A kind of microplastic classification and collection device
Through the design of multi-stage filter mesh and drive mechanism, the problem of filter hole blockage in the microplastic collection device is solved, the collection efficiency is improved, and the automation and efficiency of the device are improved through the self-energy supply mechanism.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202010249002.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing microplastic collection devices are prone to clogging of filter holes, resulting in low collection efficiency.
A flight-style microplastic grading acquisition device is designed, adopting a multi-stage filter mesh structure and driving mechanism to avoid microplastic clogging by adjusting the filter mesh gap size, and to improve the acquisition efficiency by using a tapered grille and storage mechanism.
It effectively avoids microplastic blockage, improves the flowability and collection efficiency of the filter, significantly enhances the acquisition effect of the microplastic, and improves the automation and efficiency of the device through the self-energy supply mechanism.
Smart Images
Figure CN111323264B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental pollution monitoring equipment and relates to a cruise-type microplastic classification and collection device. Background Art
[0002] Marine litter has become one of the major global environmental issues. Plastic is the main type of marine litter, and microplastics refer to a mixture of non-uniform plastic particles with particle sizes ranging from a few microns to a few millimeters and various shapes. Microplastics in the ocean are vividly called "PM2.5" in the sea. Microplastics in the ocean can be divided into two sources: "primary" microplastics and "secondary" microplastics. "Primary" microplastics refer to plastic particles that are tiny during production and can be used directly as products or raw materials, such as plastic raw materials for detergents, facial cleansers, industrial abrasives, exfoliants, medicines and textiles. "Secondary" microplastics refer to small plastic particles that are broken down layer by layer by physical, chemical or biological effects in the natural environment from large pieces of marine plastic pollutants. Motor vehicle tire wear, land-based plastic waste and paint are the three main sources of microplastic pollution in the European marine environment. The biggest feature of microplastics is that they are small in size and huge in number, and are very easy to be ingested by a series of marine organisms such as marine plankton, benthic organisms, fish, seabirds, marine mammals, and turtles. What scientists are worried about is that through the food chain, these microplastics ingested by marine organisms will eventually enter the top of the food chain - the human body, threatening human health.
[0003] In the prior art, the application number is 201820220756.0, "A nested multi-size microplastic sample synchronous collector", which sets a microplastic collection device with a multi-stage continuously nested mesh bag structure, and uses mesh bag bodies with different filter aperture sizes between each stage to collect microplastic particles of various particle sizes in a certain amount of water at one time. Improve the collection and analysis efficiency. However, in the actual process, microplastic particles easily clog the filter holes, causing the fluidity of the water in the device to be greatly reduced, which seriously affects the collection efficiency of microplastics. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology and propose a cruise-type microplastic grading and collection device. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to avoid clogging of the filter holes and improve the collection efficiency of microplastics.
[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical solutions: A walking microplastic classification and collection device, comprising:
[0006] A housing, a fixing frame is fixed on the housing, a long strip-shaped limiting hole is opened on the lower side of the housing in the front-to-back direction, a lower slider is slidably arranged in the limiting hole, and a driving mechanism capable of driving the lower slider to slide forward and backward is arranged on the housing;
[0007] A first fixed cylinder, which is fixed to the lower side of the housing via a first connecting arm, a first mounting ring is detachably connected to the rear end of the first fixed cylinder, a first mounting frame is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting ring, and a first filter screen is arranged on the first mounting frame;
[0008] The second fixed cylinder is coaxially arranged with the first fixed cylinder and slides back and forth on the outer wall of the first fixed cylinder. The second fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower slider via a second connecting arm. A second mounting ring is detachably connected to the rear end of the second fixed cylinder. A second mounting frame is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the second mounting ring. A second filter screen is arranged on the second mounting frame. The filtering aperture of the second filter screen is smaller than that of the first filter screen.
[0009] In the above-mentioned mobile microplastic grading and collection device, a third fixed cylinder is fixedly provided on the lower side of the shell via a third connecting arm, the third fixed cylinder is coaxially arranged with the second fixed cylinder, and the outer wall of the second fixed cylinder is slidably connected with the inner wall of the third fixed cylinder, a third mounting ring is detachably connected to the rear end of the third fixed cylinder, a third mounting frame is fixedly provided at the rear end of the third mounting ring, a third filter net is provided on the third mounting frame, and the filtering aperture of the third filter net is smaller than the filtering aperture of the second filter net.
[0010] In the above-mentioned mobile microplastic grading and collection device, a conical grille with its top facing forward is detachably connected to the front end of the first fixed cylinder, and the conical grille has a filtering aperture larger than the filtering aperture of the first filter screen.
[0011] In the above-mentioned cruise-type microplastic grading and collection device, the first filter net, the second filter net and the third filter net are all conical in shape, and the bottoms of the first filter net, the second filter net and the third filter net are all arranged backwards.
[0012] In the above-mentioned mobile microplastic grading and collection device, the bottoms of the first mounting frame, the second mounting frame and the third mounting frame are each provided with a positioning hole, the bottoms of the first filter net, the second filter net and the third filter net are each provided with a through hole, and the inner wall of each positioning hole is detachably connected to a storage mechanism capable of storing microplastics.
[0013] In the above-mentioned walking microplastic grading and collection device, the driving mechanism includes a pivot rotatably arranged in the left and right directions of the shell, the two ends of the pivot respectively extend out of the left and right sides of the shell and a first impeller is fixed on the end, and an oblong sliding frame is arranged in the shell for sliding back and forth, and the lower side surface of the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the lower sliding block. When the pivot rotates, the sliding frame is driven to slide back and forth through the transmission mechanism.
[0014] In the above-mentioned mobile microplastic grading and collection device, a baffle mounting ring is detachably connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring, and a plurality of support frames are fixed on the baffle mounting ring. Each of the support frames is fixed with a baffle, and the baffle is inclined, and the lower edge of the baffle faces the bottom of the third filter.
[0015] In the above-mentioned walking microplastic grading and collection device, the storage mechanism includes a storage cylinder, which is installed in a positioning hole. The front end of the storage cylinder has an opening, and the storage cylinder is axially and upwardly rotatably provided with a rotating shaft. The rear end of the rotating shaft is rotatably provided on the bottom of the storage cylinder, the front end of the rotating shaft extends out of the opening of the storage cylinder and a second impeller is coaxially fixed to the end, and spiral impellers are provided on the rotating shaft and the impellers are located in the storage cylinder.
[0016] In the above-mentioned microplastic grading and collection device, the transmission mechanism includes an incomplete gear coaxially fixed on a pivot, and the upper and lower sides of the sliding frame are respectively provided with an upper rack and a lower rack. When the pivot rotates, the incomplete gear is staggered and meshed with the upper rack and the lower rack.
[0017] In the above-mentioned cruise-type microplastic grading and collection device, the outer wall of the third mounting ring has an external thread, the inner wall of the baffle mounting ring has an internal thread, and the baffle mounting ring is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, this device has the following advantages:
[0019] 1. The water flows through the first filter and the second filter in sequence to filter out the microplastics. When the driving mechanism is started, the driving mechanism drives the second fixed cylinder to slide back and forth on the first fixed cylinder, and the second filter moves closer to and away from the first filter under the drive of the second fixed cylinder, so that the first gap formed between the second filter and the first filter increases and decreases. Since the filtration aperture of the first filter is larger than the filtration aperture of the second filter, the resistance encountered by the water flow through the second filter is greater than the resistance encountered by the water flow through the first filter.
[0020] Therefore, when the second filter is away from the first filter, the first gap increases, and the movement of the second filter forms a suction effect, so that part of the water passes through the second filter and enters the first gap, so that the microplastics attached to the second filter are detached, and the microplastics are prevented from clogging the filter holes of the second filter. Under the action of the suction, the water in the first fixed cylinder is accelerated to pass through the first filter and enter the first gap, so that the amount of water in the first gap is greatly increased, and the filtering efficiency of the first filter is effectively improved;
[0021] When the second filter mesh approaches the first filter mesh, the first gap is reduced, and the movement of the second filter mesh squeezes the water in the first gap, so that a small part of the water is discharged through the second filter mesh, while most of the water is discharged into the first fixed cylinder through the first filter mesh. The water flow washes the microplastics attached to the first filter mesh, so that the microplastics are separated from the first filter mesh, thereby preventing the microplastics from clogging the filter holes of the first filter mesh;
[0022] In the above process, due to the forward and backward movement of the second filter, microplastics are not easily attached to the first filter and the second filter, thus preventing microplastics from clogging the filter holes of the first filter and the second filter, and water can also smoothly pass through the first filter and the second filter, thereby greatly improving the fluidity of the water in the device, significantly increasing the filtering efficiency of the first filter and the second filter, and thus significantly improving the efficiency of the device in collecting microplastics. In addition, the flow rate of external water decreases after passing through the first filter, which helps to reduce the resistance of the second filter when it moves forward and backward.
[0023] 2. The setting of the third filter helps to further screen out microplastics with smaller sizes. A second gap is formed between the third filter and the second filter. The resistance of water passing through the third filter is greater than the resistance of water passing through the second filter. When the second filter is close to the third filter, the second gap decreases, and the first gap increases. At this time, part of the water in the second gap enters the first gap through the second filter and flushes the microplastics attached to the second filter, and part of it is discharged to the outside through the filter holes of the third filter; when the second filter is away from the third filter, the second gap increases, and the first gap decreases. Part of the water in the first gap enters the second gap through the second filter, and the outside water enters the second gap through the filter holes of the third filter, so that the microplastics in the second gap are not easy to attach to the third filter, and the filter holes of the third filter are prevented from being blocked. Due to the forward and backward movement of the second filter, microplastics are not easy to attach to the first filter, the second filter and the third filter, which further improves the fluidity of the water in the device and effectively improves the efficiency of collecting microplastics in the device.
[0024] 3. The setting of the conical grille helps to keep larger garbage out of the first fixed cylinder, and the garbage moves out of the device along the outer wall of the conical grille under the action of water flow, thereby avoiding the garbage from accumulating on the conical grille.
[0025] 4. When the fixed frame is installed on the boom, the first impeller is located on the sea surface, and the device moves forward driven by the hull. The first impeller drives the pivot to rotate due to the impact of waves. The pivot drives the sliding frame to slide forward and backward through the transmission mechanism, and the sliding frame drives the lower slider, which drives the second fixed cylinder to slide forward and backward through the second connecting arm. The device converts wave energy into mechanical energy for the second fixed cylinder and the second filter to move forward and backward, realizing the self-power supply of the device.
[0026] 5. The second impeller converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy for the rotation of the shaft, thus realizing the self-power supply of the storage mechanism. The shaft drives the spiral discharge blades to rotate, and the discharge blades discharge the microplastics outside the storage cylinder into the storage cylinder. This structure helps to collect and store the microplastics on the bottom of the first filter, the second filter, and the third filter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.
[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing frame of the present invention installed on the hull.
[0030] In the figure, 1, first fixed cylinder; 11, first slide groove; 12, first internal thread; 13, first connecting arm; 14, conical grille; 141, first threaded sleeve; 15, second internal thread; 16, hull; 17, hanging arm; 2, first mounting ring; 21, second threaded sleeve; 22, first filter; 23, first mounting frame; 3, second fixed cylinder; 31, first slider; 32, second slide groove; 321, third internal thread; 33, second connecting arm; 4, second mounting ring; 41, third threaded sleeve; 42, second filter; 43, second mounting frame; 44, first gap; 5, shell; 51, limit hole; 52, lower slider; 5 3. Sliding frame slide groove; 54. Upper slider; 55. Fixed frame; 6. Sliding frame; 61. Pivot; 62. Incomplete gear; 63. Upper rack; 64. Lower rack; 65. Arc plate; 66. First impeller; 7. Third fixed cylinder; 71. Third slider; 72. Fourth internal thread; 73. Third connecting arm; 8. Third mounting ring; 81. Fourth threaded sleeve; 82. Third filter screen; 83. Third mounting frame; 84. Baffle mounting ring; 85. Support frame; 86. Baffle; 87. Second gap; 9. Storage mechanism; 91. Storage cylinder; 92. Second impeller; 93. Rotating shaft; 94. Blade row; 95. Positioning hole; 96. Through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0032] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , a walking microplastic classification and collection device, comprising:
[0033] A housing 5, wherein a fixing frame 55 is fixedly disposed on the housing 5, and a long strip-shaped limiting hole 51 is opened on the lower side of the housing 5 in the front-to-back direction, and a lower slider 52 is slidably disposed in the limiting hole 51, and a driving mechanism capable of driving the lower slider 52 to slide forward and backward is disposed on the housing 5;
[0034] A first fixed cylinder 1 is fixed to the lower side of the housing 5 via a first connecting arm 13. The axis of the first fixed cylinder 1 is parallel to the lower side of the housing 5. A first mounting ring 2 is detachably connected to the rear end of the first fixed cylinder 1. A first mounting frame 23 is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting ring 2. A first filter screen 22 is provided on the first mounting frame 23. The filter aperture of the first filter screen 22 is less than 5 mm, for example, 3 mm.
[0035] The second fixed cylinder 3 is coaxially arranged with the first fixed cylinder 1 and is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the first fixed cylinder 1 forward and backward. The second fixed cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the lower slider 52 via the second connecting arm 33. A second mounting ring 4 is detachably connected to the rear end of the second fixed cylinder 3. A second mounting frame 43 is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the second mounting ring 4. A second filter screen 42 is arranged on the second mounting frame 43. The filtering holes of the second filter screen 42 are smaller than the filtering holes of the first filter screen 22. For example, the filtering hole diameter of the second filter screen 42 is 1 mm.
[0036] The fixing frame 55 is installed on the boom 17 of the hull 16. When the hull 16 moves forward, the fixing frame 55 drives the housing 5 and the first fixed cylinder 1 to move forward, and the water flows through the first filter screen 22 and the second filter screen 42 in sequence, so that the microplastics are filtered out. When the driving mechanism is started, the driving mechanism drives the second fixed cylinder 3 to slide back and forth on the first fixed cylinder 1, and the second filter screen 42 is driven by the second fixed cylinder 3 to approach and move away from the first filter screen 22, so that the first gap 44 formed between the second filter screen 42 and the first filter screen 22 increases and decreases. Since the filter aperture of the first filter screen 22 is larger than the filter aperture of the second filter screen 42, the resistance encountered by the water flow through the second filter screen 42 is greater than the resistance encountered by the water flow through the first filter screen 22.
[0037] Therefore, when the second filter 42 is away from the first filter 22, the first gap 44 increases, and the movement of the second filter 42 forms a suction effect, so that a portion of water passes through the second filter 42 and enters the first gap 44, so that the microplastics attached to the second filter 42 are detached, and the microplastics are prevented from clogging the filter holes of the second filter 42. Under the action of the suction, the water in the first fixed cylinder 1 is accelerated to pass through the first filter 22 and enter the first gap 44, so that the amount of water in the first gap 44 is greatly increased, and the filtering efficiency of the first filter 22 is effectively improved;
[0038] When the second filter 42 approaches the first filter 22, the first gap 44 is reduced, and the movement of the second filter 42 squeezes the water in the first gap 44, so that a small part of the water is discharged through the second filter 42, while most of the water is discharged into the first fixed cylinder 1 through the first filter 22. The water flow flushes the microplastics attached to the first filter 22, so that the microplastics are separated from the first filter 22, thereby preventing the microplastics from clogging the filter holes of the first filter 22;
[0039] In the above process, due to the forward and backward movement of the second filter 42, microplastics are not easy to adhere to the first filter 22 and the second filter 42, so that the microplastics are prevented from clogging the filter holes of the first filter 22 and the second filter 42, and the water flow can also smoothly pass through the first filter 22 and the second filter 42, thereby greatly improving the fluidity of the water in the device, significantly increasing the filtering efficiency of the first filter 22 and the second filter 42, and thus significantly improving the efficiency of the device in collecting microplastics. In addition, the flow rate of the external water decreases after passing through the first filter 22, which helps to reduce the resistance of the second filter 42 when it moves forward and backward.
[0040] Furthermore, first slide grooves 11 are respectively opened on the upper and lower edges of the rear end of the first fixed cylinder 1 along the length direction, and first sliders 31 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower edges of the front end of the second fixed cylinder 3, and each of the first sliders 31 is slidably set on a first slide groove 11; a first internal thread 12 is provided on the inner wall of the rear end of the first fixed cylinder 1, a second threaded sleeve 21 is fixed on the front edge of the first mounting ring 2, the second threaded sleeve 21 protrudes from the outer wall of the first mounting ring 2, and the second threaded sleeve 21 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the first fixed cylinder 1 through the first internal thread 12. At this time, the outer wall of the first mounting ring 2 is located between the bottom of the first slide groove 11 and the inner wall of the second fixed cylinder 3.
[0041] The second fixed cylinder 3 slides forward and backward on the first fixed cylinder 1 via the first slider 31, and due to the arrangement of the first mounting ring 2, the first slider 31 will not slide out from the rear end of the first slider 31. At the same time, this structure also facilitates the installation and removal of the first filter screen 22, the second fixed cylinder 3 and the first fixed cylinder 1.
[0042] Furthermore, a third internal thread 321 is provided on the inner wall at the rear end of the second fixed tube 3, a third threaded sleeve 41 is fixed on the front end edge of the second mounting ring 4, the third threaded sleeve 41 protrudes from the outer wall of the second mounting ring 4, and the third threaded sleeve 41 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the second fixed tube 3 via the third internal thread 321.
[0043] This structure facilitates the installation and removal of the second installation ring 4 and the second fixing cylinder 3 .
[0044] Specifically, a third fixed cylinder 7 is fixedly provided on the lower side surface of the shell 5 via a third connecting arm 73. The third fixed cylinder 7 is coaxially arranged with the second fixed cylinder 3, and the outer wall of the second fixed cylinder 3 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the third fixed cylinder 7. A third mounting ring 8 is detachably connected to the rear end of the third fixed cylinder 7. A third mounting frame 83 is fixedly provided at the rear end of the third mounting ring 8. A third filter screen 82 is provided on the third mounting frame 83. The filtering aperture of the third filter screen 83 is smaller than the filtering aperture of the second filter screen 42. For example, the filtering aperture of the third filter screen 83 is 0.5 mm.
[0045] The third filter 82 is provided to further screen out the microplastics with smaller size. A second gap 87 is formed between the third filter 82 and the second filter 42. The resistance of water passing through the third filter 82 is greater than the resistance of water passing through the second filter 42.
[0046] When the second filter 42 is close to the third filter 82, the second gap 87 is reduced, and the first gap 44 is increased. At this time, part of the water in the second gap 87 passes through the second filter 42 into the first gap 44 and washes the microplastics attached to the second filter 42, and part of the water is discharged to the outside through the filter holes of the third filter 83;
[0047] When the second filter 42 moves away from the third filter 82, the second gap 87 increases and the first gap 44 decreases. A portion of the water in the first gap 44 enters the second gap 87 through the second filter 42, and the outside water enters the second gap 87 through the filter holes of the third filter 83, so that the microplastics in the second gap 87 are not easily attached to the third filter 82, thereby avoiding clogging of the filter holes of the third filter 83.
[0048] Due to the forward and backward movement of the second filter 42, microplastics are not easily attached to the first filter 22, the second filter 42 and the third filter 82, which further improves the fluidity of water in the device and effectively improves the efficiency of the device in collecting microplastics.
[0049] Further, second slide grooves 32 are respectively provided on the upper and lower edges of the rear end of the second fixed cylinder 2 along the length direction, and third sliders 71 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower edges of the front end of the third fixed cylinder 7, and each of the third sliders 71 is slidably arranged on a second slide groove 32; a third threaded sleeve 41 protrudes from the outer wall of the second mounting ring 4, and when the second mounting ring 4 is mounted on the rear end of the second fixed cylinder 3, the outer wall of the second mounting ring 4 is located between the inner wall of the third fixed cylinder 7 and the bottom of the second slide groove 32;
[0050] Since the third fixed cylinder 7 is fixed below the housing 5, the third sliding block 71 slides on a second sliding groove 32 during the forward and backward sliding of the second fixed cylinder 3. The outer wall of the second mounting ring 4 prevents the third sliding block 71 from sliding out of the second sliding groove 32.
[0051] Furthermore, a fourth threaded sleeve 81 is fixedly provided on the front edge of the third mounting ring 8 , and a fourth internal thread 72 is provided on the inner wall of the rear end of the third fixing tube 7 . The fourth threaded sleeve 81 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the third fixing tube 7 via the fourth internal thread 72 .
[0052] This structure facilitates installation and removal of the third mounting ring 8 on the third fixing cylinder 7 .
[0053] Specifically, a conical grille 14 with its top facing forward is detachably connected to the front end of the first fixed cylinder 1 , and the filter aperture of the conical grille 14 is larger than the filter aperture of the first filter screen 22 , for example, the filter aperture of the conical grille 14 is 6 mm.
[0054] The provision of the conical grille 14 helps to keep larger garbage out of the first fixed cylinder 1 , and the garbage moves out of the device along the outer wall of the conical grille 14 under the action of the water flow, thereby preventing the garbage from accumulating on the conical grille 14 .
[0055] Furthermore, a second internal thread 15 is provided on the inner wall of the front end of the first fixed tube 1 , a first threaded sleeve 141 is fixed on the edge of the conical grille 14 , and the first threaded sleeve 141 is threadedly connected to the first fixed tube 1 via the second internal thread 15 .
[0056] This structure facilitates installation and removal of the conical grille 14 on the first fixing cylinder 1 .
[0057] Specifically, the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82 are all conical in shape, and the bottoms of the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82 are all arranged backwards.
[0058] When the water in the first gap 44 flows into the first fixed cylinder 1 through the first filter screen 22, the water flow washes the microplastics attached to the first filter screen 22 and moves them to the middle of the first filter screen 22. These microplastics that have separated from the first filter screen 22 are driven by the external water to approach and accumulate at the bottom of the first filter screen 22, thereby greatly reducing the microplastics on the peripheral wall of the first filter screen 22 and helping water to pass through the first filter screen 22.
[0059] Due to the forward and backward movement of the second filter 42 , microplastics are not easily attached to the second filter 42 and the third filter 82 . Driven by the water flow, the microplastics move along the inner walls of the second filter 42 and the third filter 82 to the bottom of the first filter 22 .
[0060] This structure allows microplastics to automatically accumulate on the bottom of the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82 under the drive of the water flow, further improving the efficiency of the device in collecting microplastics.
[0061] Specifically, the first mounting frame 23 matches the first filter screen 22, the second mounting frame 43 matches the second filter screen 42, and the third mounting frame 83 matches the third filter screen 82. The bottoms of the first mounting frame 23, the second mounting frame 43 and the third mounting frame 83 are all provided with positioning holes 95, and the bottoms of the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82 have through holes 96, and the positioning holes 95 are all detachably connected to storage mechanisms 9 that can store microplastics.
[0062] The storage mechanism 9 is used to collect microplastics on the bottom of the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82, further improving the efficiency of the device in collecting microplastics.
[0063] Specifically, the driving mechanism includes a pivot 61 rotatably arranged in the left and right directions of the shell 5, the two ends of the pivot 61 extend out from the left and right sides of the shell 5 respectively and the first impeller 66 is fixedly provided on the end portions, an oval sliding frame 6 is slidably arranged in the shell 5 forward and backward, an elongated sliding frame groove 53 is opened in the inner wall of the shell 5 in the forward and backward directions, the sliding frame groove 53 corresponds to the limiting hole 51, an upper slider 54 is fixedly provided on the upper side surface of the sliding frame 6, the upper slider 54 is slidably arranged in the sliding frame groove 53, the lower side surface of the sliding frame 6 is fixedly connected to the lower slider 52, and when the pivot 61 rotates, the sliding frame 6 is driven to slide forward and backward through the transmission mechanism.
[0064] When the fixing frame 55 is installed on the boom 17, the first impeller 66 is located on the sea surface, and the device moves forward driven by the hull 16. The first impeller 66 drives the pivot 61 to rotate due to the impact of waves. The pivot 61 drives the sliding frame 6 to slide forward and backward through the transmission mechanism, and the sliding frame 6 drives the lower slider 52, and the lower slider 52 drives the second fixing cylinder 3 to slide forward and backward through the second connecting arm 33. The device converts wave energy into mechanical energy for the second fixing cylinder 3 and the second filter screen 42 to move forward and backward, thereby realizing the self-power supply of the device.
[0065] Specifically, a baffle mounting ring 84 is detachably connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring 8, and a plurality of support frames 85 are fixedly provided on the baffle mounting ring 84. Each of the support frames 85 is fixedly provided with a baffle 86. The baffle 86 is inclined, and the lower edge of the baffle 86 faces the bottom of the third filter screen 82.
[0066] After the water flow hits the baffle 86 , the water flow flushes the third filter 82 under the reaction of the baffle 86 , so that the microplastics attached to the third filter 82 are detached, further reducing the probability of microplastics clogging the filter holes of the third filter 83 .
[0067] Specifically, the storage mechanism 9 includes a storage cylinder 91, which is installed in a positioning hole 95. The front end of the storage cylinder 91 has an opening, and the opening of the storage cylinder 91 is connected to the through hole 96. The storage cylinder 91 is axially rotatably provided with a rotating shaft 93, and the rear end of the rotating shaft 93 is rotatably provided on the bottom of the storage cylinder 91. The front end of the rotating shaft 93 extends out of the opening of the storage cylinder 91 and a second impeller 92 is coaxially fixed to the end. The rotating shaft 93 is provided with spiral row blades 94 and the row blades 94 are located in the storage cylinder 91.
[0068] The second impeller 92 converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy for the rotation of the rotating shaft 93, thereby realizing the self-power supply of the storage mechanism 9. The rotating shaft 93 drives the spiral discharge blades 94 to rotate, and the discharge blades 94 discharge the microplastics outside the storage cylinder 91 into the storage cylinder 91. This structure helps to collect and store the microplastics on the bottom of the first filter screen 22, the second filter screen 42 and the third filter screen 82.
[0069] Specifically, the transmission mechanism includes an incomplete gear 62 coaxially fixed on the pivot 61, and the upper and lower sides of the sliding frame 6 are respectively provided with an upper rack 63 and a lower rack 64, and the left and right ends of the upper rack 63 and the lower rack 64 are respectively fixed with an arc plate 65. When the pivot 61 rotates, the incomplete gear 62 is staggered and meshed with the upper rack 63 and the lower rack 64.
[0070] The pivot 61 drives the incomplete gear 62 to rotate. When the incomplete gear 62 is meshed with the upper rack 63, the incomplete gear 62 does not contact the lower rack 64. At this time, the incomplete gear 62 drives the sliding frame 6 to slide via the upper rack 63; when the incomplete gear 62 is meshed with the lower rack 64, the incomplete gear 62 does not contact the upper rack 63. At this time, the incomplete gear 62 drives the sliding frame 6 to slide in the opposite direction via the lower rack 64. Through this structure, the wave energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the second fixed cylinder 3 and the second filter screen 42 moving forward and backward, further realizing the self-power supply of the device.
[0071] Specifically, the outer wall of the third mounting ring 8 has an external thread, the inner wall of the baffle mounting ring 84 has an internal thread, and the baffle mounting ring 84 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring 8 .
[0072] This structure facilitates the installation of the baffle mounting ring 84 on the outer wall of the third mounting ring 8 .
[0073] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A microplastic classification and collection device, characterized in that: include: A housing (5), wherein a fixing frame (55) is fixedly provided on the housing (5), a long strip-shaped limiting hole (51) is provided on the lower side surface of the housing (5) in the front-to-back direction, a lower sliding block (52) is slidably provided in the limiting hole (51), and a driving mechanism capable of driving the lower sliding block (52) to slide forward and backward is provided in the housing (5); A first fixed cylinder (1) fixed to the lower side of the housing (5) via a first connecting arm (13); a first mounting ring (2) is detachably connected to the rear end of the first fixed cylinder (1); a first mounting frame (23) is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting ring (2); a first filter screen (22) is provided on the first mounting frame (23); a second fixed cylinder (3) which is coaxially arranged with the first fixed cylinder (1) and slides forward and backward on the outer wall of the first fixed cylinder (1); the second fixed cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the lower slide block (52) via a second connecting arm (33); a second mounting ring (4) is detachably connected to the rear end of the second fixed cylinder (3); a second mounting frame (43) is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the second mounting ring (4); a second filter screen (42) is arranged on the second mounting frame (43); a filter aperture of the second filter screen (42) is smaller than a filter aperture of the first filter screen (22); A third fixed cylinder (7) is fixedly provided on the lower side surface of the shell (5) via a third connecting arm (73); the third fixed cylinder (7) is coaxially arranged with the second fixed cylinder (3); the outer wall of the second fixed cylinder (3) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the third fixed cylinder (7); a third mounting ring (8) is detachably connected to the rear end of the third fixed cylinder (7); a third mounting frame (83) is fixedly provided at the rear end of the third mounting ring (8); a third filter screen (82) is provided on the third mounting frame (83); a filter aperture of the third filter screen (82) is smaller than a filter aperture of the second filter screen (42); A conical grille (14) with its top end facing forward is detachably connected to the front end of the first fixed cylinder (1), wherein the conical grille (14) has a filtering aperture larger than the filtering aperture of the first filtering screen (22); The first filter screen (22), the second filter screen (42) and the third filter screen (82) are all conical in shape, and the bottoms of the first filter screen (22), the second filter screen (42) and the third filter screen (82) are all arranged backwards; A baffle mounting ring (84) is detachably connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring (8), a plurality of support frames (85) are fixedly mounted on the baffle mounting ring (84), each of the support frames (85) is fixedly mounted with a baffle (86), the baffle (86) being arranged obliquely, and the lower edge of the baffle (86) faces the bottom of the third filter screen (82).
2. A cruise-type microplastic classification and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mounting frame (23), the second mounting frame (43) and the third mounting frame (83) are each provided with a positioning hole (95) at their bottoms, the first filter screen (22), the second filter screen (42) and the third filter screen (82) are each provided with a through hole (96) at their bottoms, and a storage mechanism (9) capable of storing microplastics is detachably connected to the inner wall of each positioning hole (95).
3. A cruise-type microplastic classification and collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a pivot shaft (61) rotatably arranged in the left-right direction of the housing (5), the two ends of the pivot shaft (61) respectively extending out of the left and right sides of the housing (5) and the ends are both fixedly provided with a first impeller (66), a waist-shaped sliding frame (6) is slidably arranged in the housing (5) back and forth, the lower side surface of the sliding frame (6) is fixedly connected to the lower sliding block (52), and when the pivot shaft (61) rotates, the sliding frame (6) is driven to slide back and forth via the transmission mechanism.
4. The microplastic classification and collection device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The storage mechanism (9) comprises a storage cylinder (91), the storage cylinder (91) being installed in a positioning hole (95), the front end of the storage cylinder (91) having an opening, the storage cylinder (91) being provided with a rotating shaft (93) rotatably arranged axially upward, the rear end of the rotating shaft (93) being rotatably arranged on the bottom of the storage cylinder (91), the front end of the rotating shaft (93) extending out of the opening of the storage cylinder (91) and the end of the rotating shaft being coaxially fixed with a second impeller (92), the rotating shaft (93) being provided with spiral discharge blades (94), and the discharge blades (94) being located in the storage cylinder (91).
5. The microplastic classification and collection device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The transmission mechanism comprises an incomplete gear (62) coaxially fixed on a pivot (61); the upper and lower sides of the sliding frame (6) are respectively provided with an upper rack (63) and a lower rack (64); when the pivot (61) rotates, the incomplete gear (62) is staggered and meshed with the upper rack (63) and the lower rack (64).
6. The microplastic classification and collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the third mounting ring (8) has an external thread, the inner wall of the baffle mounting ring (84) has an internal thread, and the baffle mounting ring (84) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the third mounting ring (8).