A microstructured superhard tool and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a microstructured superhard tool and a manufacturing method thereof. The microstructured superhard tool comprises a tool body and a tool head connected to the tool body. The tool head comprises a front cutting edge, a rear cutting edge and a cutting tip. A downwardly recessed micro-texture structure is provided on the front cutting edge. A chip breaking structure for cutting off accumulated chips is provided on the side of the micro-texture structure away from the cutting tip. The manufacturing method of the microstructured superhard tool comprises the steps of: S1, adjusting the relative position of the laser and the tool to be processed; S2, turning on the laser so that the laser irradiates the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed; S3, controlling the laser to move along a predetermined path. The present invention can process a micro-texture structure with higher precision on a tool with higher hardness, and is suitable for mass production. Moreover, the tool with a micro-texture structure can enhance the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process, reduce cutting heat, and extend the service life of the tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of superhard tool processing, and in particular to a microstructure superhard tool and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tool wear is a key issue in the mechanical manufacturing process. The friction between the tool and the workpiece will inevitably cause tool wear, affecting the tool's processing efficiency and service life, and increasing processing costs. Tribology and bionics research shows that the smoother the tool surface is, the more wear-resistant it is. Creating a certain micro-pit structure on the tool surface can play a role in vibration reduction and wear resistance, improve lubrication, and make it have better friction performance.

[0003] PCD superhard tools are widely used in processing materials with higher hardness. PCD tools themselves have the characteristics of high hardness, high compressive strength, good thermal conductivity and wear resistance. If the micro-texture structure on the surface is not set reasonably and the chip removal ability is poor, it is difficult to achieve good heat dissipation and reduce cutting heat. Once the chips accumulate, it is easy to damage the surface of the workpiece, which is not good for the service life of the tool and it is difficult to effectively improve the performance of the PCD tool. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a microstructured superhard tool, which can enhance the wear reduction and lubrication effects, increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process, reduce cutting heat, and extend the service life of the tool.

[0005] Based on this, one aspect of the present invention provides a microstructured superhard tool, which includes a tool body and a tool head connected to the tool body, the tool head including a front tool face, a back tool face and a tool tip, the front tool face is provided with a downwardly recessed micro-texture structure, and the micro-texture structure is provided with a chip breaking structure for cutting off accumulated chips on the side away from the tool tip.

[0006] The present invention uses laser processing technology to process a microstructure on the front cutting edge of the PCD superhard tool, which effectively increases the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process. The micro-tip in the center of the microstructure can cut off the accumulated chips, preventing the accumulated chips generated by the tool during the cutting process from accumulating and damaging the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing cutting heat.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the micro-texture structure is a groove that is recessed relative to the front cutting edge, and the surface of the chip breaking structure is flush with the front cutting edge.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the chip breaking structure comprises a guide portion and a tip portion connected to the guide portion, the guide portion is arranged on a side of the micro-texture structure away from the tool tip, and the tip portion is arranged between the guide portion and the micro-texture structure.

[0009] As a preferred solution, an extension line of the tip portion intersects with the blade tip.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the surface of the guide portion is flush with the surface of the tip portion.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the outer contour of the guide portion is a semicircle protruding toward the knife tip, and the tip portion is connected to the top of the guide portion.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the outer contour of the micro-texture structure is V-shaped, and the chip breaking structure is arranged at the opening of the V-shaped micro-texture structure.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the chip breaking structure and the micro-texture structure as a whole form a structure with a triangular outer contour.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the depression depth of the micro-texture structure relative to the rake face is 50-100 μm.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the length of the tip portion is 20 to 200 μm.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the tool is made of any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposited diamond, and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the microstructured superhard tool as described above, comprising the steps of:

[0018] S1, adjusting the relative position between the laser and the tool to be processed;

[0019] S2, turn on the laser to irradiate the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed;

[0020] S3. Control the laser to move along a predetermined path.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the following steps are further included after step S3:

[0022] S4, collecting a three-dimensional image of the micro-texture structure on the front face of the tool to be processed;

[0023] S5, collecting the current power parameters and moving speed of the laser;

[0024] S6. Adjust the laser power parameter and the moving speed of the laser according to the three-dimensional image information of the micro-texture structure of the front face of the tool to be processed, the current power parameter and moving speed information of the laser.

[0025] As a preferred solution, step S3 includes:

[0026] S31, controlling the laser to move along the outer edges of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure;

[0027] S32, controlling the laser to move a predetermined offset distance toward the middle position of the rake face of the tool to be processed;

[0028] S33, controlling the laser to move along the outer edge shape of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure;

[0029] S34, repeating steps S32 and S33 until the processing of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure is completed.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] The microstructured superhard tool of the present invention is provided with a downwardly recessed microtexture structure on its front cutting edge, and a chip breaking structure is provided on the side of the microtexture structure away from the cutting edge. The chip breaking structure can be used to cut off accumulated chips. The recessed microtexture structure can effectively increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process to better dissipate heat, thereby reducing cutting heat. The microtexture structure can reduce the smoothness of the front cutting edge, and can achieve the effects of vibration reduction, wear resistance and better lubrication. At the same time, the chip breaking structure is more conducive to cutting off accumulated chips during the cutting process, preventing the accumulated chips generated by the tool during the cutting process from accumulating and damaging the surface of the workpiece, thereby realizing the function of chip breaking and heat dissipation, and is conducive to extending the service life of the tool.

[0032] The manufacturing method of the microstructure superhard tool of the present invention adopts laser processing, and the laser beam has high energy density, small heat-affected zone, is not easy to cause thermal deformation of the workpiece, has fast processing speed, and no "tool" wear, and no "cutting force" acts on the workpiece. It is an efficient and environmentally friendly processing method. At the same time, the laser processing microstructure has high precision, high flexibility and work efficiency, and the processed tool quality is reliable, which is suitable for mass production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a microstructured superhard tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a processing device for a microstructured superhard tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a microstructure superhard tool processed by laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a microstructured superhard tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Flow chart of step S3 in FIG.

[0039] Among them, 10, tool head; 11, front tool face; 12, back tool face; 13, tool tip; 14, micro-texture structure; 15, chip breaking structure; 151, guide part; 152, tip part; 20, workbench; 30, multi-axis linkage processing mechanism; 31, moving table; 32, Y-axis assembly; 40, laser; 50, controller; 51, graphics acquisition and processing unit; 52, data acquisition unit; 53, data processing unit; 54, control unit; 541, laser control unit; 542, motion control unit; 55, human-computer interaction system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0042] See attached Figure 1 As shown, the microstructured superhard tool of the present invention is schematically shown, the microstructured superhard tool includes a tool body (not shown in the figure) and a tool head 10 connected to the tool body, the tool head 10 includes a front cutting edge 11, a rear cutting edge 12 and a cutting edge 13, the front cutting edge 11 is provided with a downwardly recessed micro-texture structure 14, the micro-texture structure 14 can be formed by processing on the front cutting edge 11 by a laser beam emitted by a laser, and of course, it can also be processed by methods such as electric sparks and grinding, and the front cutting edge 11 is provided with a downwardly recessed micro-texture structure 14, which effectively increases the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process, reduces the cutting heat, and can achieve the effect of vibration reduction and wear resistance; and a chip breaking structure 15 is provided on the side of the micro-texture structure 14 away from the cutting edge 13, the chip breaking structure 15 is used to cut off the accumulated chips connected to the workpiece formed during the cutting process, prevent the accumulated chips generated by the tool during the cutting process from accumulating and damaging the surface of the workpiece, reduce the cutting heat, thereby realizing the function of chip breaking and heat dissipation, and helping to extend the service life of the tool.

[0043] For example, as shown in the attached Figure 1As shown, the micro-texture structure 14 is a groove sunken relative to the front cutting edge 11, and the surface of the chip breaking structure 15 is flush with the front cutting edge 11. In this way, when the outer contour of the micro-texture structure 14 is machined on the front cutting edge 11, the chip breaking structure 15 can be directly formed on the front cutting edge 11, thereby avoiding the need to separately machine the chip breaking structure 15.

[0044] Specifically, the chip breaking structure includes a guide portion 151 and a tip portion 152, wherein the guide portion 151 is disposed on a side of the micro-texture structure 14 away from the tool tip 13, and the tip portion 152 is connected to the guide portion 151 and disposed between the guide portion 151 and the micro-texture structure 14, so that the iron chips generated during the cutting process are cut off by the tip portion 152, and the cut iron chips are guided by the guide portion 151 to discharge the cut iron chips, thereby preventing the accumulated chips generated during the cutting process from accumulating and damaging the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing cutting heat and further improving the service life of the tool. Furthermore, the surface of the guide portion 151 is flush with the surface of the tip portion 152, which is convenient for production and processing.

[0045] Preferably, the extension line of the tip portion 152 intersects with the tool tip 13 , so that the tip portion 152 faces the tool tip 13 , which is more conducive to cutting off iron filings generated during the cutting process of the tool.

[0046] More specifically, in this embodiment, please continue to refer to Figure 1 The outer contour of the guide portion 151 is a semicircular shape protruding toward the blade tip 13, and the tip portion 152 is connected to the top of the guide portion 151. The semicircular guide portion 151 is more conducive to guiding the cut iron chips, thereby smoothly discharging the iron chips.

[0047] More preferably, see Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer contour of the micro-texture structure 14 is V-shaped, the chip breaking structure 15 is arranged at the opening of the V-shaped micro-texture structure 14, and the outer contour of the cutter head 10 is also V-shaped, which is conducive to better reducing cutting heat, improving vibration reduction, wear resistance and lubrication effects, and ensuring the chip breaking structure 15 to cut off the accumulated chips.

[0048] Further preferably, the chip breaking structure and the micro-texture structure as a whole form a structure with a triangular outer contour, and the tool head 10 is also triangular. Furthermore, the two sides of the V-shaped micro-texture structure 14 are parallel to the outer contour of the rake face 11, so that the outer contour of the rake face 11 can be used as a reference during processing, and the two sides of the micro-texture structure 14 can be processed by setting a predetermined offset distance on the processing equipment.

[0049] Furthermore, the depth of the micro-texture structure 14 relative to the front cutting edge 11 is 50-100 μm. Limiting the depth of the micro-texture structure 14 within this size range is more conducive to heat dissipation of the tool, reducing cutting heat, improving vibration reduction, wear resistance and lubrication effects, and further extending the service life of the tool. Furthermore, the length of the chip breaking structure is 20-200 μm. Setting the chip breaking structure of the tool within this range is more conducive to achieving the function of chip breaking and heat removal.

[0050] The material of the microstructured superhard cutting tool in the above embodiment is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposited diamond, and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride.

[0051] For the same purpose, see Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the microstructured superhard tool as described above, the manufacturing method comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step S1, adjusting the relative position of the laser and the tool to be processed;

[0053] Step S2, turning on the laser to irradiate the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed;

[0054] Step S3: Control the laser to move along a predetermined path.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the microstructured superhard tool of the present invention adopts Figure 2 The processing equipment includes a workbench 20, a multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30, a laser 40, and a controller 50. The workbench 20 is used to clamp the tool to be processed, the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 is connected to the workbench 20, the laser 40 is installed on the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30, and the movement of the laser 40 is controlled by the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30. The laser 40 is used to process the micro-texture structure 14 on the front cutting edge 11 of the tool to be processed. The controller 50 is used to control the light emitting power of the laser 40 and the walking path of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30. The laser emitting end of the laser 40 is arranged opposite to the workbench 20. During processing, the tool to be processed is placed on the workbench 20, see Figure 3 As shown, the relative position of the laser 40 and the tool to be processed is first adjusted by controlling the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30, and then the power of the laser 40 and the travel path of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 are set by the controller 50, and the laser 40 is turned on to irradiate the front cutting edge 11 of the tool to be processed, and then the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 drives the laser 40 to move along a predetermined path until the processing of the micro-texture structure 14 and the chip breaking structure 15 is completed.

[0056] The above-mentioned manufacturing method and processing equipment are used to process microstructure superhard tools. The laser beam has high energy density and a small heat-affected zone, which is not easy to cause thermal deformation of the workpiece. The processing speed is fast, and there is no "tool" wear and no "cutting force" acting on the workpiece. It is an efficient and environmentally friendly processing method. By installing the laser 40 on the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30, and controlling the light emitting power of the laser 40 and the walking path of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 through the controller 50, the light emitting power of the laser 40 and the moving path of the laser beam on the tool to be processed can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs during the processing process to improve the processing accuracy and ensure the reliable quality of the processed tool. In addition, this information-based mechanical processing technology has high processing efficiency and is more suitable for mass production.

[0057] Preferably, after step S3, the following steps are also included:

[0058] Step S4, collecting a three-dimensional image of the micro-texture structure of the rake face of the tool to be processed;

[0059] Step S5, collecting the current power parameters and moving speed of the laser;

[0060] Step S6, adjusting the laser power parameter and the moving speed of the laser according to the three-dimensional image information of the micro-texture structure of the rake face of the tool to be processed, the current power parameter and moving speed information of the laser.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, see Figure 3 As shown, the controller 50 in the processing equipment used in the above manufacturing method specifically includes a graphics acquisition and processing unit 51, a data acquisition unit 52, a data processing unit 53 and a control unit 54, wherein the graphics acquisition and processing unit 51 is used to acquire three-dimensional image information of the micro-texture structure 14 on the tool to be processed and convert it into digital information and transmit it to the data processing unit 53; the data acquisition unit 52 is used to acquire the current power information of the laser 40 and the current motion state information (motion speed) of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 and transmit it to the data processing unit 53; the data processing unit 53 is used to compare the digital information transmitted by the graphics acquisition and processing unit 51 with the predetermined micro-texture structure 14 information, and send a feedback signal to the control unit 54 according to the comparison result and the current power information of the laser 40 and the current motion state information of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30; the control unit 54 is used to control the laser power emitted by the laser 40 and the motion of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 according to the feedback signal.

[0062] Thus, in specific operation, the three-dimensional image of the micro-texture structure 14 on the front cutting edge 11 of the tool to be processed is captured by the graphic acquisition and processing unit 51, and the morphological feature values ​​are extracted and converted into digital information. The current power information of the laser 40 and the current motion state information of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 are collected by the data acquisition unit 52. The digital information is compared with the predetermined micro-texture structure 14 information by the data processing unit 53. According to the comparison result and the current power information and the motion speed of the laser 40, a feedback signal is sent to the control unit 54, so that the laser power parameters and the moving speed of the laser 40 can be adaptively adjusted to realize the online trimming of the micro-texture structure 14.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, see Figure 6 As shown, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0064] S31, controlling the laser to move along the outer edges of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure;

[0065] S32, controlling the laser to move a predetermined offset distance toward the middle position of the rake face of the tool to be processed;

[0066] S33, controlling the laser to move along the outer edge shape of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure;

[0067] S34, repeating steps S32 and S33 until the processing of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure is completed.

[0068] In this way, during the processing, the laser 40 cuts out the micro-textured structure 14 and the chip-breaking structure 15 in circles from the outside to the inside.

[0069] More specifically, in this embodiment, the control unit 54 includes a laser control unit 541 and a motion control unit 542. The laser control unit 541 is used to control the laser power emitted by the laser 40, and the motion control unit 542 is used to control the movement speed of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the laser power parameters and the moving speed of the laser 40.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit 53 is connected to a human-machine interaction system 55, such as a display screen, and the human-machine interaction system 55 is used to collect manual input information and transmit it to the data processing unit 53. The operator can directly input the required laser power parameters and the movement speed of the laser 40 on the display screen to form manual input information. The data processing unit 53 is also used to identify the manual input information and send a control signal to the control unit 54. In this way, the control unit 54 is also used to control the light emitting power of the laser 40 and the movement speed of the output end of the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 according to the control signal.

[0071] Exemplarily, the multi-axis linkage processing mechanism 30 includes a horizontally arranged X-axis assembly, a Y-axis assembly 32 vertically mounted on the X-axis assembly and capable of translating left and right relative to the X-axis assembly, and a Z-axis assembly vertically mounted on the Y-axis assembly 32 and capable of translating forward and backward relative to the Y-axis assembly 32, the Z-axis assembly having a movable table 31 that can translate up and down, and the laser 40 is mounted on the movable table 31; the motion control unit 542 control unit 54 is used to control the movement of the X-axis assembly, the Y-axis assembly 32 and the Z-axis assembly to control the moving direction and speed of the laser 40.

[0072] It should also be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0073] In summary, the present invention provides a microstructured superhard tool and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the microstructured superhard tool comprises a tool body and a tool head 10 connected to the tool body, wherein the tool head 10 comprises a front cutting edge 11, a rear cutting edge 12 and a cutting tip 13, wherein a downwardly recessed microtexture structure 14 is provided on the front cutting edge 11, and a chip breaking structure 15 for cutting off accumulated chips is provided on the side of the microtexture structure 14 away from the cutting tip 13, wherein the recessed microtexture structure 14 can effectively increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the tool during the cutting process to better dissipate heat, thereby reducing cutting heat, wherein the microtexture structure 14 can reduce the smoothness of the front cutting edge, thereby achieving the effects of vibration reduction, wear resistance and better lubrication, wherein the chip breaking structure 15 is more conducive to cutting off accumulated chips during the cutting process, can realize the functions of chip breaking and heat dissipation, and is conducive to extending the service life of the tool, and therefore has a high value of promotion and application.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microstructured superhard tool, characterized in that: The tool comprises a tool body and a tool head connected to the tool body, the tool head comprises a rake face, a flank face and a tool tip, the rake face is provided with a downwardly concave micro texture structure, and a chip breaking structure for cutting off accumulated chips is provided on a side of the micro texture structure away from the tool tip; The micro-texture structure is a groove that is sunken relative to the front cutting edge, the outer contour of the micro-texture structure is V-shaped, the chip breaking structure is arranged at the opening of the V-shaped micro-texture structure, and the surface of the chip breaking structure is flush with the front cutting edge; The tool head is triangular in shape, and two side lines of the outer contour of the micro-texture structure are respectively parallel to two side lines of the outer contour of the rake face; The chip breaking structure includes a guide portion and a tip portion connected to the guide portion, the guide portion is arranged on a side of the micro-texture structure away from the tool tip, and the tip portion is arranged between the guide portion and the micro-texture structure; the outer contour of the guide portion is a semicircle protruding toward the direction of the tool tip, and the tip portion is connected to the top of the guide portion.

2. The microstructured superhard tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An extension line of the tip portion intersects the blade tip.

3. The microstructured superhard tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the guide portion is flush with the surface of the tip portion.

4. The microstructured superhard tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip breaking structure and the micro-texture structure as a whole form a structure with a triangular outer contour.

5. The microstructured superhard tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The micro-texture structure has a recessed depth relative to the rake face of 50 to 100 μm.

6. The microstructured superhard tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the tip portion is 20 to 200 μm.

7. The microstructured superhard tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The tool is made of any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride.

8. A method for manufacturing a microstructured superhard tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1, adjusting the relative position between the laser and the tool to be processed; S2, turn on the laser to irradiate the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed; S3. Control the laser to move along a predetermined path.

9. The method for manufacturing a microstructured superhard tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: After step S3, the method further includes the following steps: S4, collecting a three-dimensional image of the micro-texture structure on the front face of the tool to be processed; S5, collecting the current power parameters and moving speed of the laser; S6. Adjust the laser power parameter and the moving speed of the laser according to the three-dimensional image information of the micro-texture structure of the front face of the tool to be processed, the current power parameter and moving speed information of the laser.

10. The method for manufacturing a microstructured superhard cutting tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: S31, controlling the laser to move along the outer edges of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure; S32, controlling the laser to move a predetermined offset distance toward the middle position of the rake face of the tool to be processed; S33, controlling the laser to move along the outer edge shape of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure; S34, repeating steps S32 and S33 until the processing of the micro-texture structure and the chip breaking structure is completed.

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