Adjustable prism

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adjustable prism (1) for variably deflecting light (L) incident on the adjustable prism (1), the adjustable prism comprising: a member (10) including a transparent and flexible first surface (11), a transparent and flexible second surface (12) facing away from the first surface, and an optical medium (2) provided between the two surfaces such that light incident on the first surface passes through the optical medium and exits the member via the second surface, whereby the light is deflected by the member depending on the angle (W) between the two surfaces; a rigid first optical element (20) including a surface region (21) connected to the first surface; a rigid second optical element (30) including a surface region (31) connected to the second surface; and an actuator system (S) configured to tilt the first optical element and / or the second optical element to adjust the angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an adjustable prism.

[0002] In particular, such an adjustable prism can be used to deflect a light beam incident on the prism in a controlled and adjustable manner, i.e., the optical deflection angle of the light beam can be adjusted.

[0003] Therefore, the adjustable prism according to the present invention can be used in beam steering applications, optical image stabilization, and super-resolution (e.g., by means of pixel shifting). Background Art

[0004] Since it is often necessary to integrate an adjustable prism into devices (such as smartphones and other consumer electronics products) where the installation space in a specific direction is quite limited and small, it is desirable to minimize the design at least in one key dimension of the prism while having as large an optical aperture as possible along this direction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved adjustable prism, particularly an improved adjustable prism related to the above challenges of reducing the installation space in a specific direction and maximizing the optical aperture.

[0006] This object is solved by an adjustable prism according to the present invention.

[0007] Advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are described below.

[0008] According to the present application, an adjustable prism is disclosed, which is used to deflect a light beam incident on the adjustable prism, wherein the adjustable prism comprises:

[0009] - a member, the member comprising a transparent and flexible first surface, a transparent and flexible second surface facing away from the first surface, and an optical medium disposed between the two surfaces, such that light incident on the first surface passes through the optical medium and exits the member via the second surface, thereby deflecting the light through the member according to the angle between the two surfaces,

[0010] - a rigid and transparent first optical element, the first optical element comprising a surface region connected to the first surface,

[0011] - a rigid and transparent second optical element, the second optical element comprising a surface region connected to the second surface, and

[0012] - an actuator system configured to tilt the first optical element and / or the second optical element to adjust the angle.

[0013] In particular, the angle can be a dihedral angle, i.e., an angle in a third plane that lies between the extension planes of the first surface and the second surface and that cuts the intersection line between the two extension planes at right angles.

[0014] In all embodiments, the surface area of the first optical element attached to the member can be a surface area. In particular, the surface area can include a circular, oval, or rectangular shape (other shapes are also conceivable). In the same way, the surface area of the second optical element attached to the member can be a surface area. In particular, the surface area can also include a circular, oval, or rectangular shape (other shapes are also conceivable).

[0015] In particular, the surface area of the optical element does not have to be flat. The surface area can also be curved (e.g., having a concave or convex shape, or forming any other wave-shaped element). The optical element can also have one flat surface (e.g., a surface area), while the opposite surface has a different shape, and vice versa.

[0016] The adjustable prism in principle allows for a smaller height in one direction, which can be approximately the clear aperture of the system, while components such as individual actuators of the actuator system can be arranged along a direction perpendicular to the direction of the height. This allows the adjustable prism to be integrated into devices such as smartphones that have limited mounting space in one direction (e.g., perpendicular to the display surface).

[0017] According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface area of the first optical element is connected to a part of the first surface such that the first surface includes a free circumferential part that is not covered by the surface area of the first optical element, and / or wherein the surface area of the second optical element is connected to a part of the second surface such that the second surface includes a free circumferential part that is not covered by the surface area of the second optical element. In particular, the circumferential part of the first surface surrounds the part of the first surface. In addition, in particular, the circumferential part of the second surface surrounds the part of the second surface.

[0018] In particular, the surface area of the first optical element can be delimited by the circumferential edge of the first optical element. In addition, the surface area of the second optical element can be delimited by the circumferential edge of the second optical element.

[0019] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the member is a container filled with an optical medium, wherein the container includes a first transparent and elastically deformable film and a second transparent and elastically deformable film, wherein the two films are connected by a circumferential sidewall of the container; and wherein, the first film forms the first surface, and the second film forms the second surface, and the optical medium is disposed between the first film and the second film. In particular, the free circumferential portion of the first surface is formed by a corresponding free circumferential portion of the first film. Similarly, the free circumferential portion of the second surface is particularly formed by a corresponding free circumferential portion of the second film.

[0020] In particular, the first surface and / or the second surface may include an anti-reflection coating layer to minimize reflection of the prism.

[0021] According to another embodiment, the sidewall may be a rigid sidewall. According to yet another embodiment, particularly to reduce the force required to tilt the first optical element or the second optical element, the sidewall is a flexible sidewall.

[0022] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the surface area of the first optical element is smaller than the diameter of the volume surrounded by the circumferential sidewall. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the diameter of the surface area of the second optical element is smaller than the diameter of the volume surrounded by the circumferential sidewall.

[0023] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the member is a container that includes a transparent and elastically deformable film (which thus also forms the circumferential sidewall of the member) that surrounds the optical medium, wherein the film forms the first surface and the second surface.

[0024] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the container includes a first transparent and elastically deformable film and a second transparent and elastically deformable film, wherein the two films are connected to each other to surround the optical medium, wherein the first film forms the first surface, and the second film forms the second surface. In particular, here too, the circumferential sidewall of the member is formed by the connected films themselves.

[0025] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical medium is a transparent liquid or a transparent gel.

[0026] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the member is one of a transparent and flexible body, a transparent and flexible body formed of rubber, and a transparent and flexible body formed of cured gel. Here, in particular, the body (i.e., the member) is formed of an optical medium (such as rubber, gel, or another material) and includes the first surface and the second surface.

[0027] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable prism includes a first holding structure (also referred to as a first prism former) configured to hold the first optical element. In addition, in one embodiment, the adjustable prism includes a second holding structure (also referred to as a second prism former) configured to hold the second optical element.

[0028] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first holding structure is formed by a plate including an opening, and the first optical element is disposed in front of the opening, and particularly between the first holding structure and the first surface of the member. In addition, in one embodiment, the second holding structure is formed by a plate including an opening, and the second optical element is disposed in front of the opening of the second holding structure, and particularly between the second holding structure and the second surface of the member.

[0029] Particularly, the first optical element may be connected to a circumferential boundary region of the first holding structure, and this boundary region surrounds the opening of the first holding structure. Similarly, the second optical element may be connected to a circumferential boundary region of the second holding structure, and this boundary region (of the second holding structure) surrounds the opening of the second holding structure.

[0030] Particularly, each opening may be one of a circular opening, an elliptical opening, and a rectangular opening. Each plate may be a rectangular plate.

[0031] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, particularly to increase the free circumferential portion of the first surface of the member / container, the first optical element is connected to the first holding structure via a first intermediate optical element, where the diameter of the first intermediate optical element is greater than the diameter of the first optical element. In addition, in one embodiment, particularly to increase the free circumferential portion of the second surface of the member / container, the second optical element is connected to the second holding structure via a second intermediate optical element, where the diameter of the second intermediate optical element is greater than the diameter of the second optical element.

[0032] Particularly, the diameter of the first intermediate optical element is greater than the inner diameter of the opening of the first holding structure. In addition, particularly, the diameter of the first optical element is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the opening of the first holding structure.

[0033] Similarly, the diameter of the second intermediate optical element is greater than the inner diameter of the opening of the second holding structure. In addition, particularly, the diameter of the second optical element is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the opening of the second holding structure.

[0034] Preferably, the first optical element and the first intermediate optical element connected thereto form a circumferential step. Similarly, preferably, the second optical element and the second intermediate optical element connected thereto also form a circumferential step.

[0035] In particular, the surface area of the first optical element and / or the surface area of the second optical element may correspond to the light-transmitting aperture of the adjustable prism.

[0036] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first holding structure is integrally formed as a single piece with the first optical element. In addition, in one embodiment, the second holding structure is integrally formed as a single piece with the second optical element.

[0037] It is also possible to use projections of the corresponding optical elements to increase the free circumferential portion of the first surface (or first film) and / or the free circumferential portion of the second surface (e.g., second film), i.e., to reduce the force necessary to tilt the corresponding optical element, as described hereinafter.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first optical element includes (e.g., integrally) a projection (e.g., such that the first optical element includes a circumferential step), wherein the surface area of the first optical element is bounded by the circumferential edge of the projection and forms the front face of the projection. In addition, in one embodiment, the second optical element includes (e.g., integrally) a projection (e.g., such that the second optical element also includes a circumferential step), wherein the surface area of the second optical element is bounded by the circumferential edge of the projection of the second optical element and forms the front face of the projection of the second optical element.

[0039] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable prism is rigidly connected to the support structure of the adjustable prism by one of the two holding structures (i.e., the first holding structure or the second holding structure), wherein the actuator system is configured to act on the other holding structure to adjust the angle. Here, in particular, the member is supported in a floating manner on the holding structure connected to the support structure of the adjustable prism.

[0040] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable prism is rigidly connected to the support structure of the adjustable prism by the member or container (in particular, by the circumferential side wall of the member / container), wherein the actuator system is configured to act on the first holding structure to tilt the first optical element and to act on the second holding structure to tilt the second optical element, thereby adjusting the angle.

[0041] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the member is connected to the support structure of the adjustable prism via one or more springs or via a gimbal.

[0042] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the actuator system includes a plurality of actuators to tilt the first holding structure about a first axis and / or about a second axis, wherein in particular, the two axes are perpendicular. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the actuator system includes a plurality of actuators to tilt the second holding structure about a first axis and / or about a second axis, wherein in particular, the two axes are perpendicular.

[0043] Each actuator can be any suitable type of actuator, in particular one of a voice coil actuator, a shape memory alloy actuator, a piezoelectric actuator, an electro-permanent magnet actuator. Preferably, at least one actuator is used for each tilting dimension.

[0044] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable prism (in particular the first holding structure and / or the second holding structure) includes a height in a first direction and a length in a second direction extending perpendicular to the first direction, wherein the two directions extend perpendicular to the optical axis of the adjustable prism, and wherein the height is less than the length.

[0045] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the actuators of the actuator system are grouped into two actuator groups, wherein the actuator groups are disposed on opposite sides of the member with respect to the second direction (i.e., the member is disposed between the two actuator groups with respect to the second direction). It is also possible to use only one of the actuator groups (i.e., the actuators located only on one side of the member), however, due to the smaller number of actuators, this will result in only half the force for each tilting direction. Accordingly, in one embodiment, all the actuators of the actuator system are disposed on one side of the member.

[0046] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a sensor, a Hall sensor, is disposed adjacent to each actuator to measure the stroke of the corresponding actuator, in particular the position or angle of the prism tilt, wherein in particular, the adjustable prism is configured to use the measured stroke to control the adjustment of the angle or to reduce crosstalk between the individual actuators. Furthermore, the stroke can also be used in a closed-loop control algorithm, so as to be able to use actuators different from each other, and / or to achieve a faster step response, and / or to offset the aging and efficiency loss of the actuators, and / or to offset the influence of external forces such as magnetic fields.

[0047] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable prism includes a temperature sensor adjacent to the optical medium to measure the temperature of the optical medium.

[0048] In particular, the temperature sensor may be disposed on one of the holding structures, or on one of the optical elements (e.g., on the first holding element or the second holding element), or on the sidewall.

[0049] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to generate a desired optical deflection angle of the light passing through the adjustable prism, the adjustable prism is configured to determine the actual refractive index of the optical medium and a reference value of the angle based on the measured temperature, so as to obtain the desired optical deflection angle when the angle of the adjustable prism is adjusted to the determined reference value.

[0050] Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, an adjustable prism for variably deflecting light incident on the adjustable prism is disclosed, wherein the adjustable prism includes:

[0051] - a rigid first optical element including a surface area,

[0052] - a rigid second optical element including a surface area,

[0053] - an optical medium disposed between the two surface areas such that light incident on the rigid first optical element can pass through the surface area of the rigid first optical element, the optical medium, and the surface area of the rigid second optical element, thereby deflecting the light according to the angle between the two surface areas.

[0054] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are described. These embodiments can also be used in combination with the adjustable prism according to the first aspect of the present invention further described above.

[0055] According to an embodiment, the first rigid optical element is a rigid prism. Herein, in particular, the rigid second optical element is not a prism, but may be a plate-like member, such as a flat plate-like member or other optical elements (e.g., a rigid lens). The rigid prism may be formed of a suitable transparent material (e.g., glass or a plastic material such as a polymer).

[0056] Directly coupling the rigid prism to the adjustable prism provides a variety of advantages. So far, in a folding camera system, the folding rigid prism is tilted or another adjustable prism is tilted, and the two components are disposed separately from each other.

[0057] Compared with a rigid prism (e.g., a glass prism), when the flat member of the adjustable prism is tilted, the moving mass is much smaller. In addition, the Abbe Number of the rigid prism of the independent system and the combined system can be increased because one glass window (the rigid prism is directly pasted to the flexible container surrounding the optical medium) can be reduced.

[0058] Since the number of reflecting surfaces is reduced, this also results in higher light transmittance and less wavefront error.

[0059] Generally, this embodiment also allows for a reduction in the number of components, thereby reducing alignment challenges.

[0060] Generally, using a prism instead of a mirror as the folding element can reduce the incident area, that is, the prism requires less space / height. Alternatively, for the same space of the folding element, the #f number can be smaller because the #f number is given by the light region.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the rigid first optical element includes an outer surface that extends at an acute angle with respect to the surface area of the rigid first optical element, wherein the outer surface is configured to receive light that will be deflected by the adjustable prism. In particular, the outer surface faces away from the surface area of the rigid first optical element.

[0062] In addition, according to one embodiment, the rigid first optical element includes a convexly curved first edge and a convexly curved second edge opposite to the first edge, and the rigid first optical element includes a straight third edge and a straight fourth edge opposite to the third edge, and the third edge and the fourth edge respectively extend between the first edge and the second edge. Such an optical element is also referred to as a D-shaped cut optical element.

[0063] In addition, according to one embodiment, the rigid second optical element includes a convexly curved first edge and a convexly curved second edge opposite to the first edge, and the rigid second optical element includes a straight third edge and a straight fourth edge opposite to the third edge, and the third edge and the fourth edge respectively extend between the first edge and the second edge.

[0064] In addition, according to yet another embodiment, the rigid second optical element is configured to be tilted relative to the rigid first optical element to adjust (i.e., regulate) the angle between the surface areas of the rigid optical elements, which allows the light entering the adjustable prism to be deflected in an adjustable manner.

[0065] Preferably, according to one embodiment, the adjustable prism includes at least one actuator to tilt the rigid second optical element relative to the rigid first optical element.

[0066] According to another embodiment, each actuator (e.g., each actuator of the actuator system further described above or at least one actuator described above) includes a magnet and an opposing electric coil to generate a Lorentz force when an electric current is applied to the electric coil, thereby adjusting the angle of the adjustable prism.

[0067] In particular, the adjustable prism may include a plurality of actuators having such a magnet and electric coil arrangement: the magnet and the electric coil are configured to tilt the rigid first optical element and / or the rigid second optical element respectively about one or two different axes to adjust the angle of the adjustable prism.

[0068] In particular, in one embodiment, when the surface areas of the rigid first optical element and the rigid second optical element are parallel, the winding axis around which the winding formed by the conductors of the electric coil extends is preferably aligned or parallel to the magnetization of the magnet.

[0069] In addition, according to one embodiment, the magnet is spaced apart from the electric coil in the direction of the magnetization direction and / or the winding axis of the electric coil. In an alternative embodiment, the magnet extends into the central opening of the electric coil, and the winding of the electric coil extends around the central opening.

[0070] In addition, according to one embodiment, the magnet is connected to the rigid second optical element, and the electric coil is connected to the rigid first optical element; and vice versa.

[0071] In addition, in one embodiment, the rigid second optical element and the magnet connected thereto may be fixed, while the rigid first optical element and the opposing coil connected thereto are configured to be tilted using an actuator.

[0072] In addition, in an alternative embodiment, the rigid first optical element and the electric coil connected thereto may be fixed, while the rigid second optical element and the magnet connected thereto are configured to be tilted (this is particularly suitable for the case where the rigid first optical element is a rigid prism), where a plurality of actuators including the above-described magnet / electric coil configuration may be used to tilt the rigid second optical element in two dimensions (i.e., about two different axes) to form the container into a prism (e.g., a wedge shape), thereby deflecting the light passing through the adjustable prism in a two-dimensional (2D) manner.

[0073] In all embodiments, in principle, the positions of the magnet and the opposing electric coil of each actuator may be interchanged.

[0074] Preferably, each electric coil is integrated into a printed circuit board.

[0075] In particular, according to one embodiment, in order to tilt the rigid second optical element, at least one actuator is connected to the outer side of the rigid second optical element, which outer side faces the rigid first optical element, such that in particular the at least one actuator is arranged laterally to the rigid first optical element.

[0076] Alternatively, in order to tilt the rigid second optical element, at least one actuator can be connected to the outer side of the rigid second optical element, which outer side faces away from the rigid first optical element, such that in particular the second optical element is arranged between the at least one actuator and the rigid first optical element.

[0077] According to another embodiment, the at least one actuator is connected to the outer side via a holding structure, wherein the holding structure is configured to hold the rigid second optical element. The holding structure is attached to the outer side and thus forms an intermediate element between the actuator and the rigid second optical element.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the holding structure can be formed by a plate including an opening, wherein the rigid second optical element is arranged in front of the opening. The opening can include two opposite straight edges and two opposite concave edges, wherein each concave edge extends between the two straight edges. Such an opening is preferably combined with a D-shaped cut rigid second optical element (see also above). The opening can also have other profiles (e.g., circular, rectangular or other shapes). In addition, the holding structure described herein can be formed of one of the following materials: metal, glass, plastic material, polymer. In addition, each holding structure can be one of the following: CNC machined, molded, stamped, etched.

[0079] The adjustable prism can include an additional holding structure for holding the rigid first optical element. Similarly, this additional holding structure can be formed by a plate including an opening, wherein the rigid first optical element is arranged in front of the opening of this additional holding structure. In particular, the rigid optical element (in particular the container) is preferably arranged between the two holding structures. The opening of this additional holding structure can also include two opposite straight edges and two opposite concave edges, wherein each concave edge extends between the two straight edges.

[0080] The additional retaining structure can be configured to secure the adjustable prism to a device (e.g., a device that uses the adjustable prism as a component). Alternatively, the rigid first optical element itself can be configured to secure the adjustable prism to the device. In this regard, the retaining structure or the rigid first optical element can be bonded (e.g., glued or welded) to a mounting structure of the device, or can be secured to the device by other means such as a screw connection, a latch connection, or a combination of the aforementioned securing means. In the case where the rigid first optical element (e.g., a rigid prism) is coupled to the device, the rigid second optical element can be tilted relative to the rigid first optical device by at least one actuator.

[0081] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical medium is arranged in a flexible container, for example in the form of a bellows, wherein the container is connected to the rigid first optical element and the rigid second optical element and is arranged between the rigid first optical element and the rigid second optical element, so that by tilting the rigid first optical element relative to the rigid second optical element and / or by tilting the rigid second optical element relative to the rigid first optical element, the container can be formed into a prism (for example in a wedge shape) so that the light passing through the container is deflected. Preferably, the optical medium completely fills the inner space enclosed by the container.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the container comprises a first transparent and elastically deformable film connected to the surface area of ​​the rigid first optical element, wherein the first film forms a wall of the container.

[0083] In particular, in one embodiment, the rigid second optical element also forms a wall of the container, wherein the optical medium contacts the surface area of ​​the rigid second optical element. Preferably, the first film is also connected to the rigid second optical element via an edge area of ​​the first film.

[0084] According to another embodiment, the container comprises a second transparent and elastically deformable film connected to the surface area of ​​the second rigid optical element. Preferably, the second film and the first film connected to the surface area of ​​the first rigid optical element are connected to each other, for example along the periphery of the respective films. Thus, in this embodiment, the optical medium is surrounded by the two films.

[0085] Instead of connecting the peripheries of the two films, according to one embodiment, the two films may also be connected via a circumferential side wall of the container, for example a side wall in the form of an annular member, wherein likewise the optical medium is arranged between the first and second films.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the member bounds the volume of the optical medium completely on all sides. The member may include one film or two films, in particular, the member consists of one film or two films. The one or more films may have a pillow-shaped or bellows-shaped structure.

[0087] According to one embodiment, at least one optical surface is made of one or more films. The first optical element and / or the second optical element are directly disposed on the one or more films on opposite sides of the volume surrounded by the member, and the optical element may be a glass plate. The film may cover at least 95%, in particular at least 99%, of the surface of the optical element. In particular, the central region of the surface is completely bonded to the central region of the surface, and in the outer region of the surface surrounding the central region, there is no film on the surface. For example, the width of the outer region is from 2 micrometers to 200 micrometers. The film may extend continuously along the surface of the first optical element and / or the surface of the second optical element in the central region. This makes the prism particularly reliable.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the first film and the second film are connected to each other by plasma bonding. In addition, one or more optical elements and one or more films may be connected to each other by plasma bonding. In particular, one or more holding structures are connected to one or more optical elements by plasma bonding. For example, the plasma bonding process is an atmospheric pressure plasma process or a low pressure plasma process. In particular, the optical element includes transparent borosilicate glass, which may be D263T glass. The film includes silicone resin or consists of silicone resin. According to one embodiment, the Abbe number of the entire prism is greater than 50, preferably greater than 70, and particularly preferably greater than 80. For example, the Abbe number of the one or more optical elements is between 40 and 70, the Abbe number of the optical medium is between 40 and 120, and the Abbe number of the film is between 30 and 60. Advantageously, the chromatic aberration of the prism is particularly small.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the refractive indices are matched between the optical medium, the one or more films, and the optical elements. For example, the refractive index of the one or more films is between the refractive index of the optical medium and the refractive index of the one or more optical elements. Advantageously, this achieves a smooth transition of the refractive index within the prism, thereby minimizing internal reflections at the surfaces of the films, optical elements, and optical medium. In particular, the optical elements include an anti-reflection coating on the side facing away from the one or more films. For example, the refractive index of the one or more optical elements is 1.5 ± 0.1, the refractive index of the one or more films is 1.4 ± 0.1, and the refractive index of the optical medium is between 1.2 and 1.6. In particular, the refractive index of the optical medium is 1.3 ± 0.1. Advantageously, the relatively low refractive index of the optical medium, such as less than 1.45, results in a larger mechanical tilt angle required for a certain optical tilt angle (deflection of the light beam through the prism). Therefore, a sensor with a relatively low mechanical resolution can be used to measure the mechanical tilt angle, while the resolution of the optical tilt remains high.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the total thickness of the optical elements and the films perpendicular to the main extension direction of the prism is greater than the thickness of the optical medium along this direction.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the optical elements are mechanically connected to each other by means of the member. For example, the member provides a sufficient range of motion such that the distance of the optical elements along the light beam path is adjustable. In particular, the distance between the optical elements can be adjusted from 5 micrometers to at least 150 micrometers, particularly to at least 370 micrometers. For example, the member includes sufficient slack or elasticity of the film such that the distance between the glasses can be set to at least 150 micrometers, particularly to at least 370 micrometers. In particular, in the non-deflected state, the outer periphery of the member extends laterally on the surface of the optical element. In particular, the outer periphery corresponds to the free circumferential portion of the first film and / or the second film. In the extended state, the optical elements are pulled apart, thereby pulling the outer periphery of the member between the optical elements. For example, the elasticity of the member is a Young's modulus of 0.3 MPa to 10 MPa. In particular, in the extended state, the total thickness of the optical elements and the member is 400 micrometers to 1500 micrometers. Advantageously, the outer periphery enables a larger distance between the optical elements and reduces the force required to adjust the mechanical tilt.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the one or more optical members have a non-circular geometry, particularly a non-circular shape, in a top view. For example, the one or more optical members have a D-shaped profile in a top view. Alternatively, the one or more optical members have a rectangular profile with rounded corners or an oval profile. Additionally, the one or more optical members have a profile including two straight edges and two convex curved edges, where the straight edges are opposite each other and the convex curved edges are opposite each other. In particular, the profile of the one or more optical members has a minimum radius of curvature of 0.2 mm, particularly at least 0.5 mm. Advantageously, the profile of the one or more optical members reduces the risk of the optical member piercing the membrane.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the one or more optical elements have different lateral extensions as seen in a top view. For example, the profile of a first optical element and the profile of a second optical element can be fused with each other by a similar image, while the profile of the first optical element and the profile of the second optical element have different sizes. Advantageously, the first and second optical elements of different sizes allow an increased degree of freedom of movement of the optical elements relative to each other. Alternatively, the profile of a rigid first optical element is different from the profile of a second optical element such that the profiles cannot be fused with each other by a similar image.

[0094] In particular, in a top view, the liquid volume laterally extends beyond one of the optical elements in all directions. Advantageously, the different sizes of the optical elements seen in a top view allow the optical elements to tilt rapidly relative to each other. Additionally, when the distance between the optical elements increases, for example, by pulling the optical elements apart, the liquid volume that laterally extends at the edges of the optical elements serves as a reservoir volume that is pulled between the optical elements.

[0095] According to one embodiment, the two membranes are pre-strained. For example, the two membranes are pre-strained by at least 2%, preferably at least 10%, 25% or 50%. For example, the membranes are pre-strained by thermal pre-straining or mechanical pre-straining. The pre-straining of the membranes reduces the lateral extension of the members at the edges of the optical elements. Advantageously, this results in a reduction in the size of the prism in the lateral direction. Additionally, the pre-straining enables a linear force response with respect to tilting, thereby advantageously simplifying the interfacing of the prism with an actuator.

[0096] According to one embodiment, the optical elements are capable of moving relative to each other along their main extension planes. Advantageously, the relative movement of the optical elements relative to each other simplifies the installation of the prism in the optical assembly. Additionally, manufacturing tolerances can be compensated for by the relative movement of the optical elements relative to each other.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the adjustable prism includes at least one end stop. The end stop is a mechanical hard stop that limits the relative movement of the optical elements relative to each other in at least one direction. In particular, the end stop is arranged to limit the relative movement of the first optical element and the second optical element in six directions. In particular, when the movement of the optical elements is limited by the end stop, the end stop is in direct contact with one of the optical elements. For example, the end stop is arranged to limit the maximum distance and / or the minimum distance between the optical elements. In addition, the end stop can limit the inclination of the optical elements relative to each other.

[0098] The end stop can be arranged to limit the maximum distance between the optical elements in a direction perpendicular to the main extension plane of the optical elements. The end stop advantageously prevents the film from being subjected to excessive loads due to acceleration forces that displace the optical elements relative to each other.

[0099] According to one embodiment, the prism includes a pivot structure that is arranged to define a pivot point of one of the optical elements relative to the other optical element. The pivot structure can be a gimbal. Alternatively, the pivot structure can include a spring attached to an actuator, wherein the spring provides passive damping for the relative movement of the optical elements relative to each other. Alternatively, the pivot structure can include a protrusion fixedly connected to one of the optical elements. The protrusion engages in a track element that guides the movement of the protrusion along the track element. For example, the protrusion has the shape of a ball, wherein the protrusion and the track element form a spherical joint. In particular, the pivot structure is an end stop. Advantageously, the pivot structure improves the tilting performance and makes the prism more robust against vibrations.

[0100] According to one embodiment of the adjustable prism, the optical tilt angle is well defined for electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range from 350 nm to 800 nm. In particular, the optical tilt angle is well defined for electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength ranges of infrared light and near-infrared light.

[0101] In addition, there is also a device including the adjustable prism. In particular, the device described herein can include the adjustable prism. This means that all features disclosed for the device are also disclosed for the adjustable prism, and vice versa.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the device is a beam shifter for super-resolution in a projector or a camera. In particular, the beam shifter is arranged in the optical path of the projector. The beam shifter is arranged to shift the direction of the light emitted by the projector. The beam shifter moves the image generated by the projector by a part of the pixel pitch of the projector, so a particularly precise shift is required. In the camera, the beam shifter is arranged in the optical path in front of the image sensor. The beam shifter is arranged to move the image captured by the image sensor by a part of the pixel pitch of the sensor, so a particularly precise movement is required.

[0103] The beam shifter includes an adjustable prism that can define the direction of the light emitted by the projector or the direction of the light incident on the image sensor. The angle of optical deflection is smaller than the angle of mechanical deflection. Therefore, the adjustable prism achieves a particularly precise beam shift. For example, the beam shifter is arranged to tilt the first optical element to at least two predetermined positions, preferably to at least four predetermined positions. Therefore, the resolution of the projector is doubled, preferably quadrupled.

[0104] In addition, the beam shifter is arranged to switch particularly quickly between the predetermined positions. For example, the beam shifter is arranged to switch to each predetermined position during one frame of the projected image. Therefore, the frequency of switching between the predetermined positions of the beam shifter is at least n times higher than the frame rate, where n corresponds to the number of predetermined positions. In the camera, the beam shifter can be arranged to switch to each predetermined position while capturing a super-resolution image. Therefore, the camera captures images at each predetermined position of the beam shifter and then combines the captured images. The combined images achieve a super-resolution image.

[0105] In addition, the adjustable prism is an inherently damped liquid system without additional mechanical resonances below 300 Hz, especially below 100 Hz. Advantageously, the adjustable prism can be switched with a large frequency bandwidth.

[0106] To achieve particularly fast switching of the beam converter, the moving mass of the adjustable prism is small. Therefore, the maximum total weight of the first holding structure and the first optical element is 100 mg, preferably 60 mg. In addition, the adjustable prism shifts the image relative to the optical axis by an angle. In particular, the adjustable prism does not rotate the image about the optical axis.

[0107] According to one embodiment, the device is an image stabilizer. The image stabilizer can be a component of a camera unit, binoculars, or a telescope. The image stabilizer reduces blur in the captured image, where the blur is associated with the movement of the camera unit during exposure. The image stabilizer is configured to compensate for the moving shooting and tilting (angular movements equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, binoculars, or telescope. The image stabilizer includes an adjustable prism that is configured to compensate for parasitic movements during exposure. A mechanical tilt angle of a first optical element relative to a second optical element results in an optical tilt angle. The optical tilt angle is measured between the light beam impinging on the adjustable prism and the light beam exiting the adjustable prism. In particular, a change in the mechanical tilt angle is less than a corresponding change in the optical tilt angle. Thus, the adjustable prism enables particularly precise control of the optical tilt angle. For example, a mechanical tilt angle of 3.5 degrees results in an optical tilt angle of 1 degree. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0108] Hereinafter, embodiments of aspects of the present invention and other features and advantages of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

[0109] Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention is shown;

[0110] Figure 2 shows Figure 1 a schematic top view of the adjustable prism shown;

[0111] Figure 2A shows Figure 2 a modification of the actuator arrangement of;

[0112] Figure 3 shows Figure 1 a schematic top view of a variant of the adjustable prism shown, in which the first optical element and / or the second optical element can be tilted about a single axis respectively;

[0113] Figures 4A to 4C a schematic top view showing different embodiments of an adjustable prism according to the present invention is shown;

[0114] Figure 5 a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, in which a second holding structure is fixed to the support structure of the prism and a first holding structure is tiltable to adjust the angle of the prism;

[0115] Figure 6Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein a member of the prism including an optical medium is fixed to a support structure of the prism, and a first holding structure and / or a second holding structure of the prism is tiltable to adjust the angle of the prism;

[0116] Figure 7 Shows according to Figure 6 the situation where an optical deflection angle is shown; furthermore, Figure 6 also shows that in the case where both holding structures are actuated / tilted, each holding structure requires a smaller actuating force to deform the member;

[0117] Figure 8 Shows the relationship between the torque applied to the member and the mechanical tilt angle of the prism for a fixed container and a floating container / member of the adjustable prism;

[0118] Figure 9 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein an intermediate optical element reduces the sizes of a first optical element and a second optical element, such that the actuating force decreases as the free film area increases when tilting the corresponding optical elements;

[0119] Figure 10 Shows Figure 9 a modification of the shown embodiment;

[0120] Figure 11 Shows the relationship between the torque and the mechanical tilt angle of the prism for different stiffness values of the side walls of the member / container;

[0121] Figure 12 Shows the relationship between the torque and the tilt angle of the prism for different shapes of the member / container and different stiffnesses of the member / container;

[0122] Figure 13 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the member of the prism is formed of a flexible body formed of an optical medium;

[0123] Figure 14 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the member / container of the prism includes flexible side walls, and the optical elements of the prism extend through the side walls;

[0124] Figure 15 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the member / container is connected to a support structure of the adjustable prism by one or more springs;

[0125] Figure 16Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the member / container is connected to the support structure of the adjustable prism via a gimbal;

[0126] Figure 17 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism;

[0127] Figure 18 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism;

[0128] Figure 19 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism, and wherein the container for accommodating the optical medium is formed using a membrane and a rigid second optical element;

[0129] Figure 20 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism, and wherein the container for accommodating the optical medium is formed using two membranes and a circumferential side wall;

[0130] Figure 21 Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism, and wherein the container for accommodating the optical medium is formed using two membranes connected to each other at the outer periphery;

[0131] Figure 22 Shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism, and wherein the holding structure is connected to the rigid second optical element (e.g., for tilting the latter);

[0132] Figure 23 Shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the rigid first optical element preferably forms a rigid prism, and wherein the rigid second holding member is configured to be directly connected to at least one actuator for tilting the rigid second optical element;

[0133] Figure 24 Shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein at least one actuator is provided on the side of the rigid second optical element facing the rigid first optical element (e.g., a rigid prism);

[0134] Figure 25 shows Figure 24 a schematic side view of the illustrated embodiment;

[0135] Figure 26 shows a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein at least one actuator is provided on a side of a rigid second optical element facing away from a rigid first optical element (such as a rigid prism);

[0136] Figure 27 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein a holding structure (such as for connection to at least one actuator) is provided on a side of a rigid second optical element facing away from a rigid first optical element (such as a rigid prism);

[0137] Figure 28 shows a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein a holding structure (such as for connection to at least one actuator) is provided on a side of a rigid second optical element facing a rigid first optical element (such as a rigid prism);

[0138] Figure 29A , Figure 29B , Figure 29C shows different embodiments of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, including an actuator having a magnet and an electric coil opposite the magnet;

[0139] Figure 30 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the adjustable prism includes two D-shaped cut rigid optical elements on both sides of an optical medium, wherein in particular, the rigid second optical element is configured to be connected to another device;

[0140] Figure 31 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the adjustable prism includes two D-shaped cut rigid optical elements on both sides of an optical medium, wherein a first holding structure is connected to the rigid first optical element, and wherein in particular, the rigid second optical element is configured to be connected to another device; and

[0141] Figure 32 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism according to the present invention, wherein the adjustable prism includes two D-shaped cut rigid optical elements on both sides of an optical medium, wherein a first holding structure is connected to the rigid first optical element, and wherein a second holding structure is connected to the rigid second optical element, and in particular the second holding structure is configured to be connected to another device;

[0142] Figure 33 ,Figure 34 A side view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism including an end stop is shown, which limits the relative movement of the optical element along the z-axis;

[0143] Figure 35 A side view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism including an end stop and a lateral end stop is shown, which limits the relative movement of the optical element along the z-axis, x-axis, and y-axis;

[0144] Figure 36 A schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism including a pivot structure is shown;

[0145] Figure 37 A schematic side view of an adjustable prism having an unstressed first film and a second film is shown partially;

[0146] Figure 38 and Figure 39 A schematic side view of an adjustable prism having a pre-stressed first film and a second film is shown partially;

[0147] Figure 40 and Figure 41 An embodiment of an adjustable prism is shown in a schematic perspective view, the adjustable prism including a plug-in end stop that limits the relative movement of the optical element along the z-axis;

[0148] Figure 42 and Figure 43 An embodiment of an adjustable prism is shown in a schematic side view, the adjustable prism including an inserted end stop that limits the relative movement of the optical element along the z-axis. Detailed Description

[0149] Figure 1 An embodiment of an adjustable prism 1 according to the present invention is shown. The adjustable prism 1 is configured to deflect the light L incident on the adjustable prism 1 along the optical axis O in an adjustable manner, i.e., the prism 1 includes an angle (also referred to herein as a mechanical angle) W that can be adjusted (see, for example Figure 5 the angle W shown). For this purpose, the adjustable prism 1 includes a member 10. The member 10 includes a transparent and flexible first surface 11, a transparent and flexible second surface 12 facing away from the first surface 11, and an optical medium 2 disposed between the two surfaces 11, 12 such that the light L incident on the first surface 11 passes through the optical medium 2 and exits the member 10 via the second surface 12 (and vice versa), whereby the light L is deflected by the member 10 according to the angle W between the two surfaces 11, 12. This deflection corresponds to, for example, in Figure 7The optical deflection angle U indicated therein. In addition, the prism 1 includes a rigid first optical element 20 and a rigid second optical element 30. The first optical element 20 includes a surface area 21 attached (e.g., glued) to the first surface 11 of the member 10, and the second optical element 30 includes a surface area 31 attached (e.g., glued) to the second surface 12 of the member 10. Preferably, the two surface areas 21, 31 are flat, but they can also be curved (see also above). This feature of the two surface areas 21, 31 can also be applied to other embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the two optical elements 20, 30 face each other, and the member 10 is disposed between the two optical elements 20, 30. In particular, each of the optical elements 20, 30 can be a flat plate-like member 20, 30 having another surface parallel to the corresponding surface areas 21, 32. The optical elements 20, 30 can be formed of glass or plastic material (e.g., polymer).

[0150] In addition, the prism 1 preferably includes an actuator system S, which can include individual actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 configured to tilt the first optical element 20 and / or the second optical element 30 to adjust the angle W described above.

[0151] In particular, the angle W can be a dihedral angle, that is, an angle in a third plane E3 between the extension planes E1 of the first surface 11 and the extension plane E2 of the second surface 12, and the third plane E3 cuts the virtual intersection line I between the two extension planes E1, E2 at a right angle.

[0152] As Figure 1 As further shown, the surface area 21 of the first optical element 20 is attached to a part 11a of the first surface 11, such that the first surface 11 includes a free circumferential part 11b not covered by the surface area 21 of the first optical element 20. Similarly, the surface area 31 of the second optical element is connected to a part 12a of the second surface 12, such that the second surface 12 includes a free circumferential part 12b not covered by the surface area 31 of the second optical element 30.

[0153] In particular, the surface area 21 of the first optical element 20 can be bounded by the circumferential edge of the first optical element 20. Similarly, the surface area 31 of the second optical element 30 can be bounded by the circumferential edge of the second optical element 30.

[0154] As Figure 1Further shown, the member 10 can be a container filled with an optical medium (such as a liquid or a gel) 2, wherein the container 10 includes a first transparent and elastically deformable film 101 and a second transparent and elastically deformable film 102, and the two films 101, 102, which can be formed of any suitable transparent and stretchable material such as glass, plastic material, polymer (e.g., silicone-based polymer), or elastomer, are connected via the circumferential sidewall 13 of the container 10. The circumferential sidewall 13 can have various shapes, including a star-shaped configuration. In particular, the first film 101 forms the first surface 11, and the second film 102 forms the second surface 12, and the optical medium 2 (such as silicone oil) is disposed between the first film 101 and the second film 102. Additionally, the sidewall 13 is rigid, but can also be flexible in alternative embodiments.

[0155] Furthermore, the diameter D1 of the surface area 21 of the optical element 20 and the diameter D2 of the surface area 31 of the optical element 30 are smaller than the diameter D of the volume surrounded by the circumferential sidewall 13, which ensures free circumferential film portions / surface portions 11b, 12b.

[0156] In addition, to transmit the actuation force to the optical elements 20, 30, a first holding structure 40 and a second holding structure 50 are provided, wherein the first holding structure 40 is configured to hold the first optical element 20, and the second holding structure 50 is configured to hold the second optical element 30. The holding structures 40, 50 are also referred to as prism formers because the holding structures 40, 50 allow the respective optical elements 20, 30 to be tilted, which causes the member 10 to deform to produce the desired angle W. As an example, as Figure 7 shown, this angle W together with the refractive index of the optical medium 2 produces the optical deflection angle U of the deflected beam L.

[0157] In particular, the holding structures 40, 50 can be formed by a plate 40 including an opening 41 and a plate 50 including an opening 51, and the respective optical elements 20, 30 are disposed in front of the openings 41, 51. In particular, the first optical element 20 can be connected to the circumferential boundary region 42 of the first holding structure 40, and the boundary region 42 surrounds the opening 41 of the first holding structure 40. Similarly, the second optical element 30 can be connected to the circumferential boundary region 52 of the second holding structure 50, and the boundary region 52 surrounds the opening 51 of the second holding structure 50. In particular, each of the openings 41, 51 can be one of a circular opening, an elliptical opening, a rectangular opening, or any other suitable shaped opening. The corresponding plates 40, 50 can be rectangular plates, but can also include other contours (see also Figures 4A to 4C ).

[0158] Advantageously, the present invention allows the light-transmitting aperture C of the prism 1 (i.e., the diameter of the openings 41, 51) to be maximized while keeping the prism height H to a minimum. This is supported by the fact that the actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 of the actuator system S are preferably arranged along the second spatial direction (the direction of the prism length X). Thus, the actuators can be positioned laterally adjacent to the member 10 without affecting the prism height H. In this way, the height H of the adjustable prism 1 can be much smaller than the length X of the adjustable prism 1.

[0159] In particular, as Figure 2 shown, the actuator system S may include four actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 to tilt the first holding structure 40 or the second holding structure 50 about the first axis A1 and the linearly independent second axis A2. The actuator system S can also be configured to tilt both holding structures 40, 50 about the two axes A1, A2. In particular, at least one actuator S1, S2,... is used for each tilting direction (on one side).

[0160] Furthermore, in the case where both holding structures / prism formers 40, 50 are tilted, the components of a single actuator can also be arranged separately on the two holding structures 40, 50. For example, the electric coil can be arranged on the first holding structure 40, while the corresponding magnet is arranged on the second holding structure 50 (a combined voice coil actuator). As Figure 2A shown, this actuator arrangement scheme can also be used to arrange the actuators S1, S2 only on one side of the member 10.

[0161] In particular, the respective actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 act on the corner regions of the actuated holding structure (e.g., the first holding structure 40). Preferably, as Figure 2 shown, the actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 are grouped into two actuator groups G1, G2, where the actuator groups G1, G2 are arranged on opposite sides of the member 10 with respect to the second direction perpendicular to the height H. In other words, the member 10 is arranged between the two actuator groups G1, G2 with respect to the following second direction: along this second direction, the prism 1 includes the length X.

[0162] In particular, the corresponding actuators S1, S2,... can be any type of suitable actuator, especially one of a voice coil actuator, a shape memory alloy actuator, a piezoelectric actuator, and an electro-permanent magnet actuator.

[0163] As Figure 3As shown, the adjustable prism 1 can also be configured such that the first holding structure 40 and / or the second holding structure 50 can only be tilted about a single axis A1, respectively. Here, at least two actuators S1, S2 are used, and the at least two actuators S1, S2 are also preferably grouped as described above, that is, the member 10 is arranged between the two actuators S1, S2 with respect to the following second direction: along the second direction, the prism 1 includes a length X.

[0164] In addition, Figures 4A to 4C Generally shown are different possible profiles of the optical elements 20 and 30, different possible profiles of the membranes 101 and 102, and different possible profiles of the side walls 13 that can be used in different embodiments. According to Figure 4A , the foregoing components may include a circular profile. Alternatively, the components 20 and 30, the members 101 and 102, and the component 13 may also include an oval profile (see Figure 4B ) or a rectangular profile (see Figure 4C ). In particular, the respective free membrane portions 11b, 12b take their minimum values in a circular design ( Figure 4A ), and take their maximum values in a rectangular design ( Figure 4C ). The rectangular design may include rounded corners.

[0165] In addition, in order to adjust the angle W of the prism 1, the second holding structure 50 may be rigidly connected to the support structure 3 of the adjustable prism 1, wherein the actuator system S is configured to act on the first holding structure 40 to set the angle W. Thus, in particular, the member 10 is supported on the second holding structure 50 in a floating manner, and the second holding structure 50 is connected to the support structure 3 of the adjustable prism 1.

[0166] Figure 6 Another possibility is shown, where here instead the member (e.g., the container) 10 is rigidly connected to the support structure 3. For this purpose, the side wall 13 may be fixed to the support structure 3. This allows the two holding structures 40, 50 to be tilted (e.g., simultaneously tilted) by the actuator system S to set the angle W of the prism 1.

[0167] Figure 7 The advantage of tilting the two holding structures (prism formers) 40, 50 is shown. Since both of the two holding structures 40, 50 can be actuated (e.g., compared with Figure 5 , using a larger number of actuators), a greater tilting force can be obtained, and thus the same optical tilt angle U can be obtained. However, in the case of having the same number of actuators, Figure 6 's construction has an efficiency similar to that of the construction shown in Figure 5 .

[0168] Figure 8shows the functional relationship between the torque and the mechanical tilt angle of the first holding structure 40 or the second holding structure 50, as can be seen from Figure 8 a decrease in the prism height H and an increase in the clear aperture C result in a significant increase in the torque required to actuate the prism 1 into the tilted state.

[0169] By introducing the floating container 10 and having a tiltable first optical element 20 with a diameter of the tiltable first optical element 20 smaller than the inner diameter of the volume surrounded by the side wall 13, the torque can be reduced (here, the second holding structure 50 is fixed).

[0170] Figure 9 and Figure 10 shows other strategies for reducing the force required to tilt the first holding structure 40 and / or the second holding structure 50. These features are intended to increase the free film regions 11b, 12b. The prism width is increased accordingly.

[0171] In particular, according to Figure 9 , the first optical element 20 can be connected to the first holding structure 40 via a first intermediate optical element 25, where the diameter D3 of the first intermediate optical element 25 is greater than the diameter D1 of the first optical element 20. Similarly, the second optical element 30 is connected to the second holding structure 50 via a second intermediate optical element 35, where the diameter D4 of the second intermediate optical element 35 is greater than the diameter D2 of the second optical element 30.

[0172] Thus, the diameter D1 of the optical element 20 and the diameter D2 of the optical element 30 can be reduced while the clear aperture C can be kept constant.

[0173] Due to the different diameters of the optical elements 20, 30 and the intermediate optical elements 25, 35, the first optical element 20 and the first intermediate optical element 25 connected thereto form a circumferential step 26. In the same way, the second optical element 30 and the second intermediate optical element 35 connected thereto also form a circumferential step 36.

[0174] When using holding structures 40, 50 formed integrally with the corresponding optical elements 20, 30 as shown in Figure 10 , these steps 26, 36 can also be produced. Here, the first optical element 20 includes a protrusion 27 such that the first optical element 20 includes a circumferential step 26, where the surface area 21 of the first optical element 20 is bounded by the circumferential edge 28 of the protrusion 27. In the same way, the second optical element 30 includes a protrusion 37 such that the second optical element 30 includes a circumferential step 36, where the surface area 31 of the second optical element 30 is bounded by the circumferential edge 38 of the protrusion 37 of the second optical element 30.

[0175] As in Figure 11Furthermore, the stiffness, width, and height of the wall member 13 also affect the tilting force of the prism and can be used to reduce said force. In particular, Figure 11 it is shown that the torque can be reduced by using a flexible wall 13 ( Figure 11 the upper prism 1) instead of a rigid side wall 13 ( Figure 11 the lower prism 1).

[0176] In addition, Figure 12 the functional relationship between torque and tilt angle is shown for different container profiles (circular and rectangular, also see Figure 4A and Figure 4C ) and the corresponding stiffness of the container 10 to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the force using different designs. In particular, as the free film regions 11b, 12b increase (e.g., from circular to rectangular), the required torque decreases. In addition, as the stiffness of the container 10 decreases, the required torque decreases.

[0177] In addition, according to Figure 13 , the optical liquid / medium 2 and the surrounding container 10 can be replaced by a transparent flexible body 10 formed of the optical medium 2, which is in particular a curable silicone, gel, or rubber granulate, where the stiffness (Shore) of the material 2 defines the tilting torque. A larger refractive index of the material 2 can reduce the required mechanical tilt angle W.

[0178] In addition, according to Figure 14 , the optical elements 30, 40 can be integrally formed with the corresponding holding structures 40, 50 in the form of flat members, where these plate members can extend over the flexible member 10 to ensure a minimum member height for achieving mechanical tilt. This reduces the total prism height in a cost-effective manner.

[0179] In addition, as shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the member / container 10 can be connected to the support structure 3 of the adjustable prism 1 via one or more springs 4 or via a gimbal 5.

[0180] This spring connection of the side wall 13 of the member 10 to the support structure 3 reduces the movement of the member in the direction of the optical axis O (z-position) and, in particular, also reduces the movement of the member in the x- and y-directions, while still allowing tilting movement. This reduction of the free moving mass enhances the stiffness of the prism 1 and thus improves the reliability with respect to drop tests or shock tests. In addition, the prism height is controlled to improve the accuracy.

[0181] According to Figure 16 , a two-dimensional gimbal 5 can also be used to hold the member / container 10. In addition to the above advantages, this gimbal 5 also helps to achieve a defined pivot point, which enhances the accuracy of measurement and tilting.

[0182] In particular, by leading the actuator system S with a guiding spring, a defined pivot point of the prism 1 can be defined, which reduces the crosstalk between tilting the prism 1 and moving along the z direction (i.e., the direction along the optical axis O). Also herein, the actuation accuracy can be improved and the free moving mass of the actuator can be reduced. This further improves the stiffness of the prism 1, and thus improves the reliability of the drop test or the shock test. In addition, the prism height is controlled to improve the accuracy.

[0183] In addition, the actuator preferably includes a hard stop, which limits the maximum tilting stroke and the z-direction movement stroke (i.e., the movement along the optical axis O) and the stroke perpendicular thereto (i.e., the strokes along the x direction and the y direction). Due to such a stop, overstretching, plastic deformation and rupture of the membranes 101, 102 can be avoided. Therefore, the stability during the drop test is improved.

[0184] In addition, referring back to Figure 2 , the adjustable prism 1 preferably includes a plurality of Hall sensors H1, H2, ……, wherein each Hall sensor is arranged adjacent to one of the actuators S1, S2, …… to measure the stroke of the corresponding actuator. In particular, the adjustable prism 1 is configured to use the measured strokes accordingly to control the adjustment of the angle W or to reduce the crosstalk between the respective actuators S1, S2, ……. Generally, other sensors such as capacitive or inductive sensors can also be used instead of Hall sensors.

[0185] Due to such crosstalk, when attempting to tilt the optical elements 20, 30 in the expected direction, an unexpected tilt may occur. Fundamentally, the crosstalk may stem from the asymmetric strokes of the actuating components. For example, in order to tilt about the expected tilt axis shown in Figure 2 , for example the first axis A1, the group G2 including the actuators S2, S4 needs to be actuated. If the corresponding strokes are asymmetric, an unexpected tilt (e.g., a tilt about the second axis A2) may occur.

[0186] By installing the Hall sensors H1, H2, …… near the actuator area, the corresponding strokes at each area can be read and the asymmetry can be corrected to reduce the crosstalk.

[0187] In addition, the adjustable prism 1 may include a temperature sensor 6 adjacent to the optical medium 2 (see Figure 2 ) to measure the temperature of the optical medium 2. In particular, the temperature sensor 6 can be arranged on one of the holding structures 40, 50, or on one of the optical elements 20, 30 (e.g., on the first holding element or the second holding element), or on the side wall 13.

[0188] Using the measured temperature, the refractive index of the optical liquid / medium 2 can be calculated, and the mechanical angle W for achieving the desired optical deflection angle can be calculated.

[0189] Figure 17 and Figure 18 Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 for variably deflecting the light L incident on the adjustable prism 1 (here, incident on the outer surface 20a of the rigid first optical element 20). The adjustable prism 1 includes a rigid first optical element 20 and a rigid second optical element 30. The rigid first optical element 20 includes a surface region 21, and the rigid second optical element 30 includes a surface region 31 opposite to the surface region 21 of the rigid first optical element 20. In addition, the adjustable prism 1 includes an optical medium (such as a liquid) 2 disposed between the two surface regions 21, 31, such that the light L incident on the rigid first optical element 20 passes through the surface region 21 of the rigid first optical element 20, the optical medium 2, and the surface region 31 of the rigid second optical element 30. Thus, the light L is deflected according to the angle W between the two surface regions 21, 31. The angle W can be the double-sided included angle defined as above. Preferably, the rigid first optical element 20 is a rigid prism formed of, for example, glass or a suitable polymer. In addition, the rigid second optical element 30 is a transparent flat plate, but may also include curvature to be used as a rigid lens 30 (for example, for correcting optical errors, etc.). The rigid second optical element 30 can also be formed of glass or a plastic material (such as a suitable polymer).

[0190] In particular, the outer surface 20a of the rigid prism 20 extends at an acute angle A with respect to the surface region 21 of the rigid prism 20 and particularly intersects the surface region 21 to form an edge of the rigid prism 20, wherein the outer surface 20a is configured to receive the light L to be deflected by the adjustable prism 1

[0191] As Figure 17 shown, the rigid prism 20 can be tilted about a first axis T, and the second optical element 30 can be tilted about a different second axis T' to affect the direction of the light beam L. The two axes T, T' can be perpendicular. The first axis T can be perpendicular to the surface region 21 of the rigid prism 20.

[0192] Alternatively, as Figure 18 shown, the rigid second optical element 30 can also be tilted, preferably tilted about two independent axes, and the rigid prism 20 is kept fixed.

[0193] The optical medium 2, which can be a suitable liquid or gel, is preferably arranged in at least partially transparent container 10, which is arranged between two optical elements 20, 30 and connected to surface areas 21, 32, wherein the container 10 is deformable such that when the rigid first optical element 20 and / or the rigid second optical element 30 is tilted, the container 10 can be shaped into a variable prism (e.g., a wedge).

[0194] Figures 19 to 21 shows Figures 17 to 18 each embodiment of the prism 1 shown with the container 10.

[0195] According to Figure 19 the first variant shown, the container 10 comprises at least a first transparent and elastically deformable membrane 101, which is connected to the surface area 21 of the rigid first optical element 20, wherein the first membrane 101 is also connected to the rigid optical element 30 via the edge area 101a of the first membrane 101, such that the optical medium 2 is surrounded by the first membrane 101 and the surface area 31 of the rigid second optical element 30. Here, the optical medium 2 is in contact with the surface area 31 of the rigid second optical element 30.

[0196] According to Figure 20 the embodiment shown, the container 10 comprises a second transparent and elastically deformable membrane 102, which is connected to the surface area 31 of the rigid second optical element 30, while the first membrane 101 is connected to the surface area 21 of the rigid first optical element 20. Here, the edge areas 101a, 102a of the two membranes 101, 102 are connected to a circumferential side wall 13, which can be formed as an annular member 13. The optical medium 2 is now surrounded by the two membranes 101, 102 and the side wall 13.

[0197] Alternatively, as Figure 21 shown, the edge areas 101a, 102a of the two membranes 101, 102 can be attached to each other (e.g., by an adhesive), such that the optical medium 2 is now only surrounded by the two membranes 101, 102.

[0198] As Figure 22 shown, the rigid second optical element 30 can be connected to a holding structure 50, which comprises an opening 51 for light to pass through. The holding structure is used to hold the second optical element 30 connected to the flexible container 10, and also serves as a mounting structure for one or more actuators, which can be connected to the second optical element 30 via the holding structure 50 to tilt the second optical element 30.

[0199] According to Figure 22, the rigid second optical element 30 is a so-called D-cut optical element, i.e., the rigid second optical element 30 includes two opposite straight edges 303, 304 and two opposite convex curved edges 301, 302. Correspondingly, the opening 51 of the holding structure includes a corresponding profile, i.e., two opposing straight edges and two opposing concave curved edges.

[0200] Alternatively, as Figure 23 shown, the rigid second optical element 30 may protrude beyond one or both side walls 20b of the rigid prism 20 to provide a portion or surface for holding the second optical element 30 and / or for connecting one or more actuators to the second optical element 30.

[0201] Figures 24 to 26 Different embodiments of the arrangement of the actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 for tilting the rigid second optical element 30 are shown. Here, the adjustable prism 1 can be designed according to one of the embodiments described above in connection with Figures 17 to 23 .

[0202] As shown in Figure 24 and Figure 25 , the adjustable prism 1 may include at least one actuator, here for example four actuators S1, S2, S3, S4, to tilt the rigid second optical element 30 relative to the rigid first optical element / rigid prism 10. Actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 such as voice coil motors (VCMs) of the moving coil type, VCMs of the moving magnet type, shape memory alloy actuators, etc. can be used to actuate near or in the opposite direction of the rigid prism 10 (see Figure 26 ). The corresponding actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 may include guiding springs to provide a defined pivot point for the system, where, if necessary, the corresponding springs can also be used as current leads.

[0203] In particular, as shown in Figure 24 and 25 , in order to tilt the rigid second optical element 30, the corresponding actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 are connected to the outer side 30a of the rigid second optical element 30, which outer side 30a faces the rigid first optical element / rigid prism 20 such that in particular, each actuator S1, S2, S3, S4 is arranged laterally to the rigid first optical element / rigid prism 20.

[0204] Alternatively, as Figure 26As shown, each actuator S1, S2, S3, S4 is connected to the outer side 30b of the rigid second optical element 30, which faces away from the rigid first optical element 20, such that the second optical element 30 is disposed between the actuators S1, S2, S3, S4 and the rigid first optical element / rigid prism 20.

[0205] In Figures 24 to 26 , each actuator is directly connected to the rigid second optical element 30 to tilt the rigid second optical element 30, thereby adjusting the angle W of the adjustable prism 1.

[0206] However, as Figure 27 and Figure 28 shown, each actuator S1, S2, S3, S4 can be connected to the rigid second optical element 30 via a holding structure 50. Such a holding structure 50 can be connected to the outer side 30b facing away from the rigid prism 20 (see Figure 27 ) or to the other outer side 30a facing the rigid prism 20 (see Figure 28 ). Figure 27 's holding structure 50 is particularly suitable for Figure 26 's actuator arrangement. Figure 28 's holding structure 50 is particularly suitable for Figure 24 and Figure 25 's actuator arrangements. In addition, the holding structure can include several individually arranged components (see, for example, Figure 26 ).

[0207] Figures 29A to 29C shows a further embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 according to the present invention, wherein the corresponding actuators S1, S2 include magnets 80 and opposing electric coils 70 for generating a Lorentz force when a current is applied to the corresponding electric coils 70 for tilting the rigid first optical element (see Figure 29A ) or the rigid second optical element 30 (see Figure 29B ) about at least one axis (here an axis extending perpendicular to the shown cross-sectional plane) to adjust the angle of the adjustable prism.

[0208] As Figures 29A to 29C shown, when the surface area 21 of the rigid first optical element 20 and the surface area 31 of the rigid second optical element 30 are parallel, the winding axis z around which the windings 71 of the conductors of each electric coil 70 extend is preferably aligned with the magnetization M of the magnet 80.

[0209] According to Figure 29A and Figure 29BIn the embodiment shown, each magnet 80 is spaced apart from the associated electrical coil 70 in the direction of magnetization M and / or in the direction of the winding axis z of the associated electrical coil 70. In Figure 29C In the alternative embodiment shown, the magnet 80 extends into the central opening of the electrical coil 70, where the winding 71 of the electrical coil extends around the central opening.

[0210] In Figures 29A to 29C In the embodiment shown, the magnet 80 is connected to a rigid second optical element 30, and the electrical coil 70 is connected to a rigid first optical element 20. However, the positions of the magnet 80 and the coil 70 can also be interchanged such that the coil 70 is connected to the rigid second optical element 30 and the magnet 80 is connected to the rigid first optical element 20.

[0211] In Figure 29A In the embodiment shown, the rigid second optical element 30 and the magnet 80 connected thereto are fixed, while the rigid first optical element 20 and the coil 70 connected thereto are configured to be tilted using actuators S1, S2.

[0212] In Figure 29B In the alternative embodiment shown, the rigid first optical element 20 and the electrical coil 70 connected thereto are fixed, while the rigid second optical element 30 and the magnet 80 connected thereto are configured to be tilted (this is particularly applicable when the rigid first optical element 20 is a rigid prism 20).

[0213] Preferably, each electrical coil 70 is integrated into a printed circuit board.

[0214] The moving part of the adjustable prism 1 can either move freely or be connected to a flexure spring to define a pivot point.

[0215] In addition, the magnet 80 and the coil 70 can also be connected to the corresponding structures (the first optical element 20 or the second optical element 30) through intermediate holding structures 40, 50 as described herein.

[0216] In addition, Figure 30 A perspective view of an embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 according to the present invention is shown, where the adjustable prism 1 includes a rigid first optical element 20 and a rigid second optical element 30 in the form of two flat D-shaped cut rigid optical elements 20, 30 located on both sides of a container 10 containing an optical medium 2, where in particular, the rigid second optical element 30 is configured to be connected to a mounting structure 60 of other devices using the adjustable prism 1 (such as a mobile phone where the adjustable prism 1 is a component of a camera).

[0217] In particular, by D-shaped cutting is meant that each rigid optical element 20, 30 includes: a first convexly curved edge 201, 301 and a second convexly curved edge 202, 302 opposite the first edge 201, 301, and a straight third edge 203, 303 and a straight fourth edge 204, 304 opposite the third edge 203, 303, the third edge 203, 303 and the fourth edge 204, 304 extending between the first edge 201, 301 and the second edge 202, 302, respectively.

[0218] As Figure 31 shown, a first holding structure 40 including an opening 41 corresponding to the shape of the rigid first optical element 20 having a D-shaped cut can be connected to the rigid first optical element 20, for example, to tilt the rigid first optical element 20 relative to the rigid second optical element 30 such that a container 10 between the two optical elements 20, 30 forms a prism (e.g., a wedge), thereby adjusting the deflection of light entering the adjustable prism 1. Also herein, the rigid second optical element 30 is configured to be connected to a mounting structure 60 of other devices using the adjustable prism 1 (such as a mobile phone where the adjustable prism 1 is a component of a camera).

[0219] In addition, as Figure 32 shown, a second holding structure 50 is connected to the second optical element 30, the second holding structure 50 including an opening 51 having a profile corresponding to the shape of the D-cut second optical element 30 such that the two optical elements 20, 30 and the container 10 located therebetween are disposed between the two holding structures 40, 50. Herein, the second holding structure 50 can be configured to be connected to a mounting structure 60 of other devices using the adjustable prism 1 (such as a mobile device where the adjustable prism 1 is a component of a camera).

[0220] Generally, in all embodiments, the form of the rigid optical elements 20, 30 (such as glass elements) and the form of the container 10 can be adapted to a desired geometry and is not limited to the D-shaped cut shape, but can also be rectangular, oval, circular, etc. In addition, the corresponding holding structures 40, 50 can include serial numbers, such as QR codes, DMC codes, barcodes, plain text, etc., to ensure the traceability of the adjustable prism 1 during the production process.

[0221] Figure 33Shown is an adjustable prism 1 including an end stop 90. The end stop 90 is arranged to limit the relative movement of the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30 along the z-axis. The end stop 90 can be manufactured by injection molding. In particular, the end stop 90 can be arranged to limit the movement of the optical elements. For example, the end stop 90 limits the pulling stroke along the z-axis, the shear stroke along the x-axis and / or y-axis, and the pushing stroke that causes tilting of the first optical element.

[0222] The second optical element 30 is mounted on a second holding structure 50. The first optical element 20 is attached to a first holding structure 40. The first holding structure 40 and the second holding structure 50 have a frame-like shape extending along a plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. At least one of the holding structures 40, 50 is arranged to be mechanically connected to an actuator that is arranged to move the holding structures 40, 50 relative to each other. In particular, the actuator is arranged to bring the first holding structure into an inclined state 40'. For example, the first holding structure in the inclined state 40' does not indirectly contact the end stop 90 when actuated by the actuator.

[0223] Figure 34 Shown is Figure 33 the same embodiment of the adjustable prism, in which the holding structures 40, 50 move relative to each other by means of an accelerating force 91. The accelerating force 91 is not caused by an actuator. The accelerating force 91 can be caused by the inertia of the first holding structure 40 and the first optical element 20 that are movably mounted. The accelerating force 91 pulls the first holding structure 40 and the first optical element 20 along the z-axis. When the adjustable prism 1 is exposed to the accelerating force 91, the films 101, 102 are fully stretched simultaneously on all sides. The end stop 90 prevents damage to the films 101, 102 caused by the stretching. The relative movement of the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30 is limited by the end stop 90. The volume of the optical medium 2 remains constant. Thus, when the distance between the optical elements 20, 30 increases along the z-axis, the outer periphery of the films 101, 102 is pulled into the space between the optical elements 20, 30. In particular, the size of the outer periphery of the film is selected such that in the state where the relative position of the optical elements is defined by the end stop 90, the film does not protrude beyond the optical elements in the plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. In the state without the accelerating force 91, the outer periphery of the films 101, 102 protrudes beyond the edges of the optical elements 20, 30 along the plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. In particular, in the state without the accelerating force 91, the outer periphery of the films 101, 102 protrudes at least 200 microns beyond the optical elements.

[0224] Figure 35A side view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism including an end stop 90 is shown, which end stop limits the relative movement of the optical elements 20, 30 along the z-axis. Additionally, the adjustable prism 1 includes a lateral end stop 92, which lateral end stop 92 limits the relative movement of the optical elements 20, 30 along the plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. The end stop 90 and the lateral end stop 92 limit the position of the first optical element 20 by providing a hard stop for the first holding structure 40.

[0225] For example, the adjustable prism 1, in particular the first holding structure 40, has a rectangular shape in the plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis as seen in a top view. The first holding structure 40 has a first edge extending substantially along the x-axis and a second edge extending substantially along the y-axis. The length of the first edge is greater than the length of the second edge. In particular, the surface of the end stop 90 facing the holding structure 40 is curved. Thus, the maximum pulling range 95 in which the first holding structure 50 is pulled against the end stop 90 due to the accelerating force 91 does not limit the maximum inclination of the first holding structure 40. For example, the maximum pulling range 95 is defined by the minimum distance between the first holding structure 40 and the end stop 90 in the non-deflected state. In particular, the maximum pulling range 95 is 200 micrometers, preferably 100 micrometers. Advantageously, the small pulling range 95 reduces the peripheral material required for the first film 101 and the second film 102 to protrude beyond the first optical element 20 and the second optical element 30. Thereby, the size of the adjustable prisms 101, 102 can be minimized. Thus, along the z-axis, the distance between the second edge and the end stop 90 is greater than the distance between the first edge and the end stop 90.

[0226] Figure 36 A schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism 1 including a pivoting structure is shown, which pivoting structure is arranged to define a pivot point of the first optical element 20 relative to the second optical element 30. The pivoting structure includes a protrusion 94, which protrusion 94 is fixedly connected to the first holding structure 40. The protrusion 94 engages in a track element 93, which track element 93 guides the movement of the protrusion 94 along the track element 93. The track element 93 can be curved such that the track element 93 guides the movement of the first holding structure 40 during an inclination movement and provides an end stop in the direction along the z-axis. Advantageously, the pivoting structure improves the inclination performance and gives the prism better robustness against vibrations.

[0227] Figure 37A schematic side view of an embodiment of an adjustable prism 1 with an unprestrained first membrane 101 and a second membrane 102 is partially shown. In this embodiment, in the undeflected state, the outer peripheries of the membranes 101, 102 that are not in direct contact with the first optical element 20 or the second optical element 30 extend along a plane defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. Here and hereinafter, in the undeflected state, the first optical element 20 rests on the second optical element by its weight, and vice versa.

[0228] Figure 38 and 39 A schematic side view of an adjustable prism with a prestrained first membrane 101 and a second membrane 102 is partially shown. In the undeflected state, the outer peripheries of the first membrane and the second membrane extend obliquely with respect to the plane defined by the x-axis and the x-axis. For example, the outer peripheries of the first membrane 101 and the second membrane 102 include wrinkles. Due to the wrinkles, the membranes 101, 102 are at least partially bent towards the first optical element 20 or the second optical element 30.

[0229] Figure 40 An embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 including a plug-in end stop 96 is shown in a schematic perspective view. The plug-in end stop 96 limits the minimum distance between the optical elements 20, 30. The total height of the plug-in end stop 96 along the z-axis is greater than the thickness of the optical elements 20, 30 along the z-axis. The plug-in end stop 96 is integrated into the first holding structure 40 and the second holding structure 50. The plug-in end stop 96 of the first holding structure 40 and the plug-in end stop 96 of the second holding structure 50 face each other. The plug-in end stops 96 extend towards each other along the z-axis respectively. Advantageously, the risk of damaging the optical elements 20, 30 is reduced.

[0230] Figure 41 and Figure 42An embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 including the insertable end stopper 96 is shown in a schematic perspective view and a side view. The insertable end stopper 96 limits the minimum distance between the optical elements 20, 30. The insertable end stopper 96 is formed of a spherical element. The spherical element may be made of metal, rubber, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), or polysterol. In particular, the insertable end stopper 96 is formed of a cured adhesive. The first holding structure 40 and the second holding structure 50 include recesses in which the insertable end stopper 96 is disposed. Each insertable end stopper 96 provided on the first holding structure 40 faces the insertable end stopper 96 provided on the second holding structure 50. When the relative movement of the optical elements 20, 30 is restricted by the insertable end stopper 96, at least one insertable end stopper 96 of the first holding structure 40 is in direct contact with the opposing insertable end stopper 96 of the second holding structure 50.

[0231] Figure 43 An embodiment of the adjustable prism 1 including the insertable end stopper 96 is shown in a schematic side view. The insertable end stopper 96 limits the minimum distance along the z-axis between the optical elements 20, 30. The insertable end stopper 96 is formed of a spherical element. The insertable end stopper is disposed on the surface of the first holding structure 40 or the second holding structure 50. When the distance between the optical elements 20, 30 is restricted by the insertable end stopper 96, at least one spherical element is in direct contact with the two holding structures 40, 50.

Claims

1. An adjustable prism (1) for variably deflecting light (L) incident on the adjustable prism (1), wherein, The adjustable prism (1) comprises: - a member (10) which includes a transparent and flexible first surface (11), a transparent and flexible second surface (12) facing away from the first surface (11), and an optical medium (2) disposed between the first surface (11) and the second surface (12) such that light (L) incident on the first surface (11) passes through the optical medium (2) and exits the member (10) via the second surface (12), whereby the light (L) is deflected by the member (10) according to the angle (W) between the first surface (11) and the second surface (12), wherein the member (10) is a container filled with the optical medium (2), wherein the container includes a transparent and elastically deformable first membrane (101) and a transparent and elastically deformable second membrane (102), wherein the first membrane (101) and the second membrane (102) are connected via a rigid circumferential sidewall (13) of the container, and wherein the first membrane (101) forms the first surface (11), and wherein the second membrane (102) forms the second surface (12), wherein the optical medium (2) is disposed between the first membrane (101) and the second membrane (102), - a rigid first optical element (20) which includes a surface area (21) connected to the first surface (11), - a rigid second optical element (30) which includes a surface area (31) connected to the second surface (12), wherein the first membrane (101) extends continuously under the first optical element (20), and the second membrane (102) extends continuously under the second optical element (30), - an actuator system (S) configured to tilt the first optical element (20) and / or the second optical element (30) to adjust the angle (W), and wherein the surface area (21) of the first optical element (20) is connected to a part (11a) of the first surface (11) such that the first surface (11) includes a free circumferential part (11b) not covered by the surface area (21) of the first optical element (20); and / or wherein the surface area (31) of the second optical element (30) is connected to a part (12a) of the second surface (12) such that the second surface (12) includes a free circumferential part (12b) not covered by the surface area (31) of the second optical element (30).

2. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The member (10) completely bounds the volume of the optical medium (2) on all sides.

3. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter (D1) of the surface area (21) of the first optical element (20) is smaller than the diameter (D) of the volume surrounded by the circumferential sidewall (13); and / or the diameter (D2) of the surface area (31) of the second optical element (30) is smaller than the diameter (D) of the volume surrounded by the circumferential sidewall (13).

4. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The optical medium (2) is a transparent liquid or a transparent gel.

5. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes a first holding structure (40) configured to hold the first optical element (20); and / or the adjustable prism (1) includes a second holding structure (50) configured to hold the second optical element (30); the first holding structure (40) is formed by a plate including an opening (41), and the first optical element (20) is disposed in front of the opening (41); and / or the second holding structure (50) is formed by a plate including an opening (51), and the second optical element (30) is disposed in front of the opening (51) of the second holding structure (50).

6. The adjustable prism according to claim 5, wherein, The first optical element (20) is connected to the first holding structure (40) via a first intermediate optical element (25), and the diameter (D3) of the first intermediate optical element (25) is larger than the diameter (D1) of the first optical element (20); and / or the second optical element (30) is connected to the second holding structure (50) via a second intermediate optical element (35), and the diameter (D4) of the second intermediate optical element (35) is larger than the diameter (D2) of the second optical element (30).

7. The adjustable prism according to claim 5, wherein, The first holding structure (40) is integrally formed with the first optical element (20); and / or the second holding structure (50) is integrally formed with the second optical element (30).

8. The adjustable prism according to claim 5, wherein, The first optical element (20) includes a protrusion (27), and the surface area (21) of the first optical element (20) is bounded by a circumferential edge (28) of the protrusion (27); and / or the second optical element (30) includes a protrusion (37), and the surface area (31) of the second optical element (30) is bounded by a circumferential edge (38) of the protrusion (37) of the second optical element (30).

9. The adjustable prism according to claim 5, wherein, The first holding structure (40) is rigidly connected to the support structure (3) of the adjustable prism (1), and the actuator system (S) is configured to act on the second holding structure (50) to adjust the angle (W), or the second holding structure (50) is rigidly connected to the support structure (3) of the adjustable prism (1), and the actuator system (S) is configured to act on the first holding structure (40) to adjust the angle (W).

10. The adjustable prism according to claim 5, wherein, The member (10) is rigidly connected to the support structure (3) of the adjustable prism (1), and the actuator system (S) is configured to act on the first holding structure (40) to tilt the first optical element (20) and act on the second holding structure (50) to tilt the second optical element (30), thereby adjusting the angle (W).

11. The adjustable prism according to claim 9, wherein, The member (10) is connected to the support structure (3) of the adjustable prism (1) via one or more springs (4) or via a gimbal (5).

12. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes a first holding structure (40) and a second holding structure (50). The first holding structure is configured to hold the first optical element (20), and the second holding structure is configured to hold the second optical element (30). The actuator system (S) includes a plurality of actuators (S1, S2, ……) to tilt the first holding structure (40) about a first axis (A1) and / or about a second axis (A2); and / or the actuator system (S) includes a plurality of actuators (S1, S2, ……) to tilt the second holding structure (50) about the first axis and / or about the second axis.

13. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes a height (H) in a first direction and a length (X) in a second direction extending perpendicular to the first direction. The first direction and the second direction extend perpendicular to the optical axis (O) of the adjustable prism (1), and the height (H) is less than the length (X).

14. The adjustable prism according to claim 12, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes a height (H) in a first direction and a length (X) in a second direction extending perpendicular to the first direction. The first direction and the second direction extend perpendicular to the optical axis (O) of the adjustable prism (1). The actuators (S1, S2, ……) are grouped into two actuator groups (G1, G2), and the actuator groups (G1, G2) are disposed on opposite sides of the member (10) with respect to the second direction.

15. The adjustable prism according to claim 12, wherein, Sensors (H1, H2, ……) are disposed adjacent to each actuator (S1, S2, ……) to measure the stroke of the corresponding actuator. The adjustable prism (1) is configured to use the measured strokes to control the adjustment of the angle (W) or reduce the crosstalk between the respective actuators (S1, S2, ……).

16. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes a temperature sensor adjacent to the optical medium (2) to measure the temperature of the optical medium (2).

17. The adjustable prism according to claim 16, wherein, In order to produce a desired optical deflection angle (U) of the light (L) passing through the adjustable prism (1), the adjustable prism (1) is configured to determine the actual refractive index of the optical medium (2) and determine a reference value of the angle (W) based on the measured temperature, so as to obtain the desired optical deflection angle (U) when the angle (W) of the adjustable prism (1) is adjusted to the determined reference value.

18. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The rigid first optical element (20) is a rigid prism.

19. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The rigid first optical element (20) includes a convexly curved first edge (201) and a convexly curved second edge (202) opposite the first edge (201), and the rigid first optical element (20) includes a straight third edge (203) and a straight fourth edge (204) opposite the third edge (203), and the third edge (203) and the fourth edge (204) extend between the first edge (201) and the second edge (202), respectively.

20. The adjustable prism according to claim 1, wherein, The rigid second optical element (30) includes a convexly curved first edge (301) and a convexly curved second edge (302) opposite the first edge (301), and the rigid second optical element (30) includes a straight third edge (303) and a straight fourth edge (304) opposite the third edge (303), and the third edge (303) and the fourth edge (304) extend between the first edge (301) and the second edge (302), respectively.

21. The adjustable prism according to claim 12, wherein, Each actuator (S1, S2, S3, S4) includes a magnet (80) and an opposing electric coil (70) to generate a Lorentz force when current is applied to the electric coil.

22. An adjustable prism (1) for variably deflecting light (L) incident on the adjustable prism (1), wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes: - a rigid first optical element (20) including a surface area (21), - a rigid second optical element (30) including a surface area (31), - an optical medium (2) disposed between the surface area (21) of the rigid first optical element (20) and the surface area (31) of the rigid second optical element (30) such that light (L) incident on the rigid first optical element passes through the surface area (21) of the rigid first optical element (20), the optical medium (2), and the surface area (31) of the rigid second optical element (30), thereby deflecting the light (L) according to an angle (W) between the surface area (21) of the rigid first optical element (20) and the surface area (31) of the rigid second optical element (30). Wherein the optical medium (2) is disposed in a container, wherein the container includes a transparent and elastically deformable first membrane (101) connected to the surface area (21) of the rigid first optical element (20), wherein the container includes a transparent and elastically deformable second membrane (102) connected to the surface area (31) of the rigid second optical element (30), and wherein each of the first membrane (101) and the second membrane (102) includes an edge region, and the edge region (101a) of the first membrane (101) and the edge region (102a) of the second membrane (102) are attached to each other such that the optical medium (2) is only surrounded by the first membrane (101) and the second membrane (102).

23. The adjustable prism according to claim 22, wherein, The rigid first optical element (20) includes an outer surface (20a) extending at an acute angle (A) with respect to the surface area (21) of the rigid first optical element (20), and the outer surface (20a) is configured to receive light (L) to be deflected by the adjustable prism (1).

24. The adjustable prism according to claim 22, wherein, The rigid second optical element (30) is configured to be tilted to adjust the angle (W); and / or the rigid first optical element (20) is configured to be tilted to adjust the angle (W).

25. The adjustable prism according to claim 22, wherein, The adjustable prism (1) includes at least one actuator (S1, S2, S3, S4) to tilt the rigid second optical element (30) relative to the rigid first optical element (20).

26. The adjustable prism according to claim 25, wherein, To tilt the rigid second optical element (30), the at least one actuator (S1, S2, S3, S4) is connected to the outer side (30a) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing the rigid first optical element (20).

27. The adjustable prism according to claim 25, wherein, To tilt the rigid second optical element (30), the at least one actuator (S1, S2, S3, S4) is connected to the outer side (30b) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing away from the rigid first optical element (20).

28. The adjustable prism according to claim 25, wherein, The at least one actuator (S1, S2, S3, S4) is connected via a holding structure (50) to the outer side (30a) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing the rigid first optical element (20) and the outer side (30b) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing away from the rigid first optical element (20), the holding structure (50) being configured to hold the rigid second optical element (30), and the holding structure (50) being attached to the outer side (30a) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing the rigid first optical element (20) and the outer side (30b) of the rigid second optical element (30) facing away from the rigid first optical element (20).

29. The adjustable prism according to claim 28, wherein, The holding structure (50) is formed by a plate including an opening (51), and the rigid second optical element (30) is disposed in front of the opening (51).

Images