The furnace body cooling device of a coal gasifier

Abstract

The present invention relates to a furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier. A raw coal inlet pipe section is arranged at the top of the furnace body, and a gasification reaction furnace chamber is arranged in the middle of the furnace body; a coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is arranged on the conical coal distribution section, a first water supply pipe joint is arranged on one side of the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device, and a steam outlet pipe for the coal distribution section is arranged on the other side; a furnace body cooling water jacket device is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body, a second water supply pipe joint is arranged on one side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and a furnace body steam outlet pipe is arranged on the other side; a steam supply pipeline is communicated with the gasifying agent pipe input port at the bottom of the furnace body, a cooling water outlet pipe joint and a makeup water pipe joint are arranged at the bottom of the steam collector, and the cooling water outlet pipe joint is communicated with the first water supply pipe joint and the second water supply pipe joint respectively through a cooling water distribution pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal gasification, and particularly to a furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier. Background Art

[0002] Existing statistical data shows that the coal reserves are much larger than those of oil and natural gas. It is estimated that at the current mining speed, global crude oil can be mined for 40.5 years, natural gas for 66.7 years, while coal can be mined for 164 years. Therefore, coal is the main fossil energy in China. At present, the environmentally friendly pressurized entrained flow gasification technology has been widely applied in China. Among them, the gasifier with a cooling water jacket accounts for a quite large share, and the gasifier with a gasification cooling water jacket is the mainstream of future gasification technology.

[0003] Chinese Patent No. 201810091390.6 discloses a fixed-bed gasifier, which includes a water-cooled wall shell, a gas-liquid separator, a scrubbing cooler, a grate system, a coal lock, an ash lock, and a staged oxygen supply device. The water-cooled wall shell includes a plurality of water-cooled tubes and a plurality of sealing sheets. A layer of heat-insulating and wear-resistant material is provided on the inner surface of the water-cooled wall. During the operation of this gasifier, the amount of circulating water entering the gasifier is determined. When the load of the gasifier changes greatly, especially when the coal type changes or the coal quality is unstable, the temperature in the reaction chamber (combustion chamber) rises rapidly, and the evaporation amount of saturated water in the water jacket increases. In particular, a large number of evaporation bubbles are formed at the inner wall of the water jacket. If the evaporation bubbles cannot be taken away immediately, a steam film will be formed on the inner wall. The steam film is a poor conductor of heat. After the formation of the steam film, the temperature of the water jacket in the combustion zone will rise sharply, exceeding the melting temperature of the plate, and finally resulting in local burning through of the water jacket of the gasifier. When the load increases, the temperature of the inner surface of the furnace is high, and there is a phenomenon of furnace deviation during thermal movement, making it difficult to increase the gasification intensity. At the same time, slag accumulation is serious at the furnace top and furnace wall, and the gas outlet is easily blocked, and the cleaning workload is large, affecting the normal coal gasification production. Therefore, a new furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier is needed to overcome the above defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier. A raw coal inlet pipe section is provided at the top of the furnace body of the device, an ash slag outlet is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and a gasification reaction furnace chamber is provided in the middle of the furnace body; the bottom end of the raw coal inlet pipe section is connected to a conical coal distribution section, and a coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is provided on the conical coal distribution section. A furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body. The steam outlet pipe of the coal distribution section and the steam outlet pipe of the furnace body are communicated with the steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body. The present invention can achieve the effects of thickening the coal seam and strengthening production, and the gasification intensity can be increased by 30 - 50% on the basis of the existing technology. There is no refractory brick in the furnace body of the present invention, so the ignition time is short. The furnace body cooling device of the present invention has a simple structure and reliable operation.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: A furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier, comprising a furnace body for gasifying raw coal. A raw coal inlet pipe section is provided at the top of the furnace body, a slag outlet is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and a gasification reaction furnace chamber is provided in the middle of the furnace body. The bottom end of the raw coal inlet pipe section is connected to a conical coal distribution section, and a cooling water jacket device for the coal distribution section is provided on the conical coal distribution section. A first water supply pipe joint is provided on one side of the cooling water jacket device for the coal distribution section, and a steam outlet pipe for the coal distribution section is provided on the other side. A furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body. A second water supply pipe joint is provided on one side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and a furnace body steam outlet pipe is provided on the other side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device. The steam outlet pipe for the coal distribution section and the furnace body steam outlet pipe are communicated with a steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body, and the steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body is communicated with a steam collector through a steam rising pipe. A steam output pipe joint is provided on the steam collector, and the steam output pipe joint is communicated with the gasifying agent pipe inlet at the bottom of the furnace body through a steam supply pipe. The other end of the gasifying agent pipe extends into the gasification reaction furnace chamber. A cooling water outlet pipe joint and a makeup water pipe joint are provided at the bottom of the steam collector. The cooling water outlet pipe joint is communicated with the first water supply pipe joint and the second water supply pipe joint respectively through a cooling water distribution pipe.

[0006] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0007] 1. Since the heat receiving area of the cooling water jacket of the present invention is increased as a whole, the steam generation amount per hour is greatly improved, and the saturated steam required for the gasification reaction can be self-sufficient, greatly reducing the supply of external steam.

[0008] 2. The inner wall of the furnace body of the furnace body cooling device in the present invention basically does not accumulate molten slag or ash slag. The slag cleaning workload is reduced, and the blockage condition at the gas outlet is alleviated, so the furnace age is extended, which has a positive significance for the long-term stable operation of the gasifier.

[0009] 3. The furnace body cooling device in the present invention can achieve the effects of thickening the coal layer and strengthening production, and the gasification intensity can be increased by 30-50% on the basis of the prior art.

[0010] 4. Since there is no refractory brick in the furnace body of the present invention, the start-up time of the coal gasifier is shortened, and the ignition operation is easy to control.

[0011] 5. The furnace body cooling device in the present invention has a simple structure, reliable operation and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the furnace body cooling water jacket device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the guide plate in the cooling water jacket device of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spherical floating body chain in the cooling water jacket device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cylindrical floating body chain in the cooling water jacket device of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] Example 1:

[0020] Refer to Figure 1 , the furnace body cooling device of the coal gasifier of the present invention includes a furnace body 1 for gasifying raw coal. A raw coal inlet pipe section 2 is provided at the top of the furnace body. A slag outlet 105 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body. A gasification reaction furnace chamber 4 is provided in the middle of the furnace body; the bottom end of the raw coal inlet pipe section is connected to a conical coal distribution section 3. A coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is provided on the conical coal distribution section. A first water supply pipe joint 302 is provided on one side of the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device, and a coal distribution section steam outlet pipe is provided on the other side; a furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body. A second water supply pipe joint 102 is provided on one side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and a furnace body steam outlet pipe is provided on the other side; the coal distribution section steam outlet pipe and the furnace body steam outlet pipe are communicated with a steam collecting chamber 5 at the top of the furnace body. The steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body is communicated with a steam collector 7 through a steam rising pipeline 6; a steam output pipe joint 13 is provided on the steam collector. The steam output pipe joint is communicated with the gasifying agent pipe inlet 801 at the bottom of the furnace body through a steam supply pipeline 8. The other end of the gasifying agent pipe extends into the gasification reaction furnace chamber; a cooling water outlet pipe joint 14 and a makeup water pipe joint 12 are provided at the bottom of the steam collector. The cooling water outlet pipe joint is communicated with the first water supply pipe joint and the second water supply pipe joint respectively through a cooling water distribution pipeline 9.

[0021] In this embodiment, a raw coal inlet pipe section is provided at the top of the furnace body, a slag outlet is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and a gasification reaction furnace chamber is provided in the middle of the furnace body; the raw coal inlet pipe section is made of a steel round pipe, and a connection mechanism with the coal conveying equipment is provided thereon. A slag discharge valve (not shown in the figure) is provided at the slag outlet. The coal conveying equipment, the connection mechanism with the coal conveying equipment, the slag discharge valve, and the furnace chamber structure belong to the prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0022] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 ( Figure 2 is a sectional view). In this embodiment, the bottom end of the raw coal inlet pipe section is connected to a conical coal distribution section 3, and a coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is provided on the conical coal distribution section. The conical coal distribution section includes an upper opening 307, a lower opening 305, and a cooling water jacket 303. The overall shape of this coal distribution section is a conical pipe with a smaller upper opening and a larger lower opening. A connecting flange 301 is provided at its top for connecting the raw coal inlet pipe section; the cooling water jacket is provided on the inner wall 304 of the conical coal distribution section. A first water supply joint 302 is provided on one side of the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device, and a steam outlet pipe 306 for the coal distribution section is provided on the other side (the opposite side); the first water supply joint 302 is connected to the cooling water distribution pipeline 9 for replenishing cooling water into the cooling water jacket (the cooling water is industrial soft water or purified water), and the steam outlet pipe 306 is used to discharge the steam formed in the cooling water jacket into the steam collecting chamber 5 at the top of the furnace body; the steam outlet pipe is an always-open pipe orifice, and the steam is discharged at any time. The replenishment of the cooling water is adjusted by the control system.

[0023] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 ( Figure 3 is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part A in). In this embodiment, in order to prevent the inner wall of the furnace body from overheating and accumulating molten slag, a furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body. The furnace body in this embodiment has a cylindrical cavity structure, and its cooling water jacket 101 covers the outer wall of the furnace body 1. The top of this cooling water jacket is flush with the lower opening of the conical coal distribution section, and the bottom of this cooling water jacket is flush with the position of the furnace grate (the furnace grate is not shown in the figure). A second water supply joint 102 is provided on one side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and a furnace body steam outlet pipe 104 is provided on the other side (the opposite side rotated 180°) of the furnace body cooling water jacket device; both the second water supply joint and the furnace body steam outlet pipe are provided at the upper part of the cooling water jacket. The second water supply joint 102 is connected to the cooling water distribution pipeline 9 for replenishing cooling water into the cooling water jacket (the cooling water is industrial soft water or purified water), and the replenishment of the cooling water is adjusted by the control system. The furnace body steam outlet pipe 104 is led out from the furnace body cooling water jacket and then communicated with the steam collecting chamber 5 at the top of the furnace body for immediately discharging the steam formed in the cooling water jacket into the steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body; the steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body is an independent closed chamber; this steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body is communicated with a steam collector 7 through a steam rising pipeline 6. The collected steam is uniformly transported to the steam collector.

[0024] In this embodiment, the steam collector 7 is a pressure vessel, provided with a steam output pipe joint 13, a safety valve interface 11, a cooling water outlet pipe joint 14, a makeup water pipe joint 12, a water level controller interface 10, and a temperature sensor; the safety valve, water level controller, and temperature sensor belong to the prior art and will not be described in detail. The steam entering the steam collector through the steam rising pipe 6 is separated into saturated water and saturated steam. The saturated steam is output through the steam output pipe joint and input into the gasification reaction furnace through the steam supply pipe 8 and the gasifying agent pipe input port 801; the cooling water passes through the cooling water distribution pipe 9 and is input into the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device through the first water supply pipe joint, into the furnace body cooling water jacket device through the second water supply pipe joint, and into the grate drive cooling pipeline through the third water supply pipe joint 103 to cool the grate drive device. The cooling water in the grate drive cooling pipeline is directly converted into steam and then enters the gasification reaction furnace. The grate drive cooling pipeline belongs to the scope of the prior art and will not be described in detail. The water level controller and temperature sensor are used to control and adjust the water temperature and water level in the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device and the furnace body cooling water jacket device so as to control the reaction temperature in the gasifier. The makeup water pipe joint 12 is used to supplement industrial soft water (also known as industrial purified water) into the steam collector.

[0025] In this embodiment, the structure and position of the grate, the water level controller, the temperature sensor, and the makeup control system of the cooling water belong to the scope of the prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0026] The present invention adopts the overall cooling method of the coal gasifier, and by increasing the circulating water volume, the effects of improving the gasification intensity and protecting the furnace wall from being burned through are achieved.

[0027] The technical content disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment only, and should also belong to the technical content of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 2:

[0029] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. For the parts that are the same as those in Embodiment 1 in this embodiment, please refer to the content disclosed in Embodiment 1 for understanding and will not be described repeatedly here; the content disclosed in Embodiment 1 should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this embodiment.

[0030] See Figure 4 、 Figure 5 ( Figure 4 、 Figure 5(It is a schematic diagram of the outer cylinder wall of the water jacket of the furnace body cooling water jacket device unfolded in a circle). In this embodiment, the furnace body cooling water jacket device includes an outer cylinder wall of the water jacket, an inner cylinder wall of the water jacket, a water supply pipe joint (the second water supply pipe joint 102), and a steam outlet pipe (the furnace body steam outlet pipe 104); the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket is a part of the outer wall of the furnace body; a plurality of flow guiding plates 107 are arranged between the outer cylinder wall of the water jacket and the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket, and a swinging bubble sweeper 106 is arranged between two adjacent flow guiding plates.

[0031] In this embodiment, the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket is a part of the outer wall of the furnace body, that is, which parts of the outer wall of the furnace body are covered by the outer cylinder wall of the water jacket. In other words, the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket shares a cylinder wall with the furnace body wall. A plurality of flow guiding plates 107 are arranged vertically (parallel to the generatrix of the cylinder wall) and the intervals between them are the same. One side of the flow guiding plate is fixed to the outer cylinder wall of the water jacket, and there is a pressure equalizing gap between the other side of the flow guiding plate and the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket. Water flow channels 108 are left between the top and bottom of the flow guiding plate and the top and bottom of the water jacket respectively, and the height of the water flow channel is usually set to 100 mm. The swinging bubble sweeper 106 is made of a cable structure made of thin metal wires (or called a circular cable structure), suspended between two adjacent flow guiding plates, and swings with the hot water flow between the flow guiding plates to eliminate the bubbles or steam films formed on the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket. Prevent the formation of a steam film on the furnace body of the gasifier and avoid the phenomenon of local burning through of the lower furnace body wall of the gasifier.

[0032] See Figure 5 , preferably, the swinging bubble sweeper includes a plurality of spherical floating bodies, and a plurality of defoaming needles are arranged on the spherical floating bodies. The spherical floating bodies are connected by cables in an up-and-down structure to form a spherical floating body chain, and the bottom end of the spherical floating body chain is fixed to the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device. The spherical floating body 110 is a stainless steel hollow floating ball, and a plurality of defoaming needles 111 are radially installed on the spherical surface. The cable 112 between the spherical floating bodies is a long circular cable structure made of thin metal wires (or called a long ring cable structure); the swinging bubble sweeper is arranged between two adjacent flow guiding plates, fixed to the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and swings with the hot water flow between the flow guiding plates to eliminate the bubbles or steam films formed on the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket. Improve the cooling effect of the furnace body wall surface. Thus, there is basically no accumulation of molten slag or ash slag on the inner wall of the furnace body. Reduce the slag cleaning workload, and at the same time reduce the blockage situation at the gas outlet, so as to extend the furnace life, which has positive significance for the long-term stable operation of the gasifier.

[0033] The technical content disclosed in this embodiment is not limited to this embodiment only, and should also belong to the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment Three:

[0035] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. For the parts that are the same as those in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 in this embodiment, please refer to the content disclosed in the foregoing embodiments for understanding, and will not be described repeatedly here;

[0036] See Figure 6 ( Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the circumferential expansion of the outer cylinder wall of the water jacket of the furnace body cooling water jacket device). In this embodiment, preferably, the swing bubble sweeper includes a plurality of cylindrical floating bodies. A plurality of defoaming needles are arranged on the cylindrical floating bodies. Each two cylindrical floating bodies are connected by a cable in an up-and-down structure to form a cylindrical floating body chain. The bottom end of the cylindrical floating body chain is fixed to the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device. The cylindrical floating body 113 has a capsule shape, and a plurality of defoaming needles 111 arranged in a horizontal radial pattern are installed on its cylindrical surface. The cable 114 between each two cylindrical floating bodies is made of a long circular cable structure (or called a long ring cable structure) made of thin metal wire; the swing bubble sweeper of this embodiment is arranged between two adjacent guide plates and fixed to the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device, and swings with the hot water flow between the two guide plates. Eliminate the bubbles or vapor films formed on the inner cylinder wall of the water jacket. Improve the cooling effect of the furnace body wall surface.

Claims

1. A furnace body cooling device for a coal gasifier, comprising a furnace body (1) for gasifying raw coal, characterized in that: The top of the furnace body is provided with a raw coal inlet pipe section (2), the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an ash discharge outlet, and the middle of the furnace body is provided with a gasification reaction furnace chamber (4); the bottom end of the raw coal inlet pipe section is connected to a conical coal distribution section (3), and a coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is arranged on the conical coal distribution section. One side of the coal distribution section cooling water jacket device is provided with a first water supply pipe joint (302), and the other side is provided with a steam outlet pipe of the coal distribution section; a furnace body cooling water jacket device is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body. One side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided with a second water supply pipe joint (102), and the other side of the furnace body cooling water jacket device is provided with a steam outlet pipe of the furnace body; the steam outlet pipe of the coal distribution section and the steam outlet pipe of the furnace body are communicated with a steam collecting chamber (5) at the top of the furnace body, and the steam collecting chamber at the top of the furnace body is communicated with a steam collector (7) through a steam rising pipe (6); a steam output pipe joint is arranged on the steam collector, and the steam output pipe joint is communicated with a gasifying agent pipe inlet (801) at the bottom of the furnace body through a steam supply pipe (8), and the other end of the gasifying agent pipe extends into the gasification reaction furnace chamber; a cooling water outlet pipe joint and a makeup water pipe joint are arranged at the bottom of the steam collector, and the cooling water outlet pipe joint is communicated with the first water supply pipe joint (302) and the second water supply pipe joint (102) respectively through a cooling water distribution pipe (9); the cooling water also enters the grate drive cooling pipeline through the third water supply pipe joint (103) through the cooling water distribution pipe (9) to cool the grate drive device. The furnace body cooling water jacket device includes a water jacket outer cylinder wall, a water jacket inner cylinder wall, a second water supply pipe joint (102), and a steam outlet pipe; the water jacket inner cylinder wall is a part of the outer wall of the furnace body; a plurality of flow guide plates are arranged between the water jacket outer cylinder wall and the water jacket inner cylinder wall, and a swinging bubble sweeper is arranged between two adjacent flow guide plates. The swinging bubble sweeper includes a plurality of spherical floating bodies, and a plurality of defoaming needles are arranged on the spherical floating bodies. Two adjacent spherical floating bodies are connected by a cable in an up-and-down structure to form a spherical floating body chain, and the bottom end of the spherical floating body chain is fixed at the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device. Or The swinging bubble sweeper includes a plurality of cylindrical floating bodies, and a plurality of defoaming needles are arranged on the cylindrical floating bodies. Two adjacent cylindrical floating bodies are connected by a cable in an up-and-down structure to form a cylindrical floating body chain, and the bottom end of the cylindrical floating body chain is fixed at the bottom of the furnace body cooling water jacket device.

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