Passive energy-saving light and ventilation window and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to an energy-saving passive light and ventilation skylight and a construction method thereof. The skylight comprises a PC light cover, a galvanized steel plate base, a PC durability plate rainproof shed, an aluminum alloy foamed rolling shutter window, an aluminum alloy shutter, an aluminum alloy filter screen, a square steel tube, a right-angle pressing strip, a connecting steel plate and a groove. The PC light cover is connected with the galvanized steel plate base, and a square steel tube is vertically welded on one side of a ventilation opening of the galvanized steel plate base. The aluminum alloy shutter and the aluminum alloy filter screen are horizontally installed on the square steel tube. One side of the galvanized steel plate base is provided with a ventilation opening, and the upper part of the ventilation opening is provided with the PC durability plate rainproof shed and the aluminum alloy foamed rolling shutter window. The passive light and ventilation energy-saving window is connected with the roof through the right-angle pressing strip and the connecting steel plate. The present application utilizes the "chimney effect" and sets a reasonable ventilation structure, so that the indoor dirty air can be discharged and natural ventilation can be realized without consuming electric energy. Compared with the same type of invention, the present application has a lower cost and is more convenient to construct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a passive lighting and ventilation energy-saving skylight, and also to a construction method for the aforementioned skylight. Background Technology

[0002] Skylights are typically installed on the roof of the lobby or atrium of public buildings to enhance lighting and ventilation, and improve the indoor environment. Skylights are generally divided into the following two categories:

[0003] (1) According to the different light-gathering paths, they can be divided into top light-gathering skylights and side light-gathering skylights. The former is mainly used in warm climates and areas with many cloudy days, while the latter is mostly used in hot regions;

[0004] (2) According to the architectural shape, it can be divided into basic forms such as dome, sloping, conical, and arch. Different shapes are combined on the basis of different planar spaces and structural forms of buildings. With the development of glass technology and curtain wall technology, skylights are being used more and more widely in modern buildings, and there are more and more combination styles.

[0005] Currently in China, mechanical ventilation systems are generally used in buildings with poor lighting and ventilation. These systems mostly only provide ventilation and lack natural lighting capabilities, and they consume a large amount of electricity during operation. Even when natural ventilation systems are installed, poor airflow organization often results in ineffective ventilation.

[0006] On the other hand, lighting is mostly done by electric lights, which consumes a lot of electricity. Some natural light is used, but most of them are transparent tempered glass, which shines in glaring light, which may create spotlights and glare. It can also create a halo effect in the room, affecting the indoor environment and aesthetics.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to improve upon the above-mentioned shortcomings and invent a passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation to meet the various needs of buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation, which can meet many requirements of general buildings;

[0009] The present invention also provides a construction method for the above-mentioned skylight.

[0010] The present invention provides a passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0011] A passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation, characterized in that the skylight comprises a PC skylight cover (1), a galvanized steel plate base (2), a PC endurance board rainproof canopy (3), an aluminum alloy foam roller shutter (4), aluminum alloy louvers (5), an aluminum alloy filter (6), a square steel tube (7), a right-angle pressure strip (8), a connecting steel plate (9), and a groove (10); the upper part of the ventilation opening has a PC endurance board rainproof canopy (3) and an aluminum alloy foam roller shutter (4); a square steel tube (7) is vertically welded on one side of the ventilation opening; the aluminum alloy louvers (5) and the aluminum alloy filter (6) are horizontally installed on the square steel tube (7); the galvanized steel plate base (2) has grooves (10) on both sides; the PC skylight cover (1) is a PC polycarbonate board with a thickness of 3.5mm and a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%; the PC skylight cover (1) is dome-shaped; the PC skylight (1) is connected to the galvanized steel plate base (2) by self-tapping screws; the connection between the PC skylight (1) and the galvanized steel plate base (2) is filled with waterproof material; the galvanized steel plate base (2) is welded from galvanized steel plate with a thickness of 1.5mm; the galvanized steel plate base (2) is rectangular when viewed from above, and the ratio of the height of the two sides is 16:5; the passive energy-saving skylight and ventilation window is connected to the roof by right-angle strip (8) and connecting steel plate (9) by self-tapping screws; there are at least two ventilation openings on one side of the galvanized steel plate base (2); the ratio of the length to the height of the ventilation opening is 24:9; the upper part of the ventilation opening is equipped with an aluminum alloy foam roller shutter window (4) to achieve the closure of the ventilation opening; the ratio of the distance between the bottom edge of the ventilation opening and the roof surface to the height of the ventilation opening is 5:9.

[0012] Preferably, three square steel pipes (7) are vertically installed on one side of the ventilation opening; the middle steel pipe of the square steel pipe (7) extends out on both sides with an extension length of 50mm.

[0013] Preferably, the aluminum alloy filter screen (6) has a size of 6mm×12mm, and the aluminum alloy louvers (5) and the aluminum alloy filter screen (6) are connected to the square steel pipe by single-sided bolts at both ends; the aluminum alloy louvers (5) adopts sunken bent blades, the spacing between adjacent louvers is 80mm, the angle with the horizontal plane is 45°, and the thickness is 0.8mm.

[0014] Preferably, the PC endurance board rain shelter (3) is installed on the upper part and both sides of the ventilation opening, with a thickness of 1.5mm, extending horizontally outward by 500mm from the top, and having a triangular shape on the side with a height of 600mm. The PC endurance board rain shelter (3) is connected to the galvanized steel plate base (2) by bolts.

[0015] Preferably, the right-angle pressure strip (8) has a size of 40mm×40mm×3mm, and the connecting steel plate (9) has a thickness of 3mm.

[0016] The construction method for the aforementioned passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation is as follows:

[0017] (1) Confirm the number and location of skylights; calculate the area of ​​air inlets and outlets based on the factory area, number of workers, number of machines, etc., and determine the required number of ventilation skylights;

[0018] (2) Choose the best orientation;

[0019] (3) Prefabricate each component;

[0020] (4) Install the square steel pipe and galvanized steel plate base, and use right-angle pressure strips and connecting steel plates to bolt the square steel pipe and galvanized steel plate base to the roof purlin;

[0021] (5) Carry out roof construction, and overlap the profiled steel sheet onto the roof purlins;

[0022] (6) Waterproofing: PVC waterproof membrane is used for the roof, which is directly laid on top to wrap the galvanized steel plate base with a height of 250mm;

[0023] (7) Use right-angle strips to press down the PVC waterproof membrane on the roof to strengthen the connection between the ventilation window and the roof.

[0024] (8) Install aluminum alloy louvers and aluminum alloy filter screens, and use bolts to fix the aluminum alloy louvers and aluminum alloy filter screens to the square steel pipe;

[0025] (9) Install PC endurance board rainproof canopy and aluminum alloy foam roller shutter window;

[0026] (10) Install the PC skylight with self-tapping screws and fill the joints with waterproof material for waterproofing.

[0027] This invention utilizes the "chimney effect" in its skylight design, incorporating a rational ventilation structure that expels stale indoor air naturally without consuming electricity. The dome-shaped PC skylight, utilizing the diffuse reflection principle of the PC diffuser, provides strong impact resistance and self-cleaning capabilities. It also achieves natural, uniform, and soft lighting, avoiding direct sunlight and glare. A filter prevents larger debris such as fallen leaves from clogging the vents and affecting ventilation. A waterproof platform prevents backflow of debris during inclement weather. An aluminum alloy foam roller shutter allows for closure of the vents to control airflow. Compared to similar inventions, this invention is less expensive and easier to install. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 is a front elevation view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a left elevation view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a plan view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a 1-1 cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a 2-2 cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 is a 3-3 cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the groove of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 is a detailed view of the louver dimensions of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 is a detailed view of the connection point of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram, 1-PC skylight, 2-galvanized steel plate base, 3-PC endurance board rainproof canopy, 4-aluminum alloy foamed roller shutter, 5-aluminum alloy louvers, 6-aluminum alloy filter screen, 7-square steel pipe, 8-right angle strip, 9-connecting steel plate, 10-groove. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation includes a PC skylight cover 1, a galvanized steel plate base 2, a PC endurance board rainproof canopy 3, an aluminum alloy foam roller shutter 4, aluminum alloy louvers 5, an aluminum alloy filter screen 6, a square steel tube 7, a right-angle pressure strip 8, a connecting steel plate 9, and a groove 10.

[0041] The PC skylight 1 is connected to the galvanized steel plate base 2 by self-tapping screws;

[0042] One side of the galvanized steel plate base 2 has a ventilation opening, and above the ventilation opening is a PC endurance board rainproof canopy 3 and an aluminum alloy foamed roller shutter window 4; a square steel pipe 7 is vertically welded to one side of the ventilation opening;

[0043] Aluminum alloy louvers 5 and aluminum alloy filter screen 6 are horizontally installed on square steel pipe 7; passive light-transmitting and ventilation energy-saving window is connected to the roof by right-angle pressure strip 8 and connecting steel plate 9 by thread; galvanized steel plate base 2 has grooves 10 on both sides.

[0044] PC skylight 1 is made of PC polycarbonate sheet with a thickness of 3.5mm and a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 85%. PC skylight 1 is dome-shaped, which ensures good lighting effect while also allowing light to be evenly distributed and preventing light concentration and glare.

[0045] The connection between the PC skylight 1 and the galvanized steel base 2 is filled with waterproof material.

[0046] The galvanized steel plate base 2 is welded from galvanized steel plate with a thickness of 1.5mm;

[0047] The galvanized steel plate base 2 is rectangular when viewed from above, with heights of 800mm and 250mm on both sides respectively.

[0048] The galvanized steel plate base 2 has two ventilation openings on one side; the ventilation openings are 1200mm long, 450mm high, and the bottom edge is 250mm from the roof surface.

[0049] The ratio of the distance between the bottom edge of the vent and the roof surface to the height of the vent is 5:9.

[0050] Three square steel pipes 7 are vertically installed on one side of the ventilation opening. Their dimensions are 40mm×40mm×3mm. The middle steel pipe of the square steel pipe 7 extends out on both sides with a length of 50mm.

[0051] The aluminum alloy filter screen 6 has a size of 6mm×12mm. Both ends of the aluminum alloy louvers 5 and the aluminum alloy filter screen 6 are connected to the square steel pipe with single-sided bolts.

[0052] The aluminum alloy louver 5 uses sunken bent blades, with a spacing of 80mm between adjacent louvers, an angle of 45° to the horizontal plane, and a thickness of 0.8mm.

[0053] The PC endurance board rain shelter 3 is installed on the upper part and both sides of the ventilation opening to achieve ventilation opening closure; it is 1.5mm thick, extends horizontally outward by 500mm from the top, has a triangular shape on the side, and is 600mm high. The PC endurance board rain shelter 3 is connected to the galvanized steel plate base 2 with bolts.

[0054] The right-angle pressure strip 8 has dimensions of 40mm×40mm×3mm, and the connecting steel plate 9 has a thickness of 3mm.

[0055] The height from the bottom of the vent to the roof surface is 250mm, and the steel plate installed between the two can serve as a waterproof platform to prevent sewage from flowing back in due to severe weather.

[0056] The structure of this invention utilizes the principle of natural ventilation in a factory under the action of thermal pressure and wind pressure. That is, the greater the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, the greater the exhaust pressure, and the easier it is to achieve passive ventilation in the factory. When the area of ​​the air inlet at the bottom of the factory is greater than the area of ​​the effective exhaust outlet of the skylight, the greater the wind pressure, the easier it is to achieve natural ventilation in the factory.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The specific construction steps for the passive energy-saving skylight for lighting and ventilation in Example 1 are as follows:

[0059] Confirm the number and location of skylights. Calculate the area of ​​air inlets and outlets based on the factory area, number of workers, and number of machines to determine the required number of ventilation skylights; select the optimal orientation to ensure that it does not affect the prevailing summer winds blowing towards the building, and consider minimizing the impact of prevailing winter winds on the building; ensure adequate spacing for sunlight to obtain continuous sunlight.

[0060] The components are prefabricated in the factory.

[0061] The square steel pipe is installed on the galvanized steel plate base. Right-angle strips and connecting steel plates are used to bolt the square steel pipe and the galvanized steel plate base to the roof purlins.

[0062] Roofing construction begins. The profiled steel sheets are overlapped onto the roof purlins.

[0063] Waterproofing treatment. The roof uses PVC waterproof membrane, which is laid directly on top of and wraps around the galvanized steel plate base, with a height of 250mm.

[0064] Right-angle strips are used to press down the PVC waterproof membrane on the roof, strengthening the connection between the ventilation windows and the roof.

[0065] Install aluminum alloy louvers and aluminum alloy filter screens. Secure the aluminum alloy louvers and filter screens to the square steel pipe using bolts.

[0066] Install PC endurance board rainproof canopy and aluminum alloy foam roller shutter.

[0067] Install the PC skylight. Use self-tapping screws for installation, and fill the joints with waterproof material for waterproofing.

[0068] Due to the instability of wind pressure, only the effect of thermal pressure is considered in actual engineering design. The ventilation volume of natural ventilation should be calculated according to the following formula:

[0069] When the factory building height is less than 15m, the indoor heat dissipation is relatively uniform, and does not exceed 116W / m3, the following formula shall be used for calculation:

[0070] ;

[0071] tp = tn + ΔtH (H — 2);

[0072] Where: G—ventilation volume of natural ventilation (kg / h);

[0073] Q—Total sensible heat dissipated into the room (W);

[0074] α – Unit conversion factor, which is 0.28 for legal units of measurement;

[0075] cp—Specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure, taken as 1 [kJ / (kg·℃)];

[0076] tp — Exhaust air temperature (°C);

[0077] twf——Outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation (°C), which is the average of the average temperature at 14:00 on the hottest month of each year.

[0078] tn—Indoor working location temperature (°C), determined according to Table 4.1.4 of the "Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings GB50019-2015";

[0079] ΔtH — Temperature gradient (°C / m), adopted according to Table H.0.2 of the "Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings GB50019-2015";

[0080] H – The height (m) of the center of the exhaust vent from the ground.

[0081] When the factory building height is greater than 15m and the indoor heat dissipation is greater than 116W / m3, the following formula shall be used for calculation:

[0082] ;

[0083] m = m1m2m3

[0084] Where: m — effective heat dissipation coefficient;

[0085] m1—A coefficient determined according to Figure H.0.3 of the "Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings GB50019-2015", based on the ratio of the area occupied by the heat source to the ground area;

[0086] m2 — Based on the height of the heat source, according to the "Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings"

[0087] The coefficients determined in Table H.0.3-1 of GB50019-2015;

[0088] m3 — A coefficient determined according to Table H.0.3-2 of the "Code for Design of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings GB50019-2015", based on the ratio of the radiative heat dissipation of the heat source to the total heat dissipation.

[0089] The area of ​​the air inlet and exhaust outlet is calculated using the following formula:

[0090] ;

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula: Fj and Fp are the areas of the air inlet and exhaust outlet (m2), respectively;

[0093] Gj and Gp are the air intake and exhaust volumes (kg / h), respectively.

[0094] hj and hp represent the elevation differences (in meters) between the center of the air inlet and the center of the air outlet and the neutral boundary, respectively.

[0095] pwf — Air density at outdoor design temperature during summer ventilation (kg / m3);

[0096] pp — Air density at exhaust temperature (kg / m3);

[0097] p np — the average density of indoor air (kg / m3), which is based on the average air density at the work area and the exhaust vent;

[0098] ξj and ξp are the local resistance coefficients of the air inlet and exhaust outlet, respectively.

[0099] g — acceleration due to gravity (taken as 9.81 m / s²).

[0100] The effective ventilation area of ​​a single passive daylighting and ventilation energy-saving skylight is:

[0101] F = L(A + B + N * C)

[0102] In the formula: F—the effective ventilation area of ​​a single skylight (m2);

[0103] L—Total length of the ventilation opening of a single skylight (m);

[0104] A – Distance from the top of the first louver (m);

[0105] B – Distance from the bottom of the last louver (m);

[0106] N—the number of adjacent louver spacings;

[0107] C—Minimum distance between adjacent louvers (m);

[0108] The passive lighting and ventilation energy-saving skylight involved in this invention is an exhaust window, therefore the number of exhaust windows is calculated and set according to the following formula:

[0109] ;

[0110] Regarding the skylight of this invention, the natural ventilation volume should be calculated according to the above formula. The ventilation volume varies in different seasons and time periods. Taking the measured ventilation volume of a factory building as an example, with a building height of 12 meters and relatively uniform indoor heat dissipation, the ventilation volumes measured at different times are as follows:

[0111] Group 1, temperature 29-31℃, time 7:00-8:00 AM;

[0112] Group 2, temperature 35-37℃, time 14:00-15:00;

[0113] Group 3, temperature 32-33℃, time 18:00-19:00;

[0114] Group 4, temperature -1 to 2℃, time 7:00 to 8:00 AM;

[0115] Group 5, temperature 5-6℃, time 14:00-15:00;

[0116] Group 6, temperature -1 to 1℃, time 18:00 to 19:00;

[0117] kg / h kg / h Group 1 2028 Group 4 2220 Group 2 1950 Group 5 2136 Group 3 2045 Group 6 2198

[0118] As can be seen from the data in the table above, the present invention measured the temperature at different times in summer and winter. The results showed that the ventilation volume in the factory was above 1950 kg / h, which indicates that the skylight provided by the present invention has a good ventilation effect.

Claims

1. A passive energy saving light and air ventilating skylight, characterized in that, The skylight comprises a PC light cover (1), a galvanized steel plate base (2), a PC durable plate rainproof shed (3), an aluminum alloy foamed rolling shutter window (4), an aluminum alloy louver (5), an aluminum alloy filter screen (6), a square steel pipe (7), a right-angle pressing strip (8), a connecting steel plate (9) and a groove (10); the upper part of the ventilation opening is provided with the PC durable plate rainproof shed (3) and the aluminum alloy foamed rolling shutter window (4); the square steel pipe (7) is vertically welded on one side of the ventilation opening; the aluminum alloy louver (5) and the aluminum alloy filter screen (6) are transversely installed on the square steel pipe (7); the galvanized steel plate base (2) is provided with the groove (10) on both sides; the PC light cover (1) is a PC polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 3.5 mm and a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%; the PC light cover (1) is in a dome shape; the PC light cover (1) is connected with the galvanized steel plate base (2) through self-tapping screws; the connection between the PC light cover (1) and the galvanized steel plate base (2) is filled with waterproof material; the galvanized steel plate base (2) is formed by welding a galvanized steel plate and has a thickness of 1.5 mm; the galvanized steel plate base (2) is in a rectangular shape when viewed from above, and the height ratio of the two sides is 16:5; the passive energy-saving light ventilation skylight is connected with the roof through the right-angle pressing strip (8) and the connecting steel plate (9) through self-tapping screws; the galvanized steel plate base (2) is provided with at least two ventilation openings on one side; the length-to-height ratio of the ventilation opening is 24:9; the upper part of the ventilation opening is provided with the aluminum alloy foamed rolling shutter window (4) to realize the closing of the ventilation opening; the distance between the bottom edge of the ventilation opening and the surface of the roof and the height of the ventilation opening is 5:

9.

2. A passive energy saving light and air ventilating skylight as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Three square steel pipes (7) are vertically installed on one side of the ventilation opening; the middle steel pipe of the square steel pipe (7) extends on both sides by 50 mm.

3. A passive energy saving light and air ventilating skylight as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy filter screen (6) has a specification of 6 mm×12 mm, and the aluminum alloy louver (5) and the aluminum alloy filter screen (6) are connected with the square steel pipe through single-side bolts at both ends; the aluminum alloy louver (5) adopts a sunken and bent blade, the spacing between adjacent louvers is 80 mm, the louver forms an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, and the thickness is 0.8 mm.

4. A passive energy saving light and air ventilating skylight as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The PC durable plate rainproof shed (3) is installed on the upper part and both sides of the ventilation opening and has a thickness of 1.5 mm; the upper part extends horizontally outward by 500 mm; the side is triangular with a height of 600 mm; the PC durable plate rainproof shed (3) is connected with the galvanized steel plate base (2) through bolts.

5. A passive energy saving light and air ventilating skylight as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The right-angle pressing strip (8) has a size of 40 mm×40 mm×3 mm, and the connecting steel plate (9) has a thickness of 3 mm.

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