A universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and its application method

Abstract

The present invention provides a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader and an application method thereof. The fertilizer spreader includes a mixing bin, a hopper, a spreading pipe, a spreading fan and a bracket; the upper end of the mixing bin is open for fertilizer loading, and the lower part of the mixing bin is provided with a feeding port; the upper end of the hopper is open for receiving fertilizer dropped from the feeding port, and the lower end of the hopper is connected with the spreading pipe; the spreading fan is provided at one end of the spreading pipe, and the other end of the spreading pipe is a spraying port for spraying fertilizer. The application method of the fertilizer spreader is to detect the tractor's travel speed through a tractor throttle sensor, the output shaft speed of the tractor through a power output shaft speed sensor, and the stirring shaft speed sensor through a stirring shaft speed sensor, and the empirical formula obtained through the experiment is programmed and input into a PLC controller, and the PLC controller controls the linear stepping motor to adjust the height of the feeding port and the opening degree of the fertilizer baffle, so as to realize the precise intelligent fertilization of the fertilizer spreader.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer spreaders, and in particular relates to a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, people pay more and more attention to the construction of environmental protection projects. Plant protection is one of the projects of environmental protection projects, and fertilization devices are indispensable equipment for plant protection. It is necessary to ensure the good growth of plants and protect the environment. It is necessary to strengthen the effective utilization rate of fertilizers and optimize fertilization technology.

[0003] The State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China announced an invention about fertilization of plant protection machines, and the authorized public number of the invention is: CN205993095U. It includes a vehicle body, and the vehicle body includes a frame. A spreading silo is provided at the rear of the vehicle body, and a storage silo is provided on the front frame of the spreading silo. The spreading silo is located higher than the storage silo. A conveying auger is provided between the storage silo and the spreading silo, and the lower end of the auger extends into the storage silo, and the upper end extends above the spreading silo. It also includes an automatic material conveying control system. This invention structure cannot autonomously adjust the amount of fertilizer according to actual conditions, which may lead to fertilizer waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and an application method thereof which can autonomously adjust the amount of fertilizer applied according to actual conditions.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader comprises a mixing bin, a hopper, a spreading pipe, a spreading fan and a bracket; the upper end of the mixing bin is open for feeding fertilizer, the lower part of the mixing bin is provided with a feeding port, a stirring shaft is arranged in the mixing bin, a stirring blade is arranged on the stirring shaft, and a stirring motor is connected to the stirring shaft; the upper end of the hopper is open for receiving the fertilizer dropped from the feeding port, and the lower end of the hopper is connected with the spreading pipe; the spreading fan is arranged at one end of the spreading pipe, and the other end of the spreading pipe is a spraying port for spraying fertilizer; the mixing bin, the hopper, the spreading pipe and the spreading fan are all fixedly arranged on the bracket.

[0007] Preferably, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a fan drive mechanism, which includes a first large pulley, a first small pulley, a second large pulley and a second small pulley, the first large pulley is drivingly connected to the power output shaft of the tractor, the first large pulley is drivingly connected to the first small pulley through a first transmission belt, the first small pulley is connected to the second large pulley through a first connecting shaft, the second large pulley is drivingly connected to the second small pulley through a second transmission belt, and the second small pulley is connected to the spreading fan through a second connecting shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the fan driving mechanism further includes a first tension wheel and a second tension wheel, the first tension wheel is pressed tightly against the first transmission belt, the second tension wheel is pressed tightly against the second transmission belt, and the first tension wheel and the second tension wheel are respectively connected to the bracket through torsion springs.

[0009] Preferably, the material spreading pipe is in the shape of a square tube, and the material spreading pipe is provided with at least one spray angle adjustment component at the spray port, and the spray angle adjustment component includes a spray baffle and an angle adjustment arm, one end of the angle adjustment arm is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the material spreading pipe, and the spray baffle is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end of the angle adjustment arm is provided with a screw hole, and an adjustment screw is provided at the screw hole, and a plurality of adjustment holes are provided on the material spreading pipe, and the adjustment screws are inserted into different adjustment holes to change the angle of the spray baffle.

[0010] Preferably, a fertilizer baffle is provided in the stirring bin, the stirring shaft is arranged below the fertilizer baffle, and the fertilizer baffle is connected to a baffle opening and closing control mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer gate includes a first fertilizer gate and a second fertilizer gate, and the gate opening and closing control mechanism includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a first linear stepping motor, the lower end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the middle part of the first fertilizer gate, the lower end of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the lower end of the second fertilizer gate, the upper end of the first connecting rod and the upper end of the second connecting rod are connected to the first linear stepping motor, and the first fertilizer gate and the second fertilizer gate have their two sides rotatably connected to the mixing bin respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a fertilizer spreader lifting mechanism, which includes a support fork, a lifting arm, a connecting rod arm, a driving arm and a pull rod, one end of the pull rod is rotatably connected to the middle of the bracket, and the other end of the pull rod is rotatably connected to the tractor. There are two support forks, which are fixed at the bottom end of the bracket and symmetrically arranged about the fertilizer spreader. Each of the support forks is separately connected to the lifting arm, one end of the lifting arm is rotatably connected to the support fork, the lower end of the connecting rod arm is rotatably connected to the middle of the lifting arm, and the upper end of the connecting rod arm is rotatably connected to the driving arm.

[0013] Preferably, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a base plate, which is mounted on the bottom of the bracket, the front end of the base plate is fixedly connected to the bracket, the front end of the base plate is inclined, and a fixing bar and a fixing plate are provided on the base plate, the fixing bar abuts against the front end surface of the spreading fan, and the fixing plate abuts against the rear end surface of the spreading fan.

[0014] Preferably, a fertilizer baffle plate is provided in the spreading pipe at the outlet of the hopper, and the angle between the fertilizer baffle plate and the vertical plane is 30°-45°.

[0015] Preferably, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a PLC controller, a tractor throttle sensor, a power output shaft speed sensor, and a stirring shaft speed sensor, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the tractor throttle sensor, the power output shaft speed sensor, and the stirring shaft speed sensor, respectively.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application method of a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, detecting the tractor's travel speed through a tractor throttle sensor, detecting the tractor's output shaft speed through a power output shaft speed sensor, and detecting the agitator shaft speed through a stirring shaft speed sensor;

[0018] S2. According to the kilograms of fertilizers applied per mu, the empirical formula obtained through experiments is programmed and input into the PLC controller;

[0019] S3. The tractor travel speed, the tractor output shaft speed, and the stirring shaft speed data are transmitted to the PLC controller. The PLC controller calculates the opening degree of the fertilizer baffle and the height of the feeding port according to an empirical formula. The PLC controller controls the first linear stepper motor to adjust the opening degree of the fertilizer baffle, and controls the second linear stepper motor to adjust the height of the feeding port.

[0020] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] The tractor throttle sensor detects the tractor's travel speed, the power output shaft speed sensor detects the tractor's output shaft speed, and the agitator shaft speed sensor detects the agitator shaft speed. According to the kilograms of fertilizer applied per mu, the empirical formula obtained through the experiment is programmed and input into the PLC controller. The PLC controller controls the linear stepper motor to adjust the height of the drop port and the opening degree of the fertilizer door to achieve precise and intelligent fertilization of the fertilizer spreader. The fertilizer application rate of this fertilizer spreader can range from 1 kg / mu to 1000 kg / mu. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mixing bin;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the lifting mechanism of the fertilizer spreader;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the connection structure diagram of PLC controller;

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 2-stirring bin; 21-feeding port; 3-hopper; 4-spreading pipe; 41-spraying port; 42-fertilizer baffle; 43-spraying angle adjustment assembly; 431-spraying baffle; 432-angle adjustment arm; 9-stirring shaft; 11-bin door; 12-second linear stepper motor; 13-spreading fan; 16-PLC controller; 17-tractor throttle sensor; 18-power output shaft speed sensor; 19-stirring shaft speed sensor; 20-fertilizer baffle; 201-first fertilizer baffle; 202-second fertilizer baffle; 211-first continuous rod; 212-second connecting rod; 22-first linear stepper motor; 23-first large pulley; 24-first small pulley; 25-second large pulley; 26-second small pulley; 27-first tensioning wheel; 28-second tensioning wheel; 29-first transmission belt; 30-first connecting shaft; 31-second transmission belt; 32-second connecting shaft; 33-support fork; 34-lifting arm; 35-connecting rod arm; 36-driving arm; 37-pull rod; 38-bottom plate; 381-fixing bar; 382-fixing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader includes a mixing bin 2, a hopper 3, a spreading pipe 4, a spreading fan 13 and a bracket. The mixing bin 2, the hopper 3, the spreading pipe 4 and the spreading fan 13 are all fixedly arranged on the bracket (the bracket is not shown in the figure).

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper end of the mixing bin 2 is open for fertilizer loading, and a feeding port 21 is provided at the lower part of the mixing bin 2. A bin door 11 is provided at the feeding port 21, and the bin door 11 is slidably connected to the mixing bin 2, and the bin door 11 is connected to the mixing bin 2 through a second linear stepping motor 12. The bin door 11 can be controlled to slide by the second linear stepping motor 12, thereby adjusting the opening size of the feeding port 21, thereby controlling the feeding speed.

[0032] A stirring shaft 9 is arranged in the stirring bin 2, and a stirring blade is arranged on the stirring shaft 9, and a stirring motor is connected to the stirring shaft 9. The stirring blade is spiral, and the spiral stirring blade pushes the fertilizer toward the drop port 21.

[0033] A fertilizer blocking door 20 is provided in the mixing bin 2, and the mixing shaft 9 is arranged below the fertilizer blocking door 20. The fertilizer blocking door 20 is connected to a blocking door opening and closing control mechanism. In this embodiment, the fertilizer blocking door includes a first fertilizer blocking door 201 and a second fertilizer blocking door 202, and the blocking door opening and closing control mechanism includes a first connecting rod 211, a second connecting rod 212 and a first linear stepping motor 22. The lower end of the first connecting rod 211 is rotatably connected to the middle of the first fertilizer blocking door 201, and the lower end of the second connecting rod 212 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the second fertilizer blocking door 202. The upper end of the first connecting rod 211 and the upper end of the second connecting rod 212 are connected to the first linear stepping motor 22. Both sides of the first fertilizer blocking door 201 and the second fertilizer blocking door 202 are rotatably connected to the mixing bin 2 respectively. The first linear stepper motor 22 pulls the first connecting rod 211 and the second connecting rod 212, and the first connecting rod 211 and the second connecting rod 212 drive the first fertilizer blocking door 201 and the second fertilizer blocking door 202 to open. The purpose of setting the fertilizer blocking door is to prevent the fertilizer from being pressed into the warehouse and to prevent the fertilizer from blocking the stirring shaft 9, making it difficult to start the stirring shaft 9; secondly, the opening angle of the fertilizer blocking door can be controlled by the blocking door opening and closing control mechanism, thereby controlling the amount and speed of the fertilizer falling into the stirring shaft 9.

[0034] The upper end of the hopper 3 is open for receiving the fertilizer dropped from the drop port 21, and the lower end of the hopper 3 is connected to the spreading pipe 4. The spreading fan 13 is provided at one end of the spreading pipe 4, and the other end of the spreading pipe 4 is a spray port 41 for spraying fertilizer. The fertilizer dropped from the drop port 21 passes through the hopper and enters the spreading pipe 4, and the wind blown by the spreading fan 13 drives the fertilizer to be sprayed out from the spray port 41. The spraying direction of the spreading pipe 4 can be toward the left and right sides of the fertilizer spreader or the rear side of the fertilizer spreader; one or more spreading pipes 4 can be provided, and multiple spreading pipes 4 can spray fertilizer in multiple directions, thereby improving the fertilization efficiency of the fertilizer spreader.

[0035] The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a fan drive mechanism. The fan drive mechanism includes a first large pulley 23, a first small pulley 24, a second large pulley 25, a second small pulley 26, a first tensioning wheel 27, and a second tensioning wheel 28. The first large pulley 23 is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor by transmission, the first large pulley 23 and the first small pulley 24 are connected by a first transmission belt 29, the first small pulley 24 and the second large pulley 25 are connected by a first connecting shaft 30, the second large pulley 25 and the second small pulley 26 are connected by a second transmission belt 31, and the second small pulley 26 is connected to the spreading fan 13 by a second connecting shaft 32. The first tensioning wheel 27 is pressed tightly on the first transmission belt 29, the second tensioning wheel 28 is pressed tightly on the second transmission belt 31, and the first tensioning wheel 27 and the second tensioning wheel 28 are respectively connected to the bracket by torsion springs. When the tractor drives the fertilizer spreader to apply fertilizer, the first transmission belt 29 and the second transmission belt 31 are easy to loosen due to the bumpy road surface. The first transmission belt 29 and the second transmission belt 31 are compressed by the first tensioning wheel 27 and the second tensioning wheel 28, so that the fan drive mechanism transmits smoothly, which is suitable for outdoor fertilization environments with changeable road conditions.

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a fertilizer spreader lifting mechanism. The fertilizer spreader lifting mechanism includes a support fork 33, a lifting arm 34, a connecting rod arm 35, a driving arm 36 and a pull rod 37. One end of the pull rod 37 is rotatably connected to the middle of the bracket, and the other end of the pull rod 37 is rotatably connected to the tractor. There are two support forks 33, and the two support forks 33 are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the bracket and symmetrically arranged about the fertilizer spreader. Each support fork 33 is separately connected to the lifting arm 34, one end of the lifting arm 34 is rotatably connected to the support fork 33, the lower end of the connecting rod arm 35 is rotatably connected to the middle part of the lifting arm 34, and the upper end of the connecting rod arm 35 is rotatably connected to the driving arm 36. When the driving arms 36 on both sides of the tractor are raised / lowered, the connecting rod arm 35 is driven to rise / fall, and then the lifting arm 34 is driven to rise / fall, and the bracket fixedly connected to the support fork 33 is then raised / fallen, thereby controlling the lifting and lowering of the fertilizer spreader. The pull rod 37 plays a role in triangular stabilization.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, a fertilizer baffle 42 is provided at an angle at the outlet of the hopper in the spreading pipe 4, and the angle between the fertilizer baffle 42 and the vertical plane is 30°-45°. The functions of the fertilizer baffle 42 are: first, it guides the fertilizer falling from the silo 3 into the spreading pipe 4; second, the fertilizer baffle 42 reduces the channel area at the lower end of the fertilizer baffle 42 in the spreading pipe 4. Since the channel area and pressure are small, the fertilizer can be prevented from entering the spreading fan 13.

[0038] The spreading pipe 4 is in the shape of a square tube. The fertilizer is sprayed out from the square pipe mouth and is sprayed evenly. The spray port 41 of the spreading pipe 4 is tilted upward, and the tilt angle is obtained according to the spraying speed, so that the fertilizer is sprayed in a parabola, so that the spraying distance of the fertilizer is farther. The spreading pipe 4 is provided with at least one spray angle adjustment component 43 at the spray port 41, and the spray angle adjustment component 43 includes a spray baffle 431 and an angle adjustment arm 432. In this embodiment, the spreading pipe 4 is provided with a spray angle adjustment component 43 on both sides of the spray port 41. By changing the angle of the spray baffle 431, the fertilizer is sprayed in a fan-shaped surface, and by changing the angle of the spray baffle 431, the angle of the fan-shaped surface can also be changed, thereby controlling the fertilization area and fertilization density. One end of the angle adjustment arm 432 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the material spreading pipe 4. The spray baffle 431 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The other end of the angle adjustment arm 432 is provided with a screw hole, and an adjustment screw is provided at the screw hole. The material spreading pipe 4 is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes, and the adjustment screw is inserted into different adjustment holes to change the angle of the spray baffle 431.

[0039] The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a bottom plate 38, which is mounted at the bottom of the bracket. The front end of the bottom plate 38 is fixedly connected to the bracket, and the front end of the bottom plate 38 is tilted. A fixing bar 381 and a fixing plate 382 are provided on the bottom plate 38. The fixing bar 381 abuts against the front end surface of the spreading fan 13, and the fixing plate 382 abuts against the rear end surface of the spreading fan 13. When the fertilizer spreader is lifted, due to the gravity of the bottom plate 38, the rear end of the bottom plate 38 falls, causing the bottom plate 38 to tilt, which plays a protective role for the spreading pipe 4 and the spreading fan 13 above the bottom plate 38; when the fertilizer spreader descends to the bottom plate 38 and contacts the ground, the fixing bar 381 and the fixing plate 382 abut against the front end surface and the rear end surface of the spreading fan 13 respectively to prevent the spreading fan 13 from shaking.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a PLC controller 16, a tractor throttle sensor 17, a power output shaft speed sensor 18, and a stirring shaft speed sensor 19. The PLC controller 16 is electrically connected to the tractor throttle sensor 17, the power output shaft speed sensor 18, and the stirring shaft speed sensor 19, respectively, and the PLC controller 16 is connected to the first linear stepper motor 22 and the second linear stepper motor 12.

[0041] The present invention also provides an application method of a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1, detecting the tractor's travel speed through the tractor throttle sensor 17, detecting the tractor's output shaft speed through the power output shaft speed sensor 18, and detecting the stirring shaft speed through the stirring shaft speed sensor 19;

[0043] S2, according to the kilograms of fertilizers applied per mu, the empirical formula obtained through experiments is programmed and input into the PLC controller 16;

[0044] S3. The tractor travel speed, the tractor output shaft speed, and the stirring shaft speed data are transmitted to the PLC controller 16. The PLC controller 16 calculates the opening degree of the fertilizer baffle 20 and the height of the drop opening 21 according to an empirical formula. The PLC controller 16 controls the first linear stepper motor 22 to adjust the opening degree of the fertilizer baffle 20, and controls the second linear stepper motor 12 to adjust the height of the drop opening 21.

[0045] The tractor travel speed is 5-30 km / h, preferably 10-20 km / h, and optimally 12-15 km / h; the output shaft speed of the tractor is 200-800 rpm, preferably 400-700 rpm, and optimally 500-700 rpm; the stirring shaft speed is 10-100 rpm, preferably 15-60 rpm, and optimally 25-30 rpm; the drop opening height is 1-10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm, and optimally 2-4 cm.

[0046] The tractor's travel speed determines the fertilizer density along the tractor's travel direction; the tractor's output shaft speed determines the speed of the spreading fan 13, and thus determines the fertilizer distance perpendicular to the tractor's travel direction; the stirring shaft speed determines the fertilizer drop speed from the drop port 21. The above data affect the optimal height of the drop port 21, thereby accurately controlling the amount of fertilizer.

[0047] The fertilizer is sprayed out of the spreading port 41 of the spreading fan 13 at a distance of 20-30 meters. The distance of the fertilizer spraying varies according to the density of the fertilizer: when the fertilizer density exceeds 2g / cm3, the fertilizer spraying distance exceeds 30 meters; when the fertilizer density is 1-2g / cm3, the fertilizer spraying distance can reach 20 meters; when the fertilizer density is less than 1g / cm3, the fertilizer spraying distance is 10-15 meters.

[0048] The tractor throttle sensor 17 detects the tractor's travel speed, the power output shaft speed sensor 18 detects the tractor's output shaft speed, and the agitator shaft speed sensor 19 detects the agitator shaft speed. According to the kilograms of fertilizer applied per mu, the empirical formula obtained through experiments is programmed and input into the PLC controller 16, and the PLC controller 16 controls the linear stepping motor 12 to adjust the height of the drop port 21, so as to realize the precise and intelligent fertilization of the fertilizer spreader. The fertilizer application amount of this precision universal fertilizer spreader can range from 1 kg / mu to 1000 kg / mu.

[0049] In addition to the above preferred embodiments, the present invention has other implementation modes. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications based on the present invention. As long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator, characterized in that The intelligent precision fertilizer spreader comprises a mixing bin (2), a hopper (3), a spreading pipe (4), a spreading fan (13) and a bracket; the upper end of the mixing bin (2) is open for feeding fertilizer, the lower part of the mixing bin (2) is provided with a feeding port (21), a stirring shaft (9) is arranged in the mixing bin (2), the stirring shaft (9) is provided with stirring blades, and the stirring shaft (9) is connected to a stirring motor; the upper end of the hopper (3) is open for receiving fertilizer dropped from the feeding port (21), and the lower end of the hopper (3) is connected to the spreading pipe (4); the spreading fan (13) is arranged at one end of the spreading pipe (4), and the other end of the spreading pipe (4) is a spraying port (41) for spraying fertilizer; the mixing bin (2), the hopper (3), the spreading pipe (4) and the spreading fan (13) are all fixedly arranged on the bracket; The material spreading pipe (4) is in the shape of a square tube. The material spreading pipe (4) is provided with at least one material spraying angle adjustment component (43) at the material spraying port (41). The material spraying angle adjustment component (43) comprises a material spraying baffle (431) and an angle adjustment arm (432). One end of the angle adjustment arm (432) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the material spreading pipe (4). The material spraying baffle (431) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The other end of the angle adjustment arm (432) is provided with a screw hole. An adjustment screw is provided at the screw hole. The material spreading pipe (4) is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes. The adjustment screw is inserted into different adjustment holes to change the angle of the material spraying baffle (431). The material spreading pipe (4) is provided with an inclined fertilizer baffle (42) at the material discharge port of the hopper (3). The angle between the fertilizer baffle (42) and the vertical plane is 30°-45°. A fertilizer blocking door (20) is provided in the mixing bin, the mixing shaft (9) is arranged below the fertilizer blocking door (20), the fertilizer blocking door (20) is connected to a blocking door opening and closing control mechanism, the fertilizer blocking door (20) comprises a first fertilizer blocking door (201) and a second fertilizer blocking door (202), the blocking door opening and closing control mechanism comprises a first connecting rod (211), a second connecting rod (212) and a first linear stepping motor (22), the lower end of the first connecting rod (211) is rotatably connected to the middle part of the first fertilizer blocking door (201), the lower end of the second connecting rod (212) is rotatably connected to the middle part of the second fertilizer blocking door (202), the upper end of the first connecting rod (211) and the upper end of the second connecting rod (212) are connected to the first linear stepping motor (22), and the first fertilizer blocking door (201) and the second fertilizer blocking door (202) are rotatably connected to the mixing bin (2) on both sides; The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader further comprises a PLC controller (16), a tractor throttle sensor (17), a power output shaft speed sensor (18), and a stirring shaft speed sensor (19); the PLC controller (16) is electrically connected to the tractor throttle sensor (17), the power output shaft speed sensor (18), and the stirring shaft speed sensor (19), respectively; A bin door (11) is provided at the material drop opening, the bin door (11) is slidably connected to the material stirring bin (2), the bin door (11) and the material stirring bin (2) are connected via a second linear stepping motor (12), and the PLC controller (16) is connected to the first linear stepping motor (22) and the second linear stepping motor (12); The application method using the fertilizer spreader comprises the following steps: S1, detecting the tractor's travel speed by means of a tractor throttle sensor (17), detecting the tractor's output shaft speed by means of a power output shaft speed sensor (18), and detecting the agitator shaft speed by means of agitator shaft speed sensor (19); S2, according to the kilograms of fertilizers applied per mu, the empirical formula obtained through experiments is programmed and input into the PLC controller (16); S3, transmitting the data of the tractor's travel speed, the tractor's output shaft speed, and the stirring shaft speed to the PLC controller (16); the PLC controller (16) calculates the opening degree of the fertilizer retaining door (20) and the height of the bin door (11) according to an empirical formula; the PLC controller (16) controls the first linear stepping motor (22) to adjust the opening degree of the fertilizer retaining door (20); and the PLC controller (16) controls the second linear stepping motor (12) to adjust the height of the bin door (11).

2. The method for applying a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader further comprises a fan drive mechanism, the fan drive mechanism comprising a first large pulley (23), a first small pulley (24), a second large pulley (25) and a second small pulley (26), the first large pulley (23) being transmission-connected to a power output shaft of the tractor, the first large pulley (23) being transmission-connected to the first small pulley (24) via a first transmission belt (29), the first small pulley (24) being connected to the second large pulley (25) via a first connecting shaft (30), and the second large pulley (26) being transmission-connected to the first small pulley (24) via a first connecting shaft (30). 5) is connected to the second small pulley (26) through a second transmission belt (31), the second small pulley (26) is connected to the spreading fan (13) through a second connecting shaft (32), the fan driving mechanism also includes a first tensioning wheel (27) and a second tensioning wheel (28), the first tensioning wheel (27) is pressed tightly against the first transmission belt (29), the second tensioning wheel (28) is pressed tightly against the second transmission belt (31), and the first tensioning wheel (27) and the second tensioning wheel (28) are respectively connected to the bracket through torsion springs.

3. The application method of a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader also includes a fertilizer spreader lifting mechanism, which includes a support fork (33), a lifting arm (34), a connecting rod arm (35), a driving arm (36) and a pull rod (37), one end of the pull rod (37) being rotatably connected to the middle of the support, and the other end of the pull rod (37) being rotatably connected to the tractor, two support forks (33) being fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the support and symmetrically arranged with respect to the fertilizer spreader, each support fork (33) being separately connected to the lifting arm (34), one end of the lifting arm (34) being rotatably connected to the support fork (33), the lower end of the connecting rod arm (35) being rotatably connected to the middle of the lifting arm (34), and the upper end of the connecting rod arm (35) being rotatably connected to the driving arm (36).

4. The application method of a universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal tractor-mounted intelligent precision fertilizer spreader further comprises a bottom plate (38), the bottom plate (38) being mounted on the bottom of the bracket, the front end of the bottom plate (38) being fixedly connected to the bracket, the front end of the bottom plate (38) being arranged at an angle, a fixing strip (381) and a fixing plate (382) being provided on the bottom plate (38), the fixing strip (381) being in contact with the front end surface of the spreading fan (13), and the fixing plate (382) being in contact with the rear end surface of the spreading fan (13).

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