Ripper and grader

Abstract

The present invention discloses a soil loosener and a grader, relating to the field of construction machinery, and is used to optimize the structure of the soil loosener. The soil loosener includes a parallelogram linkage mechanism, a first working tooth, a second working tooth, a first driving mechanism, and a second driving mechanism. The parallelogram linkage mechanism is configured to be connected to the vehicle body; the first working tooth is installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism; the second working tooth is rotatably installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism; the first driving mechanism is connected to the parallelogram linkage mechanism to change the state of the parallelogram linkage mechanism and thus change the positions of the first working tooth and the second working tooth; the second driving mechanism is installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism and is drivingly connected to the second working tooth to change the angle of the second working tooth relative to the first working tooth. The soil loosener provided by the above technical solution realizes the convenient switching of the working states of the first working tooth and the second working tooth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and particularly to a ripper and a grader. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main tools of a grader, a ripper is widely used in engineering operations such as roads, agriculture, and forestry. The ripper includes small teeth, large teeth, etc. According to the operation requirements, there are the following working states: only large teeth work, only small teeth work, both large teeth and small teeth work, and neither large teeth nor small teeth work.

[0003] The inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art: when switching the working state of the ripper of the grader, the operator needs to remove the installed large teeth and related accessories one by one. If it is necessary to switch back to the state where only large teeth work or the state where both large teeth and small teeth work, the operator still needs to install the large teeth and related accessories one by one, which is time-consuming and laborious, resulting in low operation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a ripper and a grader to optimize the structure of the ripper.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a ripper, including:

[0006] A parallelogram linkage mechanism configured to be connected to the vehicle body;

[0007] A first working tooth installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism;

[0008] A second working tooth rotatably installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism;

[0009] A first driving mechanism connected to the parallelogram linkage mechanism to change the state of the parallelogram linkage mechanism and thus change the positions of the first working tooth and the second working tooth;

[0010] A second driving mechanism installed on the parallelogram linkage mechanism and drivingly connected to the second working tooth to change the angle of the second working tooth relative to the first working tooth.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second working tooth is configured to switch between a first position and a second position, where:

[0012] When the second working tooth is in the first position, the first working tooth and the second working tooth are side by side, and both the first working tooth and the second working tooth are in a working state or a non-working state;

[0013] When the second working tooth is in the second position, the second working tooth is away from the first working tooth, the first working tooth is in a working state, and the second working tooth is in a non-working state;

[0014] When the position of the second working tooth is between the first position and the second position, the entry angle of the second working tooth is α; when the second working tooth is in the first position, the entry angle of the second working tooth is β, where α is greater than β.

[0015] In some embodiments, the parallelogram linkage mechanism includes:

[0016] Two or more link assemblies, each link assembly including a first link, a second link, a third link, and a fourth link that are connected end to end to form a parallelogram mechanism, the first link being configured to be fixed to the vehicle body;

[0017] A connecting member that connects the fourth links of the respective link assemblies; and

[0018] A mounting seat that is fixedly connected to the third link of each link assembly.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first driving mechanism includes an oil cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the first driving mechanism is rotatably connected to the mounting seat, and the piston rod of the first driving mechanism is rotatably connected to the connecting member.

[0020] In some embodiments, the subsoiler further includes:

[0021] A first hinge point fixing member, one end of which is fixed to the mounting seat and the other end is located between the two link assemblies; the cylinder barrel of the first driving mechanism is rotatably connected to the other end of the first hinge point fixing member; and

[0022] A second hinge point fixing member, which is fixed to the connecting member, and the piston rod of the first driving mechanism is rotatably connected to the second hinge point fixing member.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first working tooth is inserted into the mounting seat, and the second working tooth is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat.

[0024] In some embodiments, the mounting seat includes:

[0025] A first bending plate, which is provided with a plurality of first through holes, and the second working tooth is rotatably connected to the first bending plate; and

[0026] A second bending plate, which is provided with a plurality of second through holes, the first bending plate and the second bending plate are fixedly connected, and the first through holes and the second through holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; the first working tooth is inserted into the correspondingly arranged first through hole and second through hole.

[0027] In some embodiments, the subsoiler further includes:

[0028] A fixed plate, rotatably connected to the first bent plate; a row of the second working teeth are installed on the fixed plate.

[0029] In some embodiments, the ripper further includes:

[0030] A mounting plate, fixed to the fixed plate, and the mounting plates are arranged in pairs, and one of the second working teeth is installed between each pair of the mounting plates; a limiting member is further installed between the two mounting plates to limit the second working tooth.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second driving mechanism includes an oil cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the second driving mechanism is installed on the second bent plate, and the piston rod of the second driving mechanism is installed on the fixed plate.

[0032] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a grader, including the ripper provided by any technical solution of the present invention.

[0033] In some embodiments, the grader further includes a control system, and the control system includes:

[0034] A control device, configured to work according to the following formula for the penetration depth L of the first working tooth Q and the penetration depth L of the second working tooth P ;

[0035]

[0036] L Q = L P -ΔH;

[0037] wherein, L EF is the displacement of the first driving mechanism, a, b, c, d, e are all constants, and ΔH is the vertical height difference between the first working tooth and the second working tooth.

[0038] In some embodiments, the control system further includes:

[0039] A detection element, installed on the parallelogram linkage and near or inside the first driving mechanism to detect the displacement of the first driving mechanism.

[0040] The ripper provided by the above technical solution realizes the automatic switching of five states of the ripper. During the state switching process, the first working tooth and the second working tooth do not need to be disassembled, which improves the work efficiency and enhances the flexibility and automation degree of the grader. Moreover, by controlling the action of the first driving mechanism, the accurate adjustment of the penetration angle of the ripper can be realized, greatly reducing the labor intensity of the operator, improving the construction accuracy and efficiency, reducing the time cost, and improving the flexibility and automation level of the control of the construction machinery where the ripper is located. Description of the Drawings

[0041] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0042] Figures 1a to 1e Schematic diagrams of five states of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a subsoiler and a connecting rear seat provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a parallelogram linkage of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4a Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a first bending plate of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4b Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a second bending plate of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a fixing plate of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the movement and related dimensional positions of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 Simplified schematic diagram of hinge points of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention

[0050] Figure 8 Control principle diagram of a subsoiler provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] The following further elaborates on the technical solutions provided by the present invention in conjunction with FIGS. 1 to Figure 8 carry out a more detailed elaboration on the technical solutions provided by the present invention.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention provides a subsoiler 300 for loosening soil. The subsoiler 300 is equipped with a first working tooth 2 and a second working tooth 3 to adapt to different road surface media and working conditions. Both the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are strip-shaped structures with arc-shaped tips. The arc-shaped tips are used to insert into the ground 200. The first working tooth 2 is smaller in size and the second working tooth 3 is larger in size. The subsoiler 300 has five states:

[0053] (1) Non-working state: Refer to Figure 1a, the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are substantially parallel, and the bottom end of the first working tooth 2 is higher than the bottom end of the second working tooth 3. The positions of both the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are higher than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200, and neither the second working tooth 3 nor the first working tooth 2 touches the ground 200. The ripper 300 is in a non-operating state.

[0054] (2) Mixed working state of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3: Refer to Figure 1b , the positions of both the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are lower than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200, and both the second working tooth 3 and the first working tooth 2 enter the soil for operation. The ripper 300 is in a mixed working state of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3.

[0055] (3) Working state of only the second working tooth 3: Refer to Figure 1c , the position of the second working tooth 3 is lower than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200, while the position of the first working tooth 2 is higher than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200. The first working tooth 2 does not enter the soil, and only the second working tooth 3 enters the soil for operation. The ripper 300 is in the working state of only the second working tooth 3.

[0056] (4) Whether the first working tooth 2 works or not, the second working tooth 3 works, and the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 is adjustable: Refer to Figure 1d , Figure 1d It shows that only the second working tooth 3 enters the soil for work. It can be understood that when both the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 enter the soil for work, the angle of the third working tooth 3 can also be adjusted. The position of the second working tooth 3 is lower than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200, while the position of the first working tooth 2 can be higher or lower than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200. The first working tooth 2 can enter the soil or not, and the second working tooth 3 always enters the soil for operation. By adjusting the angle of the second working tooth 3, the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 is adjusted.

[0057] (5) Working state of only the first working tooth 2: Refer to Figure 1e , rotate the second working tooth 3 by a certain angle to make it leave the first working tooth 2, and make the bottom end of the second working tooth 3 higher than the bottom end of the first working tooth 2. Only the position of the first working tooth 2 is lower than the height of the rear wheel tire 100 of the grader and the ground 200. The ripper 300 is in the working state of only the first working tooth 2.

[0058] In the process of switching between the above five states, it is not necessary to disassemble the second working tooth 3. The switching operation is time-saving and labor-saving, very convenient, the automation degree of the ripper 300 is high, and it also meets the requirements of the flexible operation of the grader. The implementation methods of the ripper 300 that realize the above five functions are introduced in detail below.

[0059] See Figure 2 , the entire subsoiler 300 is fixed to the leveling machine frame by the connecting rear seat 400. The subsoiler 300 includes a parallelogram linkage 1, a first working tooth 2, a second working tooth 3, a first driving mechanism 4, and a second driving mechanism 5. Separate driving mechanisms can be provided for the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3, or the driving methods described later can also be adopted. The subsoiler 300 makes a descending or ascending movement along with the action of the first driving mechanism 4, and realizes the position switching of the second working tooth 3 along with the action of the second driving mechanism 5. The implementation methods of each part are introduced in detail below.

[0060] See Figure 2 , the parallelogram linkage 1 is configured to be connected to the vehicle body. In some embodiments, the parallelogram linkage 1 includes two or more link assemblies 11, a connecting member 12, and a mounting seat 13. For example, two link assemblies 11 are provided, and the two link assemblies 11 are parallel. The two link assemblies 11 are connected into one body by the connecting member 12, which can increase the stiffness and strength of the parallelogram linkage 1 and make the structure of the subsoiler 300 more stable and reliable.

[0061] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , each link assembly 11 includes a first link 111, a second link 112, a third link 113, and a fourth link 114 that are connected end to end to form a parallelogram mechanism. The first link 111 is configured to be fixed to the vehicle body. The first link 111 is welded and fixed to the connecting rear seat 400 of the vehicle body. After being installed in place, the first link 111 is vertical. During the deformation process of the link assembly 11, the first link 111 is always vertical. The third link 113 and the first link 111 are parallel, that is, during the deformation process of the link assembly 11, the third link 113 is also always in a vertical state. The second link 112 and the fourth link 114 are parallel, and the second link 112 is hinged to the tops of the first link 111 and the third link 113, and the fourth link 114 is hinged to the bottoms of the first link 111 and the third link 113. The connecting member 12 is welded and fixed to the fourth link 114 of each link assembly 11. It should be noted that the first link 111, the second link 112, the third link 113, and the fourth link 114 described above have various structural forms, such as straight rods, arc-shaped rods, or plate-like structures. As long as the hinge points of the first link 111, the second link 112, the third link 113, and the fourth link 114 form a parallelogram after being installed in place. The first bending plate 131, the second bending plate 132, and the first hinge point fixing member 6 described later are all welded to the third link 113.

[0062] The mounting seat 13 is used to facilitate the installation of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3. If the mounting seat 13 is not provided, the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 can also be directly connected to the connecting rod through other intermediate components. The following description takes the setting of the mounting seat 13 as an example. The first working tooth 2 is inserted into the mounting seat 13, and the second working tooth 3 is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat 13. The mounting seat 13 is fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 113 of each connecting rod assembly 11. In this way, there are many connection positions for the mounting seat 13, and the installation of the mounting seat 13 is very stable. Setting the mounting seat 13 also simplifies the connection between the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3.

[0063] See Figures 2 to 4b , in some embodiments, the mounting seat 13 includes a first bending plate 131 and a second bending plate 132.

[0064] The first bending plate 131 and the second bending plate 132 are generally L-shaped. The first bending plate 131 and the second bending plate 132 are pieced together to form a shell similar to a rectangle. See Figure 4a , the first bending plate 131 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 131a along its length direction. The number of the first through holes 131a is the same as the number of the first working teeth 2, for example, 7 - 11. The first bending plate 131 is further provided with a first ear plate 131b along its own length direction. The first ear plate 131b is located on the convex side of the first bending plate 131. Along the length direction of the first bending plate 131, several pairs of first ear plates 131b are welded. The number of pairs of the first ear plates 131b is the same as the number of the second working teeth 3, for example, 3 - 7 pairs. The second working tooth 3 is rotatably connected to the first bending plate 131 through the first ear plate 131b.

[0065] See Figure 4b , two pairs of second ear plates 132b are welded at both ends of the second bending plate 132. And, there are several second through holes 132a in the length direction of the second bending plate 132. The number of the second through holes 132a is the same as the number of the first working teeth 2, for example, 7 - 11. The first bending plate 131 and the second bending plate 132 are butt-welded together. The first through holes 131a and the second through holes 132a are aligned in the vertical direction for inserting and installing the first working tooth 2. After the first bending plate 131 and the second bending plate 132 are fixedly connected, see Figure 3 , the first through holes 131a and the second through holes 132a are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. The first working tooth 2 is inserted into the correspondingly arranged first through holes 131a and second through holes 132a. With the above structure, each first working tooth 2 is independent. When a certain first working tooth 2 is damaged or fails, only the damaged first working tooth 2 needs to be replaced, and it will not affect other first working teeth 2.

[0066] See Figure 2 and Figure 5, the number of the second working teeth 3 included in the ripper 300 is two or more. A second working tooth sleeve 14 is installed outside the second working tooth 3. The second working tooth sleeve 14 is used to protect the second working tooth 3 and reduce the probability of the second working tooth 3 being worn. The second working tooth sleeve 14 is connected to the second working tooth 3 by a pin shaft. The second working tooth sleeve 14, as a consumable part, protects the second working tooth 3 from being directly worn.

[0067] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in order to facilitate the connection and state adjustment of each second working tooth 3, in some embodiments, the ripper 300 further includes a fixing plate 8. The fixing plate 8 is provided with a third ear plate 81 and a fourth ear plate 82. The third ear plate 81 of the fixing plate 8 is rotatably connected to the first ear plate 131b of the first bending plate 131, specifically by a pin shaft. The fourth ear plate 82 of the fixing plate 8 corresponds to the second ear plate 132b of the second bending plate 132. And the cylinder of the second driving mechanism 5 is pin-connected to the second ear plate 132b, and the piston rod of the second driving mechanism 5 is pin-connected to the fourth ear plate 82. When the second driving mechanism 5 expands and contracts, it will drive the fixing plate 8 to rotate around the rotating shaft M of the fixing plate 8 and the first ear plate 131b. Each second working tooth 3 is installed on the fixing plate 8.

[0068] See Figure 2 , in order to conveniently install the second working tooth 3 on the fixing plate 8, in some embodiments, the ripper 300 further includes a mounting plate 9. The mounting plate 9 is generally triangular. One end point of the mounting plate 9 is welded and fixed to the fixing plate 8. First mounting holes 91 and second mounting holes 92 are provided at the other two end points of the mounting plate 9. The mounting plates 9 are arranged in pairs, and the number of pairs is the same as the number of the second working teeth 3. The second working tooth 3 is located between two mounting plates 9 arranged in pairs. A pin shaft is installed in the first mounting hole 91 of each pair of mounting plates 9, and the second working tooth 3 is also hung on the pin shaft. A limiting member 15 is further installed in the second mounting hole 92 of the two mounting plates 9 arranged in pairs. The second working tooth 3 is limited by the limiting member 15, so the second working tooth 3 cannot rotate greatly relative to the fixing plate 8, which limits the second working tooth 3.

[0069] See Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the first driving mechanism 4 is connected to the parallelogram linkage 1. The first driving mechanism 4 is used to change the state of the parallelogram linkage 1, that is, to make the second link 112 and the third link 113 of the parallelogram mechanism rotate around the first link 111, so as to change the positions of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 installed on the third link 113.

[0070] Continue to see Figure 2, in some embodiments, the first driving mechanism 4 includes an oil cylinder. The cylinder barrel of the first driving mechanism 4 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 13, and the piston rod of the first driving mechanism 4 is rotatably connected to the connecting member 12. The telescoping of the first driving mechanism 4 will drive the linkage assembly 11 to deform. Since the first link 111 of the linkage assembly 11 is always vertical, during the deformation of the linkage assembly 11, the third link 113 will also move vertically up and down, thereby changing the heights of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 mounted on the third link 113.

[0071] See Figure 2 , in some embodiments, the ripper 300 further includes a first hinge point fixing member 6 and a second hinge point fixing member 7. The first hinge point fixing member 6 is substantially strip-shaped. One end of the first hinge point fixing member 6 is fixed to the mounting seat 13, specifically by welding. The other end of the first hinge point fixing member 6 is located between the two linkage assemblies 11. The cylinder barrel of the first driving mechanism 4 is rotatably connected to the other end of the first hinge point fixing member 6, specifically by a pin shaft connection. The second hinge point fixing member 7 is fixed to the connecting member 12, specifically by welding. The piston rod of the first driving mechanism 4 is rotatably connected to the second hinge point fixing member 7, specifically by a pin shaft connection.

[0072] See Figure 2 , the second driving mechanism 5 is installed on the parallelogram linkage 1 and is drivingly connected to the second working tooth 3 to change the position of the second working tooth 3 relative to the first working tooth 2.

[0073] Continuing the above introduction of the second driving mechanism 5, in some embodiments, the second driving mechanism 5 includes an oil cylinder. As the second driving mechanism 5 extends and retracts, the second working tooth 3 and the second working tooth sleeve 14 will move in an arc around the rotation axis M. In addition to the connection methods introduced above, other methods can also be used to rotatably mount the cylinder barrel of the second driving mechanism 5 on the second bending plate 132 and rotatably mount the piston rod of the second driving mechanism 5 on the fixing plate 8.

[0074] As introduced above, the telescoping of the second driving mechanism 5 will drive the fixing plate 8 to rotate around the rotation axis M. In some embodiments, when the second driving mechanism 5 is at the minimum stroke, the fixing plate 8 is just in the vertical state, and at this time the second working tooth 3 is also just in the vertical state, see Figure 1a shown; when the second driving mechanism 5 is at the maximum stroke, the fixing plate 8 is just in the horizontal state, and at this time the second working tooth 3 is just in the horizontal state, see Figure 1e shown.

[0075] As can be seen from the above introduction, the first driving mechanism 4 is used to change the heights of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3. The second driving mechanism 5 is used to change the state of the second working tooth 3 without changing the state of the first working tooth 2. Under the action of the second driving mechanism 5, the second working tooth 3 is configured to switch between a first position and a second position. Finally, the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 can be in the following relative positions:

[0076] See Figure 1a 、 Figure 1b and Figure 1c , when the second working tooth 3 is in the first position, the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are side by side, and both the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3 are in the working state or the non - working state.

[0077] See Figure 1e , when the second working tooth 3 is in the second position, the second working tooth 3 is away from the first working tooth 2, the first working tooth 2 is in the working state, and the second working tooth 3 is in the non - working state.

[0078] See Figure 1d , when the position of the second working tooth 3 is between the first position and the second position, the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 is α; when the second working tooth 3 is in the first position, the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 is β, where α is greater than β. That is to say, in the case where the second working tooth 3 participates in the work, regardless of whether the first working tooth 2 is in the working state or not, the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 can be adjusted by the second driving mechanism 5.

[0079] The following introduces five states of the ripper 300 realized by the combined action of the first driving mechanism 4 and the second driving mechanism 5.

[0080] (1) Non - working state: See Figure 1a , neither the first working tooth 2 nor the second working tooth 3 touches the ground 200, and the ripper 300 is in the non - working state. The adjustment method is: extend the first driving mechanism 4 to the maximum stroke, shorten the second driving mechanism 5 to the minimum stroke, keep the structure of the ripper 300 at a higher position, and the tip positions of the first working tooth 2, the second working tooth 3 and the second working tooth sleeve 14 are all higher than the height of the ground 200. At this time, the ripper 300 is in the non - working state.

[0081] (2) Mixed working state of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3: See Figure 1b, both the second working tooth 3 and the first working tooth 2 are in the ground operation. The adjustment method is as follows: shorten the first driving mechanism 4 to the minimum stroke, shorten the second driving mechanism 5 to the minimum stroke, and keep the ripper 300 at a lower position. The tip positions of the first working tooth 2, the second working tooth 3, and the second working tooth sleeve 14 are all lower than the height of the ground 200. At this time, the ripper 300 is in the mixed working state of the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3.

[0082] (3) Working state of only the second working tooth 3: Refer to Figure 1c , the first working tooth 2 does not enter the ground, only the second working tooth 3 enters the ground for operation, and the ripper 300 is in the working state of only the second working tooth 3. The adjustment method is as follows: keep the first driving mechanism 4 at an appropriate stroke, shorten the second driving mechanism 5 to the minimum stroke, keep the ripper 300 at the middle position, the tip position of the first working tooth 2 is higher than the height of the ground 200, while the tip positions of the second working tooth 3 and the second working tooth sleeve 14 are both lower than the height of the ground 200. At this time, the ripper 300 is in the working state of only the second working tooth 3.

[0083] (4) Whether the first working tooth 2 works or not, the second working tooth 3 works, and the entry angle of the second working tooth 3 is adjustable: the first driving mechanism 4 can be shortened to the minimum stroke or kept at an appropriate stroke. The second driving mechanism 5 can be adjusted arbitrarily between the minimum stroke and the limit stroke that can make the second working tooth 3 enter the ground to change the inclination angle of the second working tooth 3, and then adjust the entry angle of the second working tooth 3.

[0084] (5) Working state of only the first working tooth 2: Refer to Figure 1e , rotate the second working tooth 3 by a certain angle, such as 90°, so that the second working tooth 3 is roughly rotated to a horizontal state. At this time, the second working tooth 3 leaves the first working tooth 2, and the bottom end of the second working tooth 3 is higher than the bottom end of the first working tooth 2. Only the first working tooth 2 is in the working state. The adjustment method is as follows: shorten the first driving mechanism 4 to the minimum stroke, extend the second driving mechanism 5 to the maximum stroke, and make the fixed plate 8 drive structures such as the mounting plate 9, the second working tooth 3, and the second working tooth sleeve 14 to rotate upward by 90°. The tip position of the first working tooth 2 is lower than the height of the ground 200. At this time, the ripper 300 is in the working state of only the first working tooth 2.

[0085] It can be seen that the above technical solution realizes the automatic switching of five states of the ripper 300 through the stroke combination of the first driving mechanism 4 and the second driving mechanism 5: the non-working state, the mixed working state of the first working teeth 2 and the second working teeth 3, the working state of only the second working teeth 3, and the working state of only the first working teeth 2. The ripper 300 of the grader can adapt to different media and working conditions, greatly improving the working efficiency of the ripper 300 and enhancing the flexibility and automation degree of the grader. And during the free switching of various states of the ripper 300, it is not necessary to manually remove the second working teeth 3 to achieve the working state of only the first working teeth 2. The above technical solution realizes the automatic switching of five states of the ripper 300, improves the working efficiency, and enhances the flexibility and automation degree of the grader.

[0086] See Figures 6 to 8 , the embodiment of the present invention further provides a grader, including the ripper 300 provided by any technical solution of the present invention.

[0087] See Figure 2 and Figure 8 , in some embodiments, the ripper 300 further includes a detection element 102, which is installed on the parallelogram linkage 1 and is near or inside the first driving mechanism 4 to detect the displacement of the first driving mechanism 4. The detection element 102 can measure the elongation of the oil cylinder. Specifically, the detection element 102 adopts an in-built displacement sensor of the first driving mechanism 4, which can save installation space and accurately detect the telescopic length of the first driving mechanism 4. Or, the detection element 102 adopts an external wire displacement sensor, an angle sensor, etc., which can directly or indirectly convert the penetration depth of the ripper 300.

[0088] See Figures 6 to 8 , Figure 6 Schematic diagram of each hinge point A, B, C, D of the link assembly 11 of the ripper. Among them, A and C are fixed hinge points, which are fixed to the connecting rear seat 400 by welding, and A and C are on the same vertical line. B and D are the other two non-fixed hinge points of the parallelogram link assembly 11. The hinge points E and F of the first driving mechanism 4; by the telescopic movement of the first driving mechanism 4, the distance L between EF is changed EF , driving the rotation of the parallelogram link assembly 11, so that the ripper 300 rises or falls. According to the principle of the parallelogram link assembly 11, points B and D respectively make circular motions around points A and C and are always on the same vertical line. Similarly, points P and Q respectively make circular motions, and the penetration depths of the second working tooth sleeve 14 and the first working tooth 2 are respectively the height differences from points P and Q to the ground 200, denoted as L Q , L P . The end point Q of the first working tooth 2 and the end point P of the second working tooth 3.

[0089] See Figure 8 , in some embodiments, the grader further includes a control system 10, and the control system 10 includes a control device 101 which is configured to operate according to the following formula for the penetration depth L of the first working tooth 2 Q and the penetration depth L of the second working tooth 3 P .

[0090]

[0091] L Q = L P - ΔH Formula (2)

[0092] wherein, L EF is the displacement of the first driving mechanism 4, that is Figure 6 and Figure 7 the straight-line distance between points E and F in. a, b, c, d, e are all constants. ΔH is the vertical height difference between the first working tooth 2 and the second working tooth 3

[0093] Through the above functional relationship, the displacement L of the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300 EF is used to calculate the real-time values of the penetration depths L Q , L P . During the operation, the operator can operate the human-machine interaction display 105, input the target value of the penetration depth, and the control system 10 introduced later automatically controls the penetration depth

[0094] In the above technical solution, a certain functional relationship is formed between the tip position of the second working tooth sleeve 14 (or the first working tooth 2) of the ripper 300 and the stroke of the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300. By using the displacement sensor built in the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300, the collected oil cylinder stroke signal is transmitted to the controller, and the tip position of the second working tooth sleeve 14 (or the first working tooth 2) of the ripper 300 is calculated through the stroke signal, so as to obtain the penetration depth of the ripper 300. In the above technical solution, the penetration depth control system 10 of the ripper 300 realizes the real-time detection function of the penetration depth of the ripper 300

[0095] See Figure 8 , the control system 10 further includes an electro-hydraulic proportional valve 104 and a human-machine interaction display 105. The detection element 102 is connected to the current detection port of the control device 101, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 104 is connected to the PWM port of the middle controller, and the human-machine interaction display 105 is connected to the control device 101 through the CAN bus 103

[0096] Since the control device 101 contains the functional relationship between the oil cylinder displacement sensor and the penetration depth, the real-time value of the penetration depth is calculated through the displacement of the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300, and the action of the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300 is realized by controlling the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 104 through the PWM port, so as to realize the change of the penetration depth of the ripper 300 with one key.

[0097] Continue to refer to Figure 8 , in some embodiments, the human-machine interaction display 105 is designed with an independent interface for displaying the penetration depth L Q 、L P , so that the operator can read the penetration depth in the first time.

[0098] For the above technical solution, the operator can input the target value of the penetration depth of the ripper 300 through the human-machine interaction interface, send the requirement to the control device 101 through the CAN bus 103. After receiving the signal, the control device 101 controls the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 104 through the PWM port to realize the action of the first driving mechanism 4 of the ripper 300, so as to realize the precise penetration operation of the ripper 300. Greatly reduce the labor intensity of the operator, improve the construction accuracy and efficiency, and reduce the time cost. Moreover, the one-key control function of the penetration depth of the ripper 300 is realized, which is convenient to operate. The operator no longer needs to judge the penetration depth of the ripper 300 from the rearview mirror or experience, reducing the labor intensity of the operator, improving the construction accuracy and efficiency, and reducing the time cost.

[0099] It should be noted that the ripper 300 that can switch five states by adopting the above working principle or its derivatives, the control system 10 that can realize the detection and control of the penetration depth of the ripper 300, and earthmoving machinery and equipment such as graders installed with the ripper 300 and the control system 10 are all within the scope of the solution required to be protected by the present invention.

[0100] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the protection content of the present invention.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features, but these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grader, characterized in that, it includes a ripper and a control system (10); wherein, the ripper includes: a parallelogram linkage (1), configured to be connected to the vehicle body; a first working tooth (2), mounted on the parallelogram linkage (1); a second working tooth (3), rotatably mounted on the parallelogram linkage (1); a first driving mechanism (4), connected to the parallelogram linkage (1) to change the state of the parallelogram linkage (1) and thus change the positions of the first working tooth (2) and the second working tooth (3); a second driving mechanism (5), mounted on the parallelogram linkage (1) and drivingly connected to the second working tooth (3) to change the angle of the second working tooth (3) relative to the first working tooth (2); the control system (10) includes: The control device (101) is configured to calculate the penetration depth of the first working tooth (2) according to the following formula and the penetration depth of the second working tooth (3) ; Wherein, is the displacement of the first driving mechanism (4), are all constants, is the vertical height difference between the first working tooth (2) and the second working tooth (3).

2. The grader according to claim 1, characterized in that, the second working tooth (3) is configured to switch between a first position and a second position, wherein: when the second working tooth (3) is in the first position, the first working tooth (2) and the second working tooth (3) are side by side, and both the first working tooth (2) and the second working tooth (3) are in a working state or a non - working state; when the second working tooth (3) is in the second position, the second working tooth (3) is away from the first working tooth (2), the first working tooth (2) is in a working state, and the second working tooth (3) is in a non - working state; when the position of the second working tooth (3) is between the first position and the second position, the penetration angle of the second working tooth (3) is α; when the second working tooth (3) is in the first position, the penetration angle of the second working tooth (3) is β, where α is greater than β.

3. The grader according to claim 1, characterized in that, the parallelogram linkage (1) includes: two or more link assemblies (11), each of the link assemblies (11) including a first link (111), a second link (112), a third link (113) and a fourth link (114) that are connected end to end to form a parallelogram mechanism; the first link (111) is configured to be fixed to the vehicle body; a connector (12), connecting the fourth links (114) of the respective link assemblies (11); and a mounting seat (13), fixedly connected to the third links (113) of the respective link assemblies (11).

4. The grader according to claim 3, characterized in that, the first driving mechanism (4) includes an oil cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the first driving mechanism (4) is rotatably connected to the mounting seat (13), and the piston rod of the first driving mechanism (4) is rotatably connected to the connector (12).

5. The grader according to claim 3, characterized in that, the ripper further includes: The first hinge point fixing member (6), one end of which is fixed to the mounting seat (13), and the other end is located between the two link assemblies (11); the cylinder of the first driving mechanism (4) is rotatably connected to the other end of the first hinge point fixing member (6); and The second hinge point fixing member (7), which is fixed to the connecting member (12), and the piston rod of the first driving mechanism (4) is rotatably connected to the second hinge point fixing member (7).

6. The grader according to claim 3, characterized in that The first working tooth (2) is inserted into the mounting seat (13), and the second working tooth (3) is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat (13).

7. The grader according to claim 6, characterized in that The mounting seat (13) includes: The first bending plate (131), which is provided with a plurality of first through holes (131a), and the second working tooth (3) is rotatably connected to the first bending plate (131); and The second bending plate (132), which is provided with a plurality of second through holes (132a), the first bending plate (131) and the second bending plate (132) are fixedly connected, and the first through holes (131a) and the second through holes (132a) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; the first working tooth (2) is inserted into the correspondingly arranged first through hole (131a) and second through hole (132a).

8. The grader according to claim 7, characterized in that The ripper further includes: The fixing plate (8), which is rotatably connected to the first bending plate (131); a row of the second working teeth (3) are mounted on the fixing plate (8).

9. The grader according to claim 8, characterized in that The ripper further includes: The mounting plate (9), which is fixed to the fixing plate (8), and the mounting plates (9) are arranged in pairs, and the second working teeth (3) are mounted between each pair of mounting plates (9); a limiting member (15) is also mounted between each pair of mounting plates (9) to limit the second working teeth (3) located between each pair of mounting plates (9).

10. The grader according to claim 8, characterized in that The second driving mechanism (5) includes an oil cylinder, the cylinder of the second driving mechanism (5) is mounted on the second bending plate (132), and the piston rod of the second driving mechanism (5) is mounted on the fixing plate (8).

11. The grader according to claim 1, characterized in that The control system (10) further includes: The detection element (102), which is mounted on the parallelogram linkage mechanism (1) and is near or inside the first driving mechanism (4) to detect the displacement of the first driving mechanism (4).

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