Tunnel evacuation air supply method and personnel evacuation method and evacuation air supply structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tunnel evacuation air supply method and a personnel evacuation method and an evacuation air supply structure, comprising the following steps: the evacuation passage of the prior art is divided into an evacuation passage and a rescue lane, and the air supply device supplies air to the evacuation passage through an air supply pipe, so that the evacuation passage is in a positive pressure state. Without changing the existing evacuation structure, the present invention divides the evacuation passage with a larger volume in the prior art into an evacuation passage and a rescue lane with a smaller volume, so that the cross-section and volume of the evacuation passage are smaller, resulting in a smaller calculated value of the pressurized air supply volume than the prior art, and lower requirements on the power performance of the pressurized air blower, and there will be no problems of insufficient installation space for ventilation equipment and difficulty in selecting the fan; because the air supply pipe is inserted on one side of the evacuation passage, the sealing between the side wall of the evacuation passage and the air supply pipe is good, and no leakage will occur; the evacuation passage has fewer air leakage points, and both ends are closed and not ventilated, so it is easy to maintain positive pressure in the evacuation passage as a whole, and it is safe and reliable for personnel evacuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel safety evacuation and building smoke prevention, and in particular to an evacuation air supply method under a tunnel lane slab, a personnel evacuation method and an evacuation structure. Background Art

[0002] As the escape route for personnel in fire accidents, the reasonable layout and smoke prevention measures of the evacuation passages in highway tunnels are crucial.

[0003] At present, in the field of underwater road tunnels, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, a single-layer shield tunnel generally adopts an evacuation method under the carriageway slab 202. An evacuation passage 205 (for the passage of rescue vehicles and pedestrians), a stairwell / slide room and a corridor are provided under the carriageway slab 202. An escape hole 2031 is generally provided every 80 meters on the carriageway 202. The escape hole 2031 is connected to the stairwell / slide room 204 under the slab. An evacuation passage 205 (for the passage of rescue vehicles and pedestrians), a stairwell / slide room 204 and a corridor are provided under the carriageway slab 202. When a fire occurs in the tunnel body 200, personnel enter the stairwell / slide room 204 through the escape hole 2031, and then enter the evacuation passage 205 from the stairwell / slide room 204 to escape to the working shafts at both ends of the tunnel. In order to prevent smoke from entering the evacuation passage 205 and ensure the safety of personnel evacuation, it is necessary to ensure that the evacuation passage 205 maintains a positive pressure state. Generally, a pressurized air supply fan 210 is installed in the working shafts at both ends of the tunnel to supply pressurized air to the evacuation passage 205. A working shaft 208 is provided at both ends of the tunnel, and a rescue vehicle entrance and exit 211 is provided on the working shaft 208.

[0004] There are three major problems when the above-mentioned setting method of the evacuation channel 205 is applied in long tunnels and extra-long tunnel projects: ① The pressurized air supply effect is poor, and the two ends of the evacuation channel 205 are not closed. In order for rescue vehicles to enter and exit the tunnel entrance and exit, a large amount of pressurized air flow is released to the outdoors through both ends; ② The evacuation channel 205 has a large cross-section and a large volume, resulting in a large calculated value of the pressurized air supply volume, and a high requirement on the power performance of the pressurized air fan 210. There is a problem of insufficient space for the installation of ventilation equipment and difficulty in selecting the fan; ③ The evacuation channel 205 has many air leakage points, and it is difficult to maintain a positive pressure in the evacuation channel 205 as a whole, which poses certain safety hazards to the evacuation of personnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a tunnel evacuation air supply method under a tunnel lane slab, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a tunnel evacuation air supply method, comprising the following steps: dividing the evacuation channel in the prior art into an evacuation channel and a rescue lane, and supplying air to the evacuation channel through an air supply pipe by an air supply device, so that the evacuation channel is in a positive pressure state.

[0007] Furthermore, a sealing structure is provided at the connection between the air supply pipe and the evacuation passage.

[0008] Furthermore, a first partition is provided between the evacuation passage and the rescue lane, and at least one fire door for personnel to pass through is provided on the first partition.

[0009] Furthermore, there are multiple fire doors.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a tunnel evacuation air supply method, which has the following advantages:

[0011] 1. Without changing the evacuation structure of the prior art, by dividing the larger evacuation passage in the prior art into smaller evacuation passages and rescue lanes, the cross-section and volume of the evacuation passage are smaller, resulting in a smaller calculated value of the pressurized air supply volume than the prior art, and lower requirements on the power performance of the pressurized air blower, and there will be no problems of insufficient installation space for ventilation equipment and difficulty in fan selection;

[0012] 2. Since the air supply pipe is inserted on one side of the evacuation passage, the evacuation passage and the working well are well sealed, and there will be no air leakage at the end of the evacuation passage;

[0013] 3. The evacuation passage has few air leakage points, and it is easier to maintain positive pressure in the evacuation passage as a whole, which is safe and reliable for personnel evacuation.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for evacuating personnel, comprising the following steps: when a dangerous situation occurs, the evacuation passage in the prior art is divided into an evacuation passage and a rescue lane, and an air supply device supplies air to the evacuation passage through an air supply pipe, so that the evacuation passage is in a positive pressure state; the escape cover is opened, and after the personnel enter the escape opening, they follow the slide room or stairwell through the fire door on the second partition to enter the evacuation passage, and the personnel can walk along the evacuation passage to at least one end of the tunnel body for evacuation.

[0015] Furthermore, a first partition is provided between the evacuation passage and the rescue lane, and at least one fire door for personnel to pass through is provided on the first partition. Personnel can pass through the fire door to enter the rescue lane and wait for the rescue vehicle to transport the escapees to at least one end of the tunnel body for evacuation.

[0016] Furthermore, a working well and a pressure well are respectively provided at both ends of the tunnel body, and each working well is provided with an entrance and exit for a rescue vehicle.

[0017] The present invention also provides an evacuation air supply structure, which is located under the tunnel lane slab. The evacuation structure includes an air supply device, an air supply pipe, an evacuation channel and a rescue lane. A first partition is provided between the evacuation channel and the rescue lane. The air supply device is connected to the evacuation channel through the air supply pipe, so that the evacuation channel is in a positive pressure state.

[0018] Furthermore, the first partition is provided with at least one fire door for personnel to pass through.

[0019] Furthermore, at least one end of the rescue lane is provided with a safety exit for the rescue vehicle to enter and exit.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation of the present invention is given in detail by the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 A side view of the internal structure of a tunnel safety evacuation structure provided in the prior art installed in a tunnel;

[0023] Figure 2 A top view of the internal structure of a tunnel safety evacuation structure under a tunnel lane slab provided in the prior art;

[0024] Figure 3 A top view of the internal structure of a tunnel safety evacuation structure under a tunnel lane slab provided in Example 1 of the present invention (a state where a fire door is provided on the first partition);

[0025] Figure 4 A top view of the internal structure of a tunnel safety evacuation structure under a tunnel lane slab provided in Example 1 of the present invention (in a state where there is no fire door on the first partition);

[0026] Figure 5 A left view of the internal structure of a tunnel safety evacuation structure under a tunnel lane slab provided in Example 1 of the present invention (with a fire door on the first partition).

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of a tunnel smoke exhaust device in a tunnel provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6A schematic diagram of a top view of a tunnel smoke exhaust device installed on a flue plate is provided;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic AA cross-sectional view of a tunnel smoke exhaust device installed on a flue plate is provided;

[0030] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 An enlarged view of a tunnel smoke exhaust device installed at position B on the flue plate is provided;

[0031] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A three-dimensional diagram of a casting frame of a smoke exhaust valve structure in a tunnel smoke exhaust device is provided.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0033] 100. Tunnel smoke exhaust device; 10. Smoke exhaust valve structure; 11. Precast concrete frame; 12. Embedded bolts; 13. Nuts; 14. Gaskets; 15. Embedded steel plate of flue plate; 16. Sealing fireproof glue; 17. Embedded steel plate of base; 18. Smoke exhaust valve body; 20. Flue plate; 21. Air hole; 200, tunnel body; 201, smoke exhaust duct; 202, lane plate; 203, escape cover; 2031, escape exit; 204, slide room / stairwell; 205, evacuation passage; 206, rescue vehicle; 207, cable channel; 208, working shaft; 209, air supply shaft; 210, pressurized air supply fan; 2101, air supply duct; 211, rescue vehicle entrance and exit; 212, residual pressure valve; 213, emergency exit; 214, fire door; 215, rescue lane; 216, first partition; 217, second partition; 218, third partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-10 The principles and features of the present invention are described, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following paragraphs, the present invention is described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer according to the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a component centered. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1-5 As shown, embodiment 1 provides a tunnel safety evacuation structure located under the tunnel lane slab, including an escape cover 203 installed on one side of the lane slab 202, the escape cover 203 is located at the lane evacuation opening on the side of the lane, the lane evacuation opening is connected to the slide room / stairwell 204 in the side space under the tunnel lane slab 202, the slide room / stairwell 204 is connected to the evacuation passage 205 under the lane slab through a fire door 214, and there is a fire door between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the evacuation passage 205 The residual pressure valve 212, the evacuation channel 205 is connected with the rescue lane 215 in the middle space under the lane plate 202 through the fire door 214, and the side of the rescue lane 215 is provided with a cable channel 207. Tunnel working shafts 208 are provided at both ends of the tunnel. The tunnel working shaft 208 is provided with an air supply shaft 209 connected to the outdoor atmosphere. A pressurized air supply fan 210 and an air supply pipe 2101 connected to the air supply shaft 209 are provided in the tunnel working shaft 208, and the pressurized air supply fan 210 directly acts on the evacuation channel 205. With the present invention, the evacuation passage 205 is separated separately and located between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the rescue lane 215. The cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation passage 205 are greatly reduced, and both ends of the evacuation passage 205 are closed spaces. The pressurized air supply fan 210 delivers fresh air to the evacuation passage 205, and there is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, which ensures the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply. A residual pressure valve 212 is provided between the evacuation passage 205 and the slide room / stairwell 204, which can ensure that the evacuation passage 205 maintains a positive pressure state and ensures the safety of personnel evacuation. For tunnels that do not have a rescue lane function, the rescue lane 215 in the present invention can replace other functional spaces, and the fire doors between other functional spaces and the evacuation passage 205 are cancelled, and other settings remain unchanged.

[0038] The evacuation air supply structure is located under the tunnel lane slab 202. The evacuation structure includes an air supply device, an air supply pipe 2101, an evacuation channel 205 and a rescue lane 215. A first partition 216 is provided between the evacuation channel 205 and the rescue lane 215. The air supply device is connected to the evacuation channel 205 through the air supply pipe, so that the evacuation channel 205 is in a positive pressure state.

[0039] Furthermore, the first partition plate 216 is provided with at least one fire door 214 for personnel to pass through.

[0040] Furthermore, at least one end of the rescue lane 215 is provided with a safety exit 213 for the rescue vehicle to enter and exit.

[0041] Example 1 also provides a tunnel evacuation air supply method, comprising the following steps: dividing the evacuation channel in the prior art into an evacuation channel 205 and a rescue lane 215, and supplying air to the evacuation channel 205 through an air supply pipe 2101 by an air supply device, so that the evacuation channel 205 is in a positive pressure state.

[0042] Furthermore, a sealing structure is provided at the connection between the air supply pipe 2101 and the evacuation passage 205 .

[0043] Furthermore, a first partition 216 is provided between the evacuation passage 205 and the rescue lane 215 , and at least one fire door 214 is provided on the first partition 216 for personnel to pass through.

[0044] Furthermore, there are multiple fire doors 214.

[0045] Embodiment 1 provides a tunnel evacuation air supply method, which has the following advantages:

[0046] 1. Without changing the evacuation structure of the prior art, by dividing the larger evacuation passage in the prior art into smaller evacuation passages 205 and rescue lanes 215, the evacuation passage 205 has a smaller cross-section and a smaller volume, resulting in a smaller calculated value of the pressurized air supply volume than the prior art, and lower requirements on the power performance of the pressurized air blower 210, and there will be no problems of insufficient installation space for ventilation equipment and difficulty in fan selection;

[0047] 2. Since the air supply pipe 2101 is inserted into one side of the evacuation passage 205, the side wall of the evacuation passage 205 and the air supply pipe 2101 are well sealed and no leakage will occur;

[0048] 3. The evacuation passage 205 has fewer air leakage points and is closed at both ends to prevent air leakage. It is relatively easy to maintain positive pressure in the evacuation passage 205 as a whole, which is safe and reliable for personnel evacuation.

[0049] Embodiment 1 also provides a method for evacuating personnel, comprising the following steps: when a dangerous situation occurs, the evacuation passage in the prior art is divided into an evacuation passage 205 and a rescue lane 215, and the air supply device supplies air to the evacuation passage 205 through the air supply pipe, so that the evacuation passage 205 is in a positive pressure state; the escape cover 203 is opened, and after the personnel drill into the escape opening 2031, they follow the slide room or stairwell 204 through the fire door 214 on the second partition 217 to enter the evacuation passage 205, and the personnel can walk along the evacuation passage 205 to at least one end of the tunnel body 200 for evacuation.

[0050] Furthermore, a first partition 216 is provided between the evacuation passage 205 and the rescue lane 215, and at least one fire door 214 is provided on the first partition 216 for personnel to pass through. Personnel can pass through the fire door 214 to enter the rescue lane 215 and wait for the rescue vehicle to transport the escapees to at least one end of the tunnel body 200 for evacuation.

[0051] Furthermore, a working shaft 208 and a ventilation shaft 209 are respectively provided at both ends of the tunnel body 200 , and each of the working shafts 208 is provided with an entrance and exit 211 for a rescue vehicle.

[0052] The specific working principle and use method of Example 1 are as follows: In this Example 1, the evacuation passage 205 is separated and located between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the rescue lane 215. The evacuation passage 205 is provided with a fire door between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the rescue lane 215. When a fire occurs, personnel enter the slide room / stairwell 204 from the lane evacuation port, and then enter the evacuation passage 205 through the fire door. Personnel can evacuate along the evacuation passage 205 to the two ends of the tunnel on foot, or enter the rescue lane 215 and evacuate by taking a rescue vehicle. When a fire occurs, the pressurized blower 210 located in the working shaft 208 blows fresh air into the tunnel. It is delivered into the evacuation passage 205 and adjusted by the residual pressure valve to maintain the evacuation passage 205 in a positive pressure state, effectively preventing smoke from spreading into the evacuation passage 205; the pressurized air supply fan 210 delivers fresh air to the evacuation passage 205, and there is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, which ensures the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply. A residual pressure valve is provided between the evacuation passage 205 and the slide room / stairwell 204 to ensure that the evacuation passage maintains a positive pressure state and ensures the safety of personnel evacuation; under this layout, the cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation passage are greatly reduced, and the sealing is stronger, which can effectively reduce the pressurized air supply volume of the evacuation passage, which is conducive to reducing the fan selection air volume and saving equipment installation space.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, when the rescue lane 215 function is provided in the tunnel, it includes a lane evacuation opening (i.e., an escape opening 2031) located on the side of the lane, the lane evacuation opening is connected to the slide room / stairwell 204 in the side space under the tunnel lane plate 202, the slide room / stairwell 204 is connected to the evacuation passage 205 under the lane plate 202 through a fire door 4, a residual pressure valve 212 is provided between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the evacuation passage 205, the evacuation passage 205 is connected to the rescue lane / other functional space 215 in the middle space under the lane plate 202 through a fire door 214, a cable channel 207 is provided on the side of the rescue lane 215, tunnel working shafts 208 are provided at both ends of the tunnel, the tunnel working shaft 208 is provided with an air supply shaft 209 connected to the outdoor atmosphere, a pressurized air supply fan 210 connected to the air supply shaft 209 is provided in the tunnel working shaft 208, and the pressurized air supply fan 210 directly acts on the evacuation passage 205.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, when the tunnel is not provided with the rescue lane 215 function: it includes a lane evacuation opening (i.e., an escape opening 2031) located on the side of the lane, the lane evacuation opening is connected to the slide room / stairwell 204 in the side space below the tunnel lane plate 202, the slide room / stairwell 204 is connected to the evacuation passage 205 under the lane plate through a fire door 214, a residual pressure valve 212 is provided between the slide room / stairwell 204 and the evacuation passage 205, a corridor 207 is provided on the side of the evacuation passage 205, tunnel working shafts 208 are provided at both ends of the tunnel, the tunnel working shaft 208 is provided with an air supply shaft 209 connected to the outdoor atmosphere, a pressurized air supply fan 210 connected to the air supply shaft 209 is provided in the tunnel working shaft 208, and the pressurized air supply fan 210 directly acts on the evacuation passage 205.

[0055] In Example 1, the evacuation channel 205 is independently arranged, which ensures the closedness of the evacuation channel 205, is conducive to maintaining the positive pressure state of the entire channel, can effectively prevent smoke from invading the evacuation channel, and ensure the breathing safety and visual clarity of personnel evacuation; after the application of Example 1, the pressurized air supply volume of the evacuation channel can be effectively reduced, which is conducive to reducing the air volume of the fan selection and saving equipment installation space, saving the initial investment in engineering equipment and civil engineering; the invention has the advantages of convenient construction and simple structure, and there is no need to destroy the civil engineering structure under the shield tunnel lane slab. It can easily realize the transformation of the existing tunnel smoke prevention system, and is also suitable for the design and construction of new tunnels. Example 2

[0056] like Figure 6-10 As shown, Example 2 provides a tunnel, which includes a tunnel body 200 and a tunnel smoke exhaust device 100, wherein a smoke exhaust duct 201 is formed between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body 200 and the flue plate 20, and the tunnel smoke exhaust device 100 is used to exhaust smoke when a fire occurs in the tunnel body 200.

[0057] A lane plate 202 is provided at the bottom of the tunnel body 200, a plurality of escape cover plates 203 are provided on one side of the lane plate 202, a slide room / stairwell 204 is provided below the escape cover plates 203, a safety passage 205 is provided on one side of the slide room / stairwell 204, a rescue vehicle 206 is provided on the safety passage 205, and a cable passage 207 is provided on one side of the safety passage 205.

[0058] The tunnel smoke exhaust device 100 includes at least one smoke exhaust valve structure 10 and a flue plate 20 installed on the top of the tunnel body 200, and the flue plate 20 is provided with at least one air hole 21. Each of the smoke exhaust valve structures 10 is installed in each air hole 21 in the flue plate 20, and the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures 10 is lower than or equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate 20.

[0059] The above embodiment provides a tunnel smoke exhaust device 100. After the smoke passes through the smoke exhaust valve structure 10 and enters the smoke exhaust duct 201 formed between the flue plate 20 and the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body 200, and circulates, since the upper surface height of each smoke exhaust valve structure 10 is lower than or equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate 20, it will not cause any obstruction to the circulation of the smoke, thereby reducing the power performance requirements of the smoke exhaust fan, improving the circulation efficiency of the smoke and saving the power energy of the smoke exhaust fan, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art that the smoke exhaust device fails due to insufficient power and causes serious harm to the tunnel structure and personnel evacuation.

[0060] Furthermore, the height of the upper surface of each of the exhaust valve structures 10 is equal to the height of the upper surface of the flue plate 20, so that when the smoke goes out from the exhaust port on the upper part of the exhaust valve structure 10, it is directly pushed outward along the exhaust duct 201 in sequence, and the air holes 21 of the flue plate 20 will not form an obstacle to it. After the exhaust valve is installed, it is level with the exhaust bottom plate, which will not cause sudden expansion and contraction of the airflow, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced.

[0061] Furthermore, there are multiple smoke exhaust valve structures 10 to facilitate comprehensive smoke exhaust at various points in the tunnel 200.

[0062] Furthermore, smoke exhaust fans are provided at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct 201 .

[0063] It can be understood that the flue plate 20 forms a duct in the top space with the tunnel body 200, and the smoke exhaust fan is located in each duct.

[0064] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust valve structure 10 includes a precast concrete frame 11 and a smoke exhaust valve body 18 . The smoke exhaust valve body 18 is installed in the concrete frame 11 . The precast concrete frame 11 is installed at each air hole 21 in the flue plate 20 .

[0065] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust valve structure 10 further includes a base embedded steel plate 17 , and the base embedded steel plate 17 is clamped and fastened between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body 18 and the upper surface of the precast concrete frame 11 .

[0066] By prefabricating the concrete frame 11 , the embedded bolts 12 and the base embedded steel plate 17 in one piece, the smoke exhaust valve body 18 can be securely mounted on the base embedded steel plate 17 .

[0067] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust valve structure 10 is an electric smoke exhaust valve, which is easy to control automatically and more convenient.

[0068] Furthermore, a plurality of embedded bolts 12 are installed on the edge of the embedded steel plate 17 of the base, and a nut 13 is connected to the end of each embedded bolt 12 after passing through the flue plate 20, a gasket 14 is provided between the nut 13 and the upper surface of the flue plate 20, and a flue plate embedded steel plate 15 is also sandwiched between the gasket 14 and the upper surface of the flue plate 20.

[0069] Furthermore, in order to further increase safety, stability and sealing, a sealing fireproof adhesive 16 is sandwiched between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body 18 and the upper surface of the precast concrete frame 11 , and the sealing fireproof adhesive 16 is located at the joint between the air hole 21 and the concrete frame 11 .

[0070] The specific working principle and installation method of Example 2 are as follows: During the actual installation process, the present invention should reserve the air hole 21 and the installation hole of the smoke exhaust valve base (precast concrete frame 11) on the flue plate 20 in advance according to the size of the smoke exhaust port, and pre-embed the flue plate pre-embedded steel plate 15. The pre-embedded bolts 12 on the precast concrete frame 11 and the installation hole of the smoke exhaust valve base (precast concrete frame 11) are clearance-matched, and are fastened by gaskets 13 and nuts 13, which can ensure that the precast concrete frame 11 is firmly installed on the flue plate 20. The precast concrete frame 11 and the flue plate 20 are provided with a sealing fireproof rubber strip 16 at the joint, which can ensure the excellent sealing performance of the base (precast concrete frame 11). By adopting the present invention, a groove structure can be formed with the flue plate 20. After the electric smoke exhaust valve is installed, the surface of the valve body is flush with the flue plate 20, and the airflow passes without obvious sudden expansion and contraction, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced. The main structure concrete frame 11 of the present invention can be completed offline in the factory, which can ensure the standardization of the size of the precast unit. The present invention is also applicable to the installation of the smoke exhaust port in the arched flue plate 20. The smoke exhaust valve base is a prefabricated concrete frame 11.

[0071] Embodiment 2 provides a tunnel smoke exhaust device 100, which has the following advantages:

[0072] 1. The prefabricated concrete frame 11 can be prefabricated in an integrated manner on a factory line, ensuring the standardization of the size of the prefabricated units and improving the efficiency of on-site construction;

[0073] 2. During the construction process, the smoke exhaust valve structure 10 can be installed in an open area on site and then lifted to the flue plate 20 for fastening. The precast concrete frame 11 can form a groove structure with the flue plate 20, providing excellent installation conditions for the smoke exhaust valve structure 10;

[0074] 3. After the application of embodiment 2, it can be ensured that there is no sudden expansion or contraction of the cross section at the installation of the smoke exhaust valve body 18, and the local resistance is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to improving the exhaust efficiency of the smoke exhaust fan while reducing the exhaust design air volume, which is beneficial to reducing the fan selection air volume and reducing the construction area of ​​the smoke exhaust duct, saving the initial investment in engineering equipment and construction;

[0075] 4. Embodiment 2 has the advantages of easy installation and simple structure. It does not need to destroy the civil engineering structure of the smoke exhaust duct, and can easily realize the transformation of the existing tunnel smoke exhaust system. It is also suitable for the design and construction of new tunnels.

[0076] Embodiment 2 also provides an assembled low-resistance highway tunnel smoke exhaust structure and installation method, which solves the problem of large local resistance of the traditional installation method of the tunnel electric smoke exhaust port without destroying the civil engineering structure of the smoke exhaust duct, and has the advantages of being prefabricated in the factory, convenient installation, stable and reliable, economical and practical, etc. The main structure of the smoke exhaust valve base (prefabricated concrete frame 11) in the present invention is a bottom-hanging concrete frame, which is installed on the flue bottom plate to form a groove for the installation of the smoke exhaust valve. After the smoke exhaust valve is installed, it is level with the smoke exhaust bottom plate, which will not cause sudden expansion and contraction of the airflow, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the drawings and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel evacuation air supply method, characterized in that: The tunnel evacuation ventilation method adopts an evacuation ventilation structure, which is located at the bottom of the tunnel. The tunnel comprises a tunnel body (200) and a tunnel smoke exhaust device (100), wherein a smoke exhaust duct (201) is formed between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200) and the flue plate (20), and the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) is used to exhaust smoke when a fire occurs in the tunnel body (200); a carriage plate (202) is provided at the bottom of the tunnel body (200), a plurality of escape cover plates (203) are provided on one side of the carriage plate (202), a slide room (204) is provided below the escape cover plate (203), and an evacuation passage (205) is provided on one side of the slide room (204); the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) comprises a plurality of smoke exhaust valve structures (10) and a flue plate (20) installed at the top of the tunnel body (200), At least one air hole (21) is provided in the flue plate (20), and each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is installed in each of the air holes (21) in the flue plate (20), and the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20); after the smoke passes through the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) and enters the smoke exhaust duct (201) formed between the flue plate (20) and the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200), and when the smoke flows, since the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), the smoke flow is not hindered, the power performance requirements for the smoke exhaust fan are reduced, the smoke flow efficiency is improved, and the power energy of the smoke exhaust fan is saved; There are multiple smoke exhaust valve structures (10) to facilitate comprehensive smoke exhaust at various points in the tunnel body (200); the upper surface height of each smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), so that when smoke goes out from the smoke exhaust port at the top of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10), it is directly pushed outward along the smoke exhaust duct (201) in sequence, and the air holes (21) of the flue plate (20) will not form an obstacle to it. The upper surface height of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), which will not cause sudden expansion and contraction of the airflow, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced; smoke exhaust fans are provided at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct (201); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) includes precast concrete The smoke exhaust valve structure (10) comprises a precast concrete frame (11) and a smoke exhaust valve body (18), wherein the smoke exhaust valve body (18) is installed in the precast concrete frame (11), and the precast concrete frame (11) is installed at each air hole (21) in the flue plate (20); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) further comprises a base embedded steel plate (17), wherein the base embedded steel plate (17) is clamped and fastened between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the precast concrete frame (11); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is an electric smoke exhaust valve, so as to facilitate automatic control and be more convenient; a plurality of embedded bolts (12) are installed on the edge of the base embedded steel plate (17), and each embedded bolt (12) passes through the flue plate (20) and then is fixed to the flue plate (20). The end of the smoke exhaust valve (18) is connected to a nut (13), a gasket (14) is provided between the nut (13) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20), and a smoke duct plate embedded steel plate (15) is sandwiched between the gasket (14) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20); by prefabricating the prefabricated concrete frame (11) with the embedded bolts (12) and the base embedded steel plate (17) in one piece, the smoke exhaust valve body (18) can be securely mounted on the base embedded steel plate (17); in order to further increase safety, stability and sealing, a sealing fireproof glue (16) is sandwiched between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the prefabricated concrete frame (11), and the sealing fireproof glue (16) is located at the bottom of the smoke exhaust valve body (18). The air hole (21) is fitted with the precast concrete frame (11); the precast concrete frame (11) is prefabricated in an integrated manner on the factory line, ensuring the standardization of the size of the prefabricated unit and improving the efficiency of on-site construction; during the construction process, the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is installed in an open area on site and then lifted to the flue plate (20) for fastening, and the precast concrete frame (11) can form a groove structure with the flue plate (20), providing excellent installation conditions for the smoke exhaust valve structure (10); the smoke exhaust valve body (18) has no sudden expansion or contraction of the cross section at the installation location, and the local resistance is greatly reduced, which is conducive to improving the exhaust efficiency of the smoke exhaust fan while reducing the exhaust design air volume, which is conducive to reducing the fan selection air volume and reducing the civil construction area of ​​the smoke exhaust duct; The evacuation air supply structure comprises an escape cover (203) installed on one side of the lane plate (202), the escape cover (203) being located at the lane evacuation opening on the side of the lane, the lane evacuation opening being connected to a slide room (204) in the side space under the tunnel lane plate (202), the slide room (204) being connected to an evacuation passage (205) under the lane plate through a fire door (214), a residual pressure valve (212) being provided between the slide room (204) and the evacuation passage (205), which can ensure that a positive pressure state is maintained in the evacuation passage (205) to ensure the safety of personnel evacuation, the evacuation passage (205) being connected to a rescue lane (215) in the middle space under the lane plate (202) through a fire door (214), and a cable passage (201) being provided on the side of the rescue lane (215). 7) A tunnel working shaft (208) is provided at both ends of the tunnel. The tunnel working shaft (208) is provided with an air supply shaft (209) connected to the outdoor atmosphere. A pressurized air supply fan (210) and an air supply pipe (2101) connected to the air supply shaft (209) are provided in the tunnel working shaft (208). The pressurized air supply fan (210) directly acts on the evacuation passage (205). The evacuation passage (205) is separated and located between the slide room (204) and the rescue lane (215). The cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation passage (205) are greatly reduced, and both ends of the evacuation passage (205) are closed spaces. The pressurized air supply fan (210) delivers fresh air to the evacuation passage (205). There is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of pressurized air supply. The method comprises the following steps: dividing an evacuation passage in the prior art into an evacuation passage (205) and a rescue lane (215); supplying air to the evacuation passage (205) through an air supply pipe (2101) by an air supply device, so that the evacuation passage (205) is in a positive pressure state; a sealing structure is provided at the connection between the air supply pipe (2101) and the evacuation passage (205); a first partition (216) is provided between the evacuation passage (205) and the rescue lane (215); at least one fire door (214) for personnel to pass through is provided on the first partition (216); and a larger evacuation passage is divided into smaller evacuation passages. The evacuation passage (205) and the rescue lane (215) are connected. The evacuation passage (205) has a small cross-section and a small volume, and has low requirements on the power performance of the pressurized air supply fan (210). There will be no problems such as insufficient installation space for ventilation equipment and difficulty in selecting a fan. Since the air supply pipe (2101) is inserted on one side of the evacuation passage (205), the side wall of the evacuation passage (205) and the air supply pipe (2101) are well sealed and will not leak. The evacuation passage (205) has fewer air leakage points, and both ends are closed to prevent air leakage. It is relatively easy to maintain positive pressure in the evacuation passage (205) as a whole, which is safe and reliable for personnel evacuation.

2. A tunnel evacuation air supply method according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple fire doors (214).

3. A method for evacuating personnel, characterized in that: The personnel evacuation method adopts the evacuation air supply structure, which is located at the bottom of the tunnel. The tunnel comprises a tunnel body (200) and a tunnel smoke exhaust device (100), wherein a smoke exhaust duct (201) is formed between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200) and the flue plate (20), and the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) is used to exhaust smoke when a fire occurs in the tunnel body (200); a carriage plate (202) is provided at the bottom of the tunnel body (200), a plurality of escape cover plates (203) are provided on one side of the carriage plate (202), a slide room (204) is provided below the escape cover plate (203), and an evacuation passage (205) is provided on one side of the slide room (204); the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) comprises a plurality of smoke exhaust valve structures (10) and a flue plate (20) installed at the top of the tunnel body (200), At least one air hole (21) is provided in the flue plate (20), and each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is installed in each of the air holes (21) in the flue plate (20), and the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20); after the smoke passes through the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) and enters the smoke exhaust duct (201) formed between the flue plate (20) and the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200), and when the smoke flows, since the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), the smoke flow is not hindered, the power performance requirements for the smoke exhaust fan are reduced, the smoke flow efficiency is improved, and the power energy of the smoke exhaust fan is saved; There are multiple smoke exhaust valve structures (10) to facilitate comprehensive smoke exhaust at various points in the tunnel body (200); the upper surface height of each smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), so that when smoke goes out from the smoke exhaust port at the top of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10), it is directly pushed outward along the smoke exhaust duct (201) in sequence, and the air holes (21) of the flue plate (20) will not form an obstacle to it. The upper surface height of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), which will not cause sudden expansion and contraction of the airflow, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced; smoke exhaust fans are provided at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct (201); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) includes precast concrete The smoke exhaust valve structure (10) comprises a precast concrete frame (11) and a smoke exhaust valve body (18), wherein the smoke exhaust valve body (18) is installed in the precast concrete frame (11), and the precast concrete frame (11) is installed at each air hole (21) in the flue plate (20); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) further comprises a base embedded steel plate (17), wherein the base embedded steel plate (17) is clamped and fastened between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the precast concrete frame (11); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is an electric smoke exhaust valve, so as to facilitate automatic control and be more convenient; a plurality of embedded bolts (12) are installed on the edge of the base embedded steel plate (17), and each embedded bolt (12) passes through the flue plate (20) and then is fixed to the flue plate (20). The end of the smoke exhaust valve (18) is connected to a nut (13), a gasket (14) is provided between the nut (13) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20), and a smoke duct plate embedded steel plate (15) is sandwiched between the gasket (14) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20); by prefabricating the prefabricated concrete frame (11) with the embedded bolts (12) and the base embedded steel plate (17) in one piece, the smoke exhaust valve body (18) can be securely mounted on the base embedded steel plate (17); in order to further increase safety, stability and sealing, a sealing fireproof glue (16) is sandwiched between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the prefabricated concrete frame (11), and the sealing fireproof glue (16) is located at the bottom of the smoke exhaust valve body (18). The air hole (21) is fitted with the precast concrete frame (11); the precast concrete frame (11) is prefabricated in an integrated manner on the factory line, ensuring the standardization of the size of the prefabricated unit and improving the efficiency of on-site construction; during the construction process, the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is installed in an open area on site and then lifted to the flue plate (20) for fastening, and the precast concrete frame (11) can form a groove structure with the flue plate (20), providing excellent installation conditions for the smoke exhaust valve structure (10); the smoke exhaust valve body (18) has no sudden expansion or contraction of the cross section at the installation location, and the local resistance is greatly reduced, which is conducive to improving the exhaust efficiency of the smoke exhaust fan while reducing the exhaust design air volume, which is conducive to reducing the fan selection air volume and reducing the civil construction area of ​​the smoke exhaust duct; The evacuation air supply structure comprises an escape cover (203) installed on one side of the lane plate (202). The escape cover (203) is located at the lane evacuation opening on the side of the lane. The lane evacuation opening is connected to a slide room (204) in the side space under the tunnel lane plate (202). A second partition (217) is provided between the slide room (204) and the evacuation passage (205) under the lane plate, and the slide room (204) and the evacuation passage (205) are connected through a fire door (214). A residual pressure valve (212) is provided between the slide room (204) and the evacuation passage (205), which can ensure that a positive pressure state is maintained in the evacuation passage (205) to ensure the safety of personnel evacuation. The evacuation passage (205) is connected to a rescue lane (215) in the middle space under the lane plate (202) through the fire door (214). The side of the rescue lane (215) is provided with a A cable channel (207) is provided with a tunnel working shaft (208) at both ends of the tunnel, the tunnel working shaft (208) is provided with an air supply shaft (209) connected to the outdoor atmosphere, a pressurized air supply fan (210) and an air supply pipe (2101) connected to the air supply shaft (209) are provided in the tunnel working shaft (208), and the pressurized air supply fan (210) directly acts on the evacuation channel (205); the evacuation channel (205) is separated and located between the slide room (204) and the rescue lane (215), the cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation channel (205) are greatly reduced, and the two ends of the evacuation channel (205) are closed spaces; the pressurized air supply fan (210) transports fresh air to the evacuation channel (205), and there is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of pressurized air supply; The method comprises the following steps: when a dangerous situation occurs, the evacuation passage in the prior art is divided into an evacuation passage (205) and a rescue lane (215), and an air supply device supplies air to the evacuation passage (205) through an air supply pipe (2101), so that the evacuation passage (205) is in a positive pressure state; After the escape cover (203) is opened, the personnel enter the escape opening (2031) and then walk along the slide room (204) through the fire door (214) on the second partition (217) to enter the evacuation passage (205). The personnel can walk along the evacuation passage to at least one end of the tunnel body (200) for evacuation. A first partition (216) is provided between the evacuation passage (205) and the rescue lane (215). The first partition (216) is provided with at least one fire door (214) for the personnel to pass through. The personnel can pass through the fire door (214) to enter the rescue lane (215) and wait for the rescue vehicle to transport the escaped personnel to at least one end of the tunnel body (200) for evacuation. A working shaft (208) and a pressurized shaft (209) are provided at both ends of the tunnel body (200), and each working shaft (208) is provided with a rescue vehicle entrance and exit (211). The evacuation passage (205) is separated and located between the slide room (204) and the rescue lane (215). The evacuation passage (205) is provided with a fire door between the slide room (204) and the rescue lane (215). When a fire occurs, personnel enter the slide room (204) from the lane evacuation port, and then enter the evacuation passage (205) through the fire door. Personnel can evacuate along the evacuation passage (205) to the two ends of the tunnel on foot, or enter the rescue lane (215) and evacuate by taking a rescue vehicle. When a fire occurs, a pressurized blower (210) located in the working shaft (208) delivers fresh air into the evacuation passage (205). The residual pressure valve is adjusted to maintain the evacuation passage (205) in a positive pressure state, effectively preventing smoke from spreading into the evacuation passage (205); the pressurized air supply fan (210) delivers fresh air to the evacuation passage (205), and there is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply. A residual pressure valve is provided between the evacuation passage (205) and the slide room (204), which can ensure that the evacuation passage maintains a positive pressure state and ensure the safety of personnel evacuation; under this layout, the cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation passage are greatly reduced, and the sealing is stronger, which can effectively reduce the pressurized air supply volume of the evacuation passage, which is conducive to reducing the air volume of the fan selection and saving equipment installation space.

4. An evacuation air supply structure, located under the tunnel lane slab, characterized in that: The tunnel comprises a tunnel body (200) and a tunnel smoke exhaust device (100), wherein a smoke exhaust duct (201) is formed between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200) and the flue plate (20), and the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) is used to exhaust smoke when a fire occurs in the tunnel body (200); a carriage plate (202) is provided at the bottom of the tunnel body (200), a plurality of escape cover plates (203) are provided on one side of the carriage plate (202), a slide room (204) is provided below the escape cover plate (203), and an evacuation passage (205) is provided on one side of the slide room (204); the tunnel smoke exhaust device (100) comprises a plurality of smoke exhaust valve structures (10) and a flue plate (20) installed at the top of the tunnel body (200), At least one air hole (21) is provided in the flue plate (20), and each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is installed in each of the air holes (21) in the flue plate (20), and the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20); after the smoke passes through the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) and enters the smoke exhaust duct (201) formed between the flue plate (20) and the top of the inner wall of the tunnel body (200), and when the smoke flows, since the upper surface height of each of the smoke exhaust valve structures (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), the smoke flow is not hindered, the power performance requirements for the smoke exhaust fan are reduced, the smoke flow efficiency is improved, and the power energy of the smoke exhaust fan is saved; There are multiple smoke exhaust valve structures (10) to facilitate comprehensive smoke exhaust at various points in the tunnel body (200); the upper surface height of each smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), so that when smoke goes out from the smoke exhaust port at the top of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10), it is directly pushed outward along the smoke exhaust duct (201) in sequence, and the air holes (21) of the flue plate (20) will not form an obstacle to it. The upper surface height of the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is equal to the upper surface height of the flue plate (20), which will not cause sudden expansion and contraction of the airflow, and the local resistance can be greatly reduced; smoke exhaust fans are provided at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct (201); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) includes precast concrete The smoke exhaust valve structure (10) comprises a precast concrete frame (11) and a smoke exhaust valve body (18), wherein the smoke exhaust valve body (18) is installed in the precast concrete frame (11), and the precast concrete frame (11) is installed at each air hole (21) in the flue plate (20); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) further comprises a base embedded steel plate (17), wherein the base embedded steel plate (17) is clamped and fastened between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the precast concrete frame (11); the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is an electric smoke exhaust valve, so as to facilitate automatic control and be more convenient; a plurality of embedded bolts (12) are installed on the edge of the base embedded steel plate (17), and each embedded bolt (12) passes through the flue plate (20) and then is fixed to the flue plate (20). The end of the smoke exhaust valve (18) is connected to a nut (13), a gasket (14) is provided between the nut (13) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20), and a smoke duct plate embedded steel plate (15) is sandwiched between the gasket (14) and the upper surface of the smoke duct plate (20); by prefabricating the prefabricated concrete frame (11) with the embedded bolts (12) and the base embedded steel plate (17) in one piece, the smoke exhaust valve body (18) can be securely mounted on the base embedded steel plate (17); in order to further increase safety, stability and sealing, a sealing fireproof glue (16) is sandwiched between the lower surface of the smoke exhaust valve body (18) and the upper surface of the prefabricated concrete frame (11), and the sealing fireproof glue (16) is located at the bottom of the smoke exhaust valve body (18). The air hole (21) is fitted with the precast concrete frame (11); the precast concrete frame (11) is prefabricated in an integrated manner on the factory line, ensuring the standardization of the size of the prefabricated unit and improving the efficiency of on-site construction; during the construction process, the smoke exhaust valve structure (10) is installed in an open area on site and then lifted to the flue plate (20) for fastening, and the precast concrete frame (11) can form a groove structure with the flue plate (20), providing excellent installation conditions for the smoke exhaust valve structure (10); the smoke exhaust valve body (18) has no sudden expansion or contraction of the cross section at the installation location, and the local resistance is greatly reduced, which is conducive to improving the exhaust efficiency of the smoke exhaust fan while reducing the exhaust design air volume, which is conducive to reducing the fan selection air volume and reducing the civil construction area of ​​the smoke exhaust duct; The evacuation air supply structure comprises an air supply device, an air supply pipe (2101), an evacuation passage (205) and a rescue lane (215); a first partition (216) is provided between the evacuation passage (205) and the rescue lane (215); the air supply device is connected to the evacuation passage (205) through the air supply pipe (2101), so that the evacuation passage (205) is in a positive pressure state; at least one fire door (214) is provided on the first partition (216) for personnel to pass through; specifically, the evacuation air supply structure The tunnel also includes an escape cover (203) installed on one side of the lane plate (202). The escape cover (203) is located at the lane evacuation port on the side of the lane. The lane evacuation port is connected to a slide room (204) in the lower side space of the tunnel lane plate (202). The slide room (204) is connected to an evacuation passage (205) under the lane plate through a fire door (214). A residual pressure valve (212) is provided between the slide room (204) and the evacuation passage (205), which can ensure that a positive pressure state is maintained in the evacuation passage (205) to ensure the evacuation of personnel. The evacuation passage (205) is connected to the rescue lane (215) in the middle space below the lane plate (202) through a fire door (214). A cable channel (207) is provided on the side of the rescue lane (215). Tunnel working shafts (208) are provided at both ends of the tunnel. The tunnel working shaft (208) is provided with an air supply shaft (209) connected to the outdoor atmosphere. A pressurized air supply fan (210) and an air supply pipe (2101) connected to the air supply shaft (209) are provided in the tunnel working shaft (208). The pressurized air supply fan (210) is directly connected to the air supply shaft (209). Acting on the evacuation passage (205); the evacuation passage (205) is separated and located between the slide room (204) and the rescue lane (215); the cross-sectional area and volume of the evacuation passage (205) are greatly reduced, and both ends of the evacuation passage (205) are closed spaces; the pressurized air supply fan (210) delivers fresh air to the evacuation passage (205); there is no air leakage from the entrance and exit of the rescue vehicle, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply; at least one end of the rescue lane (215) is provided with a safety exit (213) for the rescue vehicle to enter and exit.

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