A high-speed strong impact testing machine

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-speed, high-impact testing machine, comprising a worktable, an impact table, a lifting device, a frame, and a top plate. It also includes a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device. The frame and the top plate are connected by guide columns, on which the worktable and impact table are further connected. One end of the lifting device is mounted on the top plate, and the other end can connect to, contact with, or separate from the worktable. One end of the first acceleration device is mounted on the top plate, and the other end can connect to or separate from the worktable. One end of the second acceleration device is mounted on the frame, and the other end can contact with or separate from the impact table. This invention can achieve three impact effects: light impact, medium impact, and high-intensity impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of impact testing machines, in particular to a high-speed strong impact testing machine. Background Art

[0002] Shock is widely present in engineering. Whether it is packaging technology, vehicle manufacturing engineering, weapon system development or spacecraft product development, the role and impact of shock must be considered. Therefore, various targeted shock tests are required during the research and development, manufacturing and use process to assess and ensure its reliability and structural integrity under different shock environments.

[0003] At present, the impact testers on the market are all in the form of free fall impact and bottom excitation impact. The mass of the equipment tested by this type of impact tester is relatively small. At the same time, the system collision energy dissipation is large, the acceleration response waveform is uncontrollable, and the response peak is also relatively small. The requirements for civilian equipment testing are acceptable, but for some military equipment testing, it is far from meeting the requirements. For this reason, some military equipment often needs to carry out explosive strong impact tests. This test method is greatly affected by the test site, weather factors, personnel operation, etc., and requires a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources and other resources to match, and it also has certain risks. Therefore, in response to the above problems, it is urgent to develop a large-load, low-cost, high-acceleration strong impact tester in a laboratory environment to meet the strong impact test of civilian and military equipment and improve the strong impact resistance of my country's industrial products. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention:

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-speed strong impact testing machine for simulating an explosive impact environment according to the technical requirements of a strong impact test, so as to meet the requirements of a modern strong impact test for impact equivalent.

[0006] Technical solution:

[0007] A high-speed strong impact testing machine comprises a workbench, an impact table, a lifting device, a frame and a top plate, and further comprises a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device; the frame and the top plate are connected by a guide column, the workbench and the impact table are also connected to the guide column, one end of the lifting device is arranged on the top plate, and the other end of the lifting device can be connected to, contacted with or separated from the workbench, one end of the first acceleration device is arranged on the top plate, and the other end of the first acceleration device can be connected to or separated from the workbench, one end of the second acceleration device is arranged on the frame, and the other end of the second acceleration device can be contacted with or separated from the impact table.

[0008] The lifting device is a first electric hoist located on the top plate, the first electric hoist is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup, and the first electromagnetic suction cup can be adsorbed on the workbench.

[0009] The first acceleration device is an elastic rope, one end of which is connected to the top plate, and the other end of which is connected to the workbench by passing around a fixed pulley, and the pulley is located on the frame.

[0010] The second acceleration device is an ejection device located at the bottom of the frame, one end of the ejection device can contact the impact platform, and the other end of the ejection device is connected to an accumulator.

[0011] The second acceleration device is a linear motor located at the bottom of the frame. The linear motor is connected with a push rod, which vertically extends out of the frame to touch the lower surface of the impact platform.

[0012] The high-speed strong impact testing machine also includes a first braking device, which includes a damper, a piston rod and a damping shaft. The damper is arranged at the bottom of the frame, the piston rod of the damper is connected to the damping shaft, the upper end of the damping shaft passes through the top plate and is connected to the rotating device, the rotating device is arranged on the top plate, and the check device is arranged on both sides of the two ends of the workbench, and the check device is connected to the damping shaft.

[0013] The rotating device includes a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder, a rack and a cylindrical gear. The reciprocating hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the top plate. The piston rod of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rack. The top end of the damping shaft passes through the hole of the cylindrical gear. The damping shaft and the hole are connected by a guide flat key, and the rack is meshed with the cylindrical gear.

[0014] The check device includes a brake pin and a compression spring. Horizontal through holes and longitudinal through holes are arranged on both sides of both ends of the workbench. The horizontal through holes and the longitudinal through holes are arranged crosswise and vertically. The damping shaft passes through the longitudinal through hole. Sawtooth-shaped barbs are arranged on the left and right sides of the damping shaft. The front and back sides are smooth. A brake pin with a flat key is inserted into the horizontal through hole. The inclined surface A at the front end of the brake pin is arranged opposite to the inclined surface B of the barb. The rear end of the brake pin is connected to one end of the compression spring. The other end of the compression spring touches the end cover, and the end cover is fixed on the workbench.

[0015] The lifting device includes a first electric hoist and a second electric hoist located on the top plate, the first electric hoist is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup, the first electromagnetic suction cup can be adsorbed on the workbench, and the second electric hoist is connected to a second electromagnetic suction cup, the second electromagnetic suction cup can be adsorbed on the impact table;

[0016] The first acceleration device is an upper compression spring, which is sleeved on the guide column, one end of which is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the other end of which is suspended in the air, and can contact the workbench;

[0017] The second acceleration device includes a supporting hydraulic cylinder and a lower compression spring located at the bottom of the frame, the third piston rod of the supporting hydraulic cylinder extends out of the frame to support the impact table, one end of the lower compression spring is connected to the frame, and the other end of the lower compression spring can contact the impact table;

[0018] The high-speed strong impact testing machine also includes a second braking device, the damping cylinder of the second braking device is arranged below the impact platform, the second piston rod of the damping cylinder vertically passes through the upper surface of the impact platform, an electromagnet is installed at a position corresponding to the damping cylinder below the workbench, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder is also connected to an accumulator.

[0019] The workbench is connected to the guide column through a first locking device, and the impact table is connected to the guide column through a second locking device. One side of the second locking device is connected to the impact table, and the other side of the second locking device can be connected to or separated from the clamping device. The first locking device and the second locking device have the same internal structure, both of which include a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, a self-lubricating bearing and a hydraulic end cover. The guide column penetrates into the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder, and self-lubricating bearings are provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder. Two pistons are inserted into the side of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic end cover is fixed to the side of the hydraulic cylinder where the piston is provided. An oil injection cavity is formed between the rear end of the piston and the hydraulic end cover, and an oil injection port is provided on the outer wall of the oil injection cavity. The oil injection port is connected to the accumulator, a large sealing ring is clamped on the piston, and a small sealing ring is clamped on the hydraulic end cover.

[0020] Advantages and effects:

[0021] (1) Compared with the traditional unidirectional free fall impact and pendulum excitation impact, the high-speed strong impact tester is based on the principle of conservation of momentum. It adopts the workbench accelerated downward drive and the impact table accelerated upward drive, that is, the opposite acceleration impact form, which can obtain a higher acceleration response peak value, and the impact effect is far superior to the traditional impact tester;

[0022] (2) Compared with the single working mode of the traditional impact tester, the three schemes of the high-speed strong impact tester each have three working modes: normal mode, medium mode, and high-strength mode, corresponding to the impact effects: light impact, medium impact, and high-strength impact;

[0023] (3) In the case of high-intensity impact, since the collision between the workbench and the impact table does not rely on the ground foundation, the impact vibration generated will not be transmitted to the ground building, avoiding the impact of the vibration source on the surrounding environment;

[0024] (4) Compared with the traditional hydraulic impact testing machine, the new impact testing machine is more energy-saving. It not only relies on hydraulic drive, but also generates a larger impact load through bidirectional acceleration drive and opposite collision.

[0025] Therefore, the high-speed strong impact tester can be used for light and medium impact tests on ordinary test equipment, and can be used for high-speed strong impact tests on special test equipment, achieving multiple uses of one machine, saving time, manpower, and money, and being safe and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical system composition of the high-speed strong impact testing machine;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-speed strong impact testing machine embodiment 1;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the check device;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the locking device structure;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a high-speed strong impact testing machine embodiment 2;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of embodiment 3 of a high-speed strong impact testing machine;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a top view of the workbench;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotating device;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a top view of the rotating device;

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Top plate, 2. Workbench, 2-1. Horizontal through hole, 2-2. Longitudinal through hole, 3. First locking device, 4. Check device, 5. Elastic rope, 6. Fixed pulley, 7. Clamping device, 7-1. Clamping hydraulic cylinder, 7-2. Hydraulic rod, 7-3. Lever, 8. Wave generator, 9. Impact table, 10. Ejection device, 11. Accumulator, 12. Bracket, 13. Guide column, 14. First electromagnetic suction cup, 15. Cylindrical gear, 15-1. Hole, 16. Rack, 17. Reciprocating hydraulic cylinder, 18. Second locking device, 19. Damping shaft, 19-1. Guide flat key, 19-2. Barb, 20. Damper, 21. First electric hoist, 22. First movable Plug rod, 23. Linear motor, 24. Push rod, 25. Second electric hoist, 26. Upper compression spring, 27. Second electromagnetic suction cup, 28. Electromagnet, 29. Damping cylinder, 29-1. Second piston rod, 29-2. Flange, 30. Lower compression spring, 31. Hydraulic push rod, 31-1. Third piston rod, 32. Displacement sensor, 301. Self-lubricating bearing, 302. Piston, 303. Hydraulic cylinder, 303-1. Oil filling port, 304. Hydraulic end cover, 304-1. Boss, 305. Large sealing ring, 306. Small sealing ring, 307. Oil filling cavity, 401. Flat key, 402. End cover, 403. Compression spring, 404. Brake pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It can be understood that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments and limitations of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should also be noted that for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than all the contents.

[0038] In order to make the force of the device balanced, the first brake device, the second brake device and the first accelerator are all symmetrically arranged. In the present invention, the lifting device, the first accelerator, the first brake device, the second accelerator, the second brake device, the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 are connected with electronic control components, and the electronic control components are respectively connected to the control system of the computer terminal by wire or wireless connection, and the present invention is a wired connection. A displacement sensor 32 is arranged on the top plate 1 of the present invention. The displacement sensor 32 can be a laser ranging sensor, which is used to measure the displacement change of the workbench 2 and the impact table 9, and transmit the real-time signal to the computer control system by wire. The computer control system monitors and analyzes the displacement change of the workbench 2 and the impact table 9 through the real-time signal of the displacement sensor. During the test, the control system generates corresponding signal commands according to the test mode and the displacement change of the workbench 2 and the impact table 9, and controls the working state of the lifting device, the first accelerator, the first brake device, the second accelerator, the second brake device, the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 through the electronic control components. Some sensor components can be installed on the rack or corresponding parts. Those skilled in the art can set the sensor components according to the test requirements. The energy storage device 11 (hydraulic or pneumatic pump station), the electric control box, the human-machine interactive workbench, etc. are all external, and the electric control components, the hydraulic system and the controller are all powered by an external power supply. The control system, the control system and each electric control component, and the connection relationship between the control system and each sensor in the present invention are prior art. The electric control components, sensor components, hydraulic or pneumatic pump station, electric control box, human-machine interactive workbench, etc. involved in the present invention are all existing products.

[0039] The present invention is based on the principle of conservation of momentum and determines the mass ratio of the workbench 2 and the impact table 9. By adjusting the speed of the workbench 2 and the impact table 9 before the collision, the workbench 2 reaches the maximum speed change, thereby generating a high acceleration response peak value. The impact effect thereof far exceeds that of traditional impact testing machines, namely, unidirectional collision impact testing machines and pendulum impact testing machines.

[0040] A fixed support 12 is provided on which four parallel guide posts 13 are fixed, or a plurality of parallel guide posts 13 are provided, and the top ends of the parallel guide posts 13 are fixedly connected to a top plate 1, forming a fixed frame of the present invention. The workbench 2 can be used to place test samples.

[0041] The first electric hoist 21 and the second electric hoist 25 of the lifting device are both existing products. They can be wire rope electric hoists or chain electric hoists. In this application, chain electric hoists are used. The lifting device can also be any other small lifting equipment that can achieve lifting.

[0042] A waveform generator 8 is also provided on the impact platform 9 .

[0043] In the present invention, the workbench 2 is made of aluminum alloy and is relatively light, and the impact table 9 is made of steel alloy and is relatively heavy. An iron block is fixedly arranged on the workbench 2, and the iron block is rigidly connected to the workbench 2. The iron block is arranged corresponding to the first electromagnetic chuck 14, and the first electromagnetic chuck 14 can absorb the iron block and drive it to move, that is, the first electromagnetic chuck 14 can drive the workbench 2 to move.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a high-speed strong impact testing machine includes a workbench 2, an impact table 9, a lifting device, a frame 12 and a top plate 1, which also includes a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device; the frame 12 and the top plate 1 are connected by a guide column 13, and the guide column 13 is also connected to the workbench 2 and the impact table 9, one end of the lifting device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the lifting device can be connected to or separated from the workbench 2, one end of the first acceleration device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the first acceleration device can be connected to or contact or separate from the workbench 2, one end of the second acceleration device is arranged on the frame 12, and the other end of the second acceleration device can contact or separate from the impact table 9.

[0046] The first acceleration device provides a downward impact force to the workbench 2 , and the second acceleration device provides an upward impact force to the impact platform 9 . The workbench 2 and the impact platform 9 move toward each other along the guide column 13 .

[0047] The lifting device is a first electric hoist 21 located on the top plate 1. The end of the circular chain of the first electric hoist 21 is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup 14, which can be adsorbed on the workbench 2. The first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to generate magnetism and adsorb on the workbench 2, and is used to lift the workbench 2 to a predetermined experimental height; when the first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off, it is demagnetized to release the workbench 2.

[0048] The first acceleration device is an elastic rope 5, one end of which is connected to the top plate 1, and the other end of which is connected to the workbench 2 by passing through a fixed pulley 6, and the pulley 6 is located on the frame 12. It can also be understood that the fixed pulley 6 is fixed to the ground; the elastic rope 5 is used to provide the impact platform 2 with a downward acceleration driving force during operation, so that the workbench 2 has downward gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. A buckle device is rigidly connected to the workbench 2, and the elastic rope 5 is ring-shaped, and the elastic rope 5 is hooked on the buckle 2. The elastic rope 5 and the workbench 2 can also be connected in other detachable ways, such as bolt connection and other existing connection methods.

[0049] The second acceleration device is an ejection device 10 located at the bottom of the frame 12, one end of the ejection device 10 can contact the impact platform 9, and the other end of the ejection device 10 is connected to an accumulator 11. The accumulator 11 provides energy for the ejection device 10 to impact the impact platform 9. The ejection device 10 is a hydraulic cylinder, and the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod is controlled by the switch of the valve, which is an existing device.

[0050] The second acceleration device is a linear motor 23 located at the bottom of the frame 12, and a push rod 24 is connected to the linear motor 23, and the push rod 24 extends vertically out of the frame 12 to touch the lower surface of the impact table 9. The linear motor 23 can also be replaced by an electromagnetic elastic line coil. The linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil is an existing device, and the linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil can be purchased on the market. The electromagnetic elastic line coil is a series of products of many domestic companies. The specific model of the linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil can be selected according to the specific test requirements.

[0051] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the high-speed strong impact testing machine also includes a first braking device, which includes a damper 20, a piston rod 25 and a damping shaft 19. The damper 20 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 12, and the piston rod 25 of the damper 20 is connected to the damping shaft 19. The upper end of the damping shaft 19 passes through the top plate 1 and is connected to the rotating device. The rotating device is arranged on the top plate 1. The rotating device is a structure that can make the damping shaft 19 axially reciprocate 90°. The check device 4 is arranged on both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2, and the check device 4 is connected to the damping shaft 19. The check device 4 is a structure that can limit the upward movement of the workbench 2.

[0052] After the workbench 2 collides with the impact table 9, the backstop device 4 can limit the upward movement of the workbench 2 and generate a corresponding negative wave.

[0053] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the rotating device includes a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17, a rack 16 and a cylindrical gear 15. The reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is arranged on the top plate 1. The piston rod of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected to the rack 16. The top end of the damping shaft 19 passes through the hole 15-1 of the cylindrical gear 15 and can slide up and down axially in the hole 15-1. The damping shaft 19 is connected to the hole 15-1 through a longer guide flat key 19-1, and the rack 16 is meshed with the cylindrical gear 15.

[0054] The reciprocating motion of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 can drive the rack 16 to reciprocate, the reciprocating motion of the rack 16 can drive the cylindrical gear 15 to rotate axially, and the axial rotation of the cylindrical gear 15 can drive the damping shaft 19 to rotate axially. In the present invention, the range of motion of the rack 16 is one-fourth of the circumference of the cylindrical gear 15, that is, the rack 16 drives the cylindrical gear 15 to rotate 90° in the axial direction of the damping shaft 19. After the test, the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 drives the rack 16 to drive the cylindrical gear 15 and the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90°, so that the barb of the damping shaft 19 is separated from the brake pin 404, and the workbench 2 can be lifted to achieve reset.

[0055] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the check device 4 includes a brake pin shaft 404 and a compression spring 403. The check device 4 is arranged on both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2. Both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2 are provided with transverse through holes 2-1 and longitudinal through holes 2-2. The transverse through holes 2-1 and the longitudinal through holes 2-2 are cross-vertically arranged. The damping shaft 19 passes through the longitudinal through hole 2-2. The damping shaft 19 is provided with sawtooth-shaped barbs 19-2 on the left and right sides. The front and back sides are smooth. The brake pin shaft 404 with a flat key 401 is inserted into the transverse through hole 2-1 in a clearance fit manner. The flat key 401 restrains the axial rotation of the brake pin shaft 404. The inclined surface A at the front end of the brake pin shaft 404 is arranged opposite to the inclined surface B of the barb 19-2. The rear end of the brake pin shaft 404 is connected to one end of the compression spring 403. The other end of the compression spring 403 touches the end cover 402, and the end cover 402 is fixed on the workbench 2.

[0056] Inclined surface A faces inclined surface B. When the workbench 2 moves downward, A and the stationary inclined surface B of the damping shaft 19 slide relative to each other. The hook inclined surface B of the damping shaft 19 presses the brake pin 404 to move into the hole and tightens the compression spring 403 behind it. When the hook of the damping shaft 19 completely passes over the brake pin 404, the compression spring 403 releases its elastic potential energy to push the brake pin 404 out of the hole. At this time, the inclined surface A of the brake pin 404 will contact the inclined surface B of the next hook of the damping shaft 19 and be pushed back into the hole again, and so on and so forth until the workbench 2 and the damping shaft 19 are relatively stationary, that is, the damping shaft 19 does not restrict the downward movement of the workbench 2; when the workbench 2 moves upward, the front end of the brake pin 404 can be stuck in the hook 19, that is, the damping shaft 19 can restrict the upward movement of the workbench 2.

[0057] When the brake pin shaft 404 is inserted into the sawtooth-shaped hook of the damping shaft 19, if the workbench 2 moves upward under the impact of the impact platform 9, the workbench 2 drives the brake pin 404 upward, and the brake pin 404 drives the damping shaft 19 upward together. The upward damping shaft 19 drives the first piston rod 22 upward, and the damper device 20 limits the upward movement of the first piston rod 22, that is, the damping brake of the upward movement of the workbench 2 under the impact of the impact platform 9 is generated. When the damping shaft 19 rotates 90°, the brake pin 404 presses on the smooth surface of the damping shaft 19. At this time, when the workbench 2 drives the brake pin 404 upward together, the brake pin 404 will slide through the smooth surface of the damping shaft 19, and the first piston rod 22 of the damper device 20 will not move. At this time, the workbench 2 can be freely lifted to a predetermined height by the first electric hoist 21.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the workbench 2 is connected to the guide column 13 through the first locking device 3, and the impact table 9 is connected to the guide column 13 through the second locking device 18. One side of the second locking device 18 is connected to the impact table 9, and the other side of the second locking device 18 can be connected to or separated from the clamping device 7; the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 have the same internal structure, both including a hydraulic cylinder 303, a piston 302, a self-lubricating bearing 301 and a hydraulic end cover 304, the guide column 13 penetrates the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic cylinder 30 3. Self-lubricating bearings 301 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the inner hole, two pistons 302 are inserted into the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic end cover 304 is fixed on the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303 where the piston 302 is arranged. An oil injection cavity 307 is formed between the rear end of the piston 302 and the hydraulic end cover 304. An oil injection port 303-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the oil injection cavity 307. The oil injection port 303-1 is connected to the accumulator 11. A large sealing ring 305 is inserted on the piston 302, and a small sealing ring 306 is inserted on the two bosses 304-1 of the hydraulic end cover 304. Prevent hydraulic oil leakage. After the table top completes the impact, the accumulator 11, i.e., the hydraulic system, supplies oil to the oil injection cavity 307 through the oil injection port 303-1, thereby pushing the piston 302 out, and the front end of the piston 302 presses on the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13 to increase the friction force, so that the table top is stable and immovable. The self-lubricating bearing 301 allows the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 to slide up and down along the guide column 13 with low friction.

[0059] The clamping device 7 includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 and a lever 7-3. The upper end of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 is connected to one end of the lever 7-3 through a hydraulic rod 7-2. When the hydraulic rod 7-2 pushes up against one end of the lever 7-3, the other end of the lever 7-3 presses down the hydraulic brake sleeve 18. At this time, the clamping device 7 can resist the upward force of the impact platform 9. The clamping device 7 is used to clamp the impact platform 9 to prevent the impact platform 9 from rebounding after collision.

[0060] The function of the first locking device 3 is to immediately lock the workbench 2 so that the tested sample will not be impacted by a secondary fall when the workbench 2 moves upward after being impacted by the impact table 9. The function of the second locking device 18 is to immediately lock the impact table 9 after the impact table 9 moves upward and collides with the downward workbench 2, so as to prevent the impact table 9 and the workbench 2 from moving upward or downward together.

[0061] 1. Normal working mode

[0062] Before the experiment begins, remove the connection between the elastic rope 5 and the workbench 2. Press the impact table 9 against the base of the frame 12 through the clamping device 7 to prevent collision and rebound. Start the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 to drive the rack 16 to retract, so that the damping shaft 19 rotates 90°. At this time, the brake pin 404 presses on the smooth cylindrical surface of the damping shaft 19, so that the workbench 2 can move up and down along the guide column 13 without hindrance. Place the test sample on the workbench 2, and the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to suck the workbench 2. The first electric hoist 21 drives the workbench 2 to rise to a predetermined height along the guide column 13. The reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is started again to drive the rack 16 to extend and move, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction. At this time, the damping shaft 19 has a sawtooth-shaped hook on the brake pin 404. Since the brake pin 404 has a slope A, the barb of the damping shaft 19 also has a slope B. The workbench 2 moves downward, and the slope A and the stationary slope B of the damping shaft 19 slide relative to each other. Therefore, the barb of the stationary damping shaft 19 does not hinder the downward movement of the workbench 2. When the test starts, the electromagnetic chuck 14 is powered off and demagnetized to release the workbench 2. Under the action of gravitational potential energy, the workbench 2 falls freely along the guide column 13 and hits the waveform generator 8 on the impact table 9 to generate a positive wave, so that the tested sample is subjected to a positive wave impact. After the collision is completed, according to the law of conservation of momentum, the direction of movement of the workbench 2 changes, that is, it returns to move upward along the guide column 13. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pushed out by the spring 403 and immediately stuck on the hook of the damping shaft 19. The workbench 2 pulls the damping shaft 19 upward together, and the damping shaft 19 pulls the damper device 20 through the piston rod 22, thereby producing a deceleration effect on the upward movement of the workbench 2. During the deceleration process, a negative wave impact is generated on the workbench 2 and the tested samples thereon. When the workbench 2 is decelerated to the moment of stopping, the locking hydraulic system is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the oil filling port 303-1 with hydraulic oil, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 hold on the guide column 13 so as not to slide down, thereby preventing the workbench 2 from falling freely again and causing a secondary impact. This kind of free fall impact mode has a small impact velocity, a small impact force, and a small impact acceleration response peak, and is suitable for impact tests on ordinary equipment.

[0063] 2. Medium working mode

[0064] The first acceleration device, that is, the elastic rope 5 is activated to accelerate. Before the test begins, the elastic rope 5 is passed around the fixed pulley 6 and connected to the workbench 2. The clamping device 7 is activated to clamp the impact table 9 above the base of the frame 12 to prevent the impact table 9 from rebounding after being hit by the workbench 2. The reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is activated to drive the rack 16 to retract, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90°. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pressed against the smooth cylindrical surface of the damping shaft 19, so that the workbench 2 can move upward along the guide column 13 without hindrance. The test sample is placed on the workbench 2, and the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to suck the workbench 2. The first electric hoist 21 is activated to lift the workbench 2 upward along the guide column 13 to a predetermined height. At this time, the elastic rope 5 is stretched, generating downward elastic potential energy for the workbench 2. When the predetermined height is reached, the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is started again to drive the rack 16 to extend and move, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction. At this time, the brake pin 404 is pressed under a certain barb with a sawtooth shape on the damping shaft 19. As described in the normal working mode, there is no obstacle when the workbench 2 accelerates downward. At the beginning of the test, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off and demagnetized. Under the dual effects of its own gravity potential energy and the elastic potential energy of the elastic rope 5, the workbench 2 accelerates downward along the guide column 13 and hits the waveform generator 8 placed on the upper surface of the static impact table 9, so that the tested sample is subjected to positive wave impact. After the collision is completed, according to the law of conservation of momentum, the movement direction of the workbench 2 changes, that is, it returns to move upward along the guide column 13. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pushed out by the spring 403 and immediately stuck on the barb of the damping shaft 19. The workbench 2 pulls the damping shaft 19 upward together. The damping shaft 19 pulls the damper device 20 through the piston rod 22, thereby producing a deceleration effect on the upward movement of the workbench 2. During the deceleration process, a negative wave impact is generated on the workbench 2 and the tested sample on it. At the moment when the workbench 2 is decelerated and stopped, the locking hydraulic system is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the hydraulic oil into the oil filling port 303-1, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 hold on the guide column 13 so as not to slide down, thereby preventing the workbench 2 from falling freely again and causing a secondary impact. This mode can achieve a medium impact speed, generate a large impact force, and generate a relatively large acceleration response peak, which is suitable for the equipment to perform a medium impact test.

[0065] 3. High-intensity working mode

[0066] Activate the first acceleration device and the second acceleration device. Pass the elastic rope 5 around the fixed pulley 6 and connect it to the workbench 2. Open the clamping device 7 that clamps the impact table 9 so that the impact table 9 can also move freely along the guide column 13. Start the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 to drive the rack 16 to retract, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90°. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is against the smooth cylindrical surface of the damping shaft 19, so that the workbench 2 can move upward along the guide column 13 without hindrance. The impact table 9 can also move up and down along the guide column 13 without hindrance. Place the test sample on the workbench 2, and the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to suck the workbench 2. The first electric hoist 21 lifts the workbench 2 upward along the guide column 13 to a predetermined height. At this time, the elastic rope 5 is stretched. When the predetermined height is reached, the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is started again to drive the rack 16 to extend and move, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pressed under a certain barb with a sawtooth shape on the damping shaft 19. As described in the normal working mode, the workbench 2 is not hindered when accelerating downward. In this embodiment, the ejection device 10 is an ejection hydraulic cylinder. The ejection process of the ejection hydraulic cylinder belongs to the prior art. The piston of the ejection hydraulic cylinder is located at the bottom, and the pump station supplies oil to the accumulator 11 for energy storage. At the beginning of the test, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is de-energized and demagnetized through the control system to release the workbench 2. The workbench 2 accelerates downward along the guide column 13 under the dual effects of its own gravity potential energy and the elastic potential energy of the elastic rope 5. At the same time, the ejection device 10 in the second acceleration device is turned on, and the accumulator 11 quickly injects the stored hydraulic oil under the piston of the ejection device 10. The piston rod of the ejection device 10 extends rapidly, and the impact table 9 is suddenly ejected upward to face the workbench 2. The workbench 2 and the impact table 9 move face to face, and a violent collision occurs when they come into contact. At the moment of collision, the hydraulic system used to control the second locking device 18 is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the hydraulic oil into the oil filling port 303-1, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the second locking device 18 makes the impact table 9 hold the guide column 13 and cannot slide, so as to prevent the impact table 9 from moving upward with the workbench 2. After the collision is completed, according to the law of conservation of momentum, the direction of movement of the workbench 2 changes, that is, it returns to move upward along the guide column 13. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pushed out by the spring 403 and immediately stuck on the hook of the damping shaft 19. The workbench 2 pulls the damping shaft 19 upward together. The damping shaft 19 pulls the damper device 20 through the piston rod 22, thereby producing a deceleration effect on the upward movement of the workbench 2. During the deceleration process, a negative wave impact is generated on the workbench 2 and the tested samples thereon. At the moment when the workbench 2 is braked and stopped, the hydraulic system used to control the first locking device 3 is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the oil filling port 303-1 with hydraulic oil, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 hold on the guide column 13 so as not to slide down, thereby preventing the workbench 2 from falling freely again and causing a secondary impact.This mode can achieve high impact speed, generate great impact force, and produce a large acceleration response peak, which is suitable for high-intensity impact tests on equipment.

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, a high-speed strong impact testing machine includes a workbench 2, an impact table 9, a lifting device, a frame 12 and a top plate 1, which also includes a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device; the frame 12 and the top plate 1 are connected by a guide column 13, and the guide column 13 is also connected to the workbench 2 and the impact table 9, one end of the lifting device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the lifting device can be connected to or separated from the workbench 2, one end of the first acceleration device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the first acceleration device can be connected to or contact or separate from the workbench 2, one end of the second acceleration device is arranged on the frame 12, and the other end of the second acceleration device can contact or separate from the impact table 9.

[0069] The first acceleration device provides a downward impact force to the workbench 2 , and the second acceleration device provides an upward impact force to the impact platform 9 . The workbench 2 and the impact platform 9 move toward each other along the guide column 13 .

[0070] The lifting device is a first electric hoist 21 located on the top plate 1. The end of the circular chain of the first electric hoist 21 is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup 14, which can be adsorbed on the workbench 2. The first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to generate magnetism and adsorb on the workbench 2, and is used to lift the workbench 2 to a predetermined experimental height; when the first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off, it is demagnetized to release the workbench 2.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the first acceleration device is an elastic rope 5, one end of which is connected to the top plate 1, and the other end of which is connected to the workbench 2 by passing through a fixed pulley 6, and the pulley 6 is located on the frame 12. It can also be understood that the fixed pulley 6 is fixed to the ground; the elastic rope 5 is used to provide the impact platform 2 with a downward acceleration driving force during operation, so that the workbench 2 has downward gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. A buckle device is rigidly connected to the workbench 2, and the elastic rope 5 is ring-shaped, and the elastic rope 5 is hooked on the buckle 2. The elastic rope 5 and the workbench 2 can also be connected in other detachable ways, such as existing connection methods such as bolt connection.

[0072] The second acceleration device is a linear motor 23 located at the bottom of the frame 12, and a push rod 24 is connected to the linear motor 23, and the push rod 24 extends vertically out of the frame 12 to touch the lower surface of the impact table 9. The linear motor 23 can also be replaced by an electromagnetic elastic line coil. The linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil is an existing device, and the linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil can be purchased on the market. The electromagnetic elastic line coil is a series of products of many domestic companies. The specific model of the linear motor 23 or the electromagnetic elastic line coil can be selected according to the specific test requirements.

[0073] like Figure 5 and Figure 3 As shown, the high-speed strong impact tester also includes a first braking device, which includes a damper 20, a piston rod 25 and a damping shaft 19. The damper 20 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 12. The piston rod 25 of the damper 20 is connected to the damping shaft 19. The upper end of the damping shaft 19 passes through the top plate 1 and is connected to the rotating device. The rotating device is arranged on the top plate 1. The rotating device is a structure that can make the damping shaft 19 axially reciprocate 90°. The check device 4 is arranged on both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2, and the check device 4 is connected to the damping shaft 19. The check device 4 is a structure that can limit the upward movement of the workbench 2.

[0074] After the workbench 2 collides with the impact table 9, the backstop device 4 can limit the upward movement of the workbench 2 and generate a corresponding negative wave.

[0075] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the rotating device includes a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17, a rack 16 and a cylindrical gear 15. The reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is arranged on the top plate 1. The piston rod of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected to the rack 16. The top end of the damping shaft 19 passes through the hole 15-1 of the cylindrical gear 15 and can slide up and down axially in the hole 15-1. The damping shaft 19 is connected to the hole 15-1 through a longer guide flat key 19-1, and the rack 16 is meshed with the cylindrical gear 15.

[0076] The reciprocating motion of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 can drive the rack 16 to reciprocate, the reciprocating motion of the rack 16 can drive the cylindrical gear 15 to rotate axially, and the axial rotation of the cylindrical gear 15 can drive the damping shaft 19 to rotate axially. In the present invention, the range of motion of the rack 16 is one-fourth of the circumference of the cylindrical gear 15, that is, the rack 16 drives the cylindrical gear 15 to rotate 90° in the axial direction of the damping shaft 19. After the test, the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 drives the rack 16 to drive the cylindrical gear 15 and the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90°, so that the barb of the damping shaft 19 is separated from the brake pin 404, and the workbench 2 can be lifted to achieve reset.

[0077] like Figure 5 , Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the check device 4 includes a brake pin shaft 404 and a compression spring 403. The check device 4 is arranged on both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2. Both sides of the two ends of the workbench 2 are provided with transverse through holes 2-1 and longitudinal through holes 2-2. The transverse through holes 2-1 and the longitudinal through holes 2-2 are cross-vertically arranged. The damping shaft 19 passes through the longitudinal through hole 2-2. The damping shaft 19 is provided with sawtooth-shaped barbs 19-2 on the left and right sides. The front and back sides are smooth. The brake pin shaft 404 with a flat key 401 is inserted into the transverse through hole 2-1 in a clearance fit manner. The flat key 401 restrains the axial rotation of the brake pin shaft 404. The inclined surface A at the front end of the brake pin shaft 404 is arranged opposite to the inclined surface B of the barb 19-2. The rear end of the brake pin shaft 404 is connected to one end of the compression spring 403. The other end of the compression spring 403 touches the end cover 402, and the end cover 402 is fixed on the workbench 2.

[0078] Inclined surface A faces inclined surface B. When the workbench 2 moves downward, A and the stationary inclined surface B of the damping shaft 19 slide relative to each other. The hook inclined surface B of the damping shaft 19 presses the brake pin 404 to move into the hole and tightens the compression spring 403 behind it. When the hook of the damping shaft 19 completely passes over the brake pin 404, the compression spring 403 releases its elastic potential energy to push the brake pin 404 out of the hole. At this time, the inclined surface A of the brake pin 404 will contact the inclined surface B of the next hook of the damping shaft 19 and be pushed back into the hole again, and so on and so forth until the workbench 2 and the damping shaft 19 are relatively stationary, that is, the damping shaft 19 does not restrict the downward movement of the workbench 2; when the workbench 2 moves upward, the front end of the brake pin 404 can be stuck in the hook 19, that is, the damping shaft 19 can restrict the upward movement of the workbench 2.

[0079] When the brake pin shaft 404 is inserted into the sawtooth-shaped hook of the damping shaft 19, if the workbench 2 moves upward under the impact of the impact platform 9, the workbench 2 drives the brake pin 404 upward, and the brake pin 404 drives the damping shaft 19 upward together. The upward damping shaft 19 drives the first piston rod 22 upward, and the damper device 20 limits the upward movement of the first piston rod 22, that is, the damping brake of the upward movement of the workbench 2 under the impact of the impact platform 9 is generated. When the damping shaft 19 rotates 90°, the brake pin 404 presses on the smooth surface of the damping shaft 19. At this time, when the workbench 2 drives the brake pin 404 upward together, the brake pin 404 will slide through the smooth surface of the damping shaft 19, and the first piston rod 22 of the damper device 20 will not move. At this time, the workbench 2 can be freely lifted to a predetermined height by the first electric hoist 21.

[0080] like Figure 5 and Figure 4As shown, the workbench 2 is connected to the guide column 13 through the first locking device 3, and the impact table 9 is connected to the guide column 13 through the second locking device 18. One side of the second locking device 18 is connected to the impact table 9, and the other side of the second locking device 18 can be connected to or separated from the clamping device 7; the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 have the same internal structure, both including a hydraulic cylinder 303, a piston 302, a self-lubricating bearing 301 and a hydraulic end cover 304, the guide column 13 penetrates the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic cylinder 30 3. Self-lubricating bearings 301 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the inner hole, two pistons 302 are inserted into the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic end cover 304 is fixed on the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303 where the piston 302 is arranged. An oil injection cavity 307 is formed between the rear end of the piston 302 and the hydraulic end cover 304. An oil injection port 303-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the oil injection cavity 307. The oil injection port 303-1 is connected to the accumulator 11. A large sealing ring 305 is inserted on the piston 302, and a small sealing ring 306 is inserted on the two bosses 304-1 of the hydraulic end cover 304. Prevent hydraulic oil leakage. After the table top completes the impact, the accumulator 11, i.e., the hydraulic system, supplies oil to the oil injection cavity 307 through the oil injection port 303-1, thereby pushing the piston 302 out, and the front end of the piston 302 presses on the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13 to increase the friction force, so that the table top is stable and immovable. The self-lubricating bearing 301 allows the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 to slide up and down along the guide column 13 with low friction.

[0081] The clamping device 7 includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 and a lever 7-3. The upper end of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 is connected to one end of the lever 7-3 through a hydraulic rod 7-2. When the hydraulic rod 7-2 pushes up against one end of the lever 7-3, the other end of the lever 7-3 presses down the hydraulic brake sleeve 18. At this time, the clamping device 7 can resist the upward force of the impact platform 9. The clamping device 7 is used to clamp the impact platform 9 to prevent the impact platform 9 from rebounding after collision.

[0082] The function of the first locking device 3 is to immediately lock the workbench 2 so that the tested sample will not be impacted by a secondary fall when the workbench 2 moves upward after being impacted by the impact table 9. The function of the second locking device 18 is to immediately lock the impact table 9 after the impact table 9 moves upward and collides with the downward workbench 2, so as to prevent the impact table 9 and the workbench 2 from moving upward or downward together.

[0083] 1. The normal working mode is the same as that in implementation 1;

[0084] 2. The medium working mode is the same as in implementation 1;

[0085] 3. High-intensity working mode

[0086] Activate the first acceleration device and the second acceleration device. Pass the elastic rope 5 around the fixed pulley 6 and connect it to the workbench 2. Open the clamping device 7 that clamps the impact table 9 so that the impact table 9 can also move freely along the guide column 13. Start the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 to drive the rack 16 to retract, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90°. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is against the smooth cylindrical surface of the damping shaft 19, so that the workbench 2 can move upward along the guide column 13 without hindrance. The impact table 9 can also move up and down along the guide column 13 without hindrance. Place the test sample on the workbench 2, and the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to suck the workbench 2. The first electric hoist 21 lifts the workbench 2 upward along the guide column 13 to a predetermined height. At this time, the elastic rope 5 is stretched. When the predetermined height is reached, the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder 17 is started again to drive the rack 16 to extend and move, so that the cylindrical gear 15 drives the damping shaft 19 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction. At this time, the brake pin 404 is pressed under a certain barb with a sawtooth shape on the damping shaft 19. As described in the normal working mode, the workbench 2 is not hindered when accelerating downward. In this embodiment, the second acceleration device adopts a linear motor 23. The working process of the linear motor 23 belongs to the prior art. The linear motor 23 uses a capacitor to store electrical energy. At the beginning of the test, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is de-energized and demagnetized to release the workbench 2 through the control system. The workbench 2 accelerates downward along the guide column 13 under the dual effects of its own gravitational potential energy and the elastic potential energy of the elastic rope 5. At the same time, the control system controls the capacitor pulse discharge, and the linear motor 23 continuously accelerates upward, pushing the impact platform 9 to accelerate upward and collide head-on with the workbench 2 that is accelerating downward in the opposite direction. A violent collision occurs when contacting. The speed of the linear motor 23 mover is adjusted to achieve the acceleration effect of ejecting the impact platform 9. At the moment of impact, the hydraulic system used to control the second locking device 18 is activated, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the oil filling port 303-1 with hydraulic oil, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the second locking device 18 makes the impact table 9 hold the guide column 13 and cannot slide, so as to prevent the impact table 9 from moving upward with the workbench 2. After the impact is completed, according to the law of conservation of momentum, the movement direction of the workbench 2 changes, that is, it returns to move upward along the guide column 13. At this time, the brake pin shaft 404 is pushed out by the spring 403 and immediately stuck on the barb of the damping shaft 19. The workbench 2 pulls the damping shaft 19 upward together, and the damping shaft 19 pulls the damper device 20 through the piston rod 22, thereby producing a deceleration effect on the upward movement of the workbench 2, and a negative wave impact is generated on the workbench 2 and the tested sample thereon during the deceleration process. At the moment the workbench 2 is braked to a stop, the hydraulic system controlling the first locking device 3 is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the oil filling port 303-1 with hydraulic oil, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force. The first locking device 3 holds the workbench 2 on the guide column 13 and prevents it from sliding down, thereby preventing the workbench 2 from free falling again and causing a secondary impact.This mode can achieve high impact speed, generate great impact force, and produce a large acceleration response peak, which is suitable for high-intensity impact tests on equipment.

[0087] Embodiment 3:

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, a high-speed strong impact testing machine includes a workbench 2, an impact table 9, a lifting device, a frame 12 and a top plate 1, which also includes a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device; the frame 12 and the top plate 1 are connected by a guide column 13, and the guide column 13 is also connected to the workbench 2 and the impact table 9, one end of the lifting device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the lifting device can be connected to or separated from the workbench 2, one end of the first acceleration device is arranged on the top plate 1, and the other end of the first acceleration device can be connected to or contact or separate from the workbench 2, one end of the second acceleration device is arranged on the frame 12, and the other end of the second acceleration device can contact or separate from the impact table 9.

[0089] The first acceleration device provides a downward impact force to the workbench 2 , and the second acceleration device provides an upward impact force to the impact platform 9 . The workbench 2 and the impact platform 9 move toward each other along the guide column 13 .

[0090] The lifting device includes a first electric hoist 21 and a second electric hoist 25 located on the top plate 1. The end of the circular chain of the first electric hoist 21 is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup 14, and the first electromagnetic suction cup 14 can be adsorbed on the workbench 2. The end of the circular chain of the second electric hoist 25 is connected to a second electromagnetic suction cup 27, and the second electromagnetic suction cup 27 can be adsorbed on the impact platform 9; the first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is magnetized when energized to lift the workbench 2, and is demagnetized when powered off to release the workbench 2; the second electromagnetic suction cup 27 is magnetized when energized to lift the impact platform 9, and is demagnetized when powered off to release the impact platform 9.

[0091] The first acceleration device is an upper compression spring 26, which is sleeved on the guide column 13. One end of the upper compression spring 26 is fixedly connected to the top plate 1 by bolts, and the other end of the upper compression spring 26 is suspended in the air, and the other end of the upper compression spring 26 can contact the workbench 2; when the workbench 2 moves upward to compress the upper compression spring 26, the other end of the upper compression spring 26 can contact the first locking device 3 set on the workbench 2; the upper compression spring 26 is used to provide the workbench 2 with a downward driving force for acceleration. When the workbench 2 moves upward, the first locking device 3 compresses the upper compression spring 26, and the upper compression spring 26 is compressed, and its elastic potential energy is applied to the workbench 2, so that the workbench 2 also has downward gravity potential energy and elastic potential energy. When the workbench 2 moves downward, the upper compression spring 26 provides a rebound force for the downward movement of the workbench 2, and at this time, the other end of the upper compression spring 26 is suspended in the air.

[0092] The second acceleration device includes a supporting hydraulic cylinder 31 and a lower compression spring 30 located at the bottom of the frame 12. The third piston rod 31-1 of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 31 extends out of the frame 12 to support the impact table 9. The supporting hydraulic cylinder 31 is used to support the impact table 9 in normal and medium working modes. One end of the lower compression spring 30 is connected to the frame 12 by bolts, and the other end of the lower compression spring 30 can contact the impact table 9;

[0093] The high-speed strong impact testing machine also includes a second braking device, the damping cylinder 29 of the second braking device is arranged below the impact table 9, the second piston rod 29-1 of the damping cylinder 29 vertically passes through the upper surface of the impact table 9, and a flange 29-2 is connected to the top of the second piston rod 29-1. An electromagnet 28 is installed at a position corresponding to the flange 29-2 of the damping cylinder 29 below the workbench 2, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder 31 is also connected to an accumulator 11. The accumulator 11 provides energy for the supporting hydraulic cylinder 31 to impact the impact table 9. When the workbench 2 collides with the waveform generator 8 on the impact table 9 and is about to separate, the electromagnet 28 is energized to absorb the end face of the flange 29-2 of the damping cylinder 29, and the damping cylinder 29 limits the movement of the flange 29-2 through the second piston rod 29-1, even if the workbench 2 decelerates to generate a negative wave.

[0094] like Figure 6 and Figure 4 As shown, the workbench 2 is connected to the guide column 13 through the first locking device 3, and the impact table 9 is connected to the guide column 13 through the second locking device 18. One side of the second locking device 18 is connected to the impact table 9, and the other side of the second locking device 18 can be connected to or separated from the clamping device 7; the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 have the same internal structure, both including a hydraulic cylinder 303, a piston 302, a self-lubricating bearing 301 and a hydraulic end cover 304, the guide column 13 penetrates the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic cylinder 30 3. Self-lubricating bearings 301 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the inner hole, two pistons 302 are inserted into the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303, and the hydraulic end cover 304 is fixed on the side of the hydraulic cylinder 303 where the piston 302 is arranged. An oil injection cavity 307 is formed between the rear end of the piston 302 and the hydraulic end cover 304. An oil injection port 303-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the oil injection cavity 307. The oil injection port 303-1 is connected to the accumulator 11. A large sealing ring 305 is inserted on the piston 302, and a small sealing ring 306 is inserted on the two bosses 304-1 of the hydraulic end cover 304. Prevent hydraulic oil leakage. After the table top completes the impact, the accumulator 11, i.e., the hydraulic system, supplies oil to the oil injection cavity 307 through the oil injection port 303-1, thereby pushing the piston 302 out, and the front end of the piston 302 presses on the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13 to increase the friction force, so that the table top is stable and immovable. The self-lubricating bearing 301 allows the first locking device 3 and the second locking device 18 to slide up and down along the guide column 13 with low friction.

[0095] The clamping device 7 includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 and a lever 7-3. The upper end of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 7-1 is connected to one end of the lever 7-3 through a hydraulic rod 7-2. When the hydraulic rod 7-2 pushes up against one end of the lever 7-3, the other end of the lever 7-3 presses down the hydraulic brake sleeve 18. At this time, the clamping device 7 can resist the upward force of the impact platform 9. The clamping device 7 is used to clamp the impact platform 9 to prevent the impact platform 9 from rebounding after collision.

[0096] The function of the first locking device 3 is to immediately lock the workbench 2 so that the tested sample will not be impacted by a secondary fall when the workbench 2 moves upward after being impacted by the impact table 9. The function of the second locking device 18 is to immediately lock the impact table 9 after the impact table 9 moves upward and collides with the downward workbench 2, so as to prevent the impact table 9 and the workbench 2 from moving upward or downward together.

[0097] 1. Normal working mode

[0098] The free-fall method is adopted. Before the experiment begins, the lower compression spring 30 and the upper compression spring 26 are removed, the impact table 9 is placed above the bracket 12, the clamping device 7 is started to clamp the impact table 9 on the bracket 12, and the electromagnetic suction cup 27 is powered off. When the experiment begins, the test sample is placed on the workbench 2, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered on to suck the workbench 2, and the first electric hoist 21 drives the workbench 2 to rise to a predetermined height along the guide column 13. The first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off to demagnetize and release the workbench 2. Under the action of gravity, the workbench 2 freely falls along the guide column 13 and hits the waveform generator 8 on the impact table 9 to generate a positive wave. After the collision is completed, at the moment when the workbench 2 and the impact table 9 collide and separate, the electromagnet 28 is energized to absorb the end face of the flange 29-2 of the damping cylinder 29. The damping cylinder 29 limits the movement of the flange 29-2 through the second piston rod 29-1, even if the workbench 2 decelerates to produce a negative wave, the movement of the workbench 2 is limited, and hydraulic oil is poured into the oil filling port 28-1. The accumulator 11 supplies oil to push the piston 302 out, and the front end of the piston 302 presses on the cylindrical surface of the guide rod 13 to increase the friction force, so that the workbench 2 is stable and motionless. That is, the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 brake and suspend in the position after work. This mode can achieve a smaller speed change, and the corresponding acceleration response peak is also smaller, which is suitable for impact tests of ordinary equipment.

[0099] 2. Medium working mode

[0100] The accelerated drop method is adopted, and the first acceleration device is activated. Before the experiment begins, the lower compression spring 30 is removed, the impact table 9 is placed on the bracket 12, the clamping device 7 is started to clamp the impact table 9 on the bracket 12, and the electromagnetic suction cup 27 is powered off. At the beginning of the experiment, the test sample is placed on the workbench 2, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered on to suck the workbench 2, and the first electric hoist 21 drives the workbench 2 to rise to a predetermined height along the guide column 13, and the workbench 2 compresses the upper compression spring 26. The first electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off and demagnetized to release the workbench 2. Under the action of the gravity of the workbench 2 itself and the rebound force of the upper compression spring 26, the workbench 2 falls freely along the guide column 13 and hits the waveform generator 8 on the impact table 9 to generate a positive wave. After the collision is completed, at the moment when the workbench 2 and the impact table 9 collide and separate, the electromagnet 28 is energized to attract the end face of the flange 29-2 of the damping cylinder 29. The damping cylinder 29 limits the movement of the flange 29-2 through the second piston rod 29-1, even if the workbench 2 decelerates to produce a negative wave, limiting the movement of the workbench 2, and injecting hydraulic oil into the oil filling port 28-1. The accumulator 11 supplies oil to push the piston 302 out, and the front end of the piston 302 presses against the cylindrical surface of the guide rod 13 to increase the friction force, so that the workbench 2 is stable and motionless. That is, the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 brake and suspend in the position after work. This mode can achieve a moderate speed change, and the generated acceleration response peak is relatively large, which is suitable for equipment to perform moderate impact tests.

[0101] 3. High-intensity working mode

[0102] Activate the first acceleration device and the second acceleration device. Before the experiment begins, do not remove the compression spring 26 and the lower compression spring 30, loosen the clamping device 7, and allow the impact platform 9 to move along the guide column 13 without hindrance. Place the test sample on the workbench 2, and the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is energized to suck the workbench 2. After the first electric hoist 21 drives the workbench 2 to rise to a predetermined height along the guide column 13, the workbench 2 compresses the upper compression spring 26, and the upper compression spring 26 stores energy. At the same time, start the second electric hoist 25, and after the impact platform 9 is driven to move upward to a predetermined height by the second electromagnetic suction cup 27, the impact platform 9 is released first through the control system. Under the action of gravitational potential energy, the impact platform 9 falls freely, hits and compresses the lower compression spring 30, and the impact platform 9 is subjected to the rebound force of the lower compression spring 30, and the impact platform 9 bounces upward. At the same time, the electromagnetic suction cup 14 is powered off to release the workbench 2. Under the combined action of the elastic potential energy of the upper compression spring 26 and its own gravity potential energy, the workbench 2 accelerates downward along the guide rod 13. The workbench 2 and the impact table 9 moving in opposite directions collide violently, and the waveform generator 8 generates a positive wave. After the collision is completed, at the moment when the workbench 2 and the impact table 9 collide and separate, the electromagnet 28 is energized to suck the end face of the flange 29-2 of the damping cylinder 29. The damping cylinder 29 limits the movement of the flange 29-2 through the second piston rod 29-1, even if the workbench 2 decelerates to generate a negative wave, limiting the movement of the workbench 2. The accumulator 11 rushes hydraulic oil into the oil filling port 28-1, and the hydraulic system supplies oil to push the piston 302 out. The front end of the piston 302 presses against the cylindrical surface of the guide rod 13 to increase the friction force, so that the workbench 2 is stable and immobile. That is, the first locking device 3 makes the workbench 2 brake and suspend in the position after work. The hydraulic system used to control the second locking device 18 is started, that is, the accumulator 11 fills the oil filling port 303-1 with hydraulic oil, pushing the front end of the arc surface of the piston 302 against the cylindrical surface of the guide column 13, generating a sufficiently large friction force, and the second locking device 18 makes the impact table 9 hold the guide column 13 and cannot slide, so as to prevent the impact table 9 from moving upward with the workbench 2. This mode is suitable for the high-intensity impact test requirements of special equipment, and because the impact does not rely on the ground, the vibration generated after the impact will not affect the surrounding environment. And the energy storage mode of the lower compression spring 30 is adopted to simplify the structure and cost of the present invention.

[0103] In the high-intensity working mode of Embodiment 1-3, according to the momentum conservation formula:

[0104] m1v1+m2v2=m1v′1+m2v′2

[0105] It is concluded that by adjusting the first acceleration device and the second acceleration device to change the pre-collision speed, it is possible to achieve a higher acceleration response peak value for the workbench 2 after the collision.

[0106] In the actual impact test process, the positive wave pulse width and acceleration peak value depend on the material (rubber) and structural parameters of the waveform generator 8 and the speed before the collision; the pulse width and acceleration peak value of the negative wave are related to the damping force of the negative damping device 4. By reasonably designing the material, structure, thickness of the waveform generator 8, the speed before the collision and the damping force of the negative damping device 4, the required ideal positive and negative waveforms can be obtained under the premise of meeting the impact strength. This mode is suitable for the high-intensity impact test requirements of special equipment, and because the impact does not rely on the ground, the vibration generated after the impact will not affect the surrounding environment.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifying the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replacing some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents, does not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed strong impact testing machine, comprising a workbench (2), an impact table (9), a lifting device, a frame (12) and a top plate (1), characterized in that: It also includes a first acceleration device and a second acceleration device; the frame (12) and the top plate (1) are connected via a guide column (13), the guide column (13) is also connected to a workbench (2) and an impact table (9), one end of the lifting device is arranged on the top plate (1), and the other end of the lifting device can be connected to or separated from the workbench (2), one end of the first acceleration device is arranged on the top plate (1), and the other end of the first acceleration device can be connected to or in contact with or separated from the workbench (2), and one end of the second acceleration device is arranged on the frame (12), and the other end of the second acceleration device can be in contact with or separated from the impact table (9); The lifting device is a first electric hoist (21) located on the top plate (1), the first electric hoist (21) is connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup (14), and the first electromagnetic suction cup (14) can be adsorbed on the workbench (2); The first acceleration device is an elastic rope (5), one end of the elastic rope (5) is connected to the top plate (1), and the other end of the elastic rope (5) is connected to the workbench (2) by passing through a fixed pulley (6), and the pulley (6) is located on the frame (12); It also includes a first braking device, which includes a damper (20), a first piston rod (22), a damping shaft (19) and a check device (4), wherein the damper (20) is arranged at the bottom of the frame (12), the first piston rod (22) of the damper (20) is connected to the damping shaft (19), the upper end of the damping shaft (19) passes through the top plate (1) and is connected to the rotating device, the rotating device is arranged on the top plate (1), and the check device (4) is arranged on both sides of both ends of the workbench (2), and the check device (4) is connected to the damping shaft (19); The rotating device comprises a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder (17), a rack (16) and a cylindrical gear (15); the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder (17) is arranged on the top plate (1); a piston rod of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder (17) is connected to the rack (16); a top end of the damping shaft (19) passes through a hole (15-1) of the cylindrical gear (15); the damping shaft (19) and the hole (15-1) are connected via a guide flat key (19-1); and the rack (16) is meshed with the cylindrical gear (15); The backstop device (4) comprises a brake pin shaft (404) and a compression spring (403). Both sides of the two ends of the workbench (2) are provided with a transverse through hole (2-1) and a longitudinal through hole (2-2). The transverse through hole (2-1) and the longitudinal through hole (2-2) are arranged crosswise and vertically. The damping shaft (19) passes through the longitudinal through hole (2-2). The damping shaft (19) is provided with sawtooth-shaped barbs (19-2) on the left and right sides. The damping shaft (19) is smooth on both sides. A brake pin shaft (404) with a flat key (401) is inserted into the transverse through hole (2-1). The inclined surface A at the front end of the brake pin shaft (404) and the inclined surface B of the barb (19-2) are arranged opposite to each other. The rear end of the brake pin shaft (404) is connected to one end of the compression spring (403). The other end of the compression spring (403) contacts the end cover (402). The end cover (402) is fixed on the workbench (2).

2. The high-speed strong impact testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second acceleration device is an ejection device (10) located at the bottom of the frame (12); one end of the ejection device (10) can contact the impact table (9); and the other end of the ejection device (10) is connected to an accumulator (11).

3. The high-speed strong impact testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second acceleration device is a linear motor (23) located at the bottom of the frame (12). The linear motor (23) is connected to a push rod (24). The push rod (24) extends vertically out of the frame (12) to contact the lower surface of the impact table (9).

4. The high-speed strong impact testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting device comprises a first electric hoist (21) and a second electric hoist (25) located on a top plate (1), the first electric hoist (21) being connected to a first electromagnetic suction cup (14), the first electromagnetic suction cup (14) being capable of being adsorbed on a workbench (2), and the second electric hoist (25) being connected to a second electromagnetic suction cup (27), the second electromagnetic suction cup (27) being capable of being adsorbed on an impact table (9); The first acceleration device is an upper compression spring (26), the upper compression spring (26) is sleeved on the guide column (13), one end of the upper compression spring (26) is fixedly connected to the top plate (1), the other end of the upper compression spring (26) is suspended in the air, and the other end of the upper compression spring (26) can contact the workbench (2); The second acceleration device comprises a supporting hydraulic cylinder (31) and a lower compression spring (30) located at the bottom of the frame (12); a third piston rod (31-1) of the supporting hydraulic cylinder (31) extends out of the frame (12) to support the impact table (9); one end of the lower compression spring (30) is connected to the frame (12), and the other end of the lower compression spring (30) can contact the impact table (9); The high-speed strong impact testing machine also includes a second braking device, wherein a damping cylinder (29) of the second braking device is arranged below the impact platform (9), a second piston rod (29-1) of the damping cylinder (29) vertically passes through the upper surface of the impact platform (9), an electromagnet (28) is installed at a position corresponding to the damping cylinder (29) below the workbench (2), and the supporting hydraulic cylinder (31) is also connected to an accumulator (11).

5. The high-speed strong impact testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The workbench (2) is connected to the guide column (13) via a first locking device (3), and the impact table (9) is connected to the guide column (13) via a second locking device (18). One side of the second locking device (18) is connected to the impact table (9), and the other side of the second locking device (18) can be connected to or separated from the clamping device (7). The first locking device (3) and the second locking device (18) have the same internal structure, both including a hydraulic cylinder (303), a piston (302), a self-lubricating bearing (301) and a hydraulic end cover (304). The guide column (13) penetrates into the inner hole of the hydraulic cylinder (303). Self-lubricating bearings (301) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner hole of the cylinder (303); two pistons (302) are inserted into the side of the hydraulic cylinder (303); a hydraulic end cover (304) is fixed to the side of the hydraulic cylinder (303) where the piston (302) is provided; an oil injection cavity (307) is formed between the rear end of the piston (302) and the hydraulic end cover (304); an oil injection port (303-1) is provided on the outer wall of the oil injection cavity (307); the oil injection port (303-1) is connected to the accumulator (11); a large sealing ring (305) is clamped on the piston (302); and a small sealing ring (306) is clamped on the hydraulic end cover (304).

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