A high temperature abrasion resistant push plate for a garbage incinerator and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of surface engineering technology, and relates to a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator. The pusher plate includes a pusher plate substrate and a TiC / Fe‑Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate; the TiC / Fe‑Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is formed by alternately cladding Fe‑Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layers and TiC metal ceramic layers as coating materials on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate in turn; the pusher plate has excellent high-temperature abrasion resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in a waste incinerator, and has a long service cycle. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator. The method has a simple process and low cost, and can quickly manufacture a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate at one time. It has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity, and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering and relates to a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a garbage incinerator and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The push plate of the garbage incinerator conveys the burning garbage under the conditions of high temperature, corrosive gas and friction and wear in the furnace. The surface in contact with the garbage is severely abraded, and the other side is severely corroded. The service life is short, which affects the long-term stable service of the incinerator. It is urgent to improve the manufacturing technology and increase the service life. Summary of the invention

[0003] One of the purposes of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a high-temperature abrasion-resistant push plate for a waste incinerator. The upper and lower surfaces of the push plate are clad with a dense ceramic-based composite material coating, which has excellent high-temperature abrasion resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in the waste incinerator, and has a long service period.

[0004] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned high temperature wear resistant pusher plate for a garbage incinerator, which has simple process and low cost, and can quickly manufacture the high temperature wear resistant pusher plate at one time, and has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity and high efficiency.

[0005] To this end, the first aspect of the present invention provides a high temperature wear resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator, which includes a pusher plate substrate and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high density ceramic matrix composite material coating clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate.

[0006] According to the present invention, the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating is formed by alternately cladding Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layers and TiC metal ceramic layers as coating materials on the surface and lower surface of the pusher plate layer by layer.

[0007] In the present invention, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the number of coating material layers N is 8, and the coating materials constituting the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating are arranged in the following order from the inside to the outside: Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer / TiC metal ceramic layer / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer / TiC metal ceramic layer / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer / TiC metal ceramic layer / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer / TiC metal ceramic layer / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer / TiC metal ceramic layer; preferably, the number of coating material layers N is 8, and the thickness of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is 3 mm ± 0.2 mm.

[0009] In the present invention, the TiCFe high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the pusher plate; specifically, preferably, the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer close to the surface of the pusher plate in the TiCFe high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the pusher plate, and the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer and the TiC metal ceramic layer are also metallurgically bonded to each other.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the high temperature wear resistant pusher plate of a waste incinerator as described in the first aspect of the present invention, which comprises:

[0011] Step B, in a closed liquid die forging die on a hydraulic press, alternately laying Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and Ti-C mixed powder on the upper and lower surfaces of a pusher plate from inside to outside;

[0012] Step C, pressurizing the push plate together with the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and the Ti-C mixed powder alternately laid on the upper and lower surfaces thereof, so as to form Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks and Ti-C powder blanks alternately laid from inside to outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the push plate;

[0013] Step D, raising the punch, using a resistance wire short-circuit method to simultaneously ignite the Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks and Ti-C powder blanks alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate, triggering a self-propagating reaction. When the reaction is just over and the gas is completely exhausted, the hydraulic press punch is used to quickly pressurize and compact and maintain the pressure, and then the self-propagating reaction product Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer and TiC metal ceramic layer are used as coating materials and alternately melt-coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside, forming a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density metal-ceramic-based composite material coating, and obtaining a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator.

[0014] According to the method of the present invention, in step B, the number N1 of layers of mixed powder alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blank layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step B, the number N1 of layers of mixed powder alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is 8; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blanks alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is 8; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is 8.

[0016] According to the method of the present invention, the density of the green compact is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding mixed powder.

[0017] According to the method of the present invention, in step D, the pressure holding time is 3-5 minutes.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Ti—C mixed powder is prepared by mixing Ti powder and C powder according to the amounts of reactants in the chemical reaction equation Ti+C=TiC.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder is prepared by mixing Al powder and Fe3O4 powder according to the amounts of reactants in the chemical reaction equation 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe.

[0020] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for manufacturing a high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate (flat plate) for a garbage incinerator. The method includes the following processes: Ti+C=TiC and 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe self-propagating powder materials are prepared respectively according to the principle of self-propagating reaction, and mixed evenly. The upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate in the closed liquid die forging mold on the hydraulic press are successively covered with evenly mixed Ti+C powder and 8Al+3Fe3O4 powder, and the upper and lower layers are both Ti+C powder. Pressurize into a powder blank, raise the punch, and use the resistance wire short-circuit method to ignite the powder blanks on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate at the same time to induce a self-propagating reaction. When the reaction is just over, quickly pressurize and compact and maintain the pressure for 3 minutes. A high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a garbage incinerator is obtained.

[0021] The present invention provides a high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator. The pusher plate includes a pusher plate substrate and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate; the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is formed by Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layers and TiC metal ceramic layers as coating materials, which are alternately clad layer by layer on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate; the pusher plate has excellent high-temperature wear resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in the waste incinerator, and has a long service life. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator. The method has a simple process and low cost, and can quickly manufacture a high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate at one time. It has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity, and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a push plate for a waste incinerator;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of alternately laying Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and Ti-C mixed powder on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of forming Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks and Ti-C powder blanks alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a high temperature wear resistant push plate of a garbage incinerator in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 1-Figure 4 The meanings of the numbers in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1 pusher plate (substrate); 11 upper surface of pusher plate; 12 lower surface of pusher plate; 21 Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder; 22 Ti-C mixed powder; 31 Al-Fe3O4 powder blank; 32 Ti-C powder blank; 41 Fe-Al2O3 ceramic matrix composite material layer; 42 TiC metal ceramic layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, before describing the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, preferred methods and materials are now described.

[0030] I. Terminology

[0031] The term "self-propagating reaction" used in the present invention refers to a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction; the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), also known as combustion synthesis technology, is a technology that utilizes the self-heating and self-conduction effects of high chemical reaction heat between reactants to synthesize materials. Once the reactants are ignited, they will automatically propagate to the unreacted area until the reaction is complete. It is a new method for preparing inorganic compound high-temperature materials.

[0032] The symbol " / " used in the present invention represents a boundary between layers.

[0033] The terms "compact" and "powder compact" in the present invention can be used interchangeably.

[0034] The terms "Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer", "Al2O3-Fe-based ceramic composite material layer" and "Fe-Al2O3 composite ceramic layer" in the present invention can be used interchangeably.

[0035] In the present invention, the terms "TiC cermet layer" and "Ti-C cermet layer" can be used interchangeably.

[0036] II. Implementation Plan

[0037] As mentioned above, the surface of the push plate of the garbage incinerator that contacts the garbage is severely abraded, and the other side is severely corroded, which has a short service life and affects the long-term stable service of the incinerator. It is urgent to improve the manufacturing technology and increase the service life. In view of this, the inventor has conducted a lot of research on the anti-abrasion technology of the surface of the push plate of the garbage incinerator.

[0038] The inventors have found that Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and Ti-C mixed powder are alternately laid on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside and pressed into corresponding powder blanks. By simultaneously initiating a self-propagating reaction of each layer of the powder blanks and maintaining the pressure after the reaction, the reaction products, Al-Fe2O3 ceramic layers and Ti-C metal ceramic layers, are alternately melt-coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside as coating materials, forming a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating. The composite material coating has excellent high-temperature wear resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in a waste incinerator, and has a long service period. The present invention is thus obtained.

[0039] Therefore, the first aspect of the present invention relates to a high temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator, which includes a pusher plate substrate and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate.

[0040] In the present invention, the push plate substrate is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it is a rectangular stainless steel plate. Those skilled in the art should understand that the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate are only relative to the use state, and are not absolutely constant. In fact, the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate can be interchanged according to the use state; generally speaking, the side in contact with the material is called the upper surface in the present invention, and the other side is called the lower surface.

[0041] In the present invention, the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is formed by alternately cladding Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layers and TiC metal ceramic layers as coating materials on the surface and lower surface of the pusher plate layer by layer. The layers close to the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate are both Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layers, and the outermost layers are both TiC metal ceramic layers.

[0042] In the present invention, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the number of coating material layers N is 8, and the high temperature abrasion resistant push plate of the waste incinerator is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4It can be seen that the high temperature abrasion resistant pusher plate of the waste incinerator includes a pusher plate substrate 1, and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high density ceramic-based composite material coating clad on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate; the coating materials constituting the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high density ceramic-based composite material coating are arranged in the following order from inside to outside: Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42; preferably, the thickness of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high density ceramic-based composite material coating is 3mm±0.2mm.

[0044] In the present invention, the TiCFe high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the pusher plate; specifically, preferably, the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 close to the surface of the pusher plate in the TiCFe high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the pusher plate (upper surface 11, lower surface 12), and the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer 41 and the TiC metal ceramic layer 42 are metallurgically bonded to each other.

[0045] The second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a high temperature wear resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising:

[0046] Step B, in a closed liquid forging die (conventional) on a hydraulic press, Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 and Ti-C mixed powder 22 are alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 from the inside to the outside, the layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is all Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21, and the outermost layer is all Ti-C mixed powder 22, see Figure 2 ;

[0047] Step C, pressurizing the push plate 1 together with the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 and the Ti-C mixed powder 22 alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 thereof, so as to form Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks 31 and Ti-C powder blanks 32 alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the push plate 1, the layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the push plate are all Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks 31, and the outermost layer are all TiC powder blanks 32, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 ;

[0048] Step D, raising the convex die in the closed liquid die forging die (conventional) on the hydraulic press, using a resistance wire short-circuit method to simultaneously ignite the Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks 31 and Ti-C powder blanks 32 alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1, and simultaneously initiating a self-propagating reaction on the upper and lower surfaces, and when the reaction is just finished and the gas is completely exhausted, the convex die in the closed liquid die forging die (conventional) on the hydraulic press is quickly pressed and compacted and the pressure is maintained, and the self-propagating reaction product Fe-A The Fe-Al2O3 ceramic matrix composite material layer 41 and the TiC metal ceramic layer 42 are used as coating materials and are alternately clad on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 from the inside to the outside. The layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic matrix composite material layer 41, and the outermost layer is the TiC metal ceramic layer 42. Thus, a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic matrix composite material coating is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate, and a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator is obtained. Figure 4 .

[0049] According to the method of the present invention, in step B, the number N1 of layers of mixed powder alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blank layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably an integer of 2-8.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step B, the number N1 of mixed powder layers alternately laid on the upper surface and the lower surface of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside is 8; at this time, the order of the mixed powder layers alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 from the inside to the outside is: Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22, see Figure 2 Preferably, the total thickness of the mixed powder layers alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the push plate 1 from the inside to the outside is about 40 mm.

[0051] Correspondingly, in step C, the number of powder blank layers N2 formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate and alternately laid from the inside to the outside is 8; at this time, the order of the mixed powder layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 is: Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32, see Figure 3 Preferably, the density of the compact is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding powder; further preferably, the total thickness of the powder compact layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the push plate 1 is about 10 mm.

[0052] Correspondingly, the number of coating material layers N of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating is 8; at this time, the coating materials constituting the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating are arranged from the inside to the outside as follows: Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42; preferably, the thickness of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating is 3 mm ± 0.2 mm.

[0053] According to the method of the present invention, in step D, the pressure holding time is 3-5 minutes.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Ti—C mixed powder is prepared by mixing Ti powder and C powder according to the amounts of reactants in the chemical reaction equation Ti+C=TiC.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder is prepared by mixing Al powder and Fe3O4 powder according to the amounts of reactants in the chemical reaction equation 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe.

[0056] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a high temperature wear resistant push plate (flat plate) for a waste incinerator in the present invention comprises the following process:

[0057] (1) According to the self-propagating reaction principle, Ti+C=TiC self-propagating powder material and 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe self-propagating powder material (both with a powder particle size of 200-300 mesh) were prepared respectively, and the self-propagating powder materials were mixed evenly;

[0058] (2) The upper and lower surfaces of the push plate in the closed liquid die forging die on the hydraulic press are successively covered with evenly mixed 8Al+3Fe3O4 powder and Ti+C powder. The layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the push plate is all 8Al+3Fe3O4 powder, and the outermost layer is all Ti+C powder.

[0059] (3) The powder compact is pressed to 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the powder, the layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the push plate is Al-Fe3O4 powder compact, and the outermost layer is TiC powder compact;

[0060] (4) The punch is raised, and the powder blanks on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate are ignited simultaneously by a resistance wire short-circuit method to initiate a self-propagating reaction. When the reaction is just over and the gas is completely exhausted, the powder blanks are quickly pressed and compacted and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 minutes. The self-propagating reaction products, Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer and Ti-C metal ceramic layer, are used as coating materials and are alternately clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside. The layer close to the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer, and the outermost layer is the TiC metal ceramic layer. Thus, a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is formed to obtain a high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator.

[0061] The inventors have found that titanium carbide (TiC) is a metal ceramic with high high-temperature chemical stability, almost no chemical reaction with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, extremely corrosion-resistant, and is the best choice for the anti-wear coating on the surface of the pusher plate. Titanium carbide (TiC) atoms are strongly covalently bonded, and the coating has high cohesive strength. It has strong anti-wear ability when used as a pusher plate coating. It has several properties similar to metals, such as metallic luster; high melting point, boiling point and hardness, and its hardness is second only to diamond; it has good electrical conductivity and can be welded with metal or welded on the metal surface to form a coating. Titanium carbide is a typical transition metal carbide. It is a mixture of ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds in the same crystal structure. The structure of the crystal determines its basic characteristics such as high hardness, high melting point, wear resistance and electrical conductivity. In the past, TiC was widely used to manufacture metal ceramics, heat-resistant alloys, hard alloys, wear-resistant materials, high-temperature radiation materials and other high-temperature vacuum devices. It is a prominent substantive feature of the present invention to use it as a high-temperature wear-resistant coating for the pusher plate of a garbage incinerator.

[0062] The advantages of selecting the composite reaction hot pressing composite forming of 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe aluminum thermal reaction system and titanium carbide Ti+C=TiC reaction system are: (1) Energy saving: the self-propagating reaction makes full use of the heat released by the chemical reaction itself, and the temperature can reach 1500~4000℃ during the synthesis process. The superposition of two self-propagating reactions and heat can save energy; (2) High efficiency: due to its own heat release, the process of heat transfer from the outside to the material is accelerated, and the reaction rate is generally 0.1~20cm / s; (3) High quality: during the synthesis process, the temperature of the combustion front is extremely high, which can evaporate volatile impurities, so the product is usually of high purity; (4) Low cost: cheap raw materials, simple equipment, energy-saving process, few production personnel, small plant area, and the use of reaction hot pressing method can achieve less or no cutting processing, high material utilization rate, and low machining cost. (5) It is easy to transfer from experiments to large-scale production; (6) The metal ceramics produced by self-propagating reactions have outstanding erosion resistance; (7) Small equipment, high precision and good quality: the product has thixotropy and good fluidity within a period of time after the reaction, and can be densified by pressure. The press forming equipment has a small tonnage and good product quality; (8) The material can be designed: it can be modified by adding fillers to make the material designable. Metal-ceramic matrix composites have excellent high-temperature wear resistance. They can meet the harsh service conditions in waste incinerators. The two reaction products of the reaction hot pressing composite can completely form a metallurgical bond with high bonding strength. If free crystallization occurs after the reaction, the prepared surfacing wear-resistant plate is in a cast state and has many defects such as holes, dendrites, shrinkage cavities, segregation, inclusions, etc. After the self-propagating surfacing is realized, the reaction hot pressing process is carried out to deform it during solidification, break the dendrites, refine the grains, reduce fiber defects, and improve the internal and surface quality. After cooling, a large deformation structure is obtained, which greatly improves the density of the wear-resistant plate, generates residual compressive stress inside, and significantly improves the cohesive strength and hardness of the plate. This process can also greatly reduce the cost of raw materials. Wear-resistant materials can be synthesized by self-propagating combustion in the process of reactive hot pressing and compounding with low-cost raw materials, and the material formula can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different matrix materials. During reactive hot pressing, the surface finish of the workpiece can be improved by reducing the roughness of the mold surface. This method is simple and low-cost, and can quickly manufacture high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plates at one time. It has the advantages of energy saving, fast and high efficiency.

[0063] III. Detection and calculation methods

[0064] The anti-abrasion performance of the pusher plate in the present invention is directly tested by utilizing the actual consumption rate in production.

[0065] The "theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the green compact" in the present invention can be calculated according to formula (1) or (2):

[0066] The theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact is ρ = 1 / (∑mi / ρi ) (1)

[0067] In formula (1), ρ is the theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact, and the unit is g / cm 3 ;

[0068] m i is the mass fraction of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing compacts;

[0069] ρ i is the density of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing the compact, in g / cm 3 ;

[0070] Theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact ρ = ∑V i ×ρ i (2)

[0071] In formula (2), ρ is the theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact, and the unit is g / cm 3 ;

[0072] V i is the volume fraction of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing compacts;

[0073] ρ i is the density of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing the compact, in g / cm 3 .

[0074] Example

[0075] In order to make the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, which are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention. The raw materials or components used in the present invention can be obtained through commercial channels or conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0076] Embodiment 1:

[0077] (1) preparing Ti+C=TiC self-propagating powder material and 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe self-propagating powder material (both with a powder particle size of 200-300 mesh) according to the self-propagating reaction principle, and mixing the respective self-propagating powder materials evenly to obtain Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and Ti-C mixed powder;

[0078] (2) The upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 (see FIG. 1 ) of the push plate 1 in the closed liquid die forging die on the hydraulic press Figure 1) are sequentially laid with Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 and Ti-C mixed powder 22, and 8 layers are alternately laid repeatedly. The order of the mixed powder layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 is: Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22, see Figure 2 ;

[0079] (3) The push plate 1 and the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 and the Ti-C mixed powder 22 alternately laid on its upper surface 11 and lower surface 12 are pressurized together to form Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks 31 and Ti-C powder blanks 32 alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and lower surface 12 of the push plate 1. The order of the mixed powder layers alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and lower surface 12 of the push plate 1 from the inside to the outside is: Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32, see Figure 3 ; The density of the powder blank is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of its corresponding powder;

[0080] (4) The punch is raised, and the Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks 31 and Ti-C powder blanks 32 alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 from the inside to the outside are ignited simultaneously by a resistance wire short-circuit method to induce a self-propagating reaction. When the reaction is just over and the gas is completely exhausted, the hydraulic press punch is used to quickly pressurize and compact the material and maintain the pressure for 3-5 minutes to form a high-density ceramic-based composite material coating on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate, thereby obtaining a high-temperature wear-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator.

[0081] The high temperature wear-resistant pusher plate of a garbage incinerator comprises a pusher plate substrate 1 and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating clad on an upper surface 11 and a lower surface 12 of the pusher plate.

[0082] The coating materials of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating constituting the high-temperature wear-resistant push plate of the waste incinerator are arranged in the following order from inside to outside: Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42, see Figure 4 .

[0083] The actual consumption rate in production is directly used to test the high-temperature and abrasion resistance of the high-temperature and abrasion-resistant pusher plate of the waste incinerator in this embodiment. The results show that the grate plate in this embodiment has good high-temperature (500-600°C) and abrasion resistance, and its service life is about 5-10 times that of the original waste incinerator pusher plate (the service life of the domestic waste incinerator pusher plate is 7-10 months).

[0084] Embodiment 2:

[0085] Step (2) of this embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in that 6 layers are repeatedly laid alternately, and the order of the mixed powder layers laid alternately from the inside to the outside on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 is: Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22 / Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder 21 / Ti-C mixed powder 22;

[0086] Step (3) of this embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in that the order of the mixed powder layers alternately laid on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the pusher plate 1 from the inside to the outside is: Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32 / Al-Fe3O4 powder blank 31 / Ti-C powder blank 32;

[0087] Step (4) of this embodiment is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that the coating materials of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite coating constituting the high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate of the waste incinerator are arranged in the following order from the inside to the outside: Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42 / Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite layer 41 / TiC metal ceramic layer 42.

[0088] The actual consumption rate in production is directly used to test the high-temperature and abrasion resistance of the high-temperature and abrasion-resistant pusher plate of the waste incinerator in this embodiment. The results show that the grate plate in this embodiment has good high-temperature (500-600°C) and abrasion resistance, and its service life is about 5-8 times that of the original waste incinerator pusher plate (the service life of the domestic waste incinerator pusher plate is 7-10 months).

[0089] It should be noted that the embodiments described above are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to typical embodiments, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory words, rather than restrictive words. The present invention may be modified as specified within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the present invention may be revised without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention described therein relates to specific methods, materials and embodiments, it does not mean that the present invention is limited to the specific examples disclosed therein, on the contrary, the present invention can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same functions.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high temperature abrasion resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator, comprising: Step B, in a closed liquid die forging die on a hydraulic press, Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and Ti-C mixed powder are alternately laid on the upper and lower surfaces of a pusher plate from inside to outside; Step C, pressurizing the push plate together with the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder and the Ti-C mixed powder alternately laid on the upper and lower surfaces thereof, so as to form Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks and Ti-C powder blanks alternately laid from inside to outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the push plate; Step D, raising the punch, using a resistance wire short-circuit method to simultaneously ignite the Al-Fe3O4 powder blanks and the Ti-C powder blanks alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate, triggering a self-propagating reaction, and when the reaction is just over and the gas is completely exhausted, using a hydraulic press punch to quickly pressurize and compact and maintain the pressure, and then using the self-propagating reaction product Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer and the TiC metal ceramic layer as coating materials to be alternately clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate from the inside to the outside, forming a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating, and obtaining a high-temperature abrasion-resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator; In step B, the number N1 of layers of mixed powder alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blank layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer greater than or equal to 2; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the number N1 of mixed powder layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer of 2-8; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blank layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is an integer of 2-8; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is an integer of 2-8.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step B, the number N1 of mixed powder layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is 8; correspondingly, in step C, the number N2 of powder blank layers alternately laid from the inside to the outside formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate is 8; further correspondingly, the number N of coating material layers of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is 8.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the powder blank is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding powder; and / or, in step D, the holding time is 3-5 minutes.

5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The Ti-C mixed powder is prepared by mixing Ti powder and C powder according to the amount of reactants in the chemical reaction equation Ti+C=TiC; the Al-Fe3O4 mixed powder is prepared by mixing Al powder and Fe3O4 powder according to the amount of reactants in the chemical reaction equation 8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe.

6. A high temperature wear resistant pusher plate for a waste incinerator prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a pusher plate substrate and a TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high density ceramic matrix composite material coating clad on the upper and lower surfaces of the pusher plate.

7. The pusher plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is 3 mm±0.2 mm.

8. The pusher plate according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the pusher plate.

9. The pusher plate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer close to the pusher plate surface in the TiC / Fe-Al2O3 high-density ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the pusher plate surface, and the Fe-Al2O3 ceramic-based composite material layer and the TiC metal ceramic layer are also metallurgically bonded to each other.

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