A mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft and a construction method thereof. The mechanized supporting construction equipment for the large-slope inclined shaft includes a modified excavation trolley, and the modified excavation trolley includes a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a cab. The cab is located on one outer wall of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly. The construction method of the mechanized supporting construction equipment for the large-slope inclined shaft includes the following steps: S1: Construction preparation: 1) Selection of mine hoist; 2) Arrangement and installation of mine hoist; 3) Erection of slag discharge trestle; 4) Layout of air, water, electricity and pedestrian walkways during construction; 5) Track laying. The present invention proposes a track layout and installation method combining temporary tracks and permanent tracks. Due to the large slope of the inclined shaft, it is unsafe for traditional wheeled excavation trolleys to walk in the shaft. In this construction method, the excavation platform is welded to the PC160 excavator chassis to achieve safe walking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft construction for rail transportation, and particularly to a mechanized supporting construction equipment for large-gradient inclined shafts and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the maturity of construction technology and the improvement of construction mechanization, in the past two decades or so, the proportion of long tunnels in railway and highway construction has been increasing. To solve the ventilation problem in long tunnels, inclined shafts or vertical shafts are generally built. At present, the domestic construction experience of inclined shafts for rail transportation is not very rich, and the relevant technologies and specifications are not yet perfect. The traditional construction methods and mechanical configurations cannot meet the increasingly urgent construction period requirements.

[0003] When constructing large-gradient inclined shafts, the trackless mucking method in traditional inclined shaft construction cannot be used. Because the gradient of the inclined shaft is relatively large, the mucking efficiency of the loader is low, the equipment wear is large, and a large amount of exhaust gas is generated, which is not easy to discharge in the inclined shaft and will greatly damage the health of construction workers. Therefore, through comprehensive technical research, the project department has carried out technological innovation on the construction technology of large-gradient inclined shafts, modified some inclined shaft construction equipment, and proposed a combined construction method for mechanized construction of large-gradient inclined shafts by rail, achieving the purpose of safely, efficiently and quickly driving large-gradient inclined shafts, highlighting the superiority of mechanized supporting construction of large-gradient inclined shafts in terms of safety, technology, economy, environmental protection, etc., and obtaining good economic and social benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a mechanized supporting construction equipment for large-gradient inclined shafts and a construction method thereof.

[0005] A mechanized supporting construction equipment for large-gradient inclined shafts proposed by the present invention includes a modified excavation jumbo. The modified excavation jumbo includes a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a cab. The cab is located on one side outer wall of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly. The PC160 excavator chassis assembly includes a crawler assembly, a chassis, an oil pressure pump, a distribution valve and a low-speed motor. The crawler assemblies are symmetrically distributed on both bottom outer walls of the chassis. One end of the oil pressure pump is connected with an oil pipe, and one end of the oil pipe is connected with the distribution valve. The output end of the low-speed motor is connected with one end of the oil pressure pump. The inclined shaft excavation platform includes steel columns, longitudinal steel beams and an anti-slip steel mesh. The steel columns and longitudinal steel beams are fixed through a criss-cross structure, and the bottom outer wall of the anti-slip steel mesh is fixedly connected to the fixed connection surface outer wall of the steel columns and longitudinal steel beams.

[0006] Preferably, end collision blocks are provided at the ends of the longitudinal steel beams on the top outer wall of the inclined shaft excavation platform.

[0007] Preferably, short pillars are fixedly connected to the joints at the four corners of the cab and the inclined shaft excavation platform, and cross beam braces are provided between the other ends of the short pillars on the beam and the longitudinal steel beam at the bottom end of the inclined shaft excavation platform.

[0008] Preferably, the control end of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly is connected to the low-speed motor.

[0009] A construction method for a large-slope inclined shaft mechanized matching construction equipment is carried out according to the following steps:

[0010] S1: Construction preparation:

[0011] 1) Selection of mine hoist;

[0012] 2) Arrangement and installation of mine hoist;

[0013] 3) Erection of muck unloading trestle;

[0014] Layout of wind, water, electricity and pedestrian walkways during construction;

[0015] Track laying;

[0016] S2: Advanced prediction: To ensure the accuracy of the geological advanced prediction in front of the inclined shaft heading face, this construction method comprehensively uses three methods, namely ground penetrating radar, TSP303 and advanced drilling, to achieve the purpose of accurate prediction;

[0017] S3: Survey and positioning: The total station is used to measure and set out the inclined shaft, and then the laser orientation instrument is installed. The total station checks and adjusts the position of the laser orientation instrument so that its beam is at the same position as the point released by the total station, and the laser orientation instrument is used to accurately position the blasting holes;

[0018] S4: Drilling and blasting: The operation is carried out in the way of "fixed person and fixed position". The charging and networking methods for inclined shaft construction are basically the same as those for other tunnel heading face construction methods. The difference lies in the initiation method. Due to the influence of stray current, to ensure safety, antistatic electric detonators are used for initiation, and smooth blasting is carried out with water-resistant emulsion explosives;

[0019] S5: Inspection of track and equipment: After each blasting, the track installed in the inclined shaft and the configured signal and video monitoring system should be checked in time to ensure the safety of construction personnel during muck removal;

[0020] S6: Mucking and muck removal: After checking the track and monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft, an excavator is used for mucking, a side-tipping mine car is used for loading muck, and when the mine hoist is used for muck removal, at the muck unloading point outside the tunnel, a loader is used in cooperation with a dump truck to transport the muck to the designated muck yard;

[0021] S7: Initial support: To ensure construction safety, after mucking is completed, shotcrete is applied using a wet shotcreting machine. During the construction of the inclined shaft, mechanized operation of the shotcreting work was completed using a wet shotcreting machine and a shotcreting manipulator, completing a mechanized supporting construction cycle step for a large-gradient inclined shaft.

[0022] Preferably, in the layout and installation of the mine hoist in S1, the inner and outer deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the mine hoist drum and the skywheel should be less than 1°30′, and the skywheel of the mine hoist uses a fixed skywheel. The angle between the steel wire rope of the mine hoist and the ground is not less than 15°.

[0023] Preferably, in the step of erecting the muck unloading trestle in S1, the upper track rail of the muck unloading trestle uses 43 Kg / m rail, and 20-channel steel is used as the sleeper with a spacing of 80 cm. Holes are drilled in the channel steel and connected and fixed to the rail using fasteners. A guard rail and a curved rail are installed on the muck unloading trestle. The muck unloading trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers with a clear span of 10 m. The pier foundation of the muck unloading trestle consists of 4 circular columns of reinforced concrete structure and a concrete platform. φ22 steel bars are arranged longitudinally and transversely in the concrete foundation with a spacing of 30 cm, in two upper and lower rows, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the two rows of main bars. The height of the muck unloading trestle is adapted to the angle between the steel wire rope of the mine hoist and the skywheel. An I32 steel longitudinal beam is erected on the muck unloading trestle, and one is arranged under each of the rail and the curved rail. The two ends of the I32 steel longitudinal beam are welded and fixed to the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier. I20 steel inclined braces are arranged at both sides of the pier under the I32 steel longitudinal beam. The I20 steel inclined braces are welded and fixed to the I32 steel longitudinal beam and the embedded steel plate on the pier side wall. A collision-proof retaining wall is arranged at one end of the muck unloading trestle close to the skywheel, and the collision-proof retaining wall uses a reinforced concrete structure with a height up to 20 cm below the lifting center line. φ22 main bars are arranged in the collision-proof retaining wall with a spacing of 30 cm, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the main bars.

[0024] Preferably, in the layout of wind, water, electricity, and pedestrian walkways during the construction in S1, the high-pressure air system uses 3 air compressors of 22 m 3 / s and φ150 mm air supply steel pipes. The high-voltage substation is set near the hoist winch room. The high-voltage substation is equipped with two 800 KVA transformers. The water supply system is supplied by a high-level water tank with a water storage capacity of 200 m 3 , the water supply pipe is a φ100 mm steel pipe. The tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel. The fan model is a 2*110 KW axial flow fan, and a φ1500 mm flexible ventilation pipe is suspended. Personnel go up and down the well using mine car transportation and pedestrian walkways. The construction pedestrian walkway is set on one side of the wind and water pipes. The width of each step of the ladder is 30 cm, the length is 100 cm, and the height is 10 cm. A 120 cm high temporary railing is set on the side close to the track, and the handrail is welded to the vertical steel pipe.

[0025] Preferably, in the track laying of S1, the track construction mainly lies in the layout of the track. During the excavation of the inclined shaft, the track is mainly divided into temporary track and permanent track. At least two sets of anti-creeper devices should be installed on each rail, and there should be three track gauge tie rods, cable support wheels, safety brakes and other track auxiliary devices for each pair of rails, which should be laid together with the track.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. Electric drive, rapid unloading: This construction method uses a rail transportation mine car for hoisting and transportation, with electric drive. Compared with the traditional use of a muck truck for trackless mucking, it reduces the pollution of the environment inside the inclined shaft and improves the working environment of workers. At the same time, the rail transportation for mucking is faster, safer in transportation, and faster in unloading.

[0028] 2. Mechanized combination, reasonable and economical: In the selection, layout and installation of equipment, according to the reasonable operation process, the operation equipment such as the winch house, headstock gear, muck unloading trestle, transportation track, mine car, excavator, excavation jumbo, etc. are scientifically configured, improving the degree of mechanization and making the combination more reasonable and economical.

[0029] 3. Equipment modification, enhanced applicability: Considering the large slope of the inclined shaft, the general wheeled excavation jumbo and shotcrete machine can no longer meet the construction requirements. Therefore, the chassis of a 135 excavator is replaced on the excavation jumbo, and the wheeled walking is replaced by tracked walking. At the same time, the wheeled walking of the shotcrete machine is modified into rail walking, which is convenient for concrete transportation and shotcrete support for the lining of the inclined shaft. Through appropriate modification, the applicability of the construction machinery supporting the inclined shaft construction is improved, and the construction progress is accelerated.

[0030] 4. Visual monitoring, information-based construction: By using modern information technology means, video monitoring is installed inside the inclined shaft, and a monitoring and command room with a 24-hour duty system is set up to monitor the internal situation of the inclined shaft in real time to ensure the construction safety during the hoisting of the hoisting mine car.

[0031] 5. Introduction of PLC control, improvement of the performance of the mine hoist: To improve the economic and social benefits of the inclined shaft construction operation and solve the problem of speed regulation when using the mine hoist, this construction method specially introduces PLC (programmable logic controller) to meet various complex situations that occur during the inclined shaft construction, enabling better innovation of the human-machine interface, completing the real-time control of the hoist, and ensuring construction safety.

[0032] 6. Strong operability, easy to promote. This construction method is highly targeted, with good performance of the tunneling, mucking and mucking equipment, mature and simple operation technology, easy for operators to master, and easy to promote.

[0033] In summary, this construction method integrates and appropriately modifies the current domestic machinery for inclined shaft construction to form a complete set of mechanized supporting construction system for large-slope inclined shafts.

[0034] Compared with the trackless mucking transportation in traditional inclined shafts of tunnels, this construction method proposes a method for laying and installing tracks that combines temporary tracks and permanent tracks. Temporary tracks are used within a range of 30 m behind the tunnel face, and permanent tracks are used in the completed sections. As the inclined shaft is excavated, the permanent tracks gradually replace the temporary tracks.

[0035] Compared with the track laying in the previous construction of inclined shaft rail transportation, this construction method uses precast reinforced concrete sleepers specifically for coal mines. After connecting the steel rails with gauge tie rods, the concrete slab is integrally cast, turning the temporary tracks into permanent tracks. Due to the relatively large slope of the inclined shaft, it is unsafe for traditional wheeled excavation jumbo to travel in the shaft. In this construction method, the excavation gantry is welded to the chassis of a 135 excavator, achieving safe travel.

[0036] To solve the exhaust gas generated during construction in the inclined shaft, the construction machinery in the inclined shaft is electrically driven. The tunnel face is excavated using pneumatic leg rock drills and an excavation jumbo, and mucking is carried out using electrically driven rail transportation mine cars. The track layout technology and the roadbed construction technology are used to ensure transportation safety.

[0037] By applying modern information technology, safety monitoring devices for signals and videos are installed in the inclined shaft to ensure the safety of construction personnel in the tunnel.

[0038] An excavator is used to scrape the muck at the tunnel face and transport it to the mine car for mucking. The lifting of the transportation mine car is controlled by a PLC electric control automation control system. The mine car travels up and down under the coordinated command of signals and video monitoring, and is unloaded outside the tunnel under the traction of the winch house.

[0039] Through the integration and modification of the construction equipment for the inclined shaft, a mechanized matching construction method for large - slope inclined shafts has been formed, improving the degree of mechanized construction, filling the gap in the domestic mechanized complete application in the construction of large - slope inclined shafts, providing a reference for the subsequent construction of large - slope inclined shafts, and having broad promotion significance. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 It is a method flow chart of a mechanized matching construction equipment and method for a large - slope inclined shaft proposed by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the winch drum and the sheave layout of a mechanized matching construction equipment and method for a large - slope inclined shaft proposed by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the winch drum and the sheave of a mechanized matching construction equipment and method for a large - slope inclined shaft proposed by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the layout structure of wind, water, electricity and pedestrian walkways for a mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for large-slope inclined shafts proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Front view structure diagram of a modified excavation trolley for a mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for large-slope inclined shafts proposed by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Side view structure diagram of a modified excavation trolley for a mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for large-slope inclined shafts proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the principle of the car stop arrester for the large-slope inclined shaft mechanized supporting construction equipment and method proposed by the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1 crawler assembly, 2 driver's cab, 3 distribution valve, 4 oil pressure pump, 5 low-speed motor, 6 seamless steel pipe, 7 steel column, 8 longitudinal steel beam, 9 short pillar on the beam, 10 end anti-collision block, 11 crossbeam brace, 12 anti-slip steel mesh. Detailed implementation method

[0048] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0049] A mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for large-slope inclined shafts, wherein the construction equipment includes a modified excavation trolley. The modified excavation trolley includes a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a driver's cab 2. The driver's cab 2 is located on the outer wall of one side of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly. The PC160 excavator chassis assembly includes a crawler assembly 1, a chassis, an oil pressure pump 4, a distribution valve 3 and a low-speed motor 5. The crawler assemblies 1 are symmetrically distributed on the outer walls at both ends of the bottom of the chassis. The end of the oil pressure pump 4 is connected with an oil pipe, and the end of the oil pipe is connected with a distribution valve 3. The output end of the low-speed motor 5 is connected with the end of the oil pressure pump 4. The inclined shaft excavation platform includes steel columns 7, longitudinal steel beams 8 and an anti-slip steel mesh 12. The steel columns 7 and the longitudinal steel beams 8 are fixedly structured by criss-crossing. The outer wall of the bottom end of the anti-slip steel mesh 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed connection surface of the steel columns 7 and the longitudinal steel beams 8. End anti-collision blocks 10 are provided at the ends of the longitudinal steel beams 8 on the top outer wall of the inclined shaft excavation platform. Short pillars 9 on the beam are fixedly connected at the joints of the four corners of the driver's cab 2 and the inclined shaft excavation platform. A crossbeam brace 11 is provided between the other end of the short pillar 9 on the beam and the longitudinal steel beam 8 at the bottom end of the inclined shaft excavation platform. The control end of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly is connected with the low-speed motor 5.

[0050] The construction method includes the following steps:

[0051] (1)Selection of Mine Hoist

[0052] Calculated based on the full load during the peak construction period, with the daily rock volume Q m³, and the rock density of 2.5 T / m³.

[0053] Basic parameters: Inclination angle α of the inclined shaft, length L m of the inclined shaft, and daily rock volume Q m³.

[0054] The working system is two shifts per day, with a net hoisting and mucking time of 8 hours per shift; the rock volume per shift is m³. The remaining 4 hours per shift are for auxiliary hoisting time for transporting materials.

[0055] Select the hoisting speed: V = m / s.

[0056] Hoisting method: Double - hook hoisting; Hoisting container: Side - tipping self - unloading mine car;

[0057] Hoisting steel rope: d = 36mm, q1 = 4.78kg / m.

[0058] The time taken for one hoisting cycle: T = L / V + t1 (auxiliary time), generally taking t1 = 120s;

[0059] Number of hoistings per hour: n = 60 / T times

[0060] Number of hoistings per shift: N = 8n times

[0061] Hoisting volume per time Q (T)

[0062] Maximum static tension

[0063] Maximum static tension difference

[0064] Where: L - length of the inclined shaft (m);

[0065] q1 - weight of the steel rope per meter (kg);

[0066] Q - total weight of the transported materials (T);

[0067] Qm - total weight of the mine car (T);

[0068] α - inclination angle of the inclined shaft (°);

[0069] f1 - resistance coefficient during the movement of the mine car, f1 = 0.015;

[0070] f2 - resistance coefficient of the steel rope movement, f2 = 0.2

[0071] Calculated according to the above formula:

[0072] Maximum static tension: Fmax (KN)

[0073] Maximum static tension difference: F difference (KN)

[0074] According to the calculated maximum static tension and the maximum static tension difference, determine the model of the inclined shaft mine hoist with reference to the product technical parameters.

[0075] (2)Arrangement and installation of mine hoist

[0076] The inner and outer deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the mine hoist drum and the sheave should be less than 1°30′, so as to ensure that the steel wire rope can be naturally arranged during the winding process, without back-rope and biting-rope phenomena, convenient for unhooking and hooking, and also prevent the mine car from derailing at the inclined shaft opening. A fixed sheave is adopted, and the included angle between the steel wire rope and the ground is not less than 15°, so as to ensure the best lifting force effect during the operation of the mine hoist.

[0077] Refer to Figure 2-3 , and determine the relative positions of the winch drum, sheave and the hole according to the above principles.

[0078] (3)Erection of muck unloading trestle

[0079] The upper track rail of the muck unloading trestle adopts 43Kg / m rail, and [20 channel steel is used as the sleeper, with a spacing of 80cm. Holes are drilled in the channel steel and connected and fixed to the rail with fasteners. At the same time, guard rails and curved rails are installed on the muck unloading trestle. The trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers, with a clear span of 10m. The pier foundation consists of 4 circular columns and a concrete platform made of reinforced concrete structure. φ22 steel bars are arranged vertically and horizontally in the concrete foundation, with a spacing of 30cm, in two upper and lower rows, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the two rows of main bars. The height of the trestle is determined according to the angle between the steel wire rope of the mine hoist and the sheave. I32 steel beams are erected on the trestle, one for each track and curved rail. The two ends of the longitudinal beam are welded and fixed to the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier. To ensure the safety and stability of the longitudinal beam, I20 steel inclined braces are set at both sides of the pier under each longitudinal beam for support and reinforcement, and the inclined braces are welded and fixed to the longitudinal beam and the embedded steel plate on the side wall of the pier respectively.

[0080] To prevent the mine car from derailing due to out-of-control braking during hoisting, a collision-proof retaining wall needs to be set at one end of the muck unloading trestle close to the sheave. The retaining wall is made of reinforced concrete structure, with a height of 20cm below the lifting center line. φ22 main bars are arranged in the retaining wall, with a spacing of 30cm, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the main bars.

[0081] (4)Layout of wind, water, electricity and pedestrian walkways during construction

[0082] Refer to Figure 4, the construction of feng shui electricity is divided into three systems: air supply, water supply, and power supply. The high-pressure air system is equipped with 3 air compressors with a capacity of 22 m³ / s and φ150 mm air supply steel pipes; the high-voltage substation is set near the hoist winch room and is equipped with two 800 KVA transformers; the water supply system is supplied by a high-position water tank with a water storage capacity of 200 m³, and the water supply pipe is φ100 mm steel pipe; the tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and the fan model is a 2*110 KW axial flow fan, with a φ1500 mm soft ventilation pipe suspended. Personnel go up and down the well by ore car transportation and walk on the footpath. The construction footpath for personnel is set on one side of the feng shui pipe. The width of each step of the ladder is 30 cm, the length is 100 cm, and the height is 10 cm. A 120 cm high temporary railing is set on the side close to the track, and the handrail is connected to the vertical steel pipe by welding.

[0083] (5) Track laying

[0084] The main part of track construction lies in the layout of the track. During the excavation of the inclined shaft, the track is mainly divided into temporary track and permanent track. At least two groups of anti-crawling devices should be installed on each steel rail, and there should be three track gauge tie rods, cable supporting wheels, safety brakes and other track auxiliary devices for each pair of steel rails, which should be laid together with the track.

[0085] 1) Temporary track

[0086] The temporary track is continuously extended as the face advances. The temporary track uses track gauge tie rods to fix the distance between the steel rails, and [20 replaces concrete sleepers, combining steel rails of three different lengths of 2 m, 4 m, and 6 m into an integral track panel. After each cycle of tunnel excavation blasting, the track team selects the corresponding length of the track panel according to the advance length for connection and installation. Cycle in turn. Temporary tracks are used near 30 m of the face, and permanent tracks are used in the completed tunnel sections.

[0087] Requirements for the temporary track: It must be in the same line position as the permanent track. Before placing the temporary track panel, the floor must be flat and dense to ensure that the left and right steel rails of the temporary track run smoothly and prevent the occurrence of derailment incidents. The connection between the temporary track and the permanent track must be tightened to reduce the gap and prevent derailment during operation.

[0088] 2) Permanent track

[0089] Track laying sequence: The track bed is an integral bed, and the sleepers are laid after the inverted arch of the inclined shaft is poured.

[0090] The track anti-skid device anchors the sleeper to the floor bedrock with Φ22×1500mm anchor bolts, with a spacing of 8 meters. At the wellhead and the bottom parking area, car arresters are installed to prevent the mine car from slipping when the winch system brake fails during parking. The track is double-tracked and laid successively with the excavation progress. The rail is 43kg / m; the sleeper is a 200×160×3000 reinforced concrete sleeper with a spacing of 800mm; at the place where the ground roller is installed, a No. 16 channel steel sleeper is used. The track is connected to the steel sleeper with bolts. A ground roller is set every 16 meters, and the installation height of the ground roller is 40mm from the rail surface.

[0091] 5.2.2 Advanced prediction

[0092] To ensure the accuracy of the advanced geological prediction in front of the inclined shaft heading face, this construction method comprehensively uses three methods: ground penetrating radar, TSP303, and advanced drilling, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate prediction. The TSP303 is used to conduct advanced prediction on the range of 200 meters in front of the tunnel heading face to achieve the purpose of medium and short-distance advanced prediction. Then, the SIR-4000 ground penetrating radar is used to conduct short-distance, high-precision, and large-range detection on the range of 40 meters in front of the heading face. According to the radar waveform diagram, the geological conditions in the range of 40 meters behind the entire heading face are preliminarily determined. The on-site working drawing is shown in Figure 5-6. Finally, an electric down-the-hole drill is used for advanced drilling to conduct advanced prediction on the range of 30 meters in front of the heading face. By using the above three advanced prediction devices, an advanced prediction method combining medium and short distances, large cross-sections, and line-surface combination is formed. The prediction results of the three are mutually verified, greatly improving the accuracy of the advanced prediction, reducing the construction risk, and ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0093] 5.2.3 Survey and positioning

[0094] After the advanced prediction is completed, a total station is used to conduct survey and lofting on the inclined shaft. When lofting, the instrument is set up at a position close to the heading face, and the previous basic traverse point is sighted backward. The horizontal angle is turned to the direction of the design center line. Two points are released on the heading face by the method of forward and backward sights. The slope conforms to the design slope, and then a direction line is marked. At a distance of 20m behind the heading face, a laser orientation instrument is installed. After the laser orientation instrument is installed, turn on the laser orientation instrument and, according to the position of the laser beam emitted by the laser orientation instrument, use the total station to check and adjust the position of the laser orientation instrument so that its beam is at the same position as the point released by the total station. Then, use the laser orientation instrument to accurately position the blast holes on the heading face.

[0095] 5.2.4 Drilling and blasting

[0096] Because the slope of the inclined shaft is too large, wheeled rock drilling rigs cannot be used for drilling. Manual drilling operations in inclined shafts are easily restricted by the working environment. The working area at the inclined shaft face is small, and the drilling direction is difficult to control, which can easily cause over-break and under-break. In this regard, after careful investigation, the project department proposed the "fixed person positioning" method, which is to fix the drilling operators to work at a fixed position in the inclined shaft, realizing effective control of over-break and under-break and expansion.

[0097] Due to the large slope of the inclined shaft, ordinary wheeled excavation trolleys can no longer move normally in the inclined shaft. In order to ensure the progress of the project and the quality of construction, the project department welded an excavation gantry on the basis of the PC160 excavator chassis, set hollow cylinders at different positions of the excavation gantry to facilitate the passage of steel bars, and then laid steel bar grids on the steel bars and fixed them firmly with steel wires to form a modified excavation trolley that is more suitable for inclined shafts. For the modified schematic diagram, please refer to Figure 5-6 .

[0098] In order to ensure the air quality in the inclined shaft and protect the health of the workers during construction, a distribution box is installed behind the excavation platform, and an electric-driven crawler excavation trolley is used. During construction, the modified crawler excavation trolley is unfolded left and right, and folded after the construction is completed, and driven away from the inclined shaft construction face to provide a construction area for the subsequent mucking of the excavator, solving the problem of the tunnel being too small in the construction area and the contradiction between the construction equipment. The use of electric drive overcomes the impact of the large-slope inclined shaft on the excavation and drilling, and also ensures the construction environment in the inclined shaft. When the modified excavation trolley arrives at the designated position in front of the face, a construction steel bar grid is set up, and the drilling team holds the air-leg rock drill for manual drilling. The rock drill operator uses a safety belt suspension operation to avoid casualties caused by sudden short rods. The direction of the blasthole is checked with a goniometer, and the direction of the slotted eye and the surrounding eye is strictly controlled so that the slope angle of the well after blasting is consistent with the design. At the same time, the center waistline must be aligned before each drilling. To avoid clogging of the blasthole, a marker is blocked at the mouth of each blasthole after it is drilled to facilitate smooth completion of the blasting.

[0099] The charging and networking methods of inclined shaft construction are basically the same as those of other tunnel face construction methods. The difference lies in the detonation method. Due to the influence of stray current, in order to ensure safety, anti-static electric detonators are used for detonation and water-resistant emulsion explosives are used for smooth surface blasting.

[0100] 5.2.5 Track and equipment inspection

[0101] After each blasting, the tracks installed in the inclined shaft, the configured signals and the video monitoring system shall be inspected in a timely manner to ensure the safety of construction personnel during mucking. The mine hoist adopts a PLC electric control automation control system, and the up and down travel is coordinated and commanded by the signal and video monitoring system. Integrated spherical cameras with night vision function are installed in areas such as the inclined shaft opening and the muck unloading platform outside the tunnel. Signal boxes and direct telephones are installed between the bottom of the inclined shaft and the inclined shaft opening, and between the inclined shaft opening and the driver's operation console in the hoist room. The video monitoring command room is on duty 24 hours a day to ensure construction safety.

[0102] The car stop and arrester are controlled by a PLC program, positioned by an axle encoder and sensors. When the mine car runs to the designated opening (or closing) position, the sensors send signals to the PLC, and the PLC commands the motor to rotate. The motor drives the car stop to rise (or fall). The schematic diagram is referred to Figure 7 .

[0103] 5.2.6 Mucking and removing muck

[0104] After inspecting the tracks and monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft, an excavator is used for mucking and loading the side-tipping mine car. After the signal worker at the bottom of the inclined shaft checks that there are no safety hazards on the tracks, a driving signal is sent to the signal worker at the inclined shaft opening. After the signal worker at the inclined shaft opening checks that there are no safety hazards on the tracks, a driving signal is sent to the mine hoist driver. The mine hoist driver selects the corresponding gear according to the sent signal to drive, and the mine car is hoisted to the muck unloading point outside the tunnel by the mine hoist. When parking, the hoist driver stops according to the signal sent by the signal worker.

[0105] When the mine hoist is removing muck, a full-time signalman is arranged to strengthen the connection between the inclined shaft opening, the bottom of the inclined shaft and the mine hoist room. A car stop is installed at the inclined shaft opening and managed by a special person. The car stop is usually in the normal closed position and can only be opened when releasing the car; a rope-breaking and hook-disengaging safety device is installed on the car body. In case of rope breaking and hook disengaging, the grab hook will automatically fall and hook onto the sleeper to prevent the mine car from sliding down; the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the mine car in a non-hook-removing manner to avoid the possibility of hook disengaging.

[0106] At the muck unloading point outside the tunnel, a loader is used in cooperation with a dump truck to transport the muck to the designated muck disposal site.

[0107] 5.2.7 Initial support

[0108] To ensure construction safety, wet shotcreting is carried out after muck removal is completed. The wet shotcreting machine greatly reduces the dust concentration beside the machine and outside the nozzle during construction operations, eliminates the harm to the health of workers; has high productivity; low rebound rate; when wet spraying, since the water-cement ratio is easy to control and the degree of concrete non-liquefaction is high, the quality of the sprayed concrete can be greatly improved and the homogeneity of the concrete can be enhanced. The shotcrete material is mixed by a mixer outside the tunnel and transported to the inclined shaft opening and then injected into the modified rail-mounted shotcreting machine.

[0109] In order to adapt to the construction environment in the inclined shaft, the shotcrete machine was modified by adding a base that can move on the track, facilitating the shotcrete machine to travel on the track using the mine hoist. Two shotcrete machines are placed separately on both sides of the track, and the placement should be compact and reasonable for workers to feed materials. The length and height of the mine car should be suitable for 4 people to shovel and load two shotcrete machines on the car. In this construction method, two tracks and two mine cars are set up. After the materials in one mine car are used up, it can be switched to the other mine car, and the two mine cars operate alternately, shortening the downtime, ensuring the smooth progress of shotcreting at one time, and ensuring the quality of the initial support. The mixed materials are fed into the hopper of the spraying machine from the discharge port of the mixer through the vibrating screen, and are injected into the straight-through cavity of the rotor by the material distributor and then flow to the discharge port along with the rotation and swirl. During operation, they are transported by the transport vehicle to the entrance of the inclined shaft and then directly poured into the large hopper. The large hopper is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder. When the large hopper is lifted to a certain height, the mixed materials slide down to the distribution hopper under their own weight. The mixed materials reach the receiving hopper of the shotcrete machine through the screen under the action of gravity and the vibrator; there is an admixture in the cylindrical silo. Under the action of gravity and the booster, the admixture is evenly sent to the screen through the screw pump to be fully mixed with the shotcrete material and enter the receiving hopper. The flow of the admixture is controlled by a flow sensor. Compressed air is introduced from the air chamber here to blow the materials into the discharge elbow. Here, another air pressure is introduced by the cyclone, and the materials are blown, accelerated, rotated, and floated in a multi-head air spiral state, enter the conveying pipe, reach the nozzle, and then a small amount of supplementary water (in the case of wet spraying) or liquid accelerator (in the case of wet spraying) is added and sprayed out. In the construction of the inclined shaft, the mechanized operation of shotcreting was completed using wet shotcrete machines and shotcrete manipulators.

[0110] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large - gradient inclined shaft, including a modified excavation jumbo, characterized in that, The modified excavation jumbo includes a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform, and a cab (2). The cab (2) is located on the outer wall of one side of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly. The PC160 excavator chassis assembly includes a crawler assembly (1), a chassis, an oil pump (4), a distribution valve (3), and a low-speed motor (5). The crawler assembly (1) is symmetrically distributed on the outer walls at both ends of the bottom of the chassis. The end of the oil pump (4) is connected to an oil pipe, and the end of the oil pipe is connected to the distribution valve (3). The output end of the low-speed motor (5) is connected to the end of the oil pump (4). The inclined shaft excavation platform includes steel columns (7), longitudinal steel beams (8), and an anti-slip steel mesh sheet (12). The steel columns (7) and the longitudinal steel beams (8) form a fixed structure through vertical and horizontal intersections. The outer wall of the bottom end of the anti-slip steel mesh sheet (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed connection surface of the steel columns (7) and the longitudinal steel beams (8). At the end of the longitudinal steel beam (8) on the top outer wall of the inclined shaft excavation platform, there is an end collision prevention block (10). At the four corners of the cab (2), there are short columns on the beam (9) fixedly connected to the connection with the inclined shaft excavation platform. Between the other end of the short column on the beam (9) and the longitudinal steel beam (8) at the bottom end of the inclined shaft excavation platform, there is a crossbeam brace (11). The control end of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly is connected to the low-speed motor (5).

2. The construction method of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction method of the large slope inclined shaft mechanized supporting construction equipment is carried out according to the following steps: S1: Construction preparation: 1) Selection of mine hoist; 2) Layout and installation of mine hoist; 3) Erection of muck unloading trestle; Layout of ventilation, water, electricity, and pedestrian walkways during construction; Track laying; S2: Advanced prediction: To ensure the accuracy of the geological advanced prediction in front of the inclined shaft heading face, this construction method comprehensively uses three methods: ground penetrating radar, TSP303, and advanced drilling to achieve the purpose of accurate prediction; S3: Survey and positioning: Use a total station to measure and set out the inclined shaft, then install a laser orientation instrument. The total station checks and adjusts the position of the laser orientation instrument to make its beam at the same position as the point set out by the total station, and use the laser orientation instrument to accurately position the blasting holes; S4: Drilling and blasting: Operate in the way of "fixed person and fixed position". The charging and networking methods for inclined shaft construction are basically the same as those for other tunnel heading face construction methods. The difference lies in the initiation method. Due to the influence of stray current, to ensure safety, anti-static electric detonators are used for initiation, and smooth blasting with water-resistant emulsion explosives is carried out; S5: Track and equipment inspection: After each blasting, the tracks installed in the inclined shaft, the configured signal and video monitoring systems should be checked in time to ensure the safety of construction personnel during muck removal; S6: Mucking and muck removal: After checking the tracks and monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft, use an excavator to muck, load the muck with a side-tipping mine car, and when using a mine hoist to remove the muck, at the muck unloading point outside the tunnel, use a loader to cooperate with a dump truck to transport the muck to the designated muck dump site; S7: Initial support: To ensure construction safety, after mucking, shotcrete is applied using a wet shotcreting machine. During the construction of the inclined shaft, the mechanized operation of shotcreting was completed using a wet shotcreting machine and a shotcreting manipulator, completing a mechanized supporting construction cycle step for a large-slope inclined shaft.

3. The construction method of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the layout and installation of the mine hoist in S1, the internal and external deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the mine hoist drum and the head sheave should be less than 1°30′, and a fixed head sheave is used for the mine hoist. The angle between the steel wire rope of the mine hoist and the ground is not less than 15°.

4. The construction method of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that In the step of erecting the muck unloading trestle in S1, the upper track rail of the muck unloading trestle uses 43 Kg / m rail, and 20-channel steel is used as the sleeper with a spacing of 80 cm. Holes are drilled in the channel steel and connected and fixed to the rail using fasteners. A guard rail and a curved rail are installed on the muck unloading trestle. The muck unloading trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers with a clear span of 10 m. The pier foundation of the muck unloading trestle consists of 4 circular columns of reinforced concrete structure and a concrete platform. φ22 steel bars are arranged longitudinally and transversely in the concrete foundation with a spacing of 30 cm, in two upper and lower rows, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the two rows of main bars. The height of the muck unloading trestle is adapted to the angle between the steel wire rope of the mine hoist and the head sheave. An I32 steel longitudinal beam is erected on the muck unloading trestle, and one is arranged under each of the rail and the curved rail. The two ends of the I32 steel longitudinal beam are welded and fixed to the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier. I20 steel diagonal braces are provided at both sides of the pier under the I32 steel longitudinal beam. The I20 steel diagonal braces are welded and fixed to the I32 steel longitudinal beam and the embedded steel plate on the pier side wall. A collision prevention retaining wall is provided at one end of the muck unloading trestle close to the head sheave, and the collision prevention retaining wall is of reinforced concrete structure with a height up to 20 cm below the lifting center line. φ22 main bars are arranged in the collision prevention retaining wall with a spacing of 30 cm, and φ8 stirrups are arranged between the main bars.

5. The construction method of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the layout of wind, water, electricity and pedestrian walkways during the construction of S1, a high-pressure air system uses three 22 m 3 / s air compressors and φ150 mm air supply steel pipes. The high-voltage substation is set near the hoist winch room. Two 800 KVA transformers are installed in the high-voltage substation. The water supply system is supplied by an elevated water tank with a water storage capacity of 200 m 3 . The water supply pipe is a φ100 mm steel pipe. The tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel. The fan model is a 2*110 KW axial flow fan, and a φ1500 mm soft ventilation pipe is suspended. Personnel go up and down the well by ore car transportation and pedestrian walkways. The construction pedestrian walkway is set on one side of the wind and water pipes. Each step of the ladder has a width of 30 cm, a length of 100 cm, and a height of 10 cm. A 120 cm high temporary railing is set on the side close to the track. The connection between the handrail and the vertical steel pipe is welded.

6. The construction method of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-slope inclined shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the track laying in S1, the on-track construction mainly lies in the layout of the track. During the excavation of the inclined shaft, the track is mainly divided into temporary track and permanent track. At least two sets of anti-creeper devices should be installed for each steel rail, and each pair of steel rails should have track auxiliary devices. The track auxiliary devices include three gauge tie rods, a cable support pulley, and a safety brake. The track auxiliary devices are laid together with the track.

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