A support rod, a fixing system for preventing segment ring displacement, and a fixing method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a support rod, a fixing system for preventing displacement of a segment ring, and a fixing method. A support rod comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a segment one, a segment two, and a sleeve, wherein one end of the segment one is detachably connected to one end of the segment two, the sleeve is sleeved on the segment one, and the segment one can move and be fixed in the sleeve along the axial direction of the sleeve, and the outer surface of the sleeve is provided with a thread one that matches the lifting hole on the segment ring. The support rod is used to fix the tunnel segment ring, and the sleeve and the segment one can both be withdrawn from the lifting port and reused, saving materials and costs. In addition, the withdrawal of the segment one and the sleeve makes it easier to seal the lifting hole, thereby avoiding the situation in the prior art where tunnel leakage is caused by groundwater erosion of the top rod, and making the tunnel safer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a support rod, a fixing system for preventing segment ring displacement, and a fixing method. Background Art

[0002] In the process of using shield machines and TBMs to push through mining tunnels or conduct full-section hard rock excavation, when the open mode is used for advancement, the tunnel segments formed behind the shield tail cannot be stabilized in time. When the groundwater pressure is large, the formed segment ring is prone to displacement during the grouting filling process. The segment ring refers to the annular structure assembled from arc-shaped segments from the shield tail when the shield machine or TBM is pushing through a mining tunnel or full-section hard rock excavation. It is adapted to the tunnel structure. Each segment ring is preset with several lifting holes. The lifting holes are in a closed state and need to be penetrated. After penetration, there are threads inside the lifting holes. It is a technical problem to find a construction method that can both ensure the construction quality of the shield-formed segment ring and improve the construction progress. The main technical measures currently used are:

[0003] When a shield machine or TBM is constructing a tunnel, there is an existing fixed construction method to prevent the segment ring from displacing relative to the support top surface system. Most of them use threaded steel to tighten the segment ring to the support top surface (the support top surface refers to the annular excavation surface when the shield machine and TBM are performing full-section hard rock excavation, or refers to the initial support of the tunnel when the shield machine and TBM are empty-pushed through the mining method tunnel.) The nut is welded and fixed to the hanging hole bolt on the segment ring to achieve support force. Specifically, a push rod is inserted into the lifting hole, so that one end of the threaded rod push rod abuts against the annular support top surface of the tunnel, and the other end is welded to the lifting hole On the top surface, the segment ring is supported by a push rod, and the segment ring is supported from multiple directions by multiple push rods to keep the segment ring fixed; however, because the push rod is welded to the lifting hole, it is difficult to remove the push rod from the lifting hole, making it difficult to seal the lifting hole. If the lifting hole is not sealed, when the push rod is corroded by groundwater, it is easy to cause tunnel leakage, affecting tunnel safety; and because one end of the push rod abuts against the support top surface, after the mortar in the gap between the segment ring and the support top surface solidifies, the force of the solidified mortar is large, and the push rod is difficult to remove. Alternatively, the gap between the segment ring and the support top surface is filled with pea-grain stones to the rear, instead of injecting mortar to reduce the displacement of the segment ring. When the method of blowing pea-grain stones to the rear in the gap is adopted, the operation is complicated and the filling amount is large, which affects the overall construction progress. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a support rod, a fixing system and a fixing method for preventing the displacement of the segment rings in view of the problem that the formed segment rings are easily displaced during the tunnel construction process of the prior art, resulting in quality defects of the formed tunnel.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A support rod comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a segment 1, a segment 2 and a sleeve, wherein one end of the segment 1 is detachably connected to one end of the segment 2, the sleeve is sleeved on the segment 1, the segment 1 can be moved and fixed in the sleeve along the axial direction of the sleeve, and the outer surface of the sleeve is provided with a thread 1 which is compatible with a lifting hole on a segment ring.

[0007] The support rod is used to connect to the hanging hole of the segment ring to support and fix the segment ring; the sleeve is used to thread the hanging hole, that is, the thread 1 on the outer surface of the sleeve is used to match the thread inside the hanging hole; the segment 1 can move axially in the sleeve. When the sleeve is connected to the segment ring, the relative movement of the segment 1 and the sleeve is used to move the segment 2 to the annular support top surface of the tunnel. The support top surface refers to the annular excavation surface when the shield and TBM perform full-section hard rock excavation, or refers to the initial support of the tunnel when the shield and TBM push through the mining method tunnel. When the segment 2 abuts against the support top surface, the segment 1 can remain fixed in the sleeve. The segment 2 is supported by the support top surface, the segment 2 supports the segment 1, and the segment 1 supports the sleeve. The sleeve generates a supporting force on the segment ring, and then the support rod generates a supporting effect on the segment ring. The second segment and the first segment are detachably connected, such as: the first segment and the second segment are threadedly connected or sleeved, etc. The length of the second segment can have a variety of sizes to meet different gap depths. By adopting the support rod described in the present invention, the second section is extended into the lifting hole, and the sleeve is threadedly connected to the lifting hole. Then, the length of the first section entering the lifting hole is adjusted according to the width of the gap, so that the second section is close to and abuts against the supporting top surface of the tunnel, and the first section is axially fixed relative to the sleeve to complete the support of the segment ring, and the support process is simple and fast; the second section and the first section are detachably connected, and by removing the second section, the first section is not affected by the mortar solidified in the gap, and the first section can be withdrawn from the lifting hole; in addition, the sleeve and the lifting hole are detachably connected, and the sleeve can also be withdrawn from the lifting hole, so that the sleeve and the first section can both be withdrawn from the lifting port and reused, saving materials and costs. In addition, due to the withdrawal of the first section and the sleeve, the sealing of the lifting hole is easier, avoiding the situation in the prior art where tunnel leakage is caused by groundwater erosion of the top rod, and making the tunnel safer.

[0008] Preferably, a second thread is provided on the outer surface of the segment one, and a third thread is provided on the inner surface of the sleeve to be adapted to be connected with the second thread, and the length of the second thread is greater than the length of the third thread.

[0009] The first segment is threadedly connected with the third thread on the inner surface of the sleeve through the second thread on its outer surface, so that the first segment and the sleeve can be fixed in the axial direction to bear the supporting force, and the axial length of the second thread is greater than the axial length of the third thread, so that the first segment can move relative to the axial direction of the sleeve, and then the first segment is rotated inside the sleeve to move the second segment toward the supporting top surface. When the first segment and the second segment are disassembled, the second segment is solidified by the mortar in the gap, and by rotating the first segment, a torque is generated at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, so that the first segment and the second segment are unloaded, so that the first segment can be easily withdrawn from the lifting hole.

[0010] Preferably, the second thread and the third thread are fine pitch threads, and the first thread is a coarse pitch thread.

[0011] The second thread and the third thread are fine-pitch threads, which are convenient for rotating the first segment to move the second segment under force. The first thread is a coarse-pitch thread, which is suitable for the lifting hole.

[0012] Preferably, a protrusion is provided at the end of the first segment, and a groove is provided at the end of the second segment, and the groove and the protrusion are connected by riveting or threading.

[0013] The protrusion of the segment one and the groove of the segment two are connected by riveting or threading, and can be quickly disassembled. Compared with the detachable connection method such as threaded connection, the detachable connection method of riveting between the segment two and the segment one is convenient to process, saves costs, and is more convenient for connecting and disassembling the segment one and the segment two. Of course, it is also possible to adopt: the end of the segment one is provided with a groove, the end of the segment two is provided with a protrusion, and the groove and the protrusion are connected by riveting or threading, but adopting this method, more mass of the segment two is discarded inside the gap, and the cost is higher.

[0014] Preferably, the groove and the protrusion are both cylindrical, which is convenient for processing and for disassembly and assembly of the first and second sections.

[0015] Preferably, the segment two comprises a plastic sleeve and a plugging cover, the plugging cover is arranged at one end of the segment two away from the segment one, the segment two is sleeved on the corresponding end of the segment one, the end face of the segment one abuts against the plugging cover, and the segment one and the sleeve are both steel components.

[0016] The second segment is sleeved on the first end of the first segment, and the end of the first segment abuts the plugging cover. The second segment protects the first segment, so that the first segment can indirectly abut on the support top surface, so as to avoid the first segment being solidified inside the plastic sleeve and unable to be taken out when grouting the gap between the segment ring and the support top surface. After the mortar in the gap solidifies, the first segment is taken out, and the second segment left in the gap is a plastic sleeve, which has low cost, and the second segment left in the gap has less mass, saving materials.

[0017] Preferably, a change-over joint is provided at one end of the second segment close to the hanging hole, and the outer wall of the change-over joint is adapted to the inner wall of the hanging hole close to the gap. When the diameter of the hanging hole is large, the change-over joint can block the gap between the second segment and the hanging hole, thereby preventing water or slurry from entering the second segment, thereby preventing the first segment from being difficult to remove.

[0018] Preferably, an expansion water-stop pad is provided on the inner wall of the variable joint. When the expansion water-stop pad meets water, it will expand to seal the gap between the variable joint and the section one, preventing water or slurry from flowing into the connection between the section one and the section two, making the disassembly of the section one more convenient, reducing the degree of damage and increasing the utilization rate.

[0019] Preferably, a soft tape is provided at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, and the soft tape is used to wrap the connection between the first segment and the second segment to prevent mortar from entering the connection between the first segment and the second segment when filling the gap, thereby increasing the connection force between the second segment and the first segment, making it difficult to disassemble the first segment and the second segment, and preventing the mortar from causing wear to the first segment. In addition, when subjected to external force, the soft tape is easily damaged and will not affect the disassembly of the first segment and the second segment.

[0020] Preferably, the ends of the segment one and the segment two are both provided with force-bearing ends to facilitate the rotation of the segment one and the segment two.

[0021] A fixing system for preventing displacement of a segment ring comprises a plurality of fixing groups, each of which is used to fix a segment ring. The fixing group comprises at least two of the above-mentioned support rods. The sleeve of the main body is threadedly connected to the hanging hole of the segment ring, and the end of the second section of the main body abuts against the support top surface.

[0022] Among them, the support top surface refers to the circumferential excavation surface when the shield machine and TBM perform full-section hard rock excavation, or refers to the initial support of the tunnel when the shield machine and TBM push through the mining method tunnel.

[0023] Each of the fixing groups corresponds to a segment ring for fixing, and the supporting position of the support rods of each of the fixing groups is determined according to the geology of the site, the position of the lifting holes and the stress conditions of the segment ring. At least two of the support rods can ensure the basic force balance of the segment ring. By supporting one segment ring through all the support rods of each fixing group, the segment ring can be fixed quickly and effectively. By supporting the corresponding segment rings through several support groups, all the support rods can achieve a comprehensive supporting effect on all the segment rings, so that the fixing system has a better fixing effect on the segment ring.

[0024] Preferably, at least two of the main bodies of each of the fixing groups are fixed on the center line of the segment ring and in the lifting holes above the center line.

[0025] The movement of the segment ring is mainly caused by the floating effect of underground water and the effect of mortar on the gap during grouting, and its most important force is the buoyancy. The center line of the segment ring and the area above the center line, that is, the 3 o'clock position, the 9 o'clock position and the areas above the center line of the segment ring, are generally provided with 2-4 lifting holes. At least two support rods are installed in the lifting holes on the center line of the segment ring and the areas above the center line to provide a vertical downward force to balance the buoyancy of the underground water or mortar in the gap on the segment ring, so as to better fix the segment ring and thus fix the segment ring of the entire tunnel.

[0026] Preferably, the fixing groups are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, that is, when the fixing groups are used to fix the segment rings, some of the segment rings that need to be fixed are fixed according to actual conditions, and the remaining segment rings work together with the fixed segment rings to achieve indirect fixation, such as: every 2-4 segment rings are spaced apart, and a total of 6-12 support rods are fixedly connected to 2-3 segment rings on each side to meet the fixing requirements. Through indirect fixation, the use of the support rods can be reduced, saving construction time and cost.

[0027] A fixing method for preventing segment ring displacement comprises the following steps:

[0028] A: Install the segment ring, then thread the sleeves of at least two of the support rods into the corresponding lifting holes, and make the second section of the body abut against the top surface of the support;

[0029] B: According to the pre-design, repeat step A, after installing the body in the corresponding hoisting hole of the corresponding segment ring, grouting is injected into the gap between the segment ring and the support top surface;

[0030] C: After the mortar in the gap solidifies, all the segments of the body and the sleeve are removed together to complete the fixation of the corresponding segment rings.

[0031] When a shield machine or TBM is used for tunnel excavation, the process of grouting the gap between the support top surface and the segment ring is carried out in construction sections, and the longitudinal distance of each construction section is within the range of 30-100m, which is determined according to the mortar setting time after grouting. Because the support rod is fixed to the lifting hole, the lifting hole is a preset hole, but in a blocked state, the lifting hole that needs to be connected to the support rod needs to be penetrated. When penetrating, the number and position of the support rods to be installed need to be determined according to the actual construction situation. The first installed segment ring needs to be supported and fixed in time. At least two support rods are installed for each fixed segment ring. When installing the next segment ring, determine whether to support and fix the segment ring according to actual conditions. Repeat the above steps until the last segment ring of the construction section is supported. After all the support rods form an overall fixed force on all the segment rings of the construction section, grouting is performed between all the segment rings of the construction section and the support top surface. After the mortar in the gap of the construction section solidifies, the segment one and the sleeve of the support rod can be recycled. After the construction of the previous construction section is completed, the dismantled segment one and the sleeve are reconnected to a segment two prepared in advance, and then used in the next construction section. During the construction of the same tunnel line, the number of support rods is reduced, saving costs. After the segment 1 and the sleeve are removed from the lifting hole, it is convenient to seal the lifting hole, so as to avoid water leakage in the lifting hole and affect the safety of the tunnel; the support rod is used to support the segment ring, and there is no need to fix the support rod by welding. The segment ring can be quickly and conveniently installed with the support rod, which speeds up the construction progress and reduces the displacement time of the segment ring, so that the fixing quality of the segment ring is better and the tunnel forming quality is improved. The fixing method for preventing the displacement of the segment ring is used to construct the tunnel, which can quickly and effectively fix the segment ring, speed up the tunnel construction efficiency, avoid the displacement of the installed segment ring under the action of groundwater or mortar, and improve the tunnel forming quality; and the lifting hole is effectively sealed to prevent groundwater from leaking from the lifting port, reduce quality defects, and reduce the later defect treatment.

[0032] Preferably, in step A, when installing the body, the following steps are included:

[0033] A1: Assemble the body;

[0034] A2: Extend the second section of the body into the hoisting hole, and thread the sleeve into the hoisting hole;

[0035] A3: Rotate the segment 1 so that the segment 1 drives the segment 2 to abut against the support top surface.

[0036] By adopting the above-mentioned installation method, the support rod can be quickly and conveniently connected to the lifting hole to achieve support for the segment ring.

[0037] Preferably, in step C, after the mortar in the gap solidifies, the segment one is rotated to complete the force unloading of the segment one and the segment two, and then the sleeve is rotated to allow the sleeve to drive the segment one to withdraw from the lifting hole together.

[0038] By adopting the above method, a fixed torque is generated on the second segment by means of the solidified mortar, and an opposite torque is generated at the connection between the first segment and the second segment by rotation, so that the force unloading of the first segment and the second segment is completed, and the disassembly of the first segment and the second segment is convenient and labor-saving; then the sleeve is spirally withdrawn from the lifting hole, driving the first segment to withdraw from the lifting hole together, making the overall recovery of the first segment and the sleeve more convenient and quick. Of course, the sleeve can also be directly rotated so that the sleeve transmits force to the connection between the first segment and the second segment, disassembles the first segment and the second segment, and drives the first segment to withdraw from the lifting hole. However, because the lifting hole is a coarse thread, it is difficult to destroy the connection between the first segment and the second segment by rotating the sleeve; the first segment and the sleeve are connected by fine thread, and it is easier to destroy its connection with the second segment by rotating the first segment.

[0039] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. The second section and the first section of the support rod provided by the present invention are detachably connected. By removing the second section, the first section is not affected by the mortar solidified in the gap, which makes it easy for the first section to withdraw from the lifting hole. In addition, the sleeve and the lifting hole are detachably connected, which makes it easy for the sleeve to withdraw from the lifting hole, so that the sleeve and the first section can be withdrawn from the lifting port and reused, saving materials and costs. In addition, the withdrawal of the first section and the sleeve makes it easier to seal the lifting hole, avoiding the situation in the prior art where tunnel leakage is caused by groundwater erosion of the top rod, thereby making the tunnel safer.

[0041] 2. The fixing system for preventing the displacement of the segment rings described in the present invention can support one segment ring through all the support rods of each fixing group, so as to quickly and effectively fix the segment ring; by supporting the corresponding segment rings through several support groups, all the support rods can achieve a comprehensive supporting effect on all the segment rings, so that the fixing system has a better fixing effect on the segment rings.

[0042] 3. The fixing method for preventing the displacement of the segment ring is adopted to construct the tunnel, so that the segment ring can be fixed quickly and effectively, which speeds up the tunnel construction efficiency, avoids the displacement of the installed segment ring under the action of groundwater or mortar, and improves the forming quality of the tunnel; and the lifting hole is effectively sealed to prevent groundwater from leaking from the lifting port, reduce quality defects, and reduce the subsequent defect treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the support rod described in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve described in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the support rod described in Example 2;

[0046] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of installing the segment ring in Example 4;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the lifting hole described in Example 4;

[0048] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the support rod supporting the segment ring in Example 4;

[0049] Figure 7 is a partial schematic diagram of the support rods supporting the segment rings in Example 4;

[0050] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram after grouting in the gap in Example 4;

[0051] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the segment 1 and the segment 2 in Example 4 being disassembled;

[0052] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of Example 4 in which the segment 1 and the sleeve are removed;

[0053] Fig.11 It is a partial schematic diagram of Example 4 after the grouting hole is blocked.

[0054] Icons: 1-segment one; 11-thread two; 2-segment two; 21-plug cover; 22-plastic sleeve; 23-transformer; 3-sleeve; 31-thread three; 32-thread one; 4-body; 5-support top surface; 6-segment ring; 61-lifting hole; 7-gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This embodiment provides a support rod. Figure 1-2 , including a body 4, the body 4 includes a segment 1, a segment 2 and a sleeve 3, one end of the segment 1 is detachably connected to one end of the segment 2, the sleeve 3 is sleeved on the segment 1, the segment 1 can be moved and fixed in the sleeve 3 along the axial direction of the sleeve 3, and the outer surface of the sleeve 3 is provided with a thread 32 adapted to the lifting hole 61 on the segment ring 6.

[0059] In this embodiment, the segment 1 and the sleeve 3 are both steel components, which can increase the durability of the segment 1 and the sleeve 3. The segment 1 and the sleeve 3 can also be other materials that can meet the actual stress conditions, such as aluminum alloy, iron, etc. One end of the segment 1 is detachably connected to the segment 2 2, such as: the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 are threaded, riveted or sleeved, etc. As a preferred method, in this embodiment, the end of the segment 1 is provided with a protrusion, and the end of the segment 2 is provided with a groove. The groove and the protrusion are connected by riveting or threading, and can be quickly disassembled. Compared with the use of detachable methods such as threaded connection, the detachable connection method of riveting between the segment 2 and the segment 1 is convenient to process, saves costs, and is more convenient for connecting and disassembling the segment 1 and the segment 2. Of course, it is also possible to adopt the following approach: a groove is provided at the end of the segment 1, a protrusion is provided at the end of the segment 2, and the groove and the protrusion are connected by riveting or threading. However, adopting this approach will discard more mass of the segment 2 2 inside the gap 7, and the cost will be higher.

[0060] Specifically, Figure 1The section 2 2 is a steel structure to meet the supporting function, and the section 2 2 is used to abut the support top surface 5. Its length is about 150-300mm, which meets the different depths of the gap 7; its left end is a sealing end to prevent the mortar from entering the groove of the section 2 2 from the left end when filling the gap 7 between the pipe segment ring 6 and the support top surface 5. The cross-section of the groove at its right end is annular, and the left end of the section 1 is a cylindrical protrusion, which is riveted in the groove; and a soft tape is provided at the connection between the section 1 and the section 2 2. In this embodiment, a soft tape is wrapped on the outer wall of the riveted joint of the protrusion and the groove to prevent the mortar from entering the connection between the section 1 and the section 2 2 when filling the gap 7, resulting in an increase in the connecting force between the section 2 2 and the section 1, which makes it difficult to disassemble the section 1 and the section 2 2, and prevents the mortar from causing wear to the section 1.

[0061] A sleeve 3 is sleeved on the segment 1, and a thread 32 on the outer surface of the sleeve 3 is used to match the thread inside the lifting hole 61, so that the sleeve 3 can be detachably connected to the lifting hole 61; the segment 1 is used to send the segment 2 2 into the gap 7, so that the segment 2 2 abuts against the support top surface 5, and the segment 1 can move and be fixed in the sleeve 3 along the axial direction of the sleeve 3, that is, the segment 1 can move along the axial direction of the sleeve 3, and can remain axially fixed when the segment 2 abuts against the support top surface 5, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the segment 2 according to the width of the gap 7, so that the support rod can move back and forth in the axial direction of the lifting hole 61, adapting to the depth of different support top surfaces 5 from the segment ring 6, and can also transmit force in the axial direction, so that the support top surface 5 can support the segment ring 6 through the support rod.

[0062] Specifically, the outer surface of the segment 1 is provided with a second thread 11, such as: the segment 1 is a screw, and the inner surface of the sleeve 3 is provided with a third thread 31 adapted to connect with the second thread 11, so that the segment 1 and the sleeve 3 can be fixed in the axial direction, used to bear the supporting force, and the axial length of the second thread 11 is greater than the axial length of the third thread 31, so that the segment 1 can move relative to the axial direction of the sleeve 3, and then the segment 1 is rotated inside the sleeve 3, so that the segment 22 can be pushed to move toward the supporting top surface 5. When the segment 1 and the segment 22 are disassembled, the segment 22 is solidified by the mortar in the gap 7, and by rotating the segment 1, a torque is generated at the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 22, so that the force of the segment 1 and the segment 22 is unloaded, so that the segment 1 is easy to withdraw from the lifting hole 61. In this embodiment, the axial length of the segment 1 plus the segment 2 is 550-650mm, the length of the segment 2 is 150-300mm, the length of the thread 2 11 on the segment 1 is 270-370mm, the length of the sleeve 3 is 180-200mm, and a square mounting head is provided at the end of the sleeve 3 away from the segment 2, which is 30mm long and 29mm wide, and a steel bar hole is provided on the square mounting head. The steel bar hole is used for inserting steel bars and is used in conjunction with a wrench to facilitate the rotation of the sleeve 3 and the installation and disassembly of the support rod.

[0063] When the support rod is used to support the segment ring 6, the segment 2 is extended into the hanging hole 61, and the sleeve 3 is threadedly connected to the hanging hole 61, and then the length of the segment 1 entering the hanging hole 61 is adjusted according to the width of the gap 7, so that the segment 2 is close to the tunnel support top surface 5 and abuts against the support top surface 5, and the segment 1 is axially fixed relative to the sleeve 3 to complete the support of the segment ring 6, and the support process is simple and fast; after the mortar filled in the gap 7 solidifies in the later stage, the segment 1 and the segment 2 are disassembled to separate the segment 1 and the segment 2, and the segment 2 is left in the mortar, and then the sleeve 3 is disassembled to make the sleeve 3 drive the segment 1 to withdraw from the hanging hole 61 together, and then fill the hanging hole 61 for blocking, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 shown.

[0064] By adopting the support rod described in the present invention, the section 2 and the section 1 are detachably connected. By removing the section 2, the section 1 is not affected by the mortar solidified in the gap 7, which makes it easy for the section 1 to withdraw from the lifting hole 61; in addition, the sleeve 3 and the lifting hole 61 are detachably connected, which makes it easy for the sleeve 3 to withdraw from the lifting hole 61, and then the sleeve 3 and the section 1 can both withdraw from the lifting port and be reused, saving materials and costs. In addition, due to the withdrawal of the section 1 and the sleeve 3, it is easier to seal the lifting hole 61, avoiding the situation in the prior art where tunnel leakage is caused by groundwater erosion of the top rod, thereby making the tunnel safer.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This embodiment provides a support rod. Figure 3 , which is different from the support rod described in Example 1 in that the structure of the segment 2 is different. Specifically, the segment 2 includes a plastic sleeve 22 and a plugging cover 21. The plugging cover 21 is provided at one end of the segment 2 away from the segment 1. The segment 2 is sleeved on one end of the segment 1. The end face of the segment 1 abuts against the plugging cover 21. The segment 1 and the sleeve 3 are both steel components. The segment 2 is sleeved on one end of the segment 1, and the end of the segment 1 abuts against the plugging cover 21. The segment 1 is protected by the segment 2 so that the segment 1 can indirectly abut against the support top surface 5, so as to avoid the segment 1 being solidified and unable to be taken out when grouting the gap 7 between the segment ring 6 and the support top surface 5. After the slurry in the gap 7 solidifies, the segment 1 can be taken out. The segment 2 2 left in the gap 7 is a plastic sleeve 22, which is lower in cost, and the segment 2 2 left in the gap 7 has less mass, saving more materials.

[0067] In addition, a variable joint 23 is provided at one end of the segment 2 close to the lifting hole 61, and the variable joint 23 and the lifting hole 61 are adapted to the inner wall of the gap 7 close to the lifting hole 61. When the diameter of the lifting hole 61 is relatively large, the gap between the segment 2 and the lifting hole 61 can be blocked by the variable joint 23 to prevent water or slurry from entering the interior of the segment 2, thereby preventing the segment 1 from being difficult to remove. As a preferred embodiment, an expansion water-stop pad is provided on the inner wall of the variable joint 23. When the expansion water-stop pad meets water, it will expand to block the gap 7 between the variable joint 23 and the segment 1, preventing water or slurry from flowing into the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 2, making the disassembly of the segment 1 more convenient, reducing the degree of damage, and increasing the utilization rate.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment provides a fixing system for preventing displacement of the segment ring, including a plurality of fixing groups, each of which corresponds to fixing a segment ring 6, and the fixing group includes at least two support rods as described in Example 1 or Example 2. The sleeve 3 of the main body 4 is threadedly connected to the lifting hole 61 of the segment ring 6, and the end of the section 2 of the main body 4 abuts against the support top surface 5.

[0070] Each of the fixing groups corresponds to a segment ring 6. Since six hoisting holes 61 are provided on a segment ring 6, the segment ring 6 can support up to six support rods. The support position of the support rods of each of the fixing groups is determined according to the geology of the area, the position of the hoisting holes 61 and the stress conditions of the segment ring 6. At least two of the support rods can ensure the basic force balance of the segment ring 6. Specifically, at least two of the bodies 4 of each of the fixing groups are fixed in the hoisting holes 61 on the center line of the segment ring 6 and above the center line. Since the movement of the segment ring 6 is mainly caused by the underground floating water and the action of the mortar when grouting the gap 7, the most important force is the buoyancy. The midline and the part above the midline of the segment ring 6, i.e., the three o'clock position, the nine o'clock position and the part above the three o'clock position of the segment ring 6, are generally provided with 2-4 hanging holes 61. At least two support rods are installed in the hanging holes 61 on the midline and the part above the midline of the segment ring 6 to provide a vertical downward force for balancing the buoyancy of the groundwater or the mortar in the gap 7 on the segment ring 6, so as to better fix the segment ring 6 and further fix the segment ring 6 of the entire tunnel. In this embodiment, because the buoyancy of the section is relatively large, each fixing group uses five support rods, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0071] In this embodiment, the fixing groups are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, which means that when the fixing groups are used to fix the segment rings 6, part of the segment rings 6 that need to be fixed can be fixed according to actual conditions, and the remaining segment rings 6 can be indirectly fixed through the fixed segment rings 6, such as: there are 2-4 segment rings 6 at intervals, and 6-12 support rods are fixedly connected to 2-3 segment rings 6 on each side to meet the fixing requirements. Through indirect fixing, the use of the support rods can be reduced, saving construction time and cost.

[0072] By supporting one segment ring 6 through all the support rods of each fixing group, the segment ring 6 can be fixed quickly and effectively; by supporting the corresponding segment rings 6 through several support groups, all the support rods can achieve comprehensive support for all the segment rings 6, so that the fixing system has a better fixing effect on the segment ring 6.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] This embodiment provides a fixing method for preventing segment ring displacement, comprising the following steps:

[0075] A: Install the segment ring 6, then respectively thread the sleeves 3 of at least two support rods as described in Example 1 or Example 2 into the corresponding hanging holes 61, and make the second section 2 of the body 4 abut against the support top surface 5;

[0076] B: According to the pre-design, repeat step A, after installing the body 4 in the corresponding hanging hole 61 of the corresponding segment ring 6, grouting is injected into the gap 7 between the segment ring 6 and the support top surface 5;

[0077] C: After the mortar in the gap 7 solidifies, all the segments 1 of the body 4 and the sleeve 3 are removed together to complete the fixation of the corresponding segment ring 6.

[0078] This embodiment uses the structure of the support rod described in Example 2 as an example, which is applicable to the shield or TBM full-section hard excavation process, and the segment 2 abuts against the annular excavation surface. It is also applicable to the shield and TBM air-push mining process, and the segment 2 abuts against the initial support. Specifically, when using a shield machine or TBM for tunnel excavation construction, first determine the scope of the first construction section, and the longitudinal distance of the construction section is within the range of 30-100m. When the shield machine or TBM excavates to the tail and exceeds the distance of one segment ring 6 from the starting point of the construction section, the longitudinal distance of one segment ring 6 is 1.5m or 1m, etc., and step A is performed: install the segment ring 6, such as Figure 4 As shown; and according to the needs, all the lifting holes 61 on the segment ring 6 that need to install the support rod are penetrated, such as Figure 5 As shown;

[0079] The support rod is installed in the hoisting hole 61 to be installed, so that the section 2 abuts against the support top surface 5. Specifically, the installation of the support rod includes the following steps:

[0080] A1: Assemble the body 4;

[0081] A2: Extend the section 2 of the body 4 into the hoisting hole 61, and thread the sleeve 3 into the hoisting hole 61;

[0082] A3: Rotate the segment 1 so that the segment 1 drives the segment 2 2 to abut against the support top surface 5 .

[0083] The state of the support rod after installation is as follows Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the segment ring 6 is supported and fixed;

[0084] Then the shield machine or TBM moves to the next segment ring 6 installation point, and determines whether to support and fix the segment ring 6 according to the actual situation. If fixation is required, the lifting hole 61 is penetrated, and then several support rods are fixed on the segment ring 6. If fixation is not required, the next segment ring 6 is installed, and the above judgment is repeated; until all the support rods on the last segment ring 6 of the construction section are installed, the step A is implemented;

[0085] Then, the step B is performed: grouting is injected into the gap 7 between the segment ring 6 and the support top surface 5; the schematic diagram after grouting is as follows Figure 8 As shown; after grouting, perform the step C: after the mortar in the gap 7 solidifies, remove the segment 1 and the sleeve 3 of all the support rods together; specifically, in the step C, after the mortar in the gap 7 solidifies, rotate the segment 1 to complete the unloading of the segment 1 and the segment 2, and then rotate the sleeve 3 to separate the segment 1 and the segment 2, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 Then continue to rotate the sleeve 3, so that the sleeve 3 drives the segment 1 together to withdraw from the lifting hole 61, after withdrawal, only the segment 2 remains in the solidified mortar, as shown Fig.10 As shown; the fixing construction of the segment ring 6 is completed. By adopting the above method, a fixing torque is generated on the segment 2 2 by means of the solidified mortar, and an opposite torque is generated at the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 by rotation, so that the force unloading of the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 is completed, and the disassembly of the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 is convenient and labor-saving; then the sleeve 3 is spirally withdrawn from the lifting hole 61, driving the segment 1 to withdraw from the lifting hole 61 together, making the overall recovery of the segment 1 and the sleeve 3 more convenient and quick. Of course, the sleeve 3 can also be directly rotated to transmit force to the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 2, so as to disassemble the segment 1 and the segment 2, and drive the segment 1 to withdraw from the lifting hole 61. However, since the lifting hole 61 is a coarse thread, it is difficult to drive the segment 1 to break the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 by rotating the sleeve 3; the segment 1 and the sleeve 3 are connected by fine threads, and it is easier to break the connection between the segment 1 and the segment 2 2 by rotating the segment 1.

[0086] After the construction of the previous construction section is completed, the dismantled section 1 and the sleeve 3 are reconnected to a pre-prepared section 2, and then used in the next construction section. During the construction of the same tunnel line, the number of support rods is reduced, saving costs.

[0087] The construction of the tunnel also includes the steps of: blocking all the hanging holes 61 that penetrate the construction section. During the blocking, since the section 1 and the sleeve 3 are taken out, the through holes can be directly blocked with cement mortar, and the blocking effect is good, which can avoid water leakage in the later tunnel due to the unblocked hanging holes 61. When all the hanging holes 61 of the construction section are blocked, Fig.11 shown.

[0088] The fixing method for preventing displacement of the segment ring described in this embodiment is used to construct a tunnel, so that the segment ring 6 can be fixed quickly and effectively, thereby speeding up the tunnel construction efficiency, preventing the installed segment ring 6 from being displaced under the action of groundwater or mortar, and improving the forming quality of the tunnel; and the lifting hole 61 is effectively sealed to prevent groundwater from leaking from the lifting port, thereby reducing quality defects and reducing later defect processing.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support rod, characterized in that: The invention comprises a body (4), wherein the body (4) comprises a first segment (1), a second segment (2) and a sleeve (3), wherein one end of the first segment (1) is detachably connected to one end of the second segment (2), the sleeve (3) is sleeved on the first segment (1), the first segment (1) can be moved and fixed in the axial direction of the sleeve (3) inside the sleeve (3), and the outer surface of the sleeve (3) is provided with a thread (32) matched with a hanging hole (61) on a segment ring (6); The outer surface of the section 1 (1) is provided with a second thread (11), the inner surface of the sleeve (3) is provided with a third thread (31) adapted to be connected with the second thread (11), and the length of the second thread (11) is greater than the length of the third thread (31); The end of the first segment (1) is provided with a protrusion, and the end of the second segment (2) is provided with a groove, and the groove and the protrusion are connected by riveting or threading; Alternatively, the section two (2) comprises a plastic sleeve (22) and a plugging cover (21), the plugging cover (21) being arranged at an end of the section two (2) away from the section one (1), the section two (2) being sleeved on the corresponding end of the section one (1), the end face of the section one (1) being in contact with the plugging cover (21), and the section one (1) and the sleeve (3) being both steel components.

2. A fixing system for preventing segment ring displacement, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of fixing groups, each of which is used to fix a segment ring (6), and the fixing groups include at least two support rods as described in claim 1. The sleeve (3) of the main body (4) is threadedly connected to the hanging hole (61) of the segment ring (6), and the end of the second section (2) of the main body (4) is in contact with the support top surface (5).

3. The fixing system for preventing segment ring displacement according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least two of the main bodies (4) of each fixing group are fixed on the center line of the segment ring (6) and in the hoisting holes (61) above the center line.

4. The fixing system for preventing segment ring displacement according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: The fixing groups are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

5. A fixing method for preventing segment ring displacement, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A: Install the segment ring (6), then respectively thread at least two sleeves (3) of the support rod as claimed in claim 1 into the corresponding lifting holes (61), and make the second section (2) of the body (4) abut against the support top surface (5); B: According to the pre-design, repeat step A, after installing the body (4) in the corresponding hanging hole (61) of the corresponding segment ring (6), inject grout into the gap (7) between the segment ring (6) and the support top surface (5); C: After the mortar in the gap (7) solidifies, the segment 1 (1) and the sleeve (3) of all the bodies (4) are removed together to complete the fixing of the corresponding segment ring (6).

6. The fixing method for preventing segment ring displacement according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step A, when installing the body (4), The following steps are involved: A1: Assembling the body (4); A2: Extend the second section (2) of the body (4) into the hoisting hole (61), and thread the sleeve (3) into the hoisting hole (61); A3: Rotate the segment 1 (1) so that the segment 1 (1) drives the segment 2 (2) to abut against the support top surface (5).

7. The fixing method for preventing segment ring displacement according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step C, after the mortar in the gap (7) solidifies, the segment one (1) is rotated to complete the force unloading of the segment one (1) and the segment two (2), and then the sleeve (3) is rotated to allow the sleeve (3) to drive the segment one (1) to withdraw from the lifting hole (61).

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