A process for exploiting deep-sea combustible ice using a pressure reduction method

Abstract

This invention relates to an apparatus and process for extracting deep-sea combustible ice using a decompression method, belonging to the field of marine oil and gas resource extraction technology. Its key technical points are: it consists of an extraction platform, wellhead equipment, casing string, production string, downhole desanding system, monitoring system, underwater delivery pipeline, and umbilical cable; employing three-stage sand prevention and two-stage desanding measures, it can effectively prevent and remove sand to ensure stable extraction of combustible ice. Two gas-liquid separators are installed on the production string, namely a string cyclone gas-liquid separator and a packed gas-liquid separator, thereby achieving efficient gas-liquid separation within the well and ensuring more thorough gas-liquid separation. An electric submersible pump is placed below the extraction layer to ensure rapid gas entry into the production string, providing a reliable guarantee for pump intake water and avoiding pump cavitation and idling. The heat generated by the electric submersible pump motor is used to heat the production water to prevent hydrate formation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a method for mining deep-sea combustible ice, belonging to the field of marine oil and gas resource extraction technology. Background Technology

[0002] As an unconventional energy source, methane hydrate differs significantly from conventional energy sources in terms of extraction phase and energy utilization. Oil and natural gas, once extracted, utilize their inherent energy without undergoing phase changes. Methane hydrate, however, is a solid crystalline substance that decomposes into natural gas and water during extraction, resulting in a phase transition. Its energy utilization is solely in the form of natural gas.

[0003] Deep-sea combustible ice deposits are generally located at water depths of 500–1000 meters and 200–500 meters below the mud surface. According to relevant data, combustible ice is mainly concentrated in mud and sand reservoirs, where sand is easily produced, which can easily cause blockages in production equipment and processes, placing high demands on the processing capacity of surface metering equipment.

[0004] There are various methods for extracting deep-sea combustible ice, such as depressurization, heating, inhibitor extraction, and displacement. Depressurization, with its advantages of simple equipment, low cost, and convenient operation, is currently the most promising extraction method. It involves using submersible pumps to pump liquid into the well, reducing formation pressure and causing the natural gas hydrate to decompose. The decomposed gas and water are then pumped up the wellbore to the surface extraction platform, thus enabling continuous natural gas production.

[0005] Methane hydrate depressurization extraction is a method of controlling reservoir pressure and thus hydrate decomposition by adjusting the natural gas extraction rate. Current methods involve using submersible pumps to drain water from the well, reducing well pressure and promoting hydrate decomposition. However, sand production is inevitable during depressurization. Some of the formation sand flowing into the wellbore is carried to the platform wellhead by the fluid, while some deposits within the wellbore. In actual offshore natural gas hydrate trial production, destructive large-scale sand production has occurred, leading to rapid wellbore sand burial. A high depressurization rate will inevitably exacerbate formation sand production and cause other engineering problems. Furthermore, the long-term transport of a water-sand mixture by the submersible pump causes severe wear on the pump impeller and seals, leading to unpredictable malfunctions over long-term operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a pressure-reducing mining process suitable for deep-sea combustible ice mining environments and effectively preventing problems such as sediment accumulation, blockage, and equipment wear during the mining process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is: a process for mining deep-sea combustible ice using the decompression method, comprising a mining platform, wellhead equipment, casing string, mining tubing string, downhole sand removal system, monitoring system, underwater transport pipeline and umbilical cable;

[0008] The process steps are as follows:

[0009] 1. Well Completion Plan: Drill to the lower part of the target combustible ice mining layer, reserving space for the installation of the above-mentioned electric submersible pump set and downhole sand removal system; in order to ensure the permeability of the mining layer, larger sand and gravel will be filtered to prevent them from entering the mining wellbore and causing instability in the mining layer structure. The space between the combustible ice mining layer and the mining casing will be filled with gravel, and a primary sand filter screen will be installed in the casing of the combustible ice mining layer section. After the gravel filling is completed, the casing string will be cemented and an artificial bottom hole will be installed.

[0010] 2. Run the bottom hole pressure sensor, jet desanding pump and pipeline into the casing string, and place the bottom hole pressure sensor and jet desanding pump at the bottom of the production well;

[0011] 3. Run the production tubing string according to the actual working conditions of the production well, and design and install the hydrocyclone desander, electric submersible pump set, secondary sand control net, gas-liquid separator set, natural gas transmission pipeline and production water transmission subsea pipeline.

[0012] 4. Install packers and wellhead equipment; install underwater delivery pipelines and umbilical cables, and connect them to the mining platform;

[0013] 5. After all facilities are installed, start the electric submersible pump to drain and depressurize. Monitor the pressure and temperature inside the well using pressure and temperature sensors, and monitor the liquid level using a level sensor. Control the pump discharge and natural gas production to control the well pressure, ensuring the pressure conditions of the combustible ice hydrate in the gas phase of the phase equilibrium curve. This promotes the decomposition of combustible ice. The resulting natural gas and water pass through a gravel-filled layer, a primary filter screen, and a secondary sand-proof screen before entering the production tubing well. The natural gas flows upward through a gas-liquid separator to remove water, and then is discharged to the platform's natural gas treatment module via a natural gas delivery pipe and wellhead device. The production water passes through a hydrocyclone desander to remove sediment, and then is discharged to the production water treatment module on the production platform via the electric submersible pump, production water delivery pipeline, and wellhead device. The accumulated sand in the well is fed by a jet desander pump powered by a desander power water module on the production platform. The sand at the bottom of the well is agitated by the jet desander pump and subjected to negative pressure, and then discharged through a sediment discharge pipe to the sediment treatment module on the production platform for treatment.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, this utility model has the following advantages and effects:

[0015] 1. A three-stage sand control and two-stage sand removal system effectively prevents and removes sand, ensuring stable production of combustible ice. The three-stage sand control system consists of a gravel filling layer, a primary filter screen, and a secondary sand control screen; the two-stage sand removal system comprises a cyclone desander before the ESP and a jet desander pump. The gravel filling layer and primary filter screen effectively prevent the flow of large sand and gravel in the mining layer while maintaining its porosity, facilitating the flow of water and natural gas, thus achieving stable production of combustible ice. The cyclone desander before the ESP effectively removes silt from the production water, reducing wear and blockage of the ESP and production water pipelines, thereby extending the service life of the mining equipment. The jet desander pump removes sediment deposited at the bottom of the well, avoiding well burial caused by sediment accumulation during long-term operation and reducing subsequent well workover. Furthermore, the jet desander pump features a simple structure, no moving parts, and requires no maintenance.

[0016] 2. Due to the installation of a tubular cyclone gas-liquid separator and a packed gas-liquid separator, a two-stage gas-liquid separation is achieved within the well. The gas-liquid mixture enters from the bottom of the tubular cyclone gas-liquid separator. Under the action of the spiral grooves and cyclone guide plates within the separator, the gas rotates upward at high speed. Centrifugal force and gravity cause the liquid to flow towards the production tubing wall and flow down to the bottom, thus achieving simple and efficient gas-liquid separation. To further ensure the gas-liquid separation effect, a packed gas-liquid separator is added at the upper end of the tubular cyclone gas-liquid separator. Utilizing the inertia of the liquid and the aggregation property of the packing material, the gas-liquid mixture is separated again, ensuring a more thorough gas-liquid separation.

[0017] 3. By arranging the electric submersible pump unit below the mining layer, it is possible to effectively ensure that the pump unit is below the water surface, leaving sufficient separation space for the gas-liquid separation chamber and ensuring that gas quickly enters the production tubing. It also provides a reliable guarantee for water intake by the pump, avoiding pump cavitation and dry running.

[0018] 4. In addition, the heat generated by the electric submersible pump motor can be used to heat the production water in the wellbore, thus preventing the formation of hydrates. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0021] The aforementioned process for extracting deep-sea combustible ice using the decompression method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a mining platform 1, wellhead equipment 2, casing string 3, mining string 4, downhole sand removal system 5, monitoring system 6, underwater delivery pipeline and umbilical cable 25; its characteristic is:

[0022] The mining platform 1 is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the natural gas processing module 11, production water processing module 12, sediment processing module 14, and desanding power water module 15 on the mining platform 1, located on the sea surface, are connected to the wellhead device 2 located on the seabed via underwater pipelines. The lower part of the wellhead device 2 is installed on the upper end of the casing string 3 of the mining well and is connected to the mining string 4 and the downhole desanding system 5 inside the casing string, thereby transporting the natural gas, production water, and sediment extracted from the well to the corresponding modules on the mining platform 1 for processing. At the same time, the monitoring module 13 on the mining platform 1 is connected to the pressure and temperature sensor 61, liquid level sensor 62, and bottom hole pressure sensor 63 in the well via umbilical cable 25 to monitor the liquid level, temperature, pressure conditions, and working status in the well during the mining process.

[0023] The wellhead device 2, as described Figure 1 As shown, it is used for connection to the underwater transport pipeline and umbilical cable 25 on the seabed, and its lower end is connected to the casing string 3, the production string 4, and the downhole desanding system 5 in the production well. The wellhead device 2 enables control and adjustment of the equipment in the well.

[0024] The casing string 3, as Figure 1 As shown, a design is adopted that penetrates the production layer 103 and terminates within the overburden layer 104. It consists of a surface casing 31, a production casing 32, and a primary filter screen 33. The upper end of the casing string 3 is connected to the lower end of the wellhead device 2, penetrating the overburden layer 102 and the production layer 103. The end of the production casing 32 is located within the overburden layer 104 below the production layer. A sieve structure and a primary filter screen 33, made of steel wire mesh, are used at the production layer to filter larger particles of mud and sand. The production tubing string 4 and the downhole sand removal system 5 are arranged within the internal space enclosed by the casing string 3. The casing string 3 serves to isolate various formations, stabilize the wellbore, establish internal wellbore space, filter mud and sand, and install the wellhead device.

[0025] The mining string 4, as shown Figure 1As shown, the production tubing string employs a perforated structure with a sand-proof mesh at the methane hydrate layer opening location, while the electric submersible pump unit 45 is positioned below the production layer. The production tubing string 4 consists of a production water delivery subsea pipeline 41, a natural gas delivery pipeline 42, a gas-liquid separator assembly 43, a secondary sand-proof mesh 44, the electric submersible pump unit 45, and a hydrocyclone desander 46. The hydrocyclone desander 46 is positioned at the bottom of the production tubing string, with its upper end connected to the suction inlet of the electric submersible pump unit 45. The discharge pipeline of the electric submersible pump unit is the production water delivery subsea pipeline 41, with its upper end connected to the wellhead equipment. Above the electric submersible pump unit 45, at the production layer 103, the production tubing string employs a perforated structure and is equipped with a multi-layered steel wire secondary sand-proof mesh 44 to further isolate sediment. Water and natural gas enter the production tubing 4, but can smoothly pass through the secondary sand-proof netting into the annular space formed by the production tubing 4 and the production water delivery subsea pipeline 41. Natural gas flows upwards and passes through the gas-liquid separator group 43 installed on the production tubing, separating the water carried by the natural gas. The separated natural gas continues upwards along the annular space formed between the production tubing 4 and the production water delivery subsea pipeline 41, serving as a natural gas delivery pipe 42 and connecting to the wellhead device 2, thus achieving separation of natural gas and water within the well. The cyclone desander 46 has a conical structure, with a liquid outlet at the upper end connected to the suction inlet of the electric submersible pump group, and a sand discharge outlet at the lower end, discharging the separated sediment to the outside of the production tubing. The upper pipe wall is equipped with a tangential inlet... The well fluid, with spiral grooves on the inner wall of the pipe, allows sand-laden well fluid to enter the desander tangentially under the suction of the electric submersible pump. The spiral grooves cause the liquid to rotate, generating centrifugal force, which forces the denser sediment to be discharged from the bottom outlet along the pipe wall. The purified well fluid then flows upwards into the electric submersible pump assembly 45. The electric submersible pump assembly 45 is a crucial piece of equipment in the production tubing. Depressurization of combustible ice is achieved by draining water from the electric submersible pump assembly, thereby decomposing the combustible ice and forming natural gas and water, achieving the extraction objective. The electric submersible pump assembly 45 consists of three parts, from bottom to top: the electric submersible pump motor 453, the electric submersible pump inlet and casing 452, and the electric submersible pump body 451. The electric submersible pump motor 453... The annular space between 53 and the inlet of the electric submersible pump and the casing 452 is the suction channel of the electric submersible pump, which can cool the electric submersible pump motor; the gas-liquid separator group 43 is set up to realize gas-liquid separation in the well. The gas-liquid separator group 43 consists of two parts: the lower part is the tubing cyclone gas-liquid separator 432, and the upper part is the packing gas-liquid separator 431; the tubing cyclone gas-liquid separator 432 is set on the inner wall of the production tubing. The gas channel inside the separator is equipped with a cyclone guide plate. During the process of the gas-liquid mixture being discharged from bottom to top, under the action of the cyclone guide plate, the gas-liquid mixture rotates. Under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, the liquid carried by the natural gas is driven towards the pipe wall and flows down the pipe wall into the bottom liquid part;After being separated by the tubular cyclone gas-liquid separator 432, the natural gas enters the upper packing gas-liquid separator 431, where the liquid carried by the natural gas is separated again by the packing filter, improving the gas-liquid separation efficiency, thereby making the gas-liquid separation more thorough, reducing the amount of liquid carried by the natural gas, and ensuring the reliability of natural gas transportation.

[0026] The downhole sand removal system 5, as described Figure 1 As shown, an independent bottom sand removal system is designed, using a jet pump to discharge the bottom sand. It has no moving mechanical parts or electricity, resulting in a simple and highly reliable structure that effectively controls bottom sand accumulation. It consists of a sand removal power water pipe 51, a sand discharge pipe 52, and a jet sand removal pump 53. The connection is as follows: the jet sand removal pump 53 is located at the bottom of the wellbore and connected to the wellhead device via the sand removal power water pipe 51 and the sand discharge pipe 52, which are located inside the casing string. The sand removal power water module 15 on the production platform 1 provides high-pressure jet power water to the jet sand removal pump 53 through the sand removal power water pipe 24 and the sand removal power water pipe 51. The disturbance of the power water and the suction action of the jet sand removal pump 53 discharge the bottom sand through the sand discharge pipe 52 and the underwater sand transport pipe 23 to the sand treatment module 14 on the production platform for separation.

[0027] The monitoring system 6 is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a bottom-hole pressure sensor 63 located at the bottom of the production well, a liquid level sensor 62 located in the production layer, a pressure and temperature sensor 61 located on the upper part of the production tubing, and a monitoring module 13 on the production platform. The bottom-hole pressure sensor 63 monitors the sand accumulation in the wellbore, and when the set value is reached, the jet desanding pump is activated to perform sand removal operation. The liquid level sensor 62 located in the production layer monitors the liquid level in the well and controls the drainage volume of the electric submersible pump to keep the liquid level in the well within a reasonable range. The pressure and temperature sensor 61 located on the upper part of the gas-liquid separator monitors the pressure and temperature in the well, and controls the pressure in the well by adjusting the flow rate of the gas production valve and the discharge volume of the electric submersible pump.

[0028] The process steps are as follows:

[0029] 1. Well completion plan: Drill to the lower part of the target combustible ice mining layer, and reserve installation space for the electric submersible pump group 45 and the downhole sand removal system 5; In order to ensure the permeability of the mining layer, larger sand and gravel are filtered to prevent them from entering the mining wellbore and causing instability of the mining layer structure. The space between the combustible ice mining layer and the mining casing is filled with gravel 8, and a primary filter screen 33 is installed in the casing of the combustible ice mining layer section. After the gravel filling is completed, the casing string 3 is cemented and an artificial bottom hole is installed.

[0030] 2. Run the bottom hole pressure sensor 63, jet desanding pump 53 and pipeline into the casing string, and arrange the bottom hole pressure sensor 63 and jet desanding pump 53 at the bottom of the production well;

[0031] 3. Lower the production tubing string, which is designed and equipped with a cyclone desander 46, an electric submersible pump set 45, a secondary sand control net 44, a gas-liquid separator set 43, a natural gas transmission pipeline 42, and a production water transmission subsea pipeline 41, according to the actual working conditions of the production well.

[0032] 4. Install packer 7 and wellhead device 2; install underwater delivery pipeline and umbilical cable 25 and other facilities, and connect them to the mining platform 1;

[0033] 5. After all facilities are installed, start the electric submersible pump unit 45 to perform drainage and pressure reduction operations. The pressure and temperature inside the well are monitored by the pressure and temperature sensor 61, and the liquid level is monitored by the liquid level sensor 62. The well pressure is controlled by adjusting the discharge rate of the electric submersible pump unit 45 and the natural gas production rate, ensuring that the pressure conditions of the combustible ice hydrate in the extraction layer are in the gas phase state of the phase equilibrium curve. This promotes the decomposition of the combustible ice. The resulting natural gas and water pass through the gravel packing layer 8, the primary filter screen 33, and the secondary sand control screen 44 into the extraction tubing well. The natural gas then flows upwards through the gas-liquid separator. After water removal, the water from the group 43 is discharged to the platform natural gas treatment module 11 via the natural gas transmission pipe 42 and the wellhead device 2. The production water is discharged to the production water treatment module 12 of the mining platform via the electric submersible pump group 45, the production water transmission subsea pipe (41) and the wellhead device (2) after the silt is removed by the cyclone desander 46. The accumulated sand in the well is provided with desanding power water by the desanding power water module 15 on the mining platform to the jet desanding pump 53. Under the agitation of the power water and the negative pressure of the jet desanding pump 53, the accumulated sand at the bottom of the well is discharged to the mud and sand treatment module 14 of the mining platform via the mud and sand discharge pipe 52 for treatment.

Claims

1. A process for the production of deep-sea combustible ice using a depressurization method, the process employing equipment comprising: The system consists of a mining platform (1), wellhead equipment (2), casing string (3), mining string (4), downhole sand removal system (5), monitoring system (6), and underwater transport pipeline and umbilical cable (25). The process steps are as follows: 1) Well completion plan: Drill to the lower part of the target combustible ice mining layer, and reserve installation space for the electric submersible pump group (45) and the downhole sand removal system (5); filter the larger sand and gravel to prevent them from entering the mining wellbore and causing instability of the mining layer structure; fill the space between the combustible ice mining layer and the mining casing with gravel (8); and set a primary filter screen (33) on the casing in the combustible ice mining layer section; after the gravel filling is completed, cement the casing string (3) and set an artificial well bottom; 2) Run the bottom hole pressure sensor (63), jet desanding pump (53) and pipeline into the casing string, and arrange the bottom hole pressure sensor (63) and jet desanding pump (53) at the bottom of the production well; 3) The production tubing string is designed and equipped with a cyclone desander (46), an electric submersible pump group (45), a secondary sand control net (44), a gas-liquid separator group (43), a natural gas transmission pipeline (42), and a production water transmission subsea pipeline (41) according to the actual working conditions of the production well. 4) Install packers (7) and wellhead equipment (2); install underwater delivery pipelines and umbilical cables (25) and connect them to the mining platform (1); 5) After all facilities are installed, start the electric submersible pump group (45) to perform drainage and pressure reduction operations. Monitor the pressure and temperature inside the well using the pressure and temperature sensor (61) and monitor the liquid level inside the well using the liquid level sensor (62). Control the pressure inside the well by controlling the discharge rate of the electric submersible pump group (45) and the gas production rate of natural gas, so that the pressure conditions of the combustible ice hydrate in the extraction layer are in the gas phase state of the phase equilibrium curve, which promotes the decomposition of combustible ice. The natural gas and water produced by the decomposition pass through the gravel filling layer (8), the primary filter screen (33), and the secondary sand prevention screen (44) into the extraction tubing well. The natural gas flows upward through the gas-liquid separator group (43). After water removal, the water is discharged to the platform natural gas treatment module (11) via the natural gas transmission pipe (42) and wellhead device (2); the production water is discharged to the production water treatment module (12) of the mining platform via the electric submersible pump group (45), the production water transmission subsea pipe (41) and wellhead device (2) after removing the sediment by the cyclone desander (46); the accumulated sand in the well is provided by the desanding power water module (15) on the mining platform to the jet desanding pump (53). Under the agitation of the power water of the jet desanding pump (53) and the action of negative pressure, the accumulated sand at the bottom of the well is discharged to the sediment treatment module (14) of the mining platform via the sediment discharge pipe (52) for treatment.

2. The process for exploitation of deep-sea methane hydrates by depressurization according to claim 1, further characterized by: The mining platform (1) is located on the sea surface. The natural gas processing module (11), production water processing module (12), sediment processing module (14), and desanding power water module (15) on the mining platform (1) are connected to the wellhead device (2) located on the seabed via underwater pipelines. The lower part of the wellhead device (2) is installed on the upper end of the casing string (3) of the mining well and connected to the mining string (4) and the downhole desanding system (5) inside the casing string, thereby transporting the natural gas, production water and sediment extracted from the well to the corresponding modules of the mining platform (1) for processing. At the same time, the monitoring module (13) on the mining platform (1) is connected to the pressure and temperature sensor (61), liquid level sensor (62) and bottom pressure sensor (63) in the well via umbilical cable (25) to monitor the liquid level, temperature, pressure conditions and working status in the well during the mining process.

3. The process of claim 1, further characterized by: The wellhead device (2) is used to connect to the underwater transport pipeline and umbilical cable (25) on the seabed. Its lower end is connected to the casing string (3), the production string (4), and the downhole sand removal system (5) in the production well. The wellhead device (2) enables the control and adjustment of the equipment in the well.

4. The process of claim 1, further characterized by: The casing string (3) is designed to penetrate the production layer (103) and terminate in the overburden layer (104); it consists of a surface casing (31), a production casing (32), and a primary sand filter (33); the upper end of the casing string (3) is connected to the lower end of the wellhead device (2), penetrating the overburden layer (102) and the production layer (103), and the end of the production casing (32) is located in the overburden layer (104) below the production layer, and a sieve structure is adopted at the production layer and a primary sand filter (33) is set, which adopts a steel wire mesh structure; the production string (4) and the downhole sand removal system (5) are arranged in the internal space enclosed by the casing string (3).

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the process further comprises: The production tubing (4) adopts a screen structure and sand-proof netting at the combustible ice layer opening, while the electric submersible pump unit (45) is arranged at the lower part of the production layer. The production tubing (4) consists of a production water delivery subsea pipeline (41), a natural gas delivery pipeline (42), a gas-liquid separator group (43), a secondary sand-proof netting (44), an electric submersible pump group (45), and a hydrocyclone desander (46). The connection relationship is that the hydrocyclone desander (46) is arranged at the bottom of the production tubing, and its upper end is connected to the suction port of the electric submersible pump group (45). The discharge pipeline of the electric submersible pump group (45) is the production water delivery subsea pipeline (41), and its upper end is connected to the wellhead device. The production tubing located at the production layer (103) above the electric submersible pump group (45) adopts a screen structure and is equipped with multiple The secondary sand-proof net (44) is made of steel wire; the cyclone desander (46) is a conical structure with a drain port at the top connected to the suction port of the electric submersible pump group, and a sand discharge port at the bottom; the electric submersible pump group (45) is an important piece of equipment for the mining tubing, and the electric submersible pump group (45) consists of an electric submersible pump motor (453), an electric submersible pump inlet and casing (452), and an electric submersible pump body (451) from bottom to top; the annular space between the electric submersible pump motor (453) and the electric submersible pump inlet and casing (452) is the suction channel of the electric submersible pump; the gas-liquid separator group (43) consists of two parts, the lower part is the tubing cyclone gas-liquid separator (432), and the upper part is the packing gas-liquid separator (431); the tubing cyclone gas-liquid separator (432) is installed on the inner wall of the mining tubing.

6. The process for extracting deep-sea combustible ice using the decompression method according to claim 1, further characterized in that: The downhole sand removal system (5) adopts an independent bottom sand removal system design, consisting of a sand removal power water pipe (51), a mud and sand discharge pipe (52), and a jet sand removal pump (53). The connection relationship is as follows: the jet sand removal pump (53) is arranged at the bottom of the well, and is connected to the wellhead device through the sand removal power water pipe (51) and the mud and sand discharge pipe (52) arranged inside the casing string.

7. The process for extracting deep-sea combustible ice using the decompression method according to claim 1, further characterized in that: The monitoring system (6) consists of a bottom pressure sensor (63) located at the bottom of the production well, a liquid level sensor (62) located in the production layer, a pressure and temperature sensor (61) located on the upper part of the production string, and a monitoring module (13) on the production platform.

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