Reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormity early warning method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormity early warning method and system, and belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring, and the method specifically comprises the steps: installing a sensor array at a spillway, a dam body, a dam foundation and a dam shoulder part of a reservoir dam, collecting dam physical parameter data in real time, and transmitting the data to a monitoring center in a wireless manner; after receiving the data, the monitoring center preprocesses and analyzes the data, calculates parameters such as deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam, and compares the parameters with preset safety thresholds; if the dam is in an unsafe state, the system automatically sends out an early warning signal, and a worker acts according to an emergency plan; the method further comprises the steps of field inspection, treatment measure implementation and result recording and feedback, safe operation of the dam is ensured, and the early warning and emergency response efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring, and in particular to a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning method and system. Background Art

[0002] As a key part of a water conservancy hub, the safe operation of a reservoir dam is of vital importance. During the long-term use of the dam, various safety hazards may occur due to factors such as water erosion, geological changes, and material aging. Traditional monitoring methods often rely on regular manual inspections and simple data record comparisons, which makes it difficult to detect potential anomalies in real time and accurately. In addition, when faced with massive monitoring data, there is a lack of efficient analysis and processing capabilities, resulting in untimely warnings and insufficient time for dam maintenance and repairs, which can easily lead to serious consequences.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN114485622A discloses a visual safety monitoring method for dams and reservoirs, including: using a posture sensor to monitor the safety of the dam and reservoir, and decomposing it according to the offset direction of the posture sensor, judging whether the offset directions of each offset point are consistent, and displaying them separately, so that managers can more intuitively view the safety hazards of the dam and reservoir. The data of the posture sensor can be used to judge the dangerous points of the dam or reservoir, and provide alarms to help managers quickly discover the safety hazards of the dam and reservoir.

[0004] For example, a Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN215338318U discloses a reservoir dam bank slope stability monitoring system, including: a monitoring network, the monitoring network includes multiple monitoring points, the monitoring points are distributed along the reservoir dam bank slope, each of the monitoring points is provided with a MEMS sensor, a total station, a target prism, an inclinometer, a power module and a communication module; the MEMS sensor, the total station, the inclinometer and the communication module are connected; a data acquisition terminal, the data acquisition terminal is connected to one or more monitoring points in the monitoring network; a background system, the background system is connected to the data acquisition terminal. The overall construction cost of the reservoir dam bank slope stability monitoring system in the embodiment of the technical solution is low, and it can effectively monitor the stability of the reservoir dam bank slope, facilitate timely warning, and is conducive to achieving the purpose of safe production.

[0005] The above existing technologies have the following problems: the monitoring scope is limited; the system flexibility and scalability are poor; although early warning signals can be issued, there may be a lack of detailed emergency plans and response mechanisms; there is a lack of comprehensive data integration and analysis capabilities for the entire dam structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal warning method and system, which collects dam physical parameter data in real time and transmits them wirelessly to a monitoring center by installing sensor arrays at the spillway, dam body, dam foundation and dam shoulder of the reservoir dam; the monitoring center performs pre-processing and analysis after receiving the data, calculates parameters such as dam deformation, settlement and displacement, and compares them with preset safety thresholds; if the dam is in an unsafe state, the system automatically sends out a warning signal, and the staff acts according to the emergency plan; the method also includes on-site inspection, implementation of treatment measures, and result recording and feedback, to ensure the safe operation of the dam and improve the efficiency of early warning and emergency response.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method, comprising: Step S1: collecting dam physical parameter data in real time at key locations of the reservoir dam through a sensor array, and transmitting the dam physical parameter data to a monitoring center through wireless transmission, wherein the key locations of the reservoir dam refer to the spillway, dam body, dam foundation, and dam abutment; Step S2: The monitoring center receives the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array, performs preprocessing, analyzes the preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and calculates the deformation, settlement and displacement parameters of the dam; Step S3: Setting a safety threshold of monitoring parameters, comparing the calculated dam deformation, settlement and displacement parameters with the set safety threshold of monitoring parameters, and using a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; Step S4: If the dam is judged to be in an unsafe state, the system automatically issues a warning signal of the corresponding level. After receiving the warning signal, the staff takes action according to the pre-established emergency plan, which includes the inspection process, treatment measures and responsible person allocation corresponding to different abnormal levels; Step S5: The staff conducts a detailed on-site inspection of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirms the abnormal situation, takes corresponding emergency response measures based on the inspection results, and records and feedbacks the processing results; The specific steps of step S2 include: S2.1: Receive the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array and pre-process it to obtain the pre-processed dam physical parameter data ,in, represents the Nth preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and N represents the number of preprocessed dam physical parameter data; S2.2: Load the pre-trained exponential smoothing model and Input the data into the pre-trained exponential smoothing model for model fitting. According to the fitted exponential smoothing model, analyze the trend of the dam's physical parameters and extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the trend analysis results. ; S2.3: Using Fourier transform Perform frequency domain conversion to obtain the frequency domain signal of X, and analyze the converted frequency domain signal to calculate the amplitude and phase of each harmonic frequency. According to the analysis results of the frequency domain signal, identify the main frequency components; S2.4: Based on the spectrum analysis results, determine whether the physical parameters of the dam have periodic changes and the length of the period. Based on the judgment results, extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the spectrum analysis results. .

[0008] Specifically, the specific steps of step S2 also include: S2.5: Deformation features extracted from the fitted exponential smoothing model and the transformed frequency domain signal and Arrange them in time series to obtain deformation feature extraction data Y; S2.6: Load the pre-trained PT model, input the deformation feature extraction data Y into the pre-trained PT model, and perform PT model calculation , the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam are obtained, among which, represents the pre-trained PT model function, y Indicates the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; S2.7: Compare the calculated results with the actual monitoring data. If there are any differences, adjust the PT model parameters; S2.8: Output the calculation results in the form of charts and generate corresponding monitoring reports.

[0009] Specifically, the specific steps of step S3 include: S3.1: Set safety thresholds for deformation, settlement, and displacement based on dam design specifications and historical data , and ; S3.2: Obtain the deformation A, settlement B and displacement C of the dam obtained in S2.6, and compare the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam with the set safety threshold. , and For comparison, , Represents the set of deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; like or or , it is preliminarily judged that the dam is in an unsafe state; like and and , the dam is judged to be in a safe state and monitoring will continue; S3.3: Evaluate the safety status of the dam using a multi-factor comprehensive assessment approach, taking into account the structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability of the dam; S3.4: Based on the assessment results, determine whether the dam is in a safe state and give corresponding warnings or treatment suggestions.

[0010] Specifically, the specific steps of S3.3 include: S3.31: Set dam safety status assessment indicators Through on-site testing and historical data review, data on the dam's structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability were collected. It represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the dam's safety status. represents the comprehensive evaluation function, represents the comprehensive index of structural integrity, It is a comprehensive indicator of material aging degree. It represents the comprehensive index of geological stability. represents the exponential function, represents the crack width, Indicates the number of cracks, represents the deformation parameter of the dam body, Indicates the percentage of material strength reduction, represents the durability index, represents the weighted average function, represents the geological structure stability index, Indicates the change in groundwater level; S3.32: Assign weights to each evaluation indicator based on its impact on the dam safety status. , Indicates i The weight of each evaluation indicator; S3.33: Develop scoring criteria for each evaluation indicator based on industry standards, score each evaluation indicator based on the scoring criteria, and i The score of the indicator With weight Multiply them together to get i Weighted score of each indicator ; S3.34: Add the weighted scores of all evaluation indicators to obtain the total score G of the dam safety status assessment; S3.35: Determine the safety status of the dam based on the total score and the preset safety level classification standards.

[0011] Specifically, the dam deformation characteristics extracted from the trend analysis results in S2.2 include deformation rate and deformation acceleration; the dam deformation characteristics extracted from the spectrum analysis results include primary frequency, secondary frequency, and amplitude.

[0012] A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal warning system, comprising: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a safety assessment module, a warning module, and an on-site processing module; The data acquisition module is used to collect the physical parameter data of the dam in real time through the sensor array at the spillway, dam body, dam foundation and dam shoulder of the reservoir dam; The data processing module is used to receive the data from the data acquisition module, perform pre-processing and analysis, and calculate the deformation, settlement and displacement parameters of the dam; The safety assessment module sets a safety threshold of the monitoring parameter, compares the calculated dam parameter with the threshold, and uses a multi-factor comprehensive assessment method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; The early warning module is used to automatically send out an early warning signal of a corresponding level and activate an emergency plan when it is determined that the dam is in an unsafe state; The on-site processing module is used to enable the staff to conduct on-site inspections of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirm abnormal conditions, take corresponding processing measures, and record and feedback the processing results.

[0013] Specifically, the security assessment module includes: a threshold setting unit and a comparison and assessment unit; The threshold setting unit is used to set the safety threshold of each monitoring parameter according to the design parameters, historical data and safety standards of the dam; The comparison and evaluation unit is used to compare the dam parameters with the threshold value and use a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine the safety of the dam.

[0014] Specifically, the warning module includes: a warning signal issuing unit, an emergency plan management unit, and an emergency response instruction unit; The warning signal issuing unit is used to automatically issue a warning signal of a corresponding level according to the safety assessment result; The emergency plan management unit is used to store and manage the inspection process, handling measures and responsible person allocation information corresponding to different abnormal levels; The emergency response instruction unit is used to instruct the staff to take actions according to the emergency plan based on the early warning signal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention proposes a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method, which can timely discover the safety hazards of the dam by real-time monitoring of the physical parameters of key parts of the dam, including deformation, settlement and displacement, etc.; by comparing with the preset safety threshold and using a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method, it can accurately determine whether the dam is in a safe state, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of dam safety accidents.

[0016] 2. The present invention proposes a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal warning method, and also establishes a complete warning and emergency response mechanism. Once the dam is in an unsafe state, the system will automatically send out a warning signal, and the staff can quickly take action according to the pre-established emergency plan, including on-site inspection, implementation of treatment measures, etc., to ensure the safe operation of the dam; at the same time, the recording and feedback of the processing results also help to continuously optimize the emergency plan and improve the efficiency of emergency response. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an abnormal early warning method for reservoir dam safety monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a principle flow chart of a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an architecture diagram of a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0018] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method, comprising the following steps: Step S1: collecting dam physical parameter data in real time at key locations of the reservoir dam through a sensor array, and transmitting the dam physical parameter data to a monitoring center through wireless transmission, wherein the key locations of the reservoir dam refer to the spillway, dam body, dam foundation, and dam abutment; The dam deformation characteristics extracted from the trend analysis results in step S1 include deformation rate and deformation acceleration; the dam deformation characteristics extracted from the spectrum analysis results include primary frequency, secondary frequency, and amplitude.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S1 include: (1) Arrange sensor arrays, such as displacement sensors, temperature sensors, and pressure sensors, at key locations of the reservoir dam, such as the spillway, dam body, dam foundation, and dam abutment, to collect data on various physical parameters of the dam; (2) The sensor collects the physical parameter data of the dam in real time through its built-in sensing elements. The collected physical parameter data of the dam include deformation, temperature, pressure, seepage, and water level parameters; (3) Convert the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal; (4) Transmit digital signals to the data acquisition terminal or monitoring center through the built-in wireless communication module; (5) The data receiving device of the monitoring center receives the data from the sensor and decodes, verifies and preprocesses the received data to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data.

[0020] The specific process of converting the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal includes: (1) Obtaining physical parameter data of the dam collected by sensors, wherein the collected physical parameter data of the dam is an analog signal; (2) Sampling the analog signal, converting the continuous-time analog signal into discrete values ​​at fixed time intervals; (3) quantizing the sampled analog signal using an analog-to-digital converter to map each continuous amplitude value after sampling to a discrete level or value, wherein the analog-to-digital converter is a prior art in the art and is not an inventive solution of the present application, and is not described in detail herein; (4) The quantized signal is converted into a binary digital signal through an encoder and output to a digital system for further processing or transmission.

[0021] Step S2: The monitoring center receives the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array, performs preprocessing, analyzes the preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and calculates the deformation, settlement and displacement parameters of the dam; Step S3: Setting a safety threshold of monitoring parameters, comparing the calculated dam deformation, settlement and displacement parameters with the set safety threshold of monitoring parameters, and using a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; Step S4: If the dam is judged to be in an unsafe state, the system automatically issues a warning signal of the corresponding level. After receiving the warning signal, the staff takes action according to the pre-established emergency plan, which includes the inspection process, treatment measures and responsible person allocation corresponding to different abnormal levels; Among them, the early warning signal can be sent to the staff through sound and light alarms, text message notifications, and email reminders.

[0022] Step S5: The staff conducts a detailed on-site inspection of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirms the abnormal situation, takes corresponding emergency response measures based on the inspection results, and records and feedbacks the processing results.

[0023] Among them, emergency response measures include: (1) Upon receiving the warning signal, immediately activate the emergency plan and conduct inspections and handling according to the procedures in the plan; (2) If there is a risk of dam failure, the people in the affected areas downstream should be evacuated and resettled immediately to ensure their safety. A professional rescue team should be organized to carry out emergency repairs on the dam, such as reinforcing the dam body and clearing the spillway, to reduce the impact of the disaster; (3) At the same time, traffic in the affected area will be controlled to ensure smooth passage of rescue vehicles and personnel; (4) It is also necessary to quickly deploy the materials and equipment needed for rescue, such as sandbags, pumps, generators, etc., to ensure the smooth progress of the rescue work; (5) After the rescue work is completed, the dam will continue to be monitored and evaluated. Based on the evaluation results, the rescue work will be summarized and reflected upon in order to improve the emergency plan and response measures.

[0024] Furthermore, during the formulation and implementation of the emergency plan, the safety status of the dam needs to be inspected and evaluated, including: (1) Seepage monitoring: By burying piezometers, the seepage pressure distribution and the position of the seepage line of the dam body and foundation are monitored. If abnormal seepage is found, such as a sudden increase in seepage volume or seepage pressure exceeding the normal range, measures should be taken immediately to deal with it; (2) Water level monitoring: water level gauges are set up to monitor water level changes upstream and downstream of the dam. If the water level exceeds the preset safety range, it may cause risks such as dam overflow, and the corresponding early warning and emergency response mechanisms need to be activated immediately; (3) Displacement monitoring: Use GNSS measurement systems and other instruments to monitor the horizontal and vertical deformation of the dam surface. If abnormal displacement is found, such as a sudden increase in displacement or an increase in displacement rate, it may mean that the dam has safety hazards and needs to be inspected and handled immediately; (4) Comprehensive assessment: A comprehensive assessment of the dam's safety status is conducted based on monitoring data such as seepage, water level, and displacement, as well as information such as the dam's design standards and historical operating data. Based on the assessment results, it is determined whether the dam is in a safe state and corresponding early warning and emergency response measures are taken.

[0025] The specific steps of step S2 include: S2.1: Receive the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array and pre-process it to obtain the pre-processed dam physical parameter data ,in, represents the Nth preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and N represents the number of preprocessed dam physical parameter data; Among them, the preprocessing process includes data cleaning, such as removing outliers and missing value processing; data conversion, such as normalization and standardization; data division, such as training set and test set division.

[0026] S2.2: Load the pre-trained exponential smoothing model and Input the data into the pre-trained exponential smoothing model for model fitting. According to the fitted exponential smoothing model, analyze the trend of the dam's physical parameters and extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the trend analysis results. ; The dam deformation characteristics extracted from the trend analysis results in S2.2 include deformation rate and deformation acceleration; the dam deformation characteristics extracted from the spectrum analysis results include primary frequency, secondary frequency and amplitude.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific steps of S2.2 include: (1) Load the pre-trained exponential smoothing model from the storage location; (2) Obtaining pre-processed dam physical parameter data ; (3) The pre-processed dam physical parameter data Input the data into a pre-trained exponential smoothing model, use the pre-trained exponential smoothing model to fit the data, and obtain a fitted exponential smoothing model; (4) Analyze the changing trend of the dam's physical parameters based on the fitted exponential smoothing model, which usually refers to visualization and statistical analysis of the smoothed values ​​output by the model. Visualization refers to drawing a time series graph, and statistical analysis refers to calculating trend lines and slopes. (5) Extracting the deformation characteristics of the dam from the trend analysis results involves further processing of the model output, such as calculating the deformation amount, deformation rate, deformation acceleration parameters, and identifying possible deformation patterns or abnormal points.

[0028] The process of extracting the deformation characteristics of the dam from the trend analysis results includes: 1) Obtain trend analysis results of dam physical parameters from exponential smoothing models, usually including smoothed time series data; 2) Based on the smoothed time series data, the dam deformation between adjacent time points is calculated by difference calculation, that is, the parameter value at the next time point is subtracted from the parameter value at the previous time point. ; 3) The deformation rate of the dam is obtained by dividing the difference in deformation between adjacent time points by the time interval. ; 4) Deformation rate by numerical differentiation method Perform time derivative calculation to obtain the deformation acceleration of the dama , wherein the numerical differentiation method is the prior art content in this field, and is not the inventive solution of the present application, and will not be described in detail here; 5) By observing and analyzing the deformation , deformation rate and deformation acceleration a time series data to identify possible deformation patterns of the dam; 6) Use statistical methods to identify anomalies in time series data, where anomalies represent sudden deformation of the dam or potential safety hazards.

[0029] S2.3: Using Fourier transform Perform frequency domain conversion to obtain a frequency domain signal of X, analyze the converted frequency domain signal, calculate the amplitude and phase of each harmonic frequency, and identify the main frequency component according to the analysis result of the frequency domain signal, wherein Fourier transform is a prior art content in this field, is not an inventive solution of the present application, and is not described in detail here; It is important to understand that the amplitude and phase of each harmonic frequency are calculated by observing the spectrum of the frequency domain signal.

[0030] S2.4: Based on the spectrum analysis results, determine whether the physical parameters of the dam have periodic changes and the length of the period. Based on the judgment results, extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the spectrum analysis results. ; Furthermore, the specific steps of S2.4 include: (1) Obtain the main frequency components of the frequency domain signal from S2.3, and determine whether there are obvious periodic changes in the dam physical parameters based on the main frequency components; If there is a periodic variation, the main frequency and its harmonic components are identified; (2) Calculate the period length based on the main frequency, where the period length T is related to the frequency The relationship is ; (3) Extracting the deformation characteristics of the dam based on the spectrum analysis results and periodicity judgment, which involves analyzing the parameters such as the amplitude and phase of specific frequency components, as well as the changing trends of these parameters over time; (4) Verify whether the extracted deformation features are consistent with the actual situation; (5) Assess the safety status of the dam based on the deformation characteristics and make recommendations for maintenance or repair.

[0031] S2.5: Deformation features extracted from the fitted exponential smoothing model and the transformed frequency domain signal and Arrange them in time series to obtain deformation feature extraction data Y; S2.6: Load the pre-trained PT model, input the deformation feature extraction data Y into the pre-trained PT model, and perform PT model calculation , the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam are obtained, among which, represents the pre-trained PT model function, y Indicates the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; It should be understood that the PT model is a physical-statistical model, which can be expressed as the output from the input feature Y to the predicted value y The training process of the PT model is achieved by training the pre-built PT model on the deep learning framework of PyTorch.

[0032] S2.7: Compare the calculated results with the actual monitoring data. If there are any differences, adjust the PT model parameters; S2.8: Output the calculation results in the form of charts and generate corresponding monitoring reports.

[0033] The specific steps of step S3 include: S3.1: Set safety thresholds for deformation, settlement, and displacement based on dam design specifications and historical data , and ; S3.2: Obtain the deformation A, settlement B and displacement C of the dam obtained in S2.6, and compare the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam with the set safety threshold. , and For comparison, , Represents the set of deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; like or or , it is preliminarily judged that the dam is in an unsafe state; like and and , the dam is judged to be in a safe state and monitoring will continue; S3.3: Evaluate the safety status of the dam using a multi-factor comprehensive assessment approach, taking into account the structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability of the dam; S3.4: Based on the assessment results, determine whether the dam is in a safe state and give corresponding warnings or treatment suggestions.

[0034] The specific steps of S3.3 include: S3.31: Set dam safety status assessment indicators Through on-site testing and historical data review, data on the dam's structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability were collected. It represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the dam's safety status. represents the comprehensive evaluation function, represents the comprehensive index of structural integrity, It is a comprehensive indicator of material aging degree. It represents the comprehensive index of geological stability. represents the exponential function, represents the crack width, Indicates the number of cracks, represents the deformation parameter of the dam body, Indicates the percentage of material strength reduction, represents the durability index, represents the weighted average function, represents the geological structure stability index, Indicates the change in groundwater level; S3.32: Assign weights to each evaluation indicator based on its impact on the dam safety status. , Indicates i The weight of each evaluation indicator; S3.33: Develop scoring criteria for each evaluation indicator based on industry standards, score each evaluation indicator based on the scoring criteria, and i The score of the indicator With weight Multiply them together to get i Weighted score of each indicator ; S3.34: Add the weighted scores of all evaluation indicators to obtain the total score G of the dam safety status assessment; S3.35: Determine the safety status of the dam based on the total score and the preset safety level classification standards. Example 2

[0035] See also Figure 3 Another embodiment provided by the present invention is a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning system, comprising: Data acquisition module, data processing module, safety assessment module, early warning module, on-site processing module; The data acquisition module is used to collect the physical parameter data of the dam in real time through the sensor array at the spillway, dam body, dam foundation and dam shoulder of the reservoir dam; The data processing module is used to receive the data from the data acquisition module, perform pre-processing and analysis, and calculate the key parameters of the dam, such as deformation, settlement and displacement; The safety assessment module sets the safety threshold of the monitoring parameters, compares the calculated dam parameters with the threshold, and uses a multi-factor comprehensive assessment method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; The early warning module is used to automatically issue an early warning signal of the corresponding level and activate the emergency plan when it is judged that the dam is in an unsafe state; The on-site processing module is used to enable staff to conduct detailed on-site inspections of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirm abnormal conditions, take corresponding processing measures, and record and feedback the processing results.

[0036] The data acquisition module includes: a sensor unit and a data transmission unit; The sensor unit is used to measure the physical parameters of the dam, such as deformation, settlement, and displacement, in real time through sensors installed at key locations of the dam; The data transmission unit is used to transmit the data collected by the sensor to the monitoring center wirelessly.

[0037] The data processing module includes: a data receiving unit, a preprocessing unit, and a data analysis unit; A data receiving unit, used for receiving the dam physical parameter data from the data transmission unit; Preprocessing unit, used to clean, convert and calibrate data to ensure data accuracy and consistency; The data analysis unit is used to analyze the pre-processed data using professional software and calculate parameters such as the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam.

[0038] The safety assessment module includes: a threshold setting unit and a comparison and assessment unit; A threshold setting unit is used to set the safety thresholds of various monitoring parameters according to the design parameters, historical data and safety standards of the dam; The comparison and evaluation unit is used to compare the dam parameters with the threshold values ​​and use a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine the safety of the dam.

[0039] The early warning module includes: an early warning signal issuing unit, an emergency plan management unit, and an emergency response instruction unit; The warning signal issuing unit is used to automatically issue a warning signal of a corresponding level according to the safety assessment results; The emergency plan management unit is used to store and manage the inspection process, handling measures and responsible person allocation information corresponding to different abnormal levels; The emergency response instruction unit is used to instruct staff to take actions according to the emergency plan based on the early warning signal.

[0040] The on-site processing module includes: on-site inspection unit, measure execution unit, and recording and feedback unit; On-site inspection unit, responsible for confirming abnormal conditions of the dam on site; The measure execution unit is used to take necessary treatment measures according to the inspection results; The recording and feedback unit is used to record the processing process and results in detail and provide feedback to relevant departments and personnel.

[0041] To sum up, through the division of data acquisition module, data processing module, safety assessment module, early warning module, and on-site processing module and the setting of units, the reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning system can realize real-time monitoring, data analysis, safety assessment, early warning and emergency response, as well as on-site processing and feedback of the dam, to ensure the safe operation of the dam.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in the field may also change, modify, replace and modify the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the purpose and scope of protection of the present invention, and all of these are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method, characterized in that: include: Step S1: collecting dam physical parameter data in real time at key locations of the reservoir dam through a sensor array, and transmitting the dam physical parameter data to a monitoring center through wireless transmission, wherein the key locations of the reservoir dam refer to the spillway, dam body, dam foundation, and dam abutment; Step S2: The monitoring center receives the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array, performs preprocessing, analyzes the preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and calculates the deformation, settlement and displacement parameters of the dam; Step S3: Setting a safety threshold of monitoring parameters, comparing the calculated dam deformation, settlement and displacement parameters with the set safety threshold of monitoring parameters, and using a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; Step S4: If the dam is judged to be in an unsafe state, the system automatically issues a warning signal of the corresponding level. After receiving the warning signal, the staff takes action according to the pre-established emergency plan, which includes the inspection process, treatment measures and responsible person allocation corresponding to different abnormal levels; Step S5: The staff conducts a detailed on-site inspection of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirms the abnormal situation, takes corresponding emergency response measures based on the inspection results, and records and feedbacks the processing results; The specific steps of step S2 include: S2.1: Receive the dam physical parameter data from the sensor array and pre-process it to obtain the pre-processed dam physical parameter data ,in, represents the Nth preprocessed dam physical parameter data, and N represents the number of preprocessed dam physical parameter data; S2.2: Load the pre-trained exponential smoothing model and Input the data into the pre-trained exponential smoothing model for model fitting. According to the fitted exponential smoothing model, analyze the trend of the dam's physical parameters and extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the trend analysis results. ; S2.3: Using Fourier transform Perform frequency domain conversion to obtain the frequency domain signal of X, and analyze the converted frequency domain signal to calculate the amplitude and phase of each harmonic frequency. According to the analysis results of the frequency domain signal, identify the main frequency components; S2.4: Based on the spectrum analysis results, determine whether the physical parameters of the dam have periodic changes and the length of the period. Based on the judgment results, extract the deformation characteristics of the dam from the spectrum analysis results. .

2. The abnormal early warning method for reservoir dam safety monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S2 also include: S2.5: Deformation features extracted from the fitted exponential smoothing model and the transformed frequency domain signal and Arrange them in time series to obtain deformation feature extraction data Y; S2.6: Load the pre-trained PT model, input the deformation feature extraction data Y into the pre-trained PT model, and perform PT model calculation , the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam are obtained, among which, represents the pre-trained PT model function, y Indicates the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; S2.7: Compare the calculated results with the actual monitoring data. If there are any differences, adjust the PT model parameters; S2.8: Output the calculation results in the form of charts and generate corresponding monitoring reports.

3. A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S3 include: S3.1: Set safety thresholds for deformation, settlement, and displacement based on dam design specifications and historical data , and ; S3.2: Obtain the deformation A, settlement B and displacement C of the dam obtained in S2.6, and compare the deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam with the set safety threshold. , and For comparison, , Represents the set of deformation, settlement and displacement of the dam; like or or , it is preliminarily judged that the dam is in an unsafe state; like and and , the dam is judged to be in a safe state and monitoring will continue; S3.3: Evaluate the safety status of the dam using a multi-factor comprehensive assessment approach, taking into account the structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability of the dam; S3.4: Based on the assessment results, determine whether the dam is in a safe state and give corresponding warnings or treatment suggestions.

4. A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of S3.3 include: S3.31: Set dam safety status assessment indicators Through on-site testing and historical data review, data on the dam's structural integrity, material aging, and geological stability were collected. It represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the dam's safety status. represents the comprehensive evaluation function, represents the comprehensive index of structural integrity, It is a comprehensive indicator of material aging degree. It represents the comprehensive index of geological stability. represents the exponential function, represents the crack width, Indicates the number of cracks, represents the deformation parameter of the dam body, Indicates the percentage of material strength reduction, represents the durability index, represents the weighted average function, represents the geological structure stability index, Indicates the change in groundwater level; S3.32: Assign weights to each evaluation indicator based on its impact on the dam safety status. , Indicates i The weight of each evaluation indicator; S3.33: Develop scoring criteria for each evaluation indicator based on industry standards, score each evaluation indicator based on the scoring criteria, and i The score of the indicator With weight Multiply them together to get i Weighted score of each indicator ; S3.34: Add the weighted scores of all evaluation indicators to obtain the total score G of the dam safety status assessment; S3.35: Determine the safety status of the dam based on the total score and the preset safety level classification standards.

5. The abnormal early warning method for reservoir dam safety monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dam deformation characteristics extracted from the trend analysis results in S2.2 include deformation rate and deformation acceleration; the dam deformation characteristics extracted from the spectrum analysis results include primary frequency, secondary frequency and amplitude.

6. A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning system, which is used to implement a reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, data processing module, safety assessment module, early warning module, on-site processing module; The data acquisition module is used to collect the physical parameter data of the dam in real time through the sensor array at the spillway, dam body, dam foundation and dam shoulder of the reservoir dam; The data processing module is used to receive the data from the data acquisition module, perform pre-processing and analysis, and calculate the deformation, settlement and displacement parameters of the dam; The safety assessment module sets a safety threshold of the monitoring parameter, compares the calculated dam parameter with the threshold, and uses a multi-factor comprehensive assessment method to determine whether the dam is in a safe state; The early warning module is used to automatically send out an early warning signal of a corresponding level and activate an emergency plan when it is determined that the dam is in an unsafe state; The on-site processing module is used to enable the staff to conduct on-site inspections of the dam in accordance with the instructions of the emergency plan, confirm abnormal conditions, take corresponding processing measures, and record and feedback the processing results.

7. A reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormality early warning system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The safety assessment module includes: a threshold setting unit and a comparison and assessment unit; The threshold setting unit is used to set the safety threshold of each monitoring parameter according to the design parameters, historical data and safety standards of the dam; The comparison and evaluation unit is used to compare the dam parameters with the threshold value and use a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to determine the safety of the dam.

8. The reservoir dam safety monitoring abnormal early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The warning module includes: a warning signal issuing unit, an emergency plan management unit, and an emergency response instruction unit; The warning signal issuing unit is used to automatically issue a warning signal of a corresponding level according to the safety assessment result; The emergency plan management unit is used to store and manage the inspection process, handling measures and responsible person allocation information corresponding to different abnormal levels; The emergency response instruction unit is used to instruct the staff to take actions according to the emergency plan based on the early warning signal.

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