A large-volume railway tank car with heating function

Abstract

The present invention relates to a railway tank car. In order to solve the problems that the outer side of the bolster of the existing railway tank car without a center beam cannot be effectively heated and the tank car is difficult to match with the existing ground loading and unloading facilities, a large-volume railway tank car with a heating function is provided. A heating jacket is provided on the outer side of the lower part of the tank body, and a plurality of manholes and at least two breathing safety valves are provided on the top, and the positions of the manholes correspond to the ground loading and unloading facilities; a side ladder is provided on the side of the tank body close to the head of the car body; the heating jacket includes a bottom heating shell, two side heating shells, and a plurality of outer bolster heating shells; the bottom heating shell is sealed and connected to the bottom of the tank body to form a bottom heating chamber, and a condensate outlet is provided in the middle of the bottom heating shell; an annular guide piece is provided in the middle of each side heating shell, which divides the side heating chamber into two independent sub-heating chambers; a plurality of outer bolster heating shells are respectively arranged on the outer side of each sub-heating chamber and are sealed and connected to the outer bolster part of the tank body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a railway tank car with a heating function, in particular to a large-capacity center-beam-less railway tank car with a heating function. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of chemical products with large differences in physical properties. The requirements for transportation and loading and unloading vary, so different types of vehicles are needed to match them. When the shipping medium has a high freezing point and high viscosity, it needs to be heated for unloading. Such railway tank cars need to be equipped with heating devices. However, existing railway tank cars with heating devices are mostly dedicated vehicles and can only load and unload media with similar physical properties. They are not very versatile and the tank volume is also limited. In order to further improve the economy, availability and operability of railway tank car transportation, large-volume general-purpose chemical railway tank cars with heating functions have been developed. The tank volume has been increased and more media can be shipped. However, this has also brought many problems, the most prominent of which are:

[0003] (1) The existing external heating structure adopts an external heating jacket structure. The heating jacket is divided into multiple chambers by annular supports. The chambers are connected by small holes on the annular supports. During heating, steam flows freely, the heating area cannot be effectively utilized, and the heating efficiency is low. Especially for tank cars without center beams, due to structural limitations, the outside of the bolster beam cannot be effectively heated without a heating jacket.

[0004] (2) Railway tank cars are loaded and unloaded using fluid loading and unloading arms or similar devices. Each loading and unloading line is usually equipped with multiple sets of unloading and unloading devices, usually spaced 12 meters apart. After a train of railway tank cars enters the loading and unloading line, they can be loaded and unloaded simultaneously or partially simultaneously. As the volume and load of railway tank cars continue to increase, the length of the tank cars also continues to grow, making it difficult for tank cars to fully match existing ground loading and unloading facilities. Loading and unloading operations must be carried out through multiple shunting or uncoupling operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of existing large-volume general chemical railway tank cars with heating function, such as the inability to effectively heat the outer side of the bolster as the volume of the tank body increases, and the difficulty in fully matching the tank cars with existing ground loading and unloading facilities, and to provide a large-volume railway tank car with heating function.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function comprises a car body and a tank body mounted on the car body via a traction bolster structure; the car body is a slanted bottom structure; the traction bolster structure comprises a traction beam and two bolsters arranged on both sides of the traction beam; the traction beam comprises two traction beam webs, and upper cover plates and a middle plate under the bolster arranged on the upper and lower sides of the two traction beam webs; the special feature of the invention is that:

[0008] A heating jacket is provided on the outer side of the lower part of the tank body, and a plurality of manholes and at least two breathing safety valves are provided on the top. The location of the manholes matches the length of the vehicle and the ground loading and unloading facilities. The two breathing safety valves are respectively located on both sides of the middle part of the tank body; a side ladder is provided on the side of the tank body near the head of the vehicle body;

[0009] The heating jacket includes a bottom heating shell and two side heating shells, as well as multiple pillow outer heating shells; the bottom heating shell is sealed and connected to the bottom of the tank body to form a bottom heating cavity, and a condensed water outlet is provided in the middle of the bottom heating shell; the two side heating shells are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom heating shell in a circumferential direction and are respectively sealed and connected to the tank body to form two side heating cavities;

[0010] An annular flow guide is provided in the middle of each side heating shell, dividing the side heating chamber into two independent sub-heating chambers; each sub-heating chamber is provided with N partitions with one end open, dividing the sub-heating chamber into N+1 sub-heating chambers, where N ≥ 1; the open ends of two adjacent partitions are staggered at both ends of the partitions, and the open ends of each partition and the N+1 sub-heating chambers form an S-shaped steam flow channel connected to the bottom heating chamber; the inlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel in each sub-heating chamber is arranged near the center of the bottom of the tank body, and the outlet is arranged near the head of the tank body;

[0011] The annular guide member is provided with a first condensed water flow hole communicating with at least one sub-heating chamber, and a second condensed water flow hole communicating with the bottom heating chamber;

[0012] The multiple external pillow heating shells are respectively arranged on the outside of each sub-heating cavity, and are closed and connected to the external pillow part of the tank body to form an external pillow heating cavity; each external pillow heating cavity is connected to the sub-heating cavity on the corresponding side, and each external pillow heating shell is provided with a steam outlet near the tank head side.

[0013] Furthermore, a drainage section is provided on the side of the sub-heating chamber close to the bottom heating chamber, the inlet end of the drainage section is provided close to the inlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel, and the outlet end of the drainage section is close to the pillow outer heating chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the two traction beam webs are arranged parallel to each other, and each traction beam web includes a side wing plate and a lower wing plate perpendicular to each other, the two side wing plates are parallel to each other and the two lower wing plates are coplanar;

[0015] The side wing plate is provided with a protrusion near the tank head, and the shape of the side wing plate located behind the protrusion is adapted to the outer contour of the tank head. The side wing plate is provided with an arc section and a straight edge extension section at one end near the middle section of the tank body;

[0016] The lower wing plate and the arc section are connected via a transition section with a chamfer;

[0017] The upper cover plate is arranged between the two side wing plates at the front of the protrusion and is located in the front area of the two protrusions. The upper edge of the upper cover plate is an arc-shaped notch, and a gap for observation is formed between the arc-shaped notch and the tank head;

[0018] The suboccipital middle plate is arranged below the two lower wing plates.

[0019] Furthermore, the bolster includes a bolster bottom plate, a bolster web plate vertically arranged on the bolster bottom plate, bolster side plates arranged at the outer edges of the bolster web plate, and two L-shaped reinforcement plates;

[0020] The web of the bolster is vertically connected to the side wing plate on the same side, and the bottom plate of the bolster is connected to the lower wing plate on the same side;

[0021] The two L-shaped reinforcement plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bolster web, one edge of the L-shaped reinforcement plate is connected to the bolster web, and the other edge is connected to the side wing plate.

[0022] Furthermore, a first unloading notch is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the web of the bolster and the side wing plate;

[0023] A second unloading notch is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the L-shaped reinforcing plate and the side wing plate, and the bottom of the second unloading notch is higher than the bottom of the first unloading notch.

[0024] Furthermore, the two side plates of the bolster are arranged in an eight-shaped shape;

[0025] An observation hole is provided on each of the L-shaped reinforcement plates.

[0026] Furthermore, the breathing safety valve comprises a valve cover and a valve body which are detachably and hermetically connected, and the valve body is mounted on the tank body;

[0027] The valve cover is sleeved with an adjusting rod, which is threadedly engaged with the valve cover. The upper end of the adjusting rod extends to the outside of the valve cover and is locked by a fastener. The lower end is connected to the top cover, and a gap is left between the top cover and the inner wall of the valve cover.

[0028] The valve body is provided with a discharge valve disc and a suction valve disc in sequence from the outside to the inside; the valve body and the discharge valve disc are in sliding cooperation, and the discharge valve disc and the suction valve disc are in sliding cooperation; a support edge is provided at the bottom of the valve body for supporting the discharge valve disc;

[0029] A first elastic component is provided in the valve body, wherein the upper end of the first elastic component abuts against the top cover, and the lower end abuts against the discharge valve disc;

[0030] The upper end of the suction valve disc extends to the upper part of the discharge valve disc, and the protruding part is provided with an elastic component mounting seat, on which a second elastic component is mounted. The end of the second elastic component away from the elastic component mounting seat abuts against the discharge valve disc.

[0031] Furthermore, the valve cover and the valve body are detachably and hermetically connected via a plurality of connecting shafts;

[0032] The valve cover and the valve body are respectively provided with a valve cover flange and a valve body flange;

[0033] The valve cover flange is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes along the circumferential direction, and the valve body flange is provided with a plurality of second mounting holes along the circumferential direction, the same number as the first mounting holes;

[0034] The first mounting hole includes a through hole and a limiting through hole that are interconnected;

[0035] The second mounting hole is a through hole;

[0036] The connecting shaft has a first boss and a third boss at both ends, and a second boss is provided between the first boss and the third boss and adjacent to the first boss; the through hole is larger than the limiting through hole and is used for the second boss and the third boss to pass through;

[0037] The portion of the connecting shaft located between the second boss and the third boss is in close contact with the inner wall of the limiting through hole; the second boss is located in the second mounting hole;

[0038] The first boss is pressed tightly against the valve body flange, and the third boss is pressed tightly against the valve cover flange.

[0039] Furthermore, at least one positioning hole is provided on the valve cover flange and the valve body flange, and a positioning pin is provided in the positioning hole;

[0040] The outer edge of the top of the valve body and the inner edge of the valve cover are matched with each other by a conical surface.

[0041] Furthermore, the plurality of partitions are all made of channel steel, one edge of the opening side of each channel steel is fully welded to the tank body, and the other edge is intermittently welded to the tank body, and a plurality of notches are opened on the edge.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The large-volume railway tank car with heating function of the present invention adopts a heating jacket suitable for large-volume tank bodies, adopts longitudinal support to guide steam flow, and increases the effective heating area. At the same time, the steam is introduced into the outer side of the bolster through the annular guide piece through the web of the bolster, which can effectively heat the area outside the bolster and improve the overall heating efficiency of the tank car; the heating jacket can fully heat the bottom of the tank body, ensuring that the discharge port at the bottom of the tank body is fully heated, which is convenient for unloading; the setting of the S-shaped steam flow channel can effectively increase the travel of steam in the heating device, and the positions of the steam flow channel inlet and outlet are set far apart from each other, so that the travel of steam in the heating device is maximized. Compared with the existing technology, the stroke of half the length of the tank body is greatly improved, the steam utilization rate is improved, and energy waste is reduced; a steam outlet is opened on the upper part of each pillow outer heating shell, and the steam outlet is set close to the head position of the tank body, so that the high-temperature steam is directly transported to the pillow outer tank body (head) area, which has a good heating effect on the pillow outer tank body; and the setting of multiple manholes corresponding to the ground loading and unloading facilities makes it possible for the railway tank car of the present invention to complete the loading and unloading in a row without repeatedly moving forward and backward, and is a safe match with the existing ground loading and unloading facilities. The setting position of the side ladder can effectively utilize the space at both ends of the tank body and is also convenient for operators to climb from both sides of the tank car. The setting of the heating sleeve, manhole and side ladder solves the problems of insufficient heating efficiency caused by large-volume tank bodies, matching with ground loading and unloading facilities, and limited climbing space for operators.

[0044] 2. The present invention further provides a drainage section in the heating chamber, the inlet end of the drainage section is close to the inlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel, and the outlet end of the drainage section is close to both the bottom heating chamber and the pillow outer heating chamber, so that the high-temperature steam is directly introduced into the pillow outer heating chamber from the inlet of the steam flow channel, effectively shortening the steam travel so that the steam entering the pillow outer heating chamber is still at high temperature.

[0045] 3. The present invention utilizes the curved end of the protrusion of the traction beam to observe the connection between the traction beam and the tank body, and utilizes the curved section and straight-edge extension section on the side wing plate of each traction beam web to achieve smooth transition and straight-edge extension, thereby reducing stress concentration while supporting the tank body. A chamfered transition structure is adopted at the adjacent position of the lower wing plate and the curved section to further reduce stress concentration. By increasing the thickness of the steel and combining a series of stress-reducing structural designs, the strength and rigidity of the traction beam are ultimately improved, thereby meeting the load-bearing capacity requirements of large-volume, large-axle-weight, center-beam-less railway tank cars.

[0046] 4. The present invention strengthens the connection between the web of the bolster beam and the web of the traction beam through the L-shaped reinforcement plate, forming a local three-web structure, increasing the structural strength, making the load-bearing capacity of the traction bolster structure stronger, and does not bring additional risks due to the addition of the L-shaped reinforcement plate. It solves the problem of stress concentration at the connection between the web of the bolster beam and the web of the traction beam, making the entire traction bolster structure safer and more reliable.

[0047] 5. In the present invention, a first unloading notch is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the web of the bolster and the side wing plate, and a second unloading notch is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the two L-shaped reinforcement plates and the side wing plate, and the bottom of the second unloading notch is higher than the bottom of the first unloading notch, so that the L-shaped reinforcement plate bears more tank weight than the web of the bolster, thereby effectively reducing the stress concentration at the connection between the web of the bolster and the side wing plate. The shape of the unloading notch can be adjusted according to specific needs.

[0048] 6. The side plates of the bolster in the present invention are arranged in an eight-shaped shape to better support the tank body; an observation hole is opened on the L-shaped reinforcement plate to ensure that the brake main pipe passes through and facilitate observation during maintenance.

[0049] 7. The breathing safety valve in the present invention does not require disassembly of the valve cover and the valve body. The adjusting rod can be threadedly matched with the valve cover to make the adjusting rod move along its axial direction, driving the top cover to move in the same direction, thereby adjusting the compression amount of the first elastic component; when the internal pressure of the tank body is too large, the discharge valve disc will be lifted to further compress the first elastic component. Therefore, after adjusting the compression amount of the first elastic component by the adjusting rod, the force applied to the discharge valve disc can be changed. When the internal pressure of the tank body is balanced with the external pressure, the discharge valve disc seals the tank body. When the internal pressure of the tank body is negative, the suction valve disc moves downward to connect the inside of the tank body with the outside, thereby adjusting the internal pressure of the tank body.

[0050] 8. In the present invention, the valve cover and the valve body are detachably connected through a connecting shaft. The first boss and the third boss at both ends of the connecting shaft can press the valve cover and the valve body tightly. The part between the second boss and the third boss of the connecting shaft cooperates with the limiting through hole, which can prevent the valve cover and the valve body from rotating relative to each other. When the valve body and the valve cover need to be disassembled, it is only necessary to rotate the valve body or the valve cover where the first mounting hole is located so that the part between the first boss and the second boss of the connecting shaft enters the through hole, and then the connecting shaft can be taken out. The operation is simple and the connection is reliable. It can also avoid the problem of jamming or even blocking of the existing safety valve due to thread damage; the safety valve can be quickly disassembled and assembled, and the production and maintenance efficiency is greatly improved.

[0051] 9. In the present invention, positioning holes are also provided on the valve cover flange and the valve body flange. After the valve cover and the valve body are connected through the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the connecting shaft, positioning pins can be inserted into the positioning holes for further limiting the position to prevent the valve cover and the valve body from rotating relative to each other and separating due to shaking or vibration.

[0052] 10. The tank body of the present invention is tilted from both ends to the middle, which can improve the unloading rate of the medium in the tank body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a large-volume railway tank car with a heating function according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the manhole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top of the tank body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the heating jacket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Bottom view of

[0058] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heating jacket in an embodiment of the present invention (arrows indicate steam flow direction);

[0059] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a sub-heating cavity and its corresponding external pillow heating cavity in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the steam flow direction of a sub-heating chamber and its corresponding external pillow heating chamber in an embodiment of the present invention (arrows indicate steam flow direction);

[0061] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the condensed water flow direction of a sub-heating chamber and its corresponding external pillow heating chamber in an embodiment of the present invention (arrows indicate the condensed water flow direction);

[0062] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a traction pillow structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle traction beam;

[0064] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the web of the middle traction beam;

[0065] Figure 13 In the embodiment of the present invention, the web of the traction beam is Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure from a top-down perspective;

[0066] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bolster web and L-shaped reinforcement plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 15 This is a schematic structural diagram of a breathing safety valve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 16 For the present invention Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the internal structure;

[0069] Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the middle valve cover;

[0070] Figure 18 For the present invention Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the middle valve body;

[0071] Figure 19 For the present invention Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the connecting shaft.

[0072] Among them, 1-car body, 2-tank body, 3-heating jacket, 301-bottom heating shell, 302-side heating shell, 303-annular guide, 304-partition, 305-inlet of S-type steam flow channel, 306-first condensate flow hole, 307-second condensate flow hole, 308-pillow outer heating shell, 309-steam outlet, 310-drainage section, 311-hose, 312-condensate outlet, 313-missing Mouth, 4-manhole, 5-breathing safety valve, 501-valve cover, 502-valve body, 503-adjusting rod, 504-top cover, 505-support edge, 506-discharge valve disc, 507-suction valve disc, 5071-base, 5072-mounting column, 508-first elastic component, 509-elastic component mounting seat, 510-second elastic component, 511-valve cover flange, 512-valve body flange, 513-first mounting hole, 51301-through hole, 51302-limiting through hole, 514-second mounting hole, 515-connecting shaft, 516-first boss, 517-second boss, 518-third boss, 519-positioning hole, 520-circular boss, 521-fastener, 522-limiting boss, 523-positioning pin, 6-side ladder, 7-traction beam, 701-traction beam web, 7011-side wing plate, 70111-protrusion, 701 12-arc section, 70113-straight edge extension section, 7012-lower wing plate, 7013-arc notch, 7014-transition section, 702-upper cover plate, 703-middle plate under the pillow, 8-pillow beam, 801-pillow beam bottom plate, 802-pillow beam web plate, 8021-first unloading notch, 803-pillow beam side plate, 804-L-shaped reinforcement plate, 8041-second unloading notch, 8042-observation hole, 9-inner ladder, 10-walkway. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0074] The present invention is aimed at large-volume general-purpose railway tank cars with a heating function, solving the problems of the inability to effectively heat the outer side of the bolster due to the increased length of the tank car and the incompatibility with ground loading and unloading facilities. It optimizes the heating structure and, at the same time, improves the loading and unloading efficiency of such railway tank cars.

[0075] like Figures 1 to 3 A large-capacity railway tank car with a heating function includes a car body 1 and a tank body 2 mounted on the car body 1 through a traction and bolster structure. The traction and bolster structure includes a traction beam 7 and two bolsters 8 arranged on both sides of the traction beam 7, wherein the traction beam 7 includes two traction beam webs 701 and an upper cover plate 702 and a lower bolster middle plate 703 arranged on the upper and lower sides of the two traction beam webs 701. The basic functions of the traction beam 7 and the two bolsters 8 in the traction and bolster structure are similar to those of the existing traction and bolster structure, but the structure has been greatly optimized. In addition, in order to accommodate large-volume tanks, a plurality of manholes 4 and at least two breathing safety valves 5 are provided on the top of the tank body 2. The positions of the manholes 4 match the ground loading and unloading facilities and the length of the vehicle. The two breathing safety valves 5 are respectively located on both sides of the middle of the tank body 2. In an embodiment of the present invention, three manholes 4 and two breathing safety valves 5 are provided on the top of the tank body 2. The three manholes 4 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the tank body. The manhole 4 in the middle is a loading and unloading hole and an inspection hole. An internal ladder 9 is provided inside that directly passes through the bottom of the tank body 2 to facilitate manual entry into the tank body 2 for inspection and other loading and unloading operations. As a preferred solution, by providing three manholes on the tank body with a spacing of 3.5m between the manholes, the tank car can be loaded and unloaded in a row through a single shunting operation. In actual applications, the number and position of the breathing safety valves 5 can be adjusted and designed according to the actual length of the tank body 2 and the medium contained in the tank body 2 to meet the safety design requirements of the tank body 2.

[0076] A side ladder 6 is provided on the side of the tank body 2 near the head of the car body 1, and the side ladder 6 is provided at one end of the railway tank car. The existing end ladder is provided at the end of the tank body 2, and the operator can only climb from the end provided with the end ladder to the top of the tank body 2 to perform operations; the existing side ladder is provided on both sides of the middle of the tank body 2, and due to the limitation of the boundary, the operator's climbing operation experience is poor. Compared with the end ladder or side ladder structure used in existing railway tank cars, the side ladder provided in the present invention is more suitable for large-volume tank bodies. A corresponding walkway 10 can also be provided on the top of the tank body 2 for the side ladder 6, and the assembly of the side ladder 6 and the walkway 10 can be set as a modular assembly. The walkway 10 can be provided with railings on both sides and a roof walkway at the bottom, and they are connected as a whole by bolts. The railings can also be designed to be M-shaped, and the roof walkway can be made of rectangular steel gratings. The side ladder 6 can be welded by anti-slip footrests, handrails and ball joints, which are of better quality and easier to grasp.

[0077] like Figures 4 to 9The present invention also designs a heating jacket 3 with better heating effect for the large volume tank body 2. The heating jacket 3 is arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the tank body 2. It includes a bottom heating shell 301, two side heating shells 302, and four pillow outer heating shells 308. The bottom heating shell 301 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the tank body 2 to form a bottom heating chamber, that is, Figure 6 In the A region, two side heating shells 302 are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom heating shell 301 and are respectively sealed and connected to the tank body 2, thereby forming two side heating chambers, namely Figure 6 In the B area, each side heating shell 302 is provided with an annular guide member 303 in the middle, and the side heating chamber is divided into two independent sub-heating chambers by the annular guide member 303.

[0078] Each sub-heating chamber is provided with N open-ended partitions 304. The N partitions 304 separate the sub-heating chamber into N+1 sub-heating chambers, each of which is arranged circumferentially. The multiple open ends of the N open-ended partitions 304 and the N+1 sub-heating chamber form an S-shaped steam flow channel connected to the bottom heating chamber. Depending on the height relative to the ground, the N+1 sub-chambers are, from bottom to top, Chamber 1, Chamber 2, ..., Chamber N, and Chamber N+1. The open ends of each two adjacent partitions 304 are located at different positions, i.e., the open end of one of the two adjacent partitions 304 is located at one end, and the open end of the other partition 304 is located at the other end. The inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel is located in Chamber 1 and near the center of the bottom of the tank body 2. A hose 311 for connecting to the external steam main is provided on the inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel. The outlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel is located in Chamber N+1 and near the head of the tank body 2. With this structure, the inlet 305 and the outlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel can be as far away from each other as possible, so that the steam travels the maximum distance in the heating jacket and the medium in the tank body 2 is fully heated.

[0079] Since the tank body 2 of this type of railway tank car is generally a right cone inclined bottom structure, the condensed water will converge to the middle of the tank body 2, so one or more first condensed water circulation holes 306 connected to one or more of the N+1 sub-heating chambers and a second condensed water circulation hole 307 connected to the bottom heating chamber are provided on the annular guide member 303, and a condensed water outlet 312 is provided in the middle of the bottom heating shell 301.

[0080] Four external pillow heating shells 308 are respectively arranged outside each sub-heating cavity and are sealed and connected to the external pillow portion of the tank body 14 to form multiple external pillow heating cavities, namely Figure 6In the C area, each external pillow heating cavity is connected to the corresponding sub-heating cavity. A steam outlet 309 is provided on each external pillow heating shell 308. The steam outlet 309 is arranged close to the head position of the tank body 2. The inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel and the steam outlet 309 are as far away from each other as possible to maximize the steam travel in the heating sleeve. A drainage section 310 is also provided in the sub-heating cavity. The inlet end of the drainage section 310 is close to the inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel. The outlet end of the drainage section 310 is close to the bottom heating cavity and the external pillow heating cavity at the same time. It is located at the lower part of the drainage section 310 near the corner of the external pillow heating cavity, and the hot steam is directly introduced into the external pillow heating cavity from the inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel. The drainage section 310 passes through the web of the tank car's pillow beam, and the steam travel is short, so that the temperature of the steam introduced into the external pillow heating cavity is higher.

[0081] The partition 304 can be made of channel steel, with one edge of the open side of each channel steel being fully welded to the tank body 2 and the other edge being intermittently welded to the tank body 2. Notches 313 are formed at the unwelded parts, allowing steam to flow into the channel steel cavity and increase the heat transfer area. The annular guide member 303 can be made of an annular channel steel. At this time, the second condensate flow hole 307 is located just at the port of the annular channel steel near the bottom of the tank body 2.

[0082] After all the connections of the heating jacket 3 are completed, steam and condensed water must not leak.

[0083] The flow of steam and condensed water in the heating jacket 3 is:

[0084] like Figure 8 As shown, high-temperature, high-pressure steam enters from the inlet 305 of the S-shaped steam flow channel of each sub-heating chamber, a part of which enters the S-shaped steam flow channel and is then discharged from the outlet of the S-shaped steam flow channel of the sub-heating chamber; the other part enters the bottom heating chamber and is discharged from the condensate outlet in the middle of the bottom heating chamber. The steam is evenly distributed in each heating chamber of the heating jacket, as shown in FIG. Figure 9 As shown, the high-temperature steam gradually condenses into condensed water during the heat exchange process. The condensed water in each sub-heating chamber is gathered to the bottom heating chamber through the annular guide member 303, and then discharged from the condensed water outlet in the middle of the bottom heating chamber, realizing the diversion of steam and condensed water.

[0085] In addition, if Figures 10 to 14In order to make the support of the tank body 2 more reliable, the traction beam 7 and the bolster 8 in the traction and pillow structure are improved. Each traction beam web 701 includes a side wing plate 7011 and a lower wing plate 7012 perpendicular to each other. A protrusion 70111 is provided on the side wing plate 7011 at a position corresponding to the head of the tank body 2. An arc section 70112 and a straight-edge extension section 70113 are provided at one end thereof close to the middle section of the tank body 2. The lower wing plate 7012 and the arc section 70112 are connected by a transition section 7014 with a chamfer. The shape of the rear part of the protrusion 70111 is adapted to the shape of the head of the tank body 2. The two traction beam webs 701 are symmetrically arranged. The side wing plates 7011 of the two are parallel to each other, and the lower wing plates 7012 are coplanar. The upper cover plate 702 is arranged between the two side wing plates 7011 in front of the protrusion 70111. The upper end surface of the upper cover plate 702 in the front area of the two protrusions 70111 is an arc-shaped notch 7013. A gap for observation is left between the arc-shaped notch 7013 and the head of the tank body 2. The middle plate 703 under the pillow is arranged below the two lower wing plates 7012. Each traction beam web 701 is sheared and formed by H-shaped steel or T-shaped steel. Its thickness is greater than the thickness of 310 B-shaped steel, that is, greater than 12 mm. The specific thickness can be obtained by structural strength calculation.

[0086] Each bolster 8 comprises a bolster base plate 801, a bolster web 802 perpendicularly disposed on the bolster base plate 801, bolster side plates 803 disposed on the outer edges of the bolster web 802, and two L-shaped reinforcement plates 804. The two bolster side plates 803 are arranged in an "eight" shape, and each L-shaped reinforcement plate 804 can be formed by bending steel plates. The bolster web 802 is perpendicularly connected to the side wing plates 7011 of the traction beam web 701 on the same side, specifically by welding or riveting. The bolster base plate 801 is connected to the lower wing plate 7012 of the traction beam web 701. The two L-shaped reinforcement plates 804 are symmetrically disposed on either side of the bolster web 802, with one edge of the open side of the L-shaped reinforcement plate 804 connected to the bolster web 802 and the other edge connected to the side wing plates 7011, forming a partial three-web structure. A first unloading notch 8021 is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the web plate 802 of the bolster and the side wing plate 7011, and a second unloading notch 8041 is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the two L-shaped reinforcement plates 804 and the side wing plate 7011. The bottom of the second unloading notch 8041 is higher than the bottom of the first unloading notch 8021. An observation hole 8042 can be provided on each L-shaped reinforcement plate 804, which can be specifically provided as a long strip hole.

[0087] The breathing safety valve 5 in the embodiment of the present invention uses a connecting shaft 515 to connect the valve cover 501 and the valve body 502, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of jamming between the valve body 502 and the valve cover 501. The safety valve can be adjusted by the adjusting rod 503, thereby avoiding repeated disassembly between the valve body 502 and the valve cover 501, thereby effectively improving production and maintenance efficiency.

[0088] like Figures 15 to 19The breathing safety valve 5 includes a valve cover 501 and a valve body 502. The valve cover 501 and the valve body 502 are detachably sealed via four connecting shafts 515. An adjusting rod 503 is sleeved and mounted on the valve cover 501. The adjusting rod 503 and the valve cover 501 are threadedly engaged. By rotating the adjusting rod 503, the adjusting rod 503 can be moved up and down along the axis of the adjusting rod 503 relative to the valve cover 501. The upper end of the adjusting rod 503 extends to the outside of the valve cover 501 and is locked by a fastener 521. The fastener 521 can be a nut that is threadedly engaged with the adjusting rod 503. The lower end is connected to a top cover 504. A gap is left between the top cover 504 and the inner wall of the valve cover 501. The adjusting rod 503 allows personnel to adjust the top cover 504 to move up and down through the adjusting rod 503 without disassembling the valve body 502 and the valve cover 501. The valve body 502 is provided with a discharge valve disc 506 and a suction valve disc 507 in sequence. The valve body 502 and the discharge valve disc 506 are slidably matched. The discharge valve disc 506 can slide along the inner wall of the valve body 502. The discharge valve disc 506 and the suction valve disc 507 are slidably matched. The suction valve disc 507 can slide along the inner wall of the discharge valve disc 506. The sliding matching surface between the discharge valve disc 506 and the suction valve disc 507 can be set in a conical surface for easy assembly. The bottom of the valve body 502 is provided with a support edge 505 for carrying the discharge valve disc 506. When the tank body 2 When the internal pressure is stable and does not need to be adjusted, the discharge valve disc 506 is located on the support edge 505 to close the tank body 2, wherein the specific connection method achieved by the connecting shaft 515 is as follows: a valve cover flange 511 and a valve body flange 512 are respectively provided on the valve cover 501 and the valve body 502, and four first mounting holes 513 are provided on the valve cover flange 511 along the circumference, and four second mounting holes 514 are provided on the valve body flange 512 along the circumference. The specific number of the first mounting holes 513 and the second mounting holes 514 can be adjusted according to processing and usage needs. Among them, the first mounting hole 513 includes a through hole 51301 and a limiting through hole 51302 that are interconnected, forming a long hole with a larger size in one end hole and a smaller size in the other end hole, such as a keyhole, a T-shaped hole and other hole types. The second mounting hole 514 is a through hole, and the two ends of the connecting shaft 515 are respectively provided with a first boss 516 and a third boss 518. A second boss 517 is also provided between the first boss 516 and the third boss 518, adjacent to the first boss 516, to form a connecting shaft 515 with a stepped I-shaped structure. The size of the through hole 51301 is larger than the limiting through hole 51302, and is used for the second boss 517 and the third boss 518 to pass through.When the connecting shaft 515 is connected, the third boss 518 and the second boss 517 pass through the second mounting hole 514 and the through hole 51301 in sequence, so that the third boss 518 is in contact with the upper surface of the valve cover 501, and the first boss 16 is in contact with the lower surface of the valve body 502. At this time, the second boss 517 is located in the second mounting hole 514. The valve cover 501 is rotated so that the part of the connecting shaft 515 located between the second boss 517 and the third boss 518 is stuck in the limiting through hole 51302, which plays a locking role. At the same time, the third boss 518 and the first boss 516 clamp the valve cover 501 and the valve body 502. In addition, in order to prevent the valve cover 501 and the valve body 502 from rotating relative to each other and separating due to impact vibration, a positioning hole 519 can be set on the valve cover flange 511 and the valve body flange 512, and a positioning pin 523 can be inserted into the positioning hole 519. A plurality of positioning holes 519 and positioning pins 523 can also be set, and can be selected according to the needs of use. The shapes of the first boss 516, the second boss 517 and the third boss 518 are not limited. When used, they can all be designed to be circular, and the diameters of the second boss 517 and the third boss 518 are the same for easy processing. In practice, it is sufficient to meet the following conditions: (1) the setting size of the third boss 518 satisfies: it can pass through the through hole 51301 and the second mounting hole 514, but cannot pass through the limit through hole 51302; (2) the setting size of the second boss 517 satisfies: it can pass through the second mounting hole 514; (3) the setting size of the first boss 516 satisfies: it cannot pass through the second mounting hole 514.

[0089] A first elastic component 508 is disposed within the valve body 502. The upper end of the first elastic component 508 abuts against the top cover 504, and the lower end abuts against the discharge valve disc 506. When the internal pressure of the tank body 2 is excessive, the discharge valve disc 506 is lifted, and the first elastic component 508 is further compressed. The magnitude of the force applied by the top cover 504 to the first elastic component 508 determines the magnitude of the force that the discharge valve disc 506 must overcome to lift it. This allows adjustment of the required pressure within the tank body 2 for the discharge valve disc 506 to be lifted. To facilitate installation of the first elastic component 508 and to limit its position, a limiting boss 522 is provided on the top of the discharge valve disc 506. The lower end of the first elastic component 508 is sleeved on the limiting boss 522 and abuts against the discharge valve disc 506. In addition, a boss structure may also be provided at the bottom of the top cover 504 , and the end of the first elastic component 508 that abuts against the top cover 504 is sleeved outside the boss structure, which may also play a certain limiting role for the first elastic component.

[0090] The suction valve flap 507 includes a base 5071 and a mounting post 5072 arranged on the top of the base 5071. The base 5071 is sleeved in the discharge valve flap 506 and slides with the discharge valve flap 506. A circular boss 520 is also provided on the limiting boss 522 on the top of the discharge valve flap 506. The mounting post 5072 is sleeved in the circular boss 520 and extends to the outside of the circular boss 520. The mounting post 5072 and the circular boss 520 slide together; an elastic component mounting seat 509 is fixed on the mounting post 5072. One end of the second elastic component 510 is mounted on the elastic component mounting seat 509, and the other end is sleeved outside the circular boss 520 and abuts against the top of the limiting boss 522. When the pressure inside the tank body 2 is negative, the discharge valve flap 506 is restricted by the support along 505 and will not move toward the tank body 2. The suction valve flap 507 will move downward, and the second elastic component 510 will be compressed between the elastic component mounting seat 509 and the limiting boss 522. At this time, the interior of the tank body 2 is connected with the outside, and the internal pressure of the tank body 2 is adjusted until the interior is no longer in a negative pressure state. The suction valve flap 507 gradually moves upward to reset.

[0091] The top outer edge of the valve body 502 and the bottom inner edge of the valve cover 501 can be matched through a conical surface, which makes it easier for the valve cover 501 and the valve body 502 to be concentrically aligned, and the connecting shaft 515 can pass through the through hole 51303 and the second mounting hole 514 more smoothly and conveniently, and can also reduce resistance when the valve body 502 and the valve cover 501 rotate relative to each other.

[0092] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-capacity railway tank car with a heating function, comprising a car body (1) and a tank body (2) mounted on the car body (1) via a traction and pillow structure; the car body (1) is a slanted bottom structure; the traction and pillow structure comprises a traction beam (7) and two pillow beams (8) arranged on both sides of the traction beam (7); the traction beam (7) comprises two traction beam webs (701), and an upper cover plate (702) and a middle plate under the pillow (703) arranged on the upper and lower sides of the two traction beam webs (701); and is characterized in that: A heating jacket (3) is provided on the outer side of the lower portion of the tank body (2), and a plurality of manholes (4) and at least two breathing safety valves (5) are provided on the top. The setting position of the manholes (4) matches the length of the vehicle and the ground loading and unloading facilities. The two breathing safety valves (5) are respectively located on both sides of the middle portion of the tank body (2); a side ladder (6) is provided on the side of the tank body (2) close to the head of the vehicle body (1); The heating jacket comprises a bottom heating shell (301), two side heating shells (302), and a plurality of pillow outer heating shells (308); the bottom heating shell (301) is sealed and connected to the bottom of the tank body (2) to form a bottom heating chamber, and a condensed water outlet (312) is provided in the middle of the bottom heating shell (301); the two side heating shells (302) are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom heating shell (301) in a circumferential direction, and are respectively sealed and connected to the tank body (2) to form two side heating chambers; A circular guide member (303) is provided in the middle of each side heating shell (302), dividing the side heating chamber into two independent sub-heating chambers; each sub-heating chamber is provided with N partitions (304) with one end open, dividing the sub-heating chamber into N+1 sub-heating chambers, wherein N≥1; the open ends of two adjacent partitions (304) are staggered at both ends of the partition (304), and the open ends of each partition (304) and the N+1 sub-heating chambers form an S-shaped steam flow channel connected to the bottom heating chamber; the inlet (305) of the S-shaped steam flow channel in each sub-heating chamber is arranged near the center of the bottom of the tank body (2), and the outlet is arranged near the head of the tank body (2); The annular flow guide (303) is provided with a first condensed water circulation hole (306) communicating with at least one sub-heating chamber, and a second condensed water circulation hole (307) communicating with the bottom heating chamber; The plurality of external pillow heating shells (308) are respectively arranged on the outside of each sub-heating cavity and are sealed and connected to the external pillow portion of the tank body (2) to form an external pillow heating cavity; each external pillow heating cavity is connected to the sub-heating cavity on the corresponding side, and each external pillow heating shell (308) is provided with a steam outlet (309) near the head end of the tank body (2).

2. A large-volume railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage section (310) is further provided on one side of the sub-heating chamber close to the bottom heating chamber, the inlet end of the drainage section (310) is provided close to the inlet (305) of the S-shaped steam flow channel, and the outlet end of the drainage section (310) is close to the pillow outer heating chamber.

3. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The two traction beam webs (701) are arranged parallel to each other, and each traction beam web (701) includes side wing plates (7011) and a lower wing plate (7012) perpendicular to each other, the two side wing plates (7011) are parallel to each other, and the two lower wing plates (7012) are coplanar; The side wing plate (7011) is provided with a protrusion (70111) near the head of the tank body (2); the shape of the side wing plate (7011) located behind the protrusion (70111) is adapted to the outer contour of the head of the tank body (2); and an arc section (70112) and a straight edge extension section (70113) are provided at one end of the side wing plate (70111) near the middle section of the tank body (2); The lower wing plate (7012) and the arc section (70112) are connected via a transition section (7014) provided with a chamfer; The upper cover plate (702) is arranged between the two side wing plates (7011) in front of the protrusion (70111) and is located in the front area of the two protrusions (70111). The upper edge of the upper cover plate (702) is an arc-shaped notch (7013). A gap for observation is formed between the arc-shaped notch (7013) and the head of the tank body (2); The suboccipital middle plate (703) is arranged below the two lower wing plates (7012).

4. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The bolster (8) includes a bolster bottom plate (801), a bolster web (802) vertically arranged on the bolster bottom plate (801), bolster side plates (803) arranged at the outer edges of the bolster web (802), and two L-shaped reinforcement plates (804); The bolster web (802) is vertically connected to the side wing plate (7011) on the same side, and the bolster bottom plate (801) is connected to the lower wing plate (7012) on the same side; The two L-shaped reinforcement plates (804) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bolster web (802), one edge of the L-shaped reinforcement plate (804) is vertically connected to the bolster web (802), and the other edge is connected to the side wing plate (7011).

5. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A first unloading notch (8021) is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the bolster web (802) and the side wing plate (7011); A second unloading notch (8041) is provided at the upper edge of the connection end between the L-shaped reinforcing plate (804) and the side wing plate (7011), and the bottom of the second unloading notch (8041) is higher than the bottom of the first unloading notch (8021).

6. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The two bolster side plates (803) are arranged in an eight-shaped configuration; Each of the L-shaped reinforcement plates (804) is provided with an observation hole (8042).

7. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The breathing safety valve (5) comprises a valve cover (501) and a valve body (502) which are detachably sealed and connected, and the valve body (502) is mounted on the tank body (2); The valve cover (501) is sleeved with an adjusting rod (503), and the adjusting rod (503) and the valve cover (501) are threadedly engaged; the upper end of the adjusting rod (503) extends to the outside of the valve cover (501) and is locked by a fastener (521), and the lower end is connected to the top cover (504), and a gap is left between the top cover (504) and the inner wall of the valve cover (501); The valve body (502) is provided with a discharge valve flap (506) and a suction valve flap (507) in sequence from the outside to the inside; the valve body (502) and the discharge valve flap (506) are in sliding engagement, and the discharge valve flap (506) and the suction valve flap (507) are in sliding engagement; a support edge (505) for supporting the discharge valve flap (506) is provided at the bottom of the valve body (502); A first elastic component (508) is provided in the valve body (502), the upper end of the first elastic component (508) abuts against the top cover (504), and the lower end abuts against the discharge valve disc (506); The upper end of the suction valve disc (507) extends to the upper part of the discharge valve disc (506), and the protruding portion is provided with an elastic component mounting seat (509). A second elastic component (510) is mounted on the elastic component mounting seat (509), and an end of the second elastic component (510) away from the elastic component mounting seat (509) abuts against the discharge valve disc (506).

8. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The valve cover (501) and the valve body (502) are detachably and hermetically connected via a plurality of connecting shafts (515); The valve cover (501) and the valve body (502) are respectively provided with a valve cover flange (511) and a valve body flange (512); The valve cover flange (511) is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes (513) along the circumferential direction, and the valve body flange (512) is provided with the same number of second mounting holes (514) as the first mounting holes (513) along the circumferential direction; The first mounting hole (513) comprises a through hole (51301) and a limiting through hole (51302) that are interconnected; The second mounting hole (514) is a through hole; A first boss (516) and a third boss (518) are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting shaft (515), and a second boss (517) is further provided between the first boss (516) and the third boss (518) and adjacent to the first boss (516); the through hole (51301) is larger in size than the limiting through hole (51302) and is used for the second boss (517) and the third boss (518) to pass through; The portion of the connecting shaft (515) located between the second boss (517) and the third boss (518) is in close contact with the inner wall of the limiting through hole (51302); the second boss (517) is located in the second mounting hole (514); The first boss (516) is pressed against the valve body flange (512), and the third boss (518) is pressed against the valve cover flange (511).

9. A large-capacity railway tank car with heating function as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: At least one positioning hole (519) is provided on each of the valve cover flange (511) and the valve body flange (512), and a positioning pin (523) is provided in each of the positioning holes (519); The outer edge of the top of the valve body (502) and the inner edge of the valve cover (501) are matched with each other through a conical surface.

10. The large-capacity railway tank car with heating function according to claim 9, characterized in that: The plurality of separators (304) are all made of channel steel, one edge of the opening side of each channel steel is fully welded to the tank body (2), and the other edge is intermittently welded to the tank body (2), and a plurality of notches (313) are provided on the edge.

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