A rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device and rail vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rail vehicle guide energy absorption device and a rail vehicle, wherein the guide energy absorption device comprises a front anti-climbing tooth, an energy absorption component, a guide mechanism and a mounting seat, wherein the energy absorption component is mounted between the front anti-climbing tooth and the mounting seat, and the energy absorption component is composed of at least three independent cavities arranged side by side, wherein the guide mechanism is mounted in at least one of the cavities. The present invention not only has a simple overall structure, but also has good bending stiffness and energy absorption characteristics, solves the problems of instability of the traditional anti-climbing device under the vehicle's eccentric load condition, poor bending resistance, etc., greatly improves the crash resistance level, and guarantees the survival space of the occupants to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rail vehicle guiding energy absorption device, belonging to the technical field of rail vehicle energy absorption safety protection equipment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of domestic rail transit, the requirements for vehicle operation safety have been continuously improved. Rail transit vehicles are large in mass and long in formation. Once a collision occurs, the huge impact kinetic energy will cause unimaginable consequences. Train safety operation should consider two parts: active safety and passive safety. Active safety mainly includes the train network and train control system, a reasonable and sound railway signal and alarm system, and railway limit safety protection measures. The purpose is to achieve train line operation safety through line management. Passive safety is the last protection device provided by the vehicle for passengers. It mainly ensures the survival, escape space and safety of drivers and passengers to the maximum extent through the vehicle collision energy absorption system.

[0003] When a rail vehicle collides, the initial collision kinetic energy must be completely absorbed or dissipated due to the need for passive safety protection during the collision, and the vehicle structure must meet certain crashworthiness requirements. A well-designed crashworthiness structure must absorb or dissipate all collision kinetic energy in a controllable manner, effectively suppress the risk of vehicle climbing, and protect the occupants.

[0004] Existing energy-absorbing devices at the ends of rail vehicles all have problems such as single structure, excessive weight, poor bending resistance, and limited energy absorption capacity. Especially under off-center load conditions, there is a problem of instability in the action of the anti-climber. When a vehicle collides, it cannot effectively absorb the impact kinetic energy generated by the vehicle collision and cannot effectively protect the safety of the occupants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle guided energy absorbing device and a rail vehicle which have a simple structure, good energy absorbing characteristics and can greatly improve the collision resistance level.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A rail vehicle guiding energy absorption device comprises a front anti-climbing tooth, an energy absorption component, a guiding mechanism and a mounting seat, wherein the energy absorption component is installed between the front anti-climbing tooth and the mounting seat, and the energy absorption component is composed of at least three independent cavities arranged side by side, wherein the guiding mechanism is installed in at least one of the cavities.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy absorbing assembly is composed of an odd number of cavities arranged side by side, including a first cavity located at an odd position and a second cavity located at an even position, the cross section of the first cavity is an octagon, and the cross section of the second cavity is a rectangle.

[0009] Furthermore, the first cavity is surrounded by an octagonal profile, two parallel plates are connected between opposite sides of two adjacent profiles, and the second cavity is surrounded by two opposite sides of the profile and two plates.

[0010] Furthermore, the profile of the first cavity is formed by butt welding two centrally symmetrical, integrally bent, polygonal plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the first cavity is 1.8-2.2.

[0012] Furthermore, the arrangement direction of the plurality of cavities is the same as the arrangement direction of the front anti-climbing teeth.

[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the mounting seat is positively correlated with the thickness of the profile surrounding the molding cavity, and the thickness rule is H2=a*H1, where H1 represents the thickness of the profile, H2 represents the thickness of the mounting seat, and a ranges from 2.5-5.5.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy absorbing component and the mounting seat are made of aluminum alloy, and the guide mechanism is made of carbon steel.

[0015] Furthermore, the guide mechanism includes a mounting plate, a guide tube and a flange, the mounting plate is fixed to the front anti-climbing teeth by bolts, the flange is installed on the opening of the mounting seat by interference fit, the front part of the guide tube is welded and fixedly connected to the mounting plate, the rear end of the guide tube passes through the flange and the mounting seat, and the front and rear ends of the energy absorbing assembly are respectively welded and fixedly connected to the front anti-climbing teeth and the mounting seat.

[0016] Another technical solution of the present invention is:

[0017] A rail vehicle has the rail vehicle guide energy absorbing device as described above installed at the end of the vehicle body.

[0018] In summary, the rail vehicle guiding energy absorption device and rail vehicle provided by the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0019] (1) The present invention optimizes the design of the energy absorption structure. Not only is the overall structure simple, but it also has good bending stiffness and energy absorption characteristics. In conjunction with its forced guide mechanism, it solves the problems of instability and poor bending performance of traditional anti-climbers caused by vehicles under off-load conditions. It ensures the effectiveness of the structural action of the device under an offset of 100 mm, greatly improves the crash resistance level, maximizes the survival space of the occupants, and greatly improves the passive safety performance of rail vehicles.

[0020] (2) The guide energy absorbing device of the present invention adopts a steel-aluminum composite material, which not only ensures the overall energy absorption effect, but also has a good lightweight characteristic. It is also conducive to the manufacture of the energy absorbing device and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The structure of the guiding energy absorbing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 The structure of the guiding energy absorbing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the energy absorbing assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a simulation diagram after deformation of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of deformation simulation of the present invention after adding a guide mechanism and the prior art.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, front end anti-climbing teeth 1, energy absorption component 2, guide mechanism 3, first cavity 4, second cavity 5, profile 6, plate 7, mounting plate 8, guide tube 9, flange 10, mounting seat 11, bolt 12, induction hole 13, anti-climbing teeth 14, bolt hole 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a rail vehicle guide energy absorption device is installed on a rail vehicle. The installation position can be the front end of the lead vehicle or the front end of the middle vehicle. The installation position is generally symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vehicle body section along the longitudinal center line of the vehicle body.

[0029] The guiding energy absorbing device on each side has the same structure, and includes a front anti-climbing tooth 1, an energy absorbing assembly 2, a guiding mechanism 3 and a mounting seat 11 at the rear end. The energy absorbing assembly 2 is installed between the front anti-climbing tooth 1 and the mounting seat 11, and the mounting seat 11 is fixed on the vehicle body (not shown in the figure). The front end of the guiding mechanism 3 is fixed on the front anti-climbing tooth 1, and the guiding mechanism 3 passes through the interior of the energy absorbing assembly 2 and is slidably connected to the mounting seat 11 at the rear end. The entire energy absorbing device can be adjusted arbitrarily in length along the direction of the guiding mechanism 3 according to the energy absorption requirements, and the maximum length can be adjusted to 1200mm to meet its various performance indicators.

[0030] The front anti-climbing teeth 1 are preferably made of 5000 series aluminum alloy plate, and a plurality of anti-climbing teeth 14 extend in the horizontal direction and are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. The top chamfers of the anti-climbing teeth 14 are used for mutual inhibition in the vertical direction when the two energy absorbing devices collide and contact. In addition, a regular protruding material is arranged along the tooth height direction between each anti-climbing tooth 14, which is used for mutual inhibition in the lateral direction when the two energy absorbing devices collide and contact.

[0031] In this embodiment, the energy absorbing component 2 is composed of at least three independent cavities arranged side by side, and a guide mechanism 3 is installed in at least one of the cavities. Figure 3 As shown, after simulation calculation and a large number of experimental verifications, preferably, the energy absorbing assembly 2 is composed of an odd number of cavities arranged side by side, including a first cavity 4 located at an odd position and a second cavity 5 located at an even position, wherein the cross section of the first cavity 4 is an octagon, and the cross section of the second cavity 5 is a rectangle. In this embodiment, more preferably, the energy absorbing assembly 2 is composed of three cavities arranged side by side, including the first cavities 4 at both ends and the second cavity 5 in the middle, and a set of guide mechanisms 3 is installed in each of the two first cavities 4. Of course, a set of guide mechanisms 3 can also be installed in each of the two first cavities 4 and one second cavity 5.

[0032] In this embodiment, preferably, the aspect ratio of the first cavity 4 is 1.8-2.2, more preferably the aspect ratio is 1.9-2.0, and the optimal value is 1.92. For example, the length of the first cavity 4 is 96 mm and the width is 50 mm. The aspect ratio of the first cavity 4 can be adjusted according to the peripheral dimensions of the energy absorbing structure. The width of the second cavity 4 is preferably 1:(1-0.8) to the width of the first cavity 4. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the odd number of cavities is the same as that of the anti-climbing teeth 14, and they are all arranged from top to bottom in the vertical direction, that is, the two first cavities 4 are arranged at the upper and lower ends, and the second cavity 5 is in the middle. The two first cavities 4 and the second cavity 5 are flat as a whole in the horizontal direction. The energy absorbing component 2 of this structure is conducive to achieving good energy absorption, bending stiffness and anti-deflection performance, and has good dynamic impact performance. It is also conducive to achieving lightweight energy absorbing component 2. At the same time, the internal area of ​​the structure of the energy absorbing component 2 is sufficient, and different types of guide mechanisms 3 can be arranged, which is conducive to further improving the collision resistance level of the entire energy absorbing device.

[0033] The energy absorbing component 2 adopts a profile structure composed of an octagon and a rectangle, which increases the cross-sectional deformation area of ​​the entire energy absorbing component 2. According to the strength calculation formula Б=F / s, its longitudinal compression strength is significantly improved. Figure 4 As shown, the energy-absorbing component 2 of this structure has better stability and strength, can withstand greater impact force, absorbs more energy, and is not prone to large unexpected deformation upward or downward, while occupying less space.

[0034] In addition, according to the characteristics of bending stiffness, bending stiffness = elastic modulus * section inertia moment, where elastic modulus E = 69Gpa, and its bending stiffness is positively correlated with the section inertia moment. A rectangular second cavity 5 is set in the middle of the octagonal first cavity 4 structure, and the calculation formulas for the inertia moments in the x and y directions are I x =∫ A x 2 dA,I y =∫ A y 2 Therefore, the moment of inertia of the octagon with the hollow second cavity 5 is greater than the moment of inertia of the octagon without the hollow second cavity 5, which greatly improves the energy absorption performance and bending stiffness of the energy absorption component 2.

[0035] In this embodiment, the energy absorbing component 2 is made of an aluminum alloy profile structure as a whole, and its material is 3003 aluminum alloy. According to the energy absorption requirements of the vehicle, the thickness of the profile of the energy absorbing component 2 is 3mm to 6mm, preferably 5mm. The first cavity 4 is surrounded by an octagonal profile 6, and two parallel plates 7 are connected between the opposite sides of two adjacent octagonal profiles 6 by welding. The rectangular second cavity 5 is surrounded by the opposite sides of the two profiles 6 (the opposite sides are one of the longest sides of the first cavity 4) and the two plates 7. The thickness of the upper and lower plates 7 connecting the two octagonal profiles 6 is the same as the thickness of the profile 6. The energy absorbing component 2 can ensure stability and strength while meeting the lightweight requirements.

[0036] The mounting seat 11 is made of 5000 series aluminum alloy plate, and bolt holes 15 are arranged at various fillet positions, and it is fixedly connected to the vehicle body structure by bolts. The thickness of the mounting seat 11 is preferably positively correlated with the thickness of the energy absorbing component 2 profile, and the thickness rule is H2=a*H1, where H1 represents the thickness of the profile 6 and the plate 7, H2 represents the thickness of the mounting seat 11, and the range of a is 2.5-5.5, preferably a=3. When the thickness of the energy absorbing component 2 profile is 5mm, the thickness of the mounting seat 11 is preferably 15mm. The aluminum alloy structure of the energy absorbing component 2 and the mounting seat 11 has excellent dynamic impact performance, a dynamic change force level of 350kN±10%, high elongation, good ductility, and can meet lightweight requirements.

[0037] In order to facilitate manufacturing and reduce manufacturing costs, in this embodiment, preferably, the octagonal profile 6 constituting the first cavity 4 is formed by butt welding two centrosymmetrical four-sided plates that are integrally bent.

[0038] The specific steps of making the energy absorbing component 2 are as follows:

[0039] Preparation:

[0040] (1) Take two 3003 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 5 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a width of 50 mm. Figure 3 The portion of the second cavity 5.

[0041] (2) Take four 3003 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 5 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a width of 155 mm. Figure 3 The first cavity 4 is formed in the part.

[0042] Manufacturing and processing:

[0043] (1) Along the length direction, a single-sided groove is processed on the long side of the plate material 6 constituting the first cavity 4, with a processing depth of 4.5 mm;

[0044] (2) The profile 6 constituting the first cavity 4 is placed on the tooling, and is bent and pressed along the length direction to form a quadrilateral, with the pressing angles being 123.4° and 146.6° respectively.

[0045] (3) Along the length direction, a single-side groove is processed on the long side of the plate 7 constituting the second cavity 5, with a processing depth of 4.5 mm;

[0046] (4) The profile 6 and the plate 7 are placed on the tooling respectively for assembly and welding, including butt welding the two bent quadrilateral plates of the profile 6 to form an octagonal profile 6, and then butt welding the two plates 7 constituting the second cavity 5 to the profiles 6 on both sides to form a complete energy absorbing assembly 2.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the guide mechanism 3 includes a mounting plate 8, a guide tube 9 and a flange 10. The mounting plate 8 is fixed to the back of the front anti-climbing tooth 1 by a plurality of bolts 12. An opening is provided at the center of the mounting seat 11. The flange 10 is mounted on the opening of the mounting seat 11 by interference fit. The flange 10 is made of carbon steel, and its main function is to provide effective anti-deviation performance for the guide tube 9. The front part of the guide tube 9 is welded and fixedly connected to the mounting plate 8. The guide tube 9 passes through the first cavity 4, and its rear end passes through the flange 10 and the mounting seat 11. The guide tube 9 and the flange 10 are clearance-matched, and the guide tube 9 can slide back and forth along the flange 10 and the mounting seat 11.

[0048] In the present embodiment, the number of guide tubes 9 is two, one of which is installed in each of the two first cavities 4, which is beneficial to improving the bending stiffness and anti-deflection performance of the entire energy absorbing device, stabilizing the energy absorbing device as a whole, and preventing the vertical and lateral deformation of the energy absorbing device, which is effective in suppressing the climbing behavior of rail vehicles during collisions. In the present embodiment, the guide tube 9 adopts a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical radius of 40 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm, and is made of carbon steel. The guide tube 9 is the main bearing member of the forced guide mechanism 3, providing enhanced anti-deflection capability for the structure. The guide tube 9 can also adopt other structures such as an "I" beam, a "cross" beam, or a rectangular beam, which is beneficial to further improve the bending stiffness and anti-deflection performance to a certain extent.

[0049] The front ends of the first cavity 4 and the second cavity 5 of the energy absorbing component 2 are welded and fixedly connected to the back of the front anti-climbing tooth 1, and the rear ends are welded and fixedly connected to the mounting seat 11. An induction hole 13 is opened on the upper and lower first cavities 4. Through simulation calculation, an induction hole 13 is opened at the front end and the rear end of each first cavity 4, and an induction hole 13 is opened on the upper and lower long sides of each end of the first cavity 4. The induction hole 13 is in the shape of a rectangular open groove, and the width of the induction hole 13 is preferably 20 mm. The induction hole 13 is exactly located at the position of the mounting plate 8 and the flange 10. The main purpose of setting the induction hole 13 is to reduce the rigidity of the energy absorbing component 2 at this location, to ensure that the profile of the energy absorbing component 2 triggers deformation at this location, so that the energy absorbing component 2 is easier to perform the next deformation, which is sufficient to ensure the orderly and controllable deformation of the energy absorbing component 2. The structure of the energy absorbing component 2 can both guide the deformation of the energy absorbing component 2 and avoid the mounting plate 8 and the flange 10, making the installation more convenient.

[0050] The front anti-climbing teeth 1, the mounting plate 8, the guide tube 9, the flange 10 and the mounting seat 11 in the energy absorption device together constitute the forced guide mechanism of the device. Figure 5 As shown, the upper figure is a rendering of the guided energy absorption of the prior art, and the lower figure is a rendering of the guided energy absorption after adding the guide mechanism. After adopting the guide mechanism 3, it can effectively provide additional anti-deflection performance for the energy absorption device, and cooperate with the energy absorption process of the energy absorption component 2 to form a more stable anti-deflection energy absorption device. The energy absorption device has strong correction performance in the vertical and lateral directions, and can achieve good impact performance of the extreme size device under the condition of 100mm vertical deviation collision. At the same time, while ensuring the overall energy absorption effect, the energy absorption device also has good lightweight characteristics, which is conducive to the manufacture of the energy absorption device and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0051] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, wherein the rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device as described above is installed at the car body end of the lead car or the middle car.

[0052] The present invention optimizes the design of the energy absorption structure, which not only has a simple overall structure, ensuring the lightweight characteristics of the device, but also has good bending stiffness and energy absorption characteristics. The overall energy absorption structure composed of its forced guide mechanism solves the problems of instability of the action behavior of traditional anti-climbers and poor bending performance caused by vehicles under off-load conditions, ensures the effectiveness of the structural action of the device under a 100mm offset condition, greatly improves the collision resistance level, effectively avoids the risk of climbing the vehicle, guarantees the survival space of the occupants to the greatest extent, and greatly improves the passive safety performance of rail vehicles.

[0053] As described above, similar technical solutions can be derived from the scheme contents given in the accompanying drawings. However, any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the contents of the technical scheme of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device, comprising a front anti-climbing tooth, an energy absorbing component, a guiding mechanism and a mounting seat, wherein the energy absorbing component is installed between the front anti-climbing tooth and the mounting seat, and is characterized in that: The energy absorbing assembly is composed of an odd number of cavities that are independent and arranged side by side, including a first cavity located at an odd number and a second cavity located at an even number. The cross section of the first cavity is an octagon, and the cross section of the second cavity is a rectangle. The first cavity and the second cavity are both flat in the horizontal direction and arranged in the same direction as the front anti-climbing teeth. A guide mechanism is installed in each of the first cavities. The first cavity is surrounded by an octagonal profile, two parallel plates are connected between opposite sides of two adjacent profiles, the second cavity is surrounded by two opposite sides of the profile and two plates, and the length-to-width ratio of the first cavity is 1.8-2.2; The thickness of the mounting seat is positively correlated with the thickness of the profile surrounding the molding cavity, and the thickness rule is H2=a*H1, where H1 represents the thickness of the profile, H2 represents the thickness of the mounting seat, and the range of a is 2.5-5.

5.

2. A rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The profile of the first cavity is formed by butt welding two centrally symmetrical, integrally bent, multi-sided plates.

3. A rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy absorbing component and the mounting seat are made of aluminum alloy, and the guide mechanism is made of carbon steel.

4. A rail vehicle guiding energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The guide mechanism includes a mounting plate, a guide tube and a flange. The mounting plate is fixed to the front anti-climbing teeth by bolts. The flange is installed on the opening of the mounting seat by interference fit. The front part of the guide tube is welded and fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The rear end of the guide tube passes through the flange and the mounting seat. The front and rear ends of the energy absorbing assembly are respectively welded and fixedly connected to the front anti-climbing teeth and the mounting seat.

5. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: A rail vehicle guiding and energy absorbing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is installed at the end of the vehicle body.

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