Ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment and treatment method thereof

Abstract

An ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment, including a garbage screw conveyor, a furnace combustion chamber, and a water-cooled flue; the furnace combustion chamber is divided into three parts: a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, and a third combustion chamber, which are stacked from bottom to top; the garbage screw conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the furnace and connected to the first combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber cylinder wall is also provided with an ignition burner; the water-cooled flue is arranged above the third combustion chamber, and a water spray device and a flue water supply tank are arranged on the water-cooled flue; a bottom ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, and an ash scraper conveyor is arranged below the bottom ash hopper, and a guide plate is arranged between the interlayers of the second combustion chamber shell. The garbage treatment method of the present invention raises the combustion temperature to above 1200°C, so that the garbage is fully and completely burned, and harmful substances such as dioxins in the flue gas are greatly reduced. At the same time, the water-cooled flue quenching technology can be used to minimize pollutant emissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of waste incineration treatment, and mainly relates to an ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment device and a treatment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the government's supervision of the landfill process, secondary pollution control, site closure and restoration becomes increasingly strict, the incineration method of garbage has gradually become the mainstream method of garbage disposal in my country.

[0003] Incineration and utilization of waste heat is the most promising method for treating waste according to the "three transformations" principle, but the construction and long-term operation of waste incineration power plants will bring about secondary pollution problems, especially the pollution of dioxins produced during the incineration process, which has attracted worldwide attention. According to statistics, dioxins emitted by incinerators account for about 10% to 40% of the total dioxin emissions worldwide. According to GB 18485-2014 Municipal Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard, the dioxin limit is 0.1ng TEQ / m 3 In the future, the limit standards for dioxins will become more and more stringent.

[0004] The present invention provides an ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment device and a treatment method thereof, which can greatly reduce the generation of harmful gases such as dioxins and nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the combustion process. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment and a treatment method thereof, which can increase the combustion temperature to above 1200°C, so that the waste can be fully and completely burned, and harmful substances such as dioxins in the flue gas can be greatly reduced.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment, including a garbage screw conveyor, a furnace combustion chamber, and a water-cooled flue; the furnace combustion chamber is divided into three parts: the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber, which are stacked from bottom to top in sequence, and through the three-stage combustion of strong swirl air and combustion products, full combustion is achieved and emissions are reduced. The garbage screw conveyor is arranged at the lower part of the first combustion chamber at the bottom of the furnace and is connected to the first combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber cylinder wall is also provided with an ignition burner; the water-cooled flue is arranged above the third combustion chamber, and a water spray device and a flue water supply tank are arranged on the water-cooled flue to rapidly cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet and reduce the regeneration rate of decomposed dioxins. A bottom ash hopper is provided at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, and an ash scraper conveyor is provided below the bottom ash hopper. A guide plate is arranged between the interlayers of the shell of the second combustion chamber to enhance the strength of the secondary swirl wind.

[0007] The first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber are all composed of an outer shell 13 and a coaxial inner shell, and the three-stage combustion chamber is composed of an inner shell, an outer shell, an air inlet pipe seat and an air duct. There are three cylinders corresponding to the three-stage combustion chamber, which are arranged at intervals. The lower part of the cylinder is open, and the outer wall of the cylinder and the inner wall of the inner shell 14 at the outer periphery form a ventilation channel to guide the swirling wind in the jacket to swirl downward to the surface of the pile fuel and then upward.

[0008] The guide plate is a spiral ascending partition between the outer shell 13, the inner shell 14 and the cylinder 16, with an ascending angle of about 5-30 degrees, which is used to enhance the swirl strength of the wind (forming a swirling ascending airflow instead of a straight ascending airflow). The secondary air refers to the ventilation channel formed by the cylinder 16 and the outer inner shell 14, which is heated and then introduced into the second combustion chamber from the lower part of the second combustion chamber. The hot air flow is conducive to supporting the combustion of fuel.

[0009] Furthermore, the garbage screw conveyor is a variable frequency conveyor, and the conveying rate can be adjusted according to the combustion speed of the garbage in the furnace to keep the feeding speed and the combustion speed balanced.

[0010] Furthermore, the three-stage combustion chambers are connected by flanges to facilitate disassembly, maintenance and replacement.

[0011] Furthermore, temperature measuring points are arranged on the three-stage combustion chamber, and flow meters are arranged at the air inlets, so as to adjust the air volume according to the operating conditions and improve the combustion conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the water-cooled flue is a double-layer jacketed flue, the jacket is filled with water, and an exhaust pipe seat is also arranged outside the jacket.

[0013] Furthermore, a liquid level gauge is provided on the flue water supply tank to achieve automatic water replenishment after the liquid level drops to a low water level.

[0014] The processing method of the ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste processing equipment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0015] (1) After preliminary screening of domestic waste, iron wire, stones and other materials not suitable for burning are removed, and then crushed with a small crusher and dried. The particle size of the waste after crushing is required to be no larger than 10mm;

[0016] (2) The pre-treated garbage enters the garbage screw conveyor and enters the first combustion chamber from the bottom of the furnace;

[0017] (3) The ignition burner is ignited, and the flue gas generated by the combustion passes through the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber and enters the water-cooled flue from the furnace outlet;

[0018] (4) Through the action of ultra-high temperature strong cyclone wind, non-combustible inorganic matter is separated by centrifugation and falls down, enters the bottom ash hopper along the cylinder wall at the bottom of the combustion furnace, and further falls into the ash scraper conveyor.

[0019] The igniter of the present invention is a fuel oil (gas) burner, which is externally connected to a fuel tank or a gas pipe. When the garbage feeding and the combustion consumption reach a dynamic balance and the combustion is stable, the igniter can be turned off.

[0020] Airflow working process Figure 3 : Smoke and wind system diagram; Combustion process: The garbage screw conveyor is divided into two parts: the horizontal section and the vertical section. The garbage enters the horizontal section of the conveyor from the hopper outside the furnace, is transported to the center of the furnace by the horizontal section, and then is transported upward by the vertical section and enters the first combustion chamber 5 to form a pile.

[0021] Temperature range: The first combustion chamber 5 is between 400℃ and 700℃ from the bottom to the top; the second combustion chamber 6 is the main combustion area, with a temperature range of about 700℃-1200℃; the third combustion chamber 8 is the burning area, and the temperature can also be maintained at 900℃-1200℃; the tail recirculation air is connected, and the temperature at the furnace outlet drops to about 900℃. The flue gas passes through the water-cooled flue and the water-spraying extreme cooling device at the tail of the flue, and the flue gas temperature quickly drops to about 280℃.

[0022] The igniter flame is sprayed onto the surface of the pile to ignite the pile. During the combustion process, the surface pile gradually turns into light materials and spirals upward along with the primary and secondary air and the combustion hot air. It continues to burn during the rising process and is basically burned out when it reaches the third combustion chamber.

[0023] Airflow working process Figure 3 : Smoke and wind system diagram; Combustion process: The garbage screw conveyor is divided into two parts: the horizontal section and the vertical section. The garbage enters the horizontal section of the conveyor from the hopper outside the furnace, is transported to the center of the furnace by the horizontal section, and then is transported upward by the vertical section and enters the first combustion chamber 5 to form a pile.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment and treatment method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0025] (1) Through multi-stage strong swirl disturbance, combustion is complete, and the water-cooled flue quenching technology can minimize pollutant emissions.

[0026] (2) Ultra-high temperature combustion can achieve the combustion of flame-retardant materials such as petroleum coke and tires.

[0027] (3) By utilizing the interlayer of the inner and outer furnace bodies, the furnace area does not require refractory materials or a water cooling system. Normal temperature air flows along the inner shell wall of the furnace to achieve effective cooling, which can protect the high-temperature combustion chamber wall above 1200°C. The actual maximum temperature of the outer shell does not exceed 50°C.

[0028] (4) Prevent the production of clinker. The strong swirling flow near the material and the negative pressure between the furnace and the ash hopper cause ash and slag to be discharged from the bottom along the wall under the action of centrifugal force, thus eliminating the production of slag. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the device structure provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the combustion chamber structure provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the smoke and air system provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second combustion chamber of a device with a garbage processing capacity of 500Kg / h, and its size parameters are given.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1-ash scraper conveyor; 2-garbage screw conveyor; 3-bottom ash hopper; 4-ignition burner; 5-first combustion chamber; 6-second combustion chamber; 7-third combustion chamber; 8-guide plate; 9-water-cooled flue; 10-flue water supply tank; 11-water spray device; 12-emptying pipe seat; 13-outer shell; 14-inner shell; 15-air inlet pipe seat; 16-cylinder; 17-smoke recirculation pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1The schematic diagram of the equipment structure is shown. An ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment includes a garbage screw conveyor 2, a furnace combustion chamber, and a water-cooled flue 9; the furnace combustion chamber is divided into three parts: a first combustion chamber 5, a second combustion chamber 6 and a third combustion chamber 7, which are stacked from bottom to top in sequence, and through the three-stage combustion of strong swirling air and combustion products, full combustion is achieved to reduce emissions. The garbage screw conveyor 2 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace and connected to the first combustion chamber 5; the combustible garbage crushed particles used in the combustion chamber are required to be no larger than 10mm (the length of the slender object with fiber can be 25mm, but the width should be slightly less than 10mm, and the maximum cross-sectional area should not exceed 200 square millimeters). The first combustion chamber 5 is also provided with an ignition burner 4 on the wall of the cylinder; the water-cooled flue is arranged above the third combustion chamber 7, and a water spray device 11 and a flue water supply tank 10 are arranged on the water-cooled flue 9 to rapidly cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet and reduce the regeneration rate of dioxins after decomposition. The bottom of the first combustion chamber 5 is provided with a bottom ash hopper 3, and an ash scraper conveyor 1 is provided below the bottom ash hopper 3. The fuel of the igniter is diesel, and the igniter can be stopped after the pile of materials in the furnace is stably burned. The combustible garbage is mainly packaging waste of domestic garbage, including various paper, wood, bamboo, and plastic (various polymer materials). The combustible garbage is crushed and granulated if necessary.

[0037] Airflow working process Figure 3 : Smoke and air system diagram; Transportation and combustion process of combustible garbage: The garbage screw conveyor is divided into two parts: the horizontal section and the vertical section. The garbage enters the horizontal section of the conveyor from the hopper outside the furnace, is transported to the center of the furnace by the horizontal section, and then is transported upward by the vertical section (such as the installed cylindrical screw conveyor) and enters the first combustion chamber 5 to form a pile. The upper section of the first combustion chamber 5 can form a higher temperature,

[0038] The combustion temperature of the equipment of the present invention exceeds 1200℃ in the high temperature area, and the smoke residence time meets the 2s requirement. When the smoke temperature drops to the range of 300℃ to 500℃, a small amount of decomposed dioxins will be regenerated. Reducing the residence time of the smoke in this temperature range can reduce the amount of dioxins generated.

[0039] The decomposition temperature of dioxin is above 700℃. According to GB 18485-2014 "Pollution Control Standards for Incineration of Municipal Waste", it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of flue gas in the combustion chamber reaches 850℃ and the residence time is not less than 2s.

[0040] The garbage screw conveyor 2 is a variable frequency conveyor, and the conveying rate can be adjusted according to the combustion speed of the garbage in the furnace to keep the feed speed and the combustion speed balanced. The ignition burner 4 is only used for combustion assistance and can be turned off after the combustion reaches a stable state. A guide plate 8 is arranged between the interlayers of the shell of the second combustion chamber 6 to enhance the strength of the secondary swirl wind. The three-stage combustion chambers are connected by flanges for easy disassembly, maintenance and replacement. Temperature measuring points are arranged on the three-stage combustion chambers, and flow meters are arranged at the air inlets, so as to adjust the air volume according to the operating conditions and improve the combustion conditions. The water-cooled flue 9 is a double-layer jacketed flue with water in the jacket and an emptying pipe seat 12 on the outside of the jacket. A liquid level gauge is arranged on the flue water supply tank 10 to achieve automatic water replenishment after the liquid level drops to a low water level.

[0041] like Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the combustion chamber structure of the present invention shows that the three-stage combustion chamber is composed of an inner shell 14, an outer shell 13, and an air inlet pipe seat 15. The third combustion chamber 7 receives the tail recirculation flue gas 5-3, i.e., the tail recirculation air, for high-temperature preheating. At the same time, the swirling air will separate the incompletely burned parts of the first two stages toward the outer wall, and burn them again after swirling, so as to achieve complete and sufficient combustion.

[0042] like Figure 3 The smoke and wind system diagram provided by the present invention. The primary air 5-1 flows into the combustion chamber interlayer through the air inlet pipe seat 15, generating high-speed swirling air, which participates in the combustion in the furnace and generates spiral rising smoke. The secondary air, i.e., the secondary wind, is strengthened by the guide plate 8 and returned by the cylinder wall, generating a strong downward swirling airflow, reaching the garbage surface, strengthening the disturbance of the smoke, and making the combustion effect more complete.

[0043] The waste handling capacity can be adjusted by adjusting the design diameter of the furnace shell, and the handling range is from 25Kg / hr to 10000Kg / hr.

[0044] The processing method of the ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste processing equipment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Domestic waste is initially screened to remove iron wire, stones and other materials that are not suitable for burning, and then crushed with a small crusher and dried;

[0046] (2) The pre-treated garbage enters the garbage screw conveyor and enters the first combustion chamber from the bottom of the furnace;

[0047] (3) The ignition burner is ignited, and the flue gas generated by the combustion passes through the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber and enters the water-cooled flue from the furnace outlet;

[0048] (4) Through the action of ultra-high temperature strong cyclone wind, non-combustible inorganic matter is separated by centrifugation and falls down, enters the bottom ash hopper along the cylinder wall at the bottom of the combustion furnace, and further falls into the ash scraper conveyor.

[0049] Figure 4 The diameter of the outer shell 13 is Φ2022mm, and the diameter of the inner shell 14 is Φ1832mm. The diameter of the cylinder 16 distributed at intervals is Φ1500mm, and it forms a ventilation channel with the inner shell 14 on the outer periphery, guiding the swirling wind in the jacket to swirl downward and then upward after reaching the surface of the pile. The guide plate is a spirally rising partition between the outer shell 13, the inner shell 14 and the cylinder 16, with an ascending angle of about 5-30°, which is used to enhance the swirling intensity of the wind. The secondary air 5-2 refers to the ventilation channel formed by the cylinder 16 and the inner shell 14 of the outer circle, which is heated and then introduced into the second combustion chamber from the lower part of the second combustion chamber. The hot air flow is conducive to supporting the combustion of fuel.

[0050] According to the user's conditions and needs, this system can be divided into waste heat recovery type and non-waste heat recovery type. The waste heat recovery type is to set up a waste heat boiler or other recovery device after the water-cooled flue to generate steam or hot water for external use. If the user cannot use the recovered waste heat, the non-waste heat recovery type can be used, that is, to set up cooling equipment after the water-cooled flue, and the flue gas is directly discharged after cooling and dust removal, only realizing garbage reduction treatment. Both methods can achieve standard emissions.

Claims

1. An ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment device, comprising a waste screw conveyor (2), a furnace combustion chamber, and a water-cooled flue (9), characterized in that: The furnace combustion chamber is divided into three parts: a first combustion chamber (5), a second combustion chamber (6) and a third combustion chamber (7), which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top; the garbage screw conveyor (2) is arranged at the bottom of the furnace and connected to the first combustion chamber (5); the first combustion chamber (5) is also provided with an ignition burner (4) on its wall; the water-cooled flue (9) is arranged above the third combustion chamber (7), and a water spray device (11) and a flue water supply tank (10) are arranged on the water-cooled flue (9); a bottom ash hopper (3) is provided at the bottom of the first combustion chamber (5), and an ash scraper conveyor (1) is provided below the bottom ash hopper (3); the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber are all composed of an outer shell and a coaxial inner shell, and the three-stage combustion chamber is all composed of an inner shell, an outer shell, an air inlet pipe seat and an air induced draft pipe; three cylinders corresponding to the three-stage combustion chamber are provided, the lower part of the cylinder is open, and the outer wall of the cylinder and the inner shell of the outer periphery are connected. The inner wall forms a ventilation channel to guide the swirling wind in the jacket to swirl downward to the surface of the pile fuel and then upward; a guide plate (8) is arranged between the interlayers of the second combustion chamber shell to strengthen the strength of the secondary swirling wind; the three-stage combustion chambers are connected by flanges, temperature measuring points are arranged on the three-stage combustion chambers, and a flow meter is arranged at the air inlet; the water-cooled flue (9) is a double-layer jacketed flue, the jacket is filled with water, and an exhaust pipe seat (12) is also arranged on the outer side of the jacket; the third combustion chamber is connected to the tail recirculation flue gas, i.e., the tail recirculation air, for high-temperature preheating, and at the same time, the swirling air separates the incompletely burned parts of the first two stages toward the outer wall, and burns again after swirling; the primary air flows into the combustion chamber interlayer through the air inlet pipe seat to generate high-speed swirling air, which participates in combustion in the furnace and generates spiral rising flue gas; the secondary air, i.e., the secondary air, is strengthened by the guide plate and returned by the cylinder wall to generate a strong downward swirling airflow to reach the garbage surface.

2. The ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate is a spirally ascending partition between the outer shell (13), the inner shell (14) and the cylinder (16), with an ascending angle of 5-30 degrees, and is used to enhance the swirl intensity of the wind.

3. The ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The garbage screw conveyor (2) is a variable frequency conveyor.

4. The ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The garbage screw conveyor is divided into a horizontal section and a vertical section. The garbage enters the horizontal section of the conveyor from the hopper outside the furnace, is transported to the center of the furnace by the horizontal section, and then is transported upward by the vertical section to enter the first combustion chamber (5) to form a pile.

5. The ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level meter is provided on the flue water supply tank (10).

6. A method for treating domestic waste using an ultra-high temperature hot cyclone type domestic waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) The domestic waste is initially screened to remove materials that are not suitable for combustion, such as iron wire and stones, and then crushed by a small crusher and dried; the particle size of the crushed waste is no more than 10 mm; (2) The pre-treated waste enters the waste screw conveyor (2) and enters the first combustion chamber (5) from the bottom of the furnace; (3) The ignition burner (4) is ignited, and the flue gas generated by the combustion passes through the first combustion chamber (5), the second combustion chamber (6), and the third combustion chamber (7) and enters the water-cooled flue (9) from the furnace outlet; (4) Through the action of the ultra-high temperature strong cyclone wind, the non-combustible inorganic substances are The ash is centrifugally separated and descends, enters the bottom ash hopper (3) along the cylinder wall at the bottom of the combustion furnace, and then falls into the ash scraper conveyor (1); the temperature range is: the first combustion chamber (5) is between 400°C and 700°C from the bottom to the top; the second combustion chamber (6) is the main combustion area, and the temperature range is 700°C to 1200°C; the third combustion chamber is the burning area, and the temperature is maintained at 900°C to 1200°C; the tail is then connected to the circulating air, and the temperature at the furnace outlet drops to 900°C; the third combustion chamber is connected to the tail recirculating flue gas, i.e., the tail recirculating air, for high-temperature preheating.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The igniter flame is sprayed onto the surface of the pile to ignite the pile. During the combustion process, the surface pile gradually becomes light material and spirals up with the primary and secondary air and the combustion hot air. It continues to burn during the rising process and is basically burned out when it reaches the third combustion chamber. The flue gas passes through the water-cooled flue and the water-spraying extreme cooling device at the tail of the flue, and the flue gas temperature drops rapidly to 280℃.

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