A variable damping shock absorbing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable damping shock absorbing device, which comprises a piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston cylinder inner sleeve arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston rod inserted in the piston cylinder inner sleeve, and a piston sheet arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, wherein the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve is provided with a circulation hole; the accommodating cavity formed between the piston cylinder outer sleeve and the piston cylinder inner sleeve is filled with compressed air, the piston cylinder inner sleeve is filled with damping oil, and the piston sheet is provided with a through hole for the damping oil to circulate; a compression variable damping mechanism is provided at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve, and a tension variable damping mechanism is provided on the piston rod at the upper part of the piston cylinder inner sleeve. The variable damping shock absorbing device of the invention can change the damping size when the external force it is subjected to changes, adaptively balance the external impacts of different sizes, realize the variable damping adjustment of compression and tension, and is conducive to exerting the variable working condition function of the mechanical damper.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of damping and shock absorption, and in particular relates to a variable damping and shock absorption device. Background Art

[0002] The damping value of a traditional mechanical damper is a fixed value, or can only change within a very small range. This type of damper can only have a good balance and absorption effect on external impact loads within a certain range. The traditional damper will not change the size of the damping value as the size of the external impact changes, so that when the impact load generated by the external force is too large, the impact cannot be smoothly absorbed by the damper.

[0003] At present, the development of damper technology with variable damping size is focused on changing the damping coefficient of magnetic damping oil through electromagnetic changes to change the damping size. This technical route belongs to active variable damping. Active variable damping is expensive due to its complex technology. This technical route takes a long time to develop, but in terms of the current technical maturity, price factors make it difficult to popularize on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a variable damping shock absorbing device.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a variable damping shock absorbing device, comprising a piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston cylinder inner sleeve arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve, a piston rod inserted in the piston cylinder inner sleeve, and a piston sheet arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, wherein the special feature is that the top of the piston cylinder inner sleeve is sealed and connected to the top of the piston cylinder outer sleeve through a sealing box, and the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve is provided with a flow hole;

[0006] The accommodating chamber formed between the outer sleeve of the piston cylinder and the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is filled with compressed air, the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder is filled with damping oil, and the piston plate is provided with a through hole for the damping oil to flow through. Under the action of pressure, the damping oil can flow downward through the flow hole at the bottom of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder into the accommodating chamber and communicate with the compressed air;

[0007] A compression variable damping mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, and a tension variable damping mechanism is arranged at the upper part of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder on the piston rod.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the compression variable damping mechanism includes a first base tube and a first movable cylinder sleeve. The first base tube is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the sleeve in the piston cylinder and is connected with its flow hole. The first movable cylinder sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the first base tube and can slide up and down relative to its outer wall under the action of pressure. A variable pitch spring is arranged in the inner cavity formed between the first base tube and the first movable cylinder sleeve.

[0009] In the above technical solution, a cylinder cover is arranged at the top of the first movable cylinder sleeve, a ring cover is arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units are arranged at intervals circumferentially on the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the outer rings of the cylinder head and the ring cover are both provided with a plurality of flow openings at intervals along the circumferential direction; each group of pressure relief seam units comprises a first pressure relief seam, a second pressure relief seam and a third pressure relief seam which are arranged in sequence at equal intervals.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the length of the first pressure relief seam is 1 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam; the length of the second pressure relief seam is 2 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the tension variable damping mechanism includes a second base tube and a second movable cylinder sleeve. The tube wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve can be embedded in the tube wall of the second base tube under pressure and move up and down relative to it. The outer ring sleeve of the second base tube and the second movable cylinder sleeve is provided with a spring.

[0013] In the above technical solution, a plurality of first racks are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction below the wall of the second base tube, and a first tooth hole is formed between two adjacent first racks;

[0014] A plurality of second racks are arranged at intervals on the upper side of the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve, and a second tooth hole is formed between two adjacent second racks;

[0015] The second movable cylinder sleeve can move upward under the action of pressure, so that the second rack and the first rack are respectively embedded in the first gear hole and the second gear hole.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a first ring plate is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base tube, and the first ring plate abuts against the bottom end of the sealing box;

[0017] A second ring plate is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of through holes are circumferentially arranged at intervals on the second ring plate.

[0018] In the above technical solution, an annular mounting seat is provided on the inner wall of the inner sleeve of the piston cylinder, and the second ring plate of the second movable cylinder sleeve abuts against the annular mounting seat in a free state to seal the through hole.

[0019] In the above technical solution, an annular protrusion is arranged in the middle of the piston rod, and a butterfly spring is arranged on the annular protrusion. The butterfly spring can move upward under the drive of the piston rod to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve to move upward.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Firstly, the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention is provided with a compression variable damping mechanism at the bottom of the sleeve in the piston cylinder, and a tension variable damping mechanism is provided on the piston rod at the upper part of the sleeve in the piston cylinder. When the external force changes, the damping size can be changed to adaptively balance external impacts of different sizes. For example, the greater the external impact, the correspondingly increased damping.

[0022] Secondly, in the compression variable damping mechanism designed for the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention, the first movable cylinder sleeve is arranged on the outside of the first base tube and can slide up and down relative to its outer wall under the action of pressure to change the flow area of ​​the pressure relief gap to adapt to the external load; the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve of the tension variable damping mechanism of the present invention can be embedded in the cylinder wall of the second base tube under the action of pressure and move up and down relative to it to change the flow area of ​​the tooth hole to adapt to the external load.

[0023] Thirdly, the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention utilizes the characteristic of large local energy loss of small hole outflow, so that the damping changes in direct proportion to the compression stroke. The impact energy is consumed by the oil of the damper through the pores of the piston inside the damper to reduce resistance, and the mechanical energy is converted into the internal energy of the oil. When the external impact is greater, the compression stroke of the mechanical damper piston will be greater, and a larger volume of oil cylinder is required to provide more oil to flow through the pores to consume the impact energy. However, the reality is that the oil volume is not allowed to increase infinitely, so it is necessary to change the amount of energy dissipation pores according to the change of external impact under the premise of a certain oil volume, that is, the oil volume in the cylinder remains unchanged. When the damper piston is impacted and the oil cylinder is compressed to drive the oil to flow through the energy dissipation pores, a large impact load corresponds to a smaller flow pore area to obtain a larger local energy loss, and a smaller impact load corresponds to a larger flow pore area. At this time, the local flow energy loss coefficient of the oil is smaller, so the pore flow area is changed to adapt to the external load.

[0024] Fourthly, the structure of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention adopts a mechanical structure. Compared with the current active electromagnetic variable damping method, it has better reliability and economy, and is more valuable for popularization and promotion. Compared with other mechanical variable dampers, the present invention adopts the simplest principle and realizes damping changes by adding a few components on the basis of the traditional damper structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is subjected to external pressure;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of the medium compression variable damping mechanism;

[0027] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is subjected to external pressure and moves downward;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged structural diagram of the medium compression variable damping mechanism;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is at the maximum stroke under external pressure;

[0030] Figure 6 middle Figure 5 An enlarged structural diagram of the medium compression variable damping mechanism;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is subjected to external tension;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7 An enlarged structural diagram of the mid-tension variable damping mechanism;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is subjected to an external pulling force and moves upward;

[0034] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 An enlarged structural diagram of the mid-tension variable damping mechanism;

[0035] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention when it is at the maximum stroke under the external pulling force;

[0036] Fig.12 for Fig.11 An enlarged structural diagram of the mid-tension variable damping mechanism;

[0037] In the figure: 1-piston cylinder outer sleeve, 2-piston cylinder inner sleeve, 2.1-annular mounting seat, 3-piston rod, 3.1-annular protrusion, 4-piston plate, 4.1-through hole, 5-sealing box, 6-flow hole, 7-accommodating chamber, 8-compression variable damping mechanism, 8.1-first base cylinder, 8.2-first movable cylinder sleeve, 8.3-variable pitch spring, 8.4-cylinder head, 8.5-ring cover, 8.6-pressure relief seam unit, 8.61-first A pressure relief seam, 8.62-a second pressure relief seam, 8.63-a third pressure relief seam, 8.7-a flow port, 9-a tension variable damping mechanism, 9.1-a second base tube, 9.11-a first rack, 9.12-a first tooth hole, 9.13-a first ring plate, 9.2-a second movable cylinder sleeve, 9.21-a second rack, 9.22-a second tooth hole, 9.23-a second ring plate, 9.24-a through hole, 9.3-a spring, and 10-a butterfly spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention comprises a piston cylinder outer sleeve 1, a piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1, a piston rod 3 inserted in the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2, and a piston plate 4 arranged at the bottom of the piston rod 3, the top of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is sealed and connected with the top of the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1 through a sealing box 5, and the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with a flow hole 6; the accommodating chamber 7 formed between the piston cylinder outer sleeve 1 and the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is filled with compressed air, the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is filled with damping oil, and the piston plate 4 is provided with a through hole 4.1 for the circulation of damping oil, and the damping oil can flow downward through the flow hole 6 at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 under the action of pressure to enter the accommodating chamber 7 and communicate with the compressed air; the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with a compression variable damping mechanism 8, and the piston rod 3 is provided with a tension variable damping mechanism 9 at the upper part of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2.

[0040] In the above technical solution, the compression variable damping mechanism 8 includes a first base tube 8.1 and a first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. The first base tube 8.1 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the piston cylinder sleeve 2 and communicated with its flow hole 6. The first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is sleeved on the outside of the first base tube 8.1 and can slide up and down relative to its outer wall under the action of pressure. A variable pitch spring 8.3 is arranged in the inner cavity formed between the first base tube 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. A cylinder cover 8.4 is arranged at the top of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, and a ring cover 8.5 is arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. A plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units 8.6 are arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. The outer rings of the cylinder cover 8.4 and the ring cover 8.5 are both provided with a plurality of flow ports 8.7 at intervals along the circumference; each group of pressure relief seam units 8.6 includes a first pressure relief seam 8.61, a second pressure relief seam 8.62 and a third pressure relief seam 8.63 arranged in sequence at equal intervals. The length of the first pressure relief seam 8.61 is 1 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam 8.63; the length of the second pressure relief seam 8.62 is 2 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam 8.63.

[0041] like Figures 7 to 12As shown, the tension variable damping mechanism 9 comprises a second base tube 9.1 and a second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2. The cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 can be embedded in the cylinder wall of the second base tube 9.1 under the action of pressure and move up and down relative to it. The outer ring of the second base tube 9.1 and the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 is provided with a spring 9.3. A plurality of first racks 9.11 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction below the cylinder wall of the second base tube 9.1, and a first tooth hole 9.12 is formed between two adjacent first racks 9.11; a plurality of second racks 9.21 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction above the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2, and a second tooth hole 9.22 is formed between two adjacent second racks 9.21; the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 can move upward under the action of pressure, so that the second rack 9.21 and the first rack 9.11 are respectively embedded in the first tooth hole 9.12 and the second tooth hole 9.22.

[0042] In the above technical solution, a first ring plate 9.13 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base tube 9.1, and the first ring plate 9.13 abuts against the bottom end of the sealing box 5; a second ring plate 9.23 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2, and a plurality of through holes 9.24 are circumferentially arranged at intervals on the second ring plate 9.23.

[0043] In the above technical solution, the inner wall of the piston cylinder inner sleeve 2 is provided with an annular mounting seat 2.1, and the second ring plate 9.23 of the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 abuts against the annular mounting seat 2.1 in a free state to seal the through hole 9.24. The middle part of the piston rod 3 is provided with an annular protrusion 3.1, and the annular protrusion 3.1 is provided with a butterfly spring 10, and the butterfly spring 10 can move upward under the drive of the piston rod 3 to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 to move upward.

[0044] Working principle of the present invention:

[0045] (I) Working principle of the compression variable damping mechanism: When the variable damping shock absorbing device is subjected to an impact load, the impact force of the upper piston is transmitted to the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 moves downward. At this time, the liquid pressure inside the oil cylinder increases, and the increased pressure will squeeze the oil in the cylinder. The oil is squeezed out from the pressure relief slit on the wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. At this time, the oil moves radially relative to the pressure relief slit, and then the oil is squeezed upward through the flow ports 8.7 around the cylinder cover 8.4 at the top of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. The oil moves axially relative to these peripheral flow ports 8.7 and finally returns to the piston cylinder; each time the oil passes through the pressure relief slit under the action of pressure, it consumes the energy of the external impact load in the form of damping, that is, the kinetic energy consumption of the liquid passing through the pressure relief slit.

[0046] The mechanism of variable damping of the compression variable damping mechanism: the oil is squeezed through these pressure relief slits under the action of external pressure to consume mechanical energy. The cylinder wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is designed with vertically arranged pressure relief slit units arranged at intervals of different lengths. The length and spacing of these pressure relief slit units determine that the damping can be adjusted according to the size of the external impact load, and play a similar effect of being stronger when encountering strong loads. The larger the impact load, the greater the damping, the more impact energy can be consumed, and the more conducive to the stability and safety of the mechanical structure. Preferably, in this embodiment, there are three types of pressure relief slit lengths designed on the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 (the first pressure relief slit 8.61, the second pressure relief slit 8.62, and the third pressure relief slit 8.63), which are designed into three-stage equidistant lengths, namely 1 / 3L, 2 / 3L, and 3 / 3L, respectively. L is assumed to be the cylinder length of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2. Different pressure relief slit lengths are the key to achieving variable damping. To illustrate the variable damping mechanism, suppose that the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 is pushed downward by the piston of the upper cylinder. Figure 1 to Figure 6As shown, at this time, the first base tube 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 move toward each other and displace relatively. When the displacement starts to move from the original position to the range of 1 / 3 of the length of the cylinder sleeve, as the displacement progresses, the first base tube 8.1 will gradually cover the pressure relief slits of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 within the range, and the pressure relief slits participating in the pressure relief will be linearly reduced from 100% to 50%, that is, 50% of the pressure relief slits within the range participate in the damping consumption; if the impact of the load is not consumed at this time, the piston of the damper will continue to compress the variable damping mechanism, and the first base tube 8.1 will continue to cover the pressure relief slits within the range of 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2, and the covered area of ​​the pressure relief slits increases from 1 / 2 to 5 / 6, and the damping Further increase, if there is still external impact load that has not been consumed, then from the last 1 / 3 compression stroke, only 1 / 6 of all the pressure relief joints will participate in the damping consumption, conversely, as the first base tube 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 move towards each other and relatively displace, the entire variable damping increases linearly from 0 to twice the original value, then from 2 times to 6 times, and finally from 6 times to the limit value. This limit value can be calculated based on the maximum impact load that the entire damper is designed to withstand. The variable damper solves the problem of stability of large load impact. The damping value of the entire impact process is adaptively adjusted according to the displacement caused by the external impact. The greater the impact, the greater the compression stroke, and the greater the damping value. In addition, compared with the similar continuous perforated variable damping sleeve structure, the advantages of the pressure relief slit type are as follows: (1) It can release pressure by slight elastic deformation under over-design load conditions. When the oil pressure is too large, the narrow slit will be hydraulically split to partially expand the width of the narrow slit. After the oil pressure is released, the narrow slit will return to its original width and has a certain overload working capacity; (2) If the hole-type pressure relief is not handled properly, the one-dimensional hole flow will cause resonance of the cylinder wall during pressure relief, and the metal material will produce a howling or whistling sound, affecting safety (the cause of the whistling sound of Toyota's CVT gearbox acceleration is the resonance of the metal material caused by the circular hole outflow due to poor design considerations); (3) The slit-type pressure relief can ensure that the pressure relief area changes linearly in real time, which is conducive to control.

[0047] The variable pitch spring of the compression variable damping mechanism is also an important component, that is, it provides an elastic reaction force when the first base cylinder 8.1 and the first movable cylinder sleeve 8.2 move relative to each other. The use of a variable pitch spring is another key to the present invention. The characteristics of the variable pitch spring, combined with the above-mentioned variable damping principle, can achieve that when the initial compression damping is small, the spring resistance is small, the oil in the oil cylinder obtains a larger pressure, the flow rate is higher when the oil flows through a narrow gap, and the kinetic energy consumed is more than that of the constant pitch spring; when the impact load is too large and the compression distance is larger, the variable pitch spring can release a greater resistance than the equidistant spring, which is beneficial for the variable damping mechanism to release pressure smoothly even in a large damping state. Simply put, when the damping is small, the variable pitch spring provides a small elastic force, and when the damping is large, the variable pitch spring provides a large elastic force, and the elastic force adapts to the pressure generated by the external impact load.

[0048] (ii) Working principle of the tension variable damping mechanism 9: When the variable damping shock absorbing device is subjected to a tension load, that is, the piston moves upward and exceeds the stroke corresponding to the general tension load, and then continues to move upward, the annular protrusion 3.1 on the piston rod will begin to contact the upper tension variable damping mechanism 9. The annular protrusion 3.1 is newly added to the traditional piston thrust rod. Its function is to move together with the piston rod and transfer the load to the tension variable damping mechanism 9 during a large tension stroke. The annular protrusion 3.1 structure is a concentric circle structure processed on the piston rod, and a butterfly spring 10 is provided on the upper part to cushion the contact impact between the piston rod and the upper tension variable damping mechanism 9.

[0049] The tension variable damping mechanism 9 of the present invention is similar to the compression variable damping mechanism 8. The innovation of the tension variable damping mechanism 9 of the present invention is that the second base tube 9.1 and the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 are designed to be comb-shaped. As the piston moves upward, the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 moves in the same direction. The comb-shaped tooth holes of the second base tube 9.1 and the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 are embedded in each other and gradually close. That is, the greater the load and the longer the piston stroke, the smaller the tooth holes of the second base tube 9.1 and the second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2, and the greater the damping, thereby realizing variable damping. The beneficial effect is that, unlike the compression variable damping mechanism 8 at the bottom, here the piston rod passes through the middle of the tension variable damping mechanism 9, which occupies a large volume and does not have enough space to be made into a sleeve structure like the compression variable damping mechanism 8, so it is designed as a tooth comb structure with equal diameter, and the spring 9.3 is arranged outside the structure to further save space; the opening and closing of the tooth comb gap changes completely linearly and is easier to control, and the oil depressurized from the tooth holes between the variable tooth combs overflows from the through hole 9.24 of the second ring plate 9.23 of the movable second movable cylinder sleeve 9.2 and returns to the piston cylinder.

[0050] The variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention is designed with two sets of variable damping mechanisms (compression variable damping mechanism 8 and tension variable damping mechanism 9), that is, there is one set of variable damping for each of the large stroke compression and tension working conditions of the piston. When the external load on the entire damper is in the small stroke compression and tension working conditions, that is, the external impact load is manifested as a relatively small amplitude of pressure and tension, the piston moves between the oil cylinders between the two sets of variable dampers, consumes kinetic energy through the through holes on the piston, and the damping is immutable. The variable damping shock absorbing device of the present invention realizes the variable damping adjustment of compression and tension, which is conducive to the variable working condition function of the mechanical damper, has high structural reliability, and has the value of promotion and popularization.

[0051] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that the rest that are not described in detail are prior arts. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable damping shock absorbing device, comprising a piston cylinder outer sleeve (1), a piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) arranged in the piston cylinder outer sleeve (1), a piston rod (3) inserted into the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), and a piston plate (4) arranged at the bottom of the piston rod (3), characterized in that: The top of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is sealedly connected to the top of the piston cylinder outer sleeve (1) via a sealing box (5), and a flow hole (6) is provided at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2); The accommodating chamber (7) formed between the piston cylinder outer sleeve (1) and the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is filled with compressed air, the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) is filled with damping oil, and the piston plate (4) is provided with a through hole (4.1) for the damping oil to flow through. Under the action of pressure, the damping oil can flow downward through the flow hole (6) at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2) into the accommodating chamber (7) and communicate with the compressed air; A compression variable damping mechanism (8) is provided at the bottom of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), and a tension variable damping mechanism (9) is provided on the piston rod (3) at the upper portion of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2); The tensile variable damping mechanism (9) comprises a second base tube (9.1) and a second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2); the tube wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) can be embedded in the tube wall of the second base tube (9.1) under the action of pressure and move up and down relative to the tube wall; the outer rings of the second base tube (9.1) and the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) are provided with springs (9.3); A plurality of first racks (9.11) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction below the wall of the second base tube (9.1), and a first tooth hole (9.12) is formed between two adjacent first racks (9.11); A plurality of second racks (9.21) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction above the cylinder wall of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2), and a second tooth hole (9.22) is formed between two adjacent second racks (9.21); The second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) can move upward under the action of pressure, so that the second rack (9.21) and the first rack (9.11) are respectively embedded in the first gear hole (9.12) and the second gear hole (9.22); An annular protrusion (3.1) is provided in the middle of the piston rod (3), and the annular protrusion (3.1) is a concentric circle structure processed on the piston rod; a butterfly spring (10) is provided on the annular protrusion (3.1), and the butterfly spring (10) can move upwards under the drive of the piston rod (3) to drive the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) to move upwards.

2. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression variable damping mechanism (8) comprises a first base tube (8.1) and a first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2); the first base tube (8.1) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner sleeve (2) of the piston cylinder and communicates with the flow hole (6); the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2) is sleeved on the outside of the first base tube (8.1) and can slide up and down relative to the outer wall thereof under the action of pressure; and a variable pitch spring (8.3) is arranged in the inner cavity formed between the first base tube (8.1) and the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2).

3. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cylinder cover (8.4) is arranged at the top end of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2), a ring cover (8.5) is arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the bottom end of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2), and a plurality of groups of pressure relief seam units (8.6) are arranged at intervals circumferentially on the outer wall of the first movable cylinder sleeve (8.2).

4. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer rings of the cylinder cover (8.4) and the ring cover (8.5) are both provided with a plurality of flow openings (8.7) at intervals along the circumferential direction; each group of pressure relief seam units (8.6) comprises a first pressure relief seam (8.61), a second pressure relief seam (8.62) and a third pressure relief seam (8.63) which are arranged in sequence at equal intervals.

5. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the first pressure relief seam (8.61) is 1 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam (8.63); the length of the second pressure relief seam (8.62) is 2 / 3 of the length of the third pressure relief seam (8.63).

6. The variable damping shock absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A first ring plate (9.13) is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the second base tube (9.1), and the first ring plate (9.13) abuts against the bottom end of the sealing box (5); A second ring plate (9.23) is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2), and a plurality of through holes (9.24) are circumferentially arranged at intervals on the second ring plate (9.23); An annular mounting seat (2.1) is provided on the inner wall of the piston cylinder inner sleeve (2), and the second ring plate (9.23) of the second movable cylinder sleeve (9.2) abuts against the annular mounting seat (2.1) in a free state to seal the through hole (9.24).

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