Electronic intelligent geological compass and method for measuring rock mass occurrence using the compass

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electronic intelligent geological compass, including a measuring host and a measuring plate; the measuring plate is attached to the lower surface of the measuring host and is integrated through a connecting shaft hinge arranged at any angular position; the measuring host is provided with a tendency indicating mechanism and a tendency and inclination angle measuring unit powered by a built-in power supply. The electronic intelligent geological compass prepared by the present invention has an ingenious structure, comprehensive functions, simple operation, and convenient carrying. It can solve the measurement of narrow and small attitude surfaces and difficult measurement surfaces, and can avoid the leveling link during measurement, quickly complete the measurement of inclination and inclination angles, and greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of geological measurement; combined with the mobile phone applet developed to match this product, it can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of rock masses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a geological compass used in field geological work, in particular to an electronic intelligent geological compass. The invention also relates to a method for measuring the occurrence of rock mass by using the geological compass. Background Art

[0002] The geological compass is an indispensable tool for field geological work. It can be used to quickly and accurately measure the dip angle of rock mass and provide the spatial position of the measuring point. Although there are many styles of geological compasses currently used, the basic structure is the same, consisting of a magnetic needle, a dial, an inclinometer, a sighting plate, a level and other parts installed in a copper, aluminum or wooden round basin.

[0003] When using the existing geological compass to measure the occurrence of rock masses, there are several problems: 1. When measuring the occurrence of rock masses from the back, due to the difficulty in measuring the position, there is a certain probability of error in reading the north and south needles; 2. When the outcropping of some rock occurrences is relatively narrow, it is difficult for the compass to measure; 3. When performing dip and inclination measurements, the bubble must be adjusted to the center, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and prone to misreading; 4. Manual measurement and recording takes a long time and is greatly affected by the environment; 5. The location of the measuring points is recorded with low accuracy and is mainly based on notes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic intelligent geological compass to address the defects of the prior art. The present invention also provides a method for measuring the occurrence of rock masses using the geological compass. Compared with the existing geological compass, the electronic intelligent geological compass of the present invention can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of geological measurement.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention can adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] The electronic intelligent geological compass of the present invention comprises a measuring host and a measuring board;

[0007] The measuring plate is attached to the lower surface of the measuring host and is integrated by a connecting shaft hinge arranged at any angular position;

[0008] The measuring host is provided with an inclination indicating mechanism and an inclination and inclination angle measuring unit powered by a built-in power supply.

[0009] The inclination indicating mechanism comprises an annular groove with a transparent upper cover provided on the upper surface of the measuring mainframe, the center of the annular groove being located on the central axis of the measuring mainframe, and an indicating ball being arranged in a rolling manner in the annular groove; strip-shaped contact switches are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring of the annular groove and the bottom of the groove at the intersection A of the central axis of the measuring mainframe and the annular groove away from the position of the connecting shaft, and an inclination dial with an annular scale indicating 0°~360° is arranged on the inner side of the annular groove; a transparent outer ball with an annular scale and a magnetic inner ball with a magnetic pole indication which are nested as one are arranged on the measuring mainframe located in the inclination dial.

[0010] The lower half of the transparent outer ball is embedded in the measuring main body in the inclination dial.

[0011] The magnetic inner sphere is filled with 1 / 2 volume of horizontal floating material, and a north-compassing mark is drawn on the outer surface of the upper semicircle of the magnetic inner sphere; and floating liquid is filled between the magnetic inner sphere and the transparent outer sphere.

[0012] The inclination and tilt angle measuring unit comprises a button module, a gyroscope module, a GPS module, a single chip microcomputer, a storage module, a display module and a Bluetooth module;

[0013] The button module includes a power button and a function setting button;

[0014] The gyroscope module is used to measure the rotation angle of the host around the three axes of X (east), Y (north), and Z (sky) and transmit it to the single chip microcomputer;

[0015] The GPS module is used to receive the location information of the measuring point and transmit it to the single chip microcomputer;

[0016] The single chip microcomputer is used to receive the numerical signal transmitted by the gyroscope module and calculate the value according to the preset calculation program, and at the same time receive the position information transmitted by the GPS module, and transmit the processed various information to the storage module, the display module and the Bluetooth module respectively;

[0017] The storage module is used to receive and store information from the single chip microcomputer;

[0018] The display module is used to display various information sent by the single chip microcomputer;

[0019] The Bluetooth module is used to receive information from the microcontroller and send it to an external Bluetooth receiving device (such as a mobile phone or a cloud survey terminal).

[0020] The gyroscope module adopts two sets of three-axis gyroscopes, a main set and an auxiliary set.

[0021] The measuring plate is a rectangular structure having the same size as the lower surface of the measuring host.

[0022] The method for measuring rock mass occurrence using the electronic intelligent geological compass of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0023] S1. Place the measuring board

[0024] Place the measuring plate on the upper / lower side of the rock surface to be measured, or insert the measuring plate into the crack of the rock mass and place it close to the rock surface to be measured, keeping the spherical surface on the measuring host facing upwards;

[0025] S2. Visually measure the inclination and dip

[0026] The magnetic inner ball is automatically leveled and indicates the north direction due to the buoyancy and geomagnetic effects. Turn the inclination dial to make the 0° scale point coincide with the direction of the arrow of the north mark on the magnetic inner ball. The inclination indicating ball rolls around the annular groove to the lowest point under the action of gravity. The scale indicated by the inclination indicating ball is the inclination of the rock mass occurrence by visual observation. The magnetic inner ball remains horizontal under the action of buoyancy. The angle between the plane of the measuring host and the horizontal plane is the inclination of the rock mass occurrence. The angle can be visually observed through the angle indicated by the highest circular scale of the black and white intersection line of the magnetic inner ball and the concentric circular scale on the upper part of the transparent outer ball.

[0027] S3. Electronic measurement, recording and calculation

[0028] Press the power button and the inclination measurement unit starts working.

[0029] The main and auxiliary three-axis gyroscopes in the measuring host will measure the attitude deflection angle and calculate the inclination angle based on the measurement data of the main gyroscope;

[0030] The measuring host rotates along the connecting axis. When the inclination indicating ball stops at point "A" of the measuring host, the measurement and recording of inclination is triggered. At the same time, the position information of the measuring point is measured and recorded through the GPS component. The inclination angle and inclination position information are displayed on the LCD screen.

[0031] S4. Review results

[0032] Compare the results on the LCD screen with the visual inclination and tilt results. When the error is less than the allowable value, the circuit automatically records the inclination, tilt, longitude and latitude data of the measuring point. If the two results are very different, the function key can be used to clear the recorded data and re-measure.

[0033] The electronic intelligent geological compass prepared by the present invention has an ingenious structure, comprehensive functions, simple operation, and is easy to carry. It can solve the measurement of narrow and small attitude surfaces and difficult measuring surfaces. It can avoid the leveling link during measurement and quickly complete the measurement of inclination and dip angles, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of geological measurement. Combined with the mobile phone applet developed to match this product, it can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of the rock mass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional structure diagram.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a circuit principle block diagram of the tendency measurement unit of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4-1 , Figure 4-2 This is a simplified diagram for deriving the measurement principle of the tendency measurement unit of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0039] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the electronic intelligent geological compass of the present invention comprises a measuring mainframe of a rectangular structure and a rectangular measuring plate 1 of the same size as the lower surface of the measuring mainframe; the measuring plate 1 is attached to the lower surface of the measuring mainframe and is hinged to the measuring mainframe through a connecting shaft 2 (bolts may be used) arranged at the lower right corner. When working, the measuring plate 1 can rotate around the connecting shaft 2; the measuring mainframe is provided with an inclination indicating mechanism and an inclination and dip measuring unit powered by a built-in power supply 3 (rechargeable lithium battery).

[0040] The inclination indicating mechanism of the present invention comprises an annular groove 4 (inclination indicating track) provided on the upper surface of the measuring mainframe with a transparent upper cover, the center of the annular groove 4 is located on the central axis i of the measuring mainframe, an inclination indicating ball 5 is arranged in a rolling manner in the annular groove 4, a strip-shaped contact switch is arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring of the annular groove and the bottom of the groove at the intersection A of the central axis i of the measuring mainframe and the annular groove 4 far away from the connecting shaft 2, and a mark 0°~360° is arranged on the inner side of the transparent upper cover of the annular groove 4 º An inclination dial 6 with an annular scale; a transparent outer ball 7 with an annular scale (depicted according to the inclination angle) and a magnetic inner ball 8 with a magnetic pole indication are arranged on the measuring main body located in the inclination dial 6, and the outer diameter of the transparent outer ball 7 is adapted to the inner diameter of the inclination dial 6, and the lower half of the transparent outer ball 7 is embedded in the measuring main body in the inclination dial 6; the magnetic inner ball 8 is filled with 1 / 2 volume (half a sphere) of horizontal floating material. In actual production, the horizontal floating material can be made of polypropylene plastic foam material (EPP), so that the magnetic inner ball 8 forms a black lower half circle and a white upper half circle. In actual production, the small magnetic rod in the magnetic inner ball 8 is horizontally embedded in the circular plane of the sphere, the center of the magnetic rod coincides with the center of the circle, the central plane of the sphere fits the magnetic rod, and a north mark line 9 is drawn on the outer surface of the upper half circle according to the direction of the magnetic rod north pole; methyl silicone oil floating liquid is filled between the magnetic inner ball 8 and the transparent outer ball 7.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the inclination measurement unit of the present invention includes a key module, a gyroscope module, a GPS module, a single chip microcomputer, a storage module, a display module and a Bluetooth module; specifically,

[0042] The button module includes a power button 10 and a function setting button 11;

[0043] The gyroscope module uses a mems low-power micro sensor to measure the rotation angle of the host around the three axes of X (east), Y (north), and Z (sky) and transmit it to the single-chip microcomputer; the gyroscope module of the present invention uses two sets of three-axis gyroscopes, main and auxiliary;

[0044] The GPS module is used to receive the location information of the measurement point and transmit it to the microcontroller;

[0045] The single chip microcomputer is used to receive the numerical signal transmitted by the gyroscope module and calculate the value according to the preset calculation program, and at the same time receive the position information transmitted by the GPS module, and transmit the processed various information to the storage module, display module and Bluetooth module respectively;

[0046] The storage module may adopt a random access memory (RAM) for receiving and storing information from the microcontroller;

[0047] The display module uses a low-power LCD screen 12 (placed on the upper surface of the measuring host) to display various information sent by the single-chip microcomputer;

[0048] The Bluetooth module is used to receive the information stored in the storage module and send it to an external Bluetooth receiving device such as a mobile phone.

[0049] The present invention realizes the measurement surface conversion through the mutually hinged (partially overlapped) measurement plate 1 and measurement main body, so as to realize the measurement of narrow and reverse rock mass surface through the measurement plate 1; the inclination indicating ball 5 rolling in the annular groove 4 on the measurement main body always stays at the lowest point of the annular groove 4 (inclination indicating track) according to the physical characteristics, and according to the definition of inclination and inclination angle, the line connecting the center of the annular groove 4 and the inclination indicating ball 5 is the inclination direction; the inclination dial 6 is rotated to make the 0 degree scale face the north point of the inclination indicating ball 5, and the reading of the inclination dial 6 by the inclination indicating ball 5 is the inclination angle; the lower half of the transparent outer ball 7 is embedded in the measurement main body in the inclination dial 6, and the circular annular angle scale located in the upper half is parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the measurement main body, and the inclination angle of the rock mass can be read through the angle indicated by the highest circular scale of the black and white intersection line of the magnetic inner ball 8 and the concentric circular scale on the upper part of the transparent outer ball 7; at the same time, the inclination and inclination angle measuring unit of the present invention can also quickly measure and calculate the inclination and inclination angle.

[0050] The gyroscope module can measure the rotation angles of the three axes z1, y1, and x1 of the coordinate system of the measuring board 1 and the compass (referring to the measuring host, the same below) around the three geographic coordinate axes Z (sky), Y (north), and X (east) as α1, β1, and γ1 respectively. The rock mass inclination angle θ can be expressed as: θ=arccos(|cosβ1*cosγ1|), and the derivation process is as follows:

[0051] like Figure 4-1 , Figure 4-2 As shown in the figure, assuming that the Z, Y, and X axes in the spatial coordinate system point to the sky, north, and east respectively, then the z, y, and x axes in the compass coordinate system point to the up, right, and front directions respectively. When the compass coordinate system rotates to the attitude of measuring the rock mass occurrence, the compass rotation angle around the Z axis is the compass flat rotation angle α1, and the angle range is (0º~360º), the compass rotation angle around the Y axis is the compass roll angle β1, and the angle range is (-180º~180º), and the compass rotation angle around the X axis is the compass pitch angle γ1, and the angle range is (-90º~90º).

[0052] For ease of calculation, the compass is set to rotate around the X axis first, then around the Y axis, and finally around the Z axis. The rotation angle satisfies the right-hand rule.

[0053] Cosine direction matrix according to compass rotation:

[0054]

[0055] Its value is the projection of the unit vector of the xyz axis of the compass's own coordinate system onto the XYZ axis. From the definition of the inclination angle, we can know that the angle between the compass plane and the horizontal plane is the inclination angle of the compass measuring surface, that is, the angle between the normal vectors of the two planes. From the relationship between trigonometric functions, we know that: cosθ=cosγ1cosβ1, and then we can deduce that: θ=arccos(|cosγ1cosβ1|).

[0056] When the inclination angle of the rock formation is relatively gentle (inclination angle < 75°), the rock mass inclination can be measured by directly reading α1 by rotating the measuring host around the connecting shaft 2 to adjust the position of the measuring host until the inclination indicator ball 5 points to the y1-axis direction of the main gyroscope module (the direction of the central axis of the measuring host).

[0057] When the inclination angle of the rock formation is too steep (inclination angle ≥ 75°), the use of the main three-axis gyroscope for inclination calculation will have a problem of large errors. In order to overcome this problem, the present invention introduces another set of auxiliary gyroscopes (auxiliary three-axis gyroscopes) placed vertically with the main measuring gyroscope. By adjusting the posture of the measuring host so that the inclination indicator ball points to the opposite direction of the z2 axis of the auxiliary gyroscope (the direction of the central axis of the measuring host), the inclination of the rock mass can be directly measured through the α2 angle.

[0058] The measurement process is completed by the calculation module to complete the calculation and evaluation, and the results are stored in the storage module.

[0059] The measuring steps of the present invention are as follows:

[0060] 1. Place the measuring board

[0061] Place the measuring plate 1 on the upper (or lower) surface of the rock surface to be measured, or insert the measuring plate 1 into the cracks in the rock mass and place it close to the rock surface to be measured, and keep the spherical surface on the measuring host facing upward.

[0062] 2. Visually measure the inclination and tilt

[0063] The magnetic inner ball 8 will automatically level and indicate the north direction under the action of buoyancy and geomagnetism. The inclination dial 6 is turned to make the 0° scale point coincide with the arrow direction of the north mark line 9 on the magnetic inner ball 8 (due north direction). The inclination indicating ball 5 will roll around the annular groove 4 to the lowest point (inclination direction) under the action of gravity. The scale indicated by the inclination indicating ball 5 is the inclination of the rock mass occurrence by visual observation. The magnetic inner ball 8 remains horizontal under the action of buoyancy, and the angle formed by the plane (upper and lower surfaces) of the measuring host and the horizontal plane is the inclination angle of the rock mass occurrence. The angle can be visually observed through the angle indicated by the highest circular scale of the concentric circular scale of the black and white intersection line of the magnetic inner ball 8 and the upper part of the transparent outer ball 7.

[0064] 3. Electronic measurement, recording and calculation

[0065] Press the power button 10, and the inclination measurement unit starts working;

[0066] The two sets of three-axis gyroscopes in the measurement host will measure the attitude angle and calculate the inclination angle according to the calculation method in this article;

[0067] The measuring host rotates along the connecting shaft 2. When the inclination indicating ball stops at the point "A" of the measuring host, the strip contact switch is triggered to start measuring and recording the inclination. At the same time, the position information of the measuring point is measured and recorded through the GPS element. The inclination angle and inclination position information are displayed through the LCD screen 12.

[0068] S4. Review results

[0069] Compare the results on the LCD screen 12 with the visual inclination and tilt results. When the error is less than the allowable value, the circuit automatically records the inclination, tilt, longitude and latitude data of the measuring point; if the results of the two are significantly different, the function key 11 can be used to select to clear the recorded data and re-measure.

[0070] Performance comparison between the present invention and the traditional compass:

[0071] Traditional compass:

[0072] When measuring, you must first select a rock outcrop. When it does not meet the measurement requirements, you need to use a geological hammer to process the dip surface. For narrow rock outcrops or joint gaps, you need to use a geological hammer to knock on the outcrop surface, which takes a long time and is difficult to process. When measuring the dip below the lower rock outcrop (opposite side), the surveyor needs to squat or lie down in a low position, which makes the measurement difficult and easily leads to misreading of values. In addition, due to structural reasons, the traditional compass requires special training and learning for the user to level the compass and identify the direction of the pointer, and is greatly affected by human factors. If re-measurement is required, based on the particularity of geological work, it is difficult, time-consuming and costly. Two people are required to work together, one to measure and the other to record, which places high demands on the surveyor.

[0073] The electronic intelligent compass of the present invention:

[0074] When measuring, the measuring plate can be directly placed or inserted into the joint gap, which greatly saves time, has low requirements for the outcrop surface, and has a wider adaptability. When measuring the occurrence of the bottom of the rock outcrop (reverse surface), the contradiction between the rock surface fit and the measurement reading can be effectively resolved through the spatial geometric relationship between the measuring plate and the measuring host. Since the device has two functions, manual measurement and electronic measurement, it is highly practical, easy to use, and accurate. The accuracy rate can be fully guaranteed, which improves the work intensity of the surveyors and overcomes the influence of human factors to a large extent. Only one person is required to operate the device for occurrence measurement, which improves the level of automation and greatly saves measurement time. The general rock surface measurement can save more than half of the time, and the special rock surface measurement can save more than two-thirds of the time. At the same time, the device uses Bluetooth to transmit data to mobile phones and the cloud, which greatly improves the timeliness and security of data.

Claims

1. An electronic intelligent geological compass, characterized in that: It includes a measuring host and a measuring board; The measuring plate is attached to the lower surface of the measuring host and is integrated by a connecting shaft hinge arranged at any angular position; The measuring host is provided with a tendency indicating mechanism and a tendency and inclination angle measuring unit powered by a built-in power supply; The inclination indicating mechanism comprises an annular groove with a transparent upper cover provided on the upper surface of the measuring mainframe, the center of the annular groove is located on the central axis of the measuring mainframe, and an indicating ball is arranged in a rolling manner in the annular groove; a strip-shaped contact switch is arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring of the annular groove and the bottom of the groove at the intersection A of the central axis of the measuring mainframe and the annular groove away from the connecting shaft, respectively, and an inclination dial with an annular scale marked with 0°~360° is arranged on the inner side of the annular groove; a transparent outer ball with an annular scale and a magnetic inner ball with a magnetic pole indication are arranged on the measuring mainframe located in the inclination dial; The lower half of the transparent outer ball is embedded in the measuring main body in the tilt dial; The magnetic inner sphere is filled with 1 / 2 volume of horizontal floating material, and a north-compassing mark is drawn on the outer surface of the upper semicircle of the magnetic inner sphere; the space between the magnetic inner sphere and the transparent outer sphere is filled with floating liquid; The inclination and tilt angle measuring unit comprises a button module, a gyroscope module, a GPS module, a single chip microcomputer, a storage module, a display module and a Bluetooth module; The button module includes a power button and a function setting button; The gyroscope module is used to measure the rotation angle of the host around the three axes of X, Y and Z and transmit it to the single chip microcomputer; The GPS module is used to receive the location information of the measuring point and transmit it to the single chip microcomputer; The single chip microcomputer is used to receive the numerical signal transmitted by the gyroscope module and calculate the value according to the preset calculation program, and at the same time receive the position information transmitted by the GPS module, and transmit the processed various information to the storage module, the display module and the Bluetooth module respectively; The storage module is used to receive and store information from the single chip microcomputer; The display module is used to display various information sent by the single chip microcomputer; The Bluetooth module is used to receive information from the single-chip microcomputer and send it to an external Bluetooth receiving device.

2. The electronic intelligent geological compass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gyroscope module adopts two sets of three-axis gyroscopes, a main set and an auxiliary set.

3. The electronic intelligent geological compass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measuring plate is a rectangular structure having the same size as the lower surface of the measuring host.

4. A method for measuring rock mass occurrence using an electronic intelligent geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Place the measuring board Place the measuring plate on the upper / lower side of the rock surface to be measured, or insert the measuring plate into the crack of the rock mass and place it close to the rock surface to be measured, keeping the spherical surface on the measuring host facing upwards; S2. Visually measure the inclination and dip The magnetic inner ball is automatically leveled and indicates the north direction due to the buoyancy and geomagnetic effects. Turn the inclination dial to make the 0° scale point coincide with the direction of the arrow of the north mark on the magnetic inner ball. The inclination indicating ball rolls around the annular groove to the lowest point under the action of gravity. The scale indicated by the inclination indicating ball is the inclination of the rock mass occurrence by visual observation. The magnetic inner ball remains horizontal under the action of buoyancy. The angle between the plane of the measuring host and the horizontal plane is the inclination of the rock mass occurrence. The angle can be visually observed through the angle indicated by the highest circular scale of the black and white intersection line of the magnetic inner ball and the concentric circular scale on the upper part of the transparent outer ball. S3. Electronic measurement, recording and calculation Press the power button and the inclination measurement unit starts working. The main and auxiliary three-axis gyroscopes in the measuring host will measure the attitude deflection angle and calculate the inclination angle based on the measurement data of the main gyroscope; The measuring host rotates along the connecting axis. When the inclination indicating ball stops at point "A" on the measuring host, the measurement and recording of inclination is triggered. At the same time, the position information of the measuring point is measured and recorded through the GPS component. The inclination angle and inclination position information are displayed on the LCD screen. S4. Review results Compare the results on the LCD screen with the visual inclination and tilt results. When the error is less than the allowable value, the circuit automatically records the inclination, tilt, longitude and latitude data of the measuring point. If the two results are very different, the function key can be used to clear the recorded data and re-measure.

Images