A water head loss testing system for water inlet and outlet flow channel and flap door and its use method

Abstract

The invention provides a head loss test system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap gate and a method for using the same, comprising a control gate valve, a flexible joint I, a reducing joint I, a straight round pipe I, an inlet pool, an inlet flow channel, a straight round pipe II, a model pump, a vortex meter, an outlet flow channel, an outlet pool, a straight round pipe III, a flap gate, a transparent plastic box, a straight round pipe IV, a round bend pipe I, a straight round pipe V, an electromagnetic flow meter, a round bend pipe II, a straight round pipe VI, a reducing joint II, a flexible joint II, a water supply pump, a flow stabilizer, an H-type support frame I, an H-type support frame II, a model pump drive motor, a support rod, and a transmission shaft. The test system is a detachable structure, can flexibly change the layout of the flow channel and the flap gate, and can simultaneously measure the head loss of inlet and outlet water flow channels and flap gates of different types and specifications at different flow rates, and can adapt to the size of the test site by adjusting the model scale, and has high practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a water head loss testing system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates and a method for using the system. The invention is a model test system capable of measuring water head losses of water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates and calculating corresponding water head loss coefficients, and belongs to the field of hydraulic machinery engineering. Background Art

[0002] In a water pump device, the hydraulic loss of the inlet and outlet flow channels accounts for a large proportion of the head of the water pump device and has a great impact on the efficiency of the water pump device. However, due to the complex shape of the flow channel, how to set the pressure measuring section is a key issue in the hydraulic loss model test of the inlet and outlet flow channels. As a pump station cut-off measure, the flap gate requires the knowledge of the head loss of the flap gate in the design of the flap gate, the hydraulic calculation of the outlet flow channel, and the determination of the operating point of the pump device. The existing head loss test system can only perform one experiment separately when in use. If multiple experiments need to be verified, they can only be operated through multiple test instruments, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the existing problems and provide a head loss testing system for water inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates and a method for using the system, which can simultaneously measure the head losses of the water inlet flow channel, the water outlet flow channel and the flap gate.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present invention is: a head loss test system for water inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates, characterized in that it comprises a regulating gate valve, a flexible joint I, a reducing joint I, a straight round pipe I, a water inlet pool, a water inlet flow channel, a straight round pipe II, a model pump, a vortex meter, a water outlet flow channel, a water outlet pool, a straight round pipe III, a flap gate, a transparent plastic box, a straight round pipe IV, a round bend pipe I, a straight round pipe V, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a round bend pipe II, a straight round pipe VI, a reducing joint II, a flexible joint II, a water supply pump, a flow stabilizing plate, an H-type support frame I, an H-type support frame II, a model pump drive motor, a support rod, and a transmission shaft;

[0005] One end of the water supply pump is connected to the flexible joint I through the regulating gate valve, and the regulating gate valve is arranged at the water outlet of the water supply pump and is connected to the flexible joint I; the flexible joint I, the reducing joint I, the straight round pipe I, the water inlet pool, the water inlet flow channel, the straight round pipe II, the water outlet flow channel, the water outlet pool, the straight round pipe III, the transparent plastic box, the straight round pipe IV, the circular turning pipe I, the straight round pipe V, the circular turning pipe II, the straight round pipe VI, the reducing joint II, and the flexible joint II are connected in sequence, and the flexible joint II is connected to the water supply pump;

[0006] The water supply flow of the water supply pump toward the flexible joint I is adjusted by changing the opening of the regulating gate valve, that is, the flow of the water supply pump is controlled by regulating the gate valve; the model pump is arranged in the straight circular pipe II, and the test flow is accurately adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the model pump. The model pump driving motor is connected to the model pump through a transmission shaft, and the model pump is started or closed by the model pump driving motor through the transmission shaft; the water outlet pool is fixedly supported by the H-type support frame II, the transparent plastic box is fixedly supported by the H-type support frame I, and the model pump driving motor is fixedly supported by the support rod; the flap door is connected to the tail end of the straight circular pipe III, and can be flexibly started and closed. The straight round tube III is closed, and the tail end of the straight round tube III is placed in a transparent plastic box; the rotometer is installed in the middle of the straight round tube II, and a propeller composed of 4 straight blades is installed on the rotometer, and the blade diameter is 60% of the diameter of the straight round tube II. The propeller will not rotate under the action of the axial flow velocity, but can rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity; a photoelectric sensor is set on the tube wall at the edge of the propeller blade. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer, which records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer; the electromagnetic flowmeter is set in the straight round tube V;

[0007] When in use, the water flows in sequence through the regulating gate valve, flexible joint I, reducing joint I, straight circular pipe I, water inlet pool, water inlet flow channel, straight circular pipe II, model pump, vortex meter, water outlet flow channel, water outlet pool, straight circular pipe III, flap door, transparent plastic box, straight circular pipe IV, circular turning pipe I, straight circular pipe V, electromagnetic flowmeter, circular turning pipe II, straight circular pipe VI, reducing joint II and flexible joint II to form a rectangular pipeline circulation system.

[0008] The H-shaped support frame I, H-shaped support frame II and support rod make the whole test system an integral whole, which is convenient for movement.

[0009] The flap door is connected to the rear end of the straight circular tube III by means of a rigid axis hinge.

[0010] The water inlet flow channel, the water outlet flow channel, the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool are all made of transparent organic glass to facilitate observation and recording of the flow state.

[0011] A rectifying section is provided at the front section of the water inlet pool so that the water flows into the water inlet channel in a good flow state; a rectifying section is provided at the rear end of the water outlet pool so that the water flows out of the water outlet pool in a good flow state.

[0012] One end of the straight circular tube III is connected to the water outlet pool, and the other end thereof axially penetrates into the transparent plastic box to complete the outflow through the flap door.

[0013] Flow stabilizing plates are provided at the connection between the water inlet channel and the straight circular pipe II, the connection between the straight circular pipe II and the water outlet channel, the connection between the circular bend pipe I and the straight circular pipe V, the connection between the circular bend pipe II and the straight circular pipe V, the connection between the straight circular pipe V and both sides of the electromagnetic flowmeter, as well as between the straight circular pipe VI and the reducer II, between the reducer II and the flexible joint II, between the flexible joint II and the water supply pump, between the water supply pump and the regulating gate valve, between the regulating gate valve and the flexible joint I, between the flexible joint I and the reducer I, and between the reducer I and the straight circular pipe I to improve the flow state of the water.

[0014] A method for using a head loss test system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap door, characterized in that:

[0015] Step 1) a water inlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section is provided in the water inlet pool, and a pressure taking pipe is provided on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water inlet pool, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0016] The outlet of the water inlet flow channel is connected to the straight circular pipe II, and a water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section is arranged on the straight circular pipe II. Eight pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section, and are connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed.

[0017] The inlet of the water outlet flow channel is connected to the straight circular pipe II, and a pressure measuring section for the inlet of the water outlet flow channel is arranged on the straight circular pipe II. Eight pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the pressure measuring section for the inlet of the water outlet flow channel, and are connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed.

[0018] A pressure measuring section at the outlet of the water outlet channel is provided in the water outlet pool, and a pressure taking pipe is provided on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water outlet pool, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0019] A pressure measuring section on the side of the flap gate water inlet is provided on the straight circular pipe III, and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the pressure measuring section on the side of the flap gate water inlet, and are connected to the stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed;

[0020] A pressure measuring section on the side of the flap gate water outlet is provided in the transparent plastic box, and a pressure taking pipe is provided in the middle of the side wall and the bottom wall of the transparent plastic box respectively, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0021] Step 2), measuring flow rate, water pressure and flow rate;

[0022] Turn on the water supply pump, and the whole test system starts to run. The water flows through the regulating gate valve, flexible joint I, reducer I, straight round pipe I, water inlet pool, water inlet flow channel, straight round pipe II, model pump, vortex meter, water outlet flow channel, water outlet pool, straight round pipe III, flap door, transparent plastic box, straight round pipe IV, round bend pipe I, straight round pipe V, electromagnetic flowmeter, round bend pipe II, straight round pipe VI, reducer II and flexible joint II in sequence, forming a rectangular pipeline circulation system;

[0023] While the test system is running, the propeller of the rotometer starts to rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor at the edge of the tube wall of the blade outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends the signal data to the computer. The sampling time of the output pulse of the rotometer is set to 60 seconds each time. The computer records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer. At the same time, the staff records the readings of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the pressure tube every 60 seconds.

[0024] Then, according to different test requirements, change the speed of the model pump, accurately adjust the test flow and repeat step 2), and finally obtain the hydraulic data of the inlet flow channel, outlet flow channel and flap gate head loss system under different flow conditions;

[0025] Step 3), according to the head loss test system and measurement results, calculate the head losses of the water inlet flow channel, flap gate and water outlet flow channel respectively;

[0026] According to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the inlet pressure measuring section and the outlet pressure measuring section of the inlet flow channel is regarded as a gradual flow. The average flow velocity and the water head of the pressure measuring tube of the inlet pressure measuring section and the outlet pressure measuring section of the inlet flow channel are set to be v respectively. 进 , H 进 and v 出 , H 出 , where v 进 , v 出 It can be obtained based on the electromagnetic flowmeter reading and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 and H 出 is the corresponding pressure tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section at the inlet of the water inlet channel and the pressure measuring section at the outlet of the water inlet channel, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: Δh 直管 are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the inlet pressure measuring section and the outlet pressure measuring section of the water inlet flow channel, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula;

[0029] When calculating the head loss of the flap gate, according to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the pressure measuring section on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section on the flap gate outlet side is regarded as a gradual flow, and the average flow velocity and the pressure measuring pipe head of the pressure measuring section on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section on the flap gate outlet side are set to be v respectively. 进 '、H 进 ' and v 出 '、H 出 ', where v 进 ',v出 'It can be obtained based on the electromagnetic flowmeter reading and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 ' and H 出 ' is the corresponding pressure tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section on the water outlet side of the flap gate, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where: Δh 直管 ' are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the pressure measuring section on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section on the water outlet side of the flap gate, which can be calculated according to the Darcy formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the way is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula; when calculating the head loss of the outlet flow channel, since the pressure measuring section at the inlet of the outlet flow channel is located close to the outlet section of the guide vane of the model pump, the water flow entering the outlet flow channel is spiral and does not meet the conditions of gradual flow. Therefore, when calculating the hydraulic loss of the outlet flow channel, the influence of the circulation of the guide vane outlet on the outlet water must be considered, that is:

[0032]

[0033] Where: v 进切 , v 出 "According to the electromagnetic flowmeter reading and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; v 进切 is the average tangential flow velocity at the inlet of the water outlet channel, which is obtained according to the rotation speed of the spin meter; H 进 ” and H 出 " is the corresponding pressure tube reading; Δh 直管 " are the head losses along the straight pipe section between the outlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section and the outlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula.

[0034] According to the basic conditions for applying the constant total flow energy equation, the pressure measuring section should be set at the gradually changing flow. Therefore, the pressure measuring section at the inlet of the water inlet channel is set at 2 / 3 of the water inlet pool in the direction of the water flow, and the pressure measuring section at the outlet of the water inlet channel is set at 1 / 5 of the water flow in the straight pipe section II. Since the circulation at the outlet of the model pump guide vane has a certain influence on the hydraulic loss of the outlet channel, in order to detect the rotational angular velocity of the water flow at the guide vane outlet, the pressure measuring section at the inlet of the water outlet channel is set at 4 / 5 of the water flow in the straight pipe section II, and the pressure measuring section at the outlet of the water outlet channel is set at 1 / 4 of the water flow in the outlet pool. The pressure measuring section on the water inlet side of the flap gate is set at 5 / 6 of the water flow in the straight pipe section III, and the pressure measuring section on the water outlet side of the flap gate is set at 1 / 3 of the water flow in the transparent plastic box.

[0035] The present invention has a reasonable structure and an advanced and scientific method. Through the present invention, a head loss test system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap gate and a use method thereof are provided, which mainly include a water supply pump, a regulating gate valve, a flexible joint, a reducer, an inlet pool, an inlet flow channel, a model pump, a model pump drive motor, a transmission shaft, a vortex meter, an outlet flow channel, an outlet pool, a transparent plastic box, a flap gate, an electromagnetic flow meter, etc. The head loss test system for the inlet and outlet water flow channel and the flap gate is a detachable structure, which can flexibly change the arrangement of the flow channel and the flap gate, and at the same time measure the head loss of inlet and outlet water flow channels and flap gates of different types and specifications at different flow rates, and can adapt to the size of the test site by adjusting the model scale.

[0036] The head loss test system for the inlet and outlet water flow channels and flap gates is a vertical circulation system, and the models of the inlet and outlet water flow channels and flap gates are geometrically similar to the prototype.

[0037] The head loss testing system of the water inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates realizes water supply through a water supply pump, and the water flows in sequence through a regulating gate valve, a flexible joint I, a reducing joint I, a straight circular pipe I, a water inlet pool, a water inlet flow channel, a straight circular pipe II, a model pump, a vortex meter, a water outlet flow channel, a water outlet pool, a straight circular pipe III, a flap gate, a transparent plastic box, a straight circular pipe IV, a circular bend pipe I, a straight circular pipe V, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a circular bend pipe II, a straight circular pipe VI, a reducing joint II and a flexible joint II to form a rectangular pipeline circulation system.

[0038] The regulating gate valve is set at the outlet of the water supply pump and connected to the flexible joint I. The flow rate of the water supply pump can be controlled by the regulating gate valve. The model pump is arranged in the straight circular pipe II, and the test flow rate is accurately adjusted by changing the speed of the model pump. The inlet and outlet water flow channels and the inlet and outlet pools are made of transparent organic glass to facilitate observation and recording of the flow state.

[0039] The front section of the water inlet pool is provided with a rectifying section so that the water flow maintains a good flow state to enter the water inlet channel; the rear end of the water outlet pool is provided with a rectifying section so that the water flow maintains a good flow state to flow out of the water outlet pool. The vorticometer is installed in the middle of the straight circular pipe II, and a propeller composed of 4 straight blades is installed, and the blade diameter is 60% of the pipe diameter. The propeller will not rotate under the action of the axial flow velocity, but can rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity. A photoelectric sensor is set at the pipe wall at the edge of the propeller blade. For each rotation of the propeller, the photoelectric sensor outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer, which records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the vorticometer. The water outlet pool and the transparent plastic box are each fixedly supported by an "H"-shaped fixing frame. One end of the straight circular pipe III is connected to the water outlet pool, and the corresponding other end axially penetrates into the transparent plastic box, and the outflow is completed through the flap door. Flow stabilizing plates are provided at the water inlet channel and straight circular pipe connection II, the straight circular pipe II and the water outlet channel, the circular bend pipe I and straight circular pipe V, the circular bend pipe II and straight circular pipe V, the straight circular pipe V and the two sides of the electromagnetic flowmeter, as well as between the straight circular pipe VI and the reducer II, between the reducer II and the flexible joint II, between the flexible joint II and the water supply pump, between the water supply pump and the regulating gate valve, between the regulating gate valve and the flexible joint I, between the flexible joint I and the reducer I, and between the reducer I and the straight circular pipe I to improve the flow state of the water.

[0040] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. On the one hand, the specifications and dimensions of the model flow channel can be adjusted by designing pipe sections such as reducers and circular bend pipes; on the other hand, the layout and dimensions of the inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates can be changed, and the head losses of inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates of different types and specifications at different flow rates can be measured at the same time;

[0042] 2. Through a rectangular pipe circulation system, by selecting different pressure measuring sections, the head loss of the water inlet flow channel, the water outlet flow channel and the flap gate can be measured simultaneously;

[0043] 3. Under the premise of meeting the test procedures, the size of the entire experimental system can be changed to adapt to the scope of the test site by adjusting the model scale;

[0044] 4. The flap water head test system is supported by an H-shaped support frame to form a whole. The system is detachable, easy to move and easy to assemble;

[0045] 5. An independent self-circulating water supply system is used, which can reuse the experimental water and is beneficial to saving water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2-1 It is a layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe at the pressure-measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel outlet in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2-2 It is the layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe at the pressure-measuring section B1 of the water outlet flow channel in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2-3 It is the layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe of the pressure-measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3-1 It is a layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe at the pressure-measuring section A1 of the water inlet channel in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3-2 It is a layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe at the pressure-measuring section B2 of the outlet of the water outlet flow channel in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3-3 It is the layout diagram of the pressure-taking pipe at the pressure-measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate in the present invention;

[0053] In the figure:

[0054] A1 inlet pressure measuring section, A2 inlet pressure measuring section, B1 outlet pressure measuring section, B2 outlet pressure measuring section, C1 flap gate inlet side pressure measuring section, C2 flap gate outlet side pressure measuring section; 1 regulating gate valve, 2 flexible joint Ⅰ, 3 reducing joint Ⅰ, 4 straight round pipe Ⅰ, 5 inlet pool, 6 inlet flow channel, 7 straight round pipe Ⅱ, 8 model pump, 9 vortex meter, 10 outlet flow channel, 11 outlet Pool, 12 straight round pipe III, 13 flap door, 14 transparent plastic box, 15 straight round pipe IV, 16 circular turning pipe I, 17 straight round pipe V, 18 electromagnetic flowmeter, 19 circular turning pipe II, 20 straight round pipe VI, 21 reducer II, 22 flexible joint II, 23 water supply pump, 24 flow stabilizer, 25 H-type support frame I, 26 H-type support frame II, 27 model pump drive motor, 28 support rod, 29 transmission shaft, 30 pressure measuring point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the accompanying descriptions.

[0056] A water head loss testing system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap gate comprises a regulating gate valve 1, a flexible joint Ⅰ2, a reducing joint Ⅰ3, a straight round pipe Ⅰ4, a water inlet pool 5, a water inlet flow channel 6, a straight round pipe Ⅱ7, a model pump 8, a vortex meter 9, a water outlet flow channel 10, a water outlet pool 11, a straight round pipe Ⅲ12, a flap gate 13, a transparent plastic box 14, a straight round pipe Ⅳ15, a round turning pipe Ⅰ16, a straight round pipe Ⅴ17, an electromagnetic flowmeter 18, a round turning pipe Ⅱ19, a straight round pipe Ⅵ20, a reducing joint Ⅱ21, a flexible joint Ⅱ22, a water supply pump 23, a flow stabilizing plate 24, an H-type support frame Ⅰ25, an H-type support frame Ⅱ26, a model pump drive motor 27, a support rod 28, and a transmission shaft 29;

[0057] One end of the water supply pump 23 is connected to the flexible joint I2 through the regulating gate valve 1. The regulating gate valve 1 is arranged at the water outlet of the water supply pump 23 and is connected to the flexible joint I2; the flexible joint I2, the reducing joint I3, the straight round pipe I4, the water inlet pool 5, the water inlet flow channel 6, the straight round pipe II7, the water outlet flow channel 10, the water outlet pool 11, the straight round pipe III12, the transparent plastic box 14, the straight round pipe IV15, the circular turning pipe I16, the straight round pipe V17, the circular turning pipe II19, the straight round pipe VI20, the reducing joint II21, and the flexible joint II22 are connected in sequence, and the flexible joint II22 is connected to the water supply pump 23;

[0058] Among them, the water supply flow of the water supply pump 23 to the direction of the flexible joint Ⅰ2 is adjusted by changing the opening of the control gate valve 1, that is, the flow of the water supply pump 23 is controlled by the control gate valve 1; the model pump 8 is arranged in the straight round pipe Ⅱ7, and the test flow is accurately adjusted by changing the speed of the model pump 8. The model pump drive motor 27 is connected to the model pump 8 through the transmission shaft 29, and the model pump 8 is controlled to start or shut down by the model pump drive motor 27 through the transmission shaft 29; the water outlet pool 11 is fixedly supported by the H-type support frame Ⅱ26, the transparent plastic box 14 is fixedly supported by the H-type support frame Ⅰ25, and the model pump drive motor 27 is fixedly supported by the support rod 28; the flap door 13 is connected to the straight round pipe At the tail end of the straight round tube Ⅲ12, the flap door 13 can be opened and closed flexibly, and the tail end of the straight round tube Ⅲ12 is placed in a transparent plastic box 14; the rotometer 9 is installed in the middle of the straight round tube Ⅱ7, and a propeller composed of 4 straight blades is installed on the rotometer 9. The blade diameter is 60% of the diameter of the straight round tube Ⅱ7. The propeller will not rotate under the action of the axial flow velocity, but can rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity; a photoelectric sensor is set at the tube wall at the edge of the propeller blade. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer, which records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer; the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 is set in the straight round tube Ⅴ17;

[0059] When in use, the water flows in sequence through the regulating gate valve 1, flexible joint I 2, reducing joint I 3, straight circular pipe I 4, water inlet pool 5, water inlet flow channel 6, straight circular pipe II 7, model pump 8, vortex meter 9, water outlet flow channel 10, water outlet pool 11, straight circular pipe III 12, flap door 13, transparent plastic box 14, straight circular pipe IV 15, circular bend pipe I 16, straight circular pipe V 17, electromagnetic flowmeter 18, circular bend pipe II 19, straight circular pipe VI 20, reducing joint II 21 and flexible joint II 22 to form a rectangular pipeline circulation system.

[0060] Furthermore, the H-shaped support frame I25, H-shaped support frame II26 and support rod 28 make the whole test system an integral whole, which is easy to move. The flap door 13 is connected to the tail end of the straight circular tube III12 by a rigid axis hinge. The water inlet channel 6, the water outlet channel 10, the water inlet pool 5, and the water outlet pool 11 are all made of transparent organic glass to facilitate observation and recording of the flow state. The front section of the water inlet pool 5 is provided with a rectifying section, so that the water flow maintains a good flow state when entering the water inlet channel 6; the rear end of the water outlet pool 11 is provided with a rectifying section, so that the water flow maintains a good flow state when flowing out of the water outlet pool 11. One end of the straight circular tube III12 is connected to the water outlet pool 11, and the corresponding other end axially penetrates into the transparent plastic box 14, and the outflow is completed through the flap door 13. Flow stabilizing plates 24 are provided at the connection between the water inlet channel 6 and the straight circular pipe Ⅱ7, the connection between the straight circular pipe Ⅱ7 and the water outlet channel 10, the connection between the circular bend pipe Ⅰ16 and the straight circular pipe Ⅴ17, the connection between the circular bend pipe Ⅱ19 and the straight circular pipe Ⅴ17, the connection between the straight circular pipe Ⅴ17 and both sides of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18, as well as between the straight circular pipe Ⅵ20 and the reducer Ⅱ21, between the reducer Ⅱ21 and the flexible joint Ⅱ22, between the flexible joint Ⅱ22 and the water supply pump 23, between the water supply pump 23 and the regulating gate valve 1, between the regulating gate valve 1 and the flexible joint Ⅰ2, between the flexible joint Ⅰ2 and the reducer Ⅰ3, and between the reducer Ⅰ3 and the straight circular pipe Ⅰ4 to improve the flow state of the water.

[0061] A method for using a head loss test system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap door, characterized in that:

[0062] Step 1), a water inlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section A1 is provided in the water inlet pool 5, and a pressure taking pipe is provided on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water inlet pool 5, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0063] The outlet of the water inlet flow channel 6 is connected to the straight circular pipe II 7, and the straight circular pipe II 7 is provided with a water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section A2, and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section A2, which are connected to the stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed;

[0064] The inlet of the water outlet channel 10 is connected to the straight circular pipe II 7, and the straight circular pipe II 7 is provided with a water outlet channel inlet pressure measuring section B1, and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the water outlet channel inlet pressure measuring section B1, which are connected to the stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed;

[0065] The outlet pool 11 is provided with a pressure measuring section B2 at the outlet of the water flow channel, and a pressure taking pipe is provided at each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the outlet pool 11, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0066] A flap gate water inlet side pressure measuring section C1 is provided on the straight circular pipe III12, and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the flap gate water inlet side pressure measuring section C1, which are connected to the stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed;

[0067] A pressure measuring section C2 is provided on the side of the water outlet of the flap gate in the transparent plastic box 14, and a pressure taking pipe is provided on the middle of the side wall and the bottom wall of the transparent plastic box 14, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe;

[0068] Step 2), measuring flow rate, water pressure and flow rate;

[0069] Turn on the water supply pump 23, and the whole test system starts to run. The water flows through the regulating gate valve 1, the flexible joint Ⅰ2, the reducing joint Ⅰ3, the straight round pipe Ⅰ4, the water inlet pool 5, the water inlet flow channel 6, the straight round pipe Ⅱ7, the model pump 8, the vortex meter 9, the water outlet flow channel 10, the water outlet pool 11, the straight round pipe Ⅲ12, the flap door 12, the transparent plastic box 14, the straight round pipe Ⅳ15, the circular turning pipe Ⅰ16, the straight round pipe Ⅴ17, the electromagnetic flowmeter 18, the circular turning pipe Ⅱ19, the straight round pipe Ⅵ20, the reducing joint Ⅱ21 and the flexible joint Ⅱ22, forming a rectangular pipeline circulation system;

[0070] While the test system is running, the propeller of the rotometer 9 starts to rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor at the tube wall of the blade edge outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends the signal data to the computer. The sampling time of the output pulse of the rotometer is set to 60 seconds each time. The computer records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer 9. At the same time, the staff records the readings of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the pressure tube readings every 60 seconds.

[0071] Then, according to different test requirements, the rotation speed of the model pump 8 is changed, the test flow rate is accurately adjusted and step 2) is repeated, and finally the hydraulic data of the head loss system of the water inlet flow channel 6, the water outlet flow channel 10 and the flap gate 13 under different flow conditions are obtained;

[0072] Step 3), according to the head loss test system and the measurement results, the head losses of the water inlet channel 6, the flapper 13 and the water outlet channel 10 are calculated respectively;

[0073] According to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the inlet pressure measuring section A1 and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel is regarded as a gradual flow. The average flow velocity and the water head of the pressure measuring tube of the inlet pressure measuring section A1 and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel are set to be v respectively. 进 , H 进 and v 出 , H出 , where v 进 , v 出 It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 and H 出 is the corresponding pressure measuring tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section A1 at the inlet of the water inlet channel and the pressure measuring section A2 at the outlet of the water inlet channel, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where: Δh 直管 are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the inlet pressure measuring section A1 of the water inlet flow channel and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula;

[0076] When calculating the head loss of the flap gate 13, according to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the pressure measuring section C1 on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section C2 on the flap gate outlet side is regarded as a gradual flow, and the average flow velocity and the pressure measuring pipe head of the pressure measuring section C1 on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section C2 on the flap gate outlet side are set to v 进 '、H 进 ' and v 出 '、H 出 ', where v 进 ',v 出 'It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 ' and H 出 ' is the corresponding pressure tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where: Δh 直管 ' are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate, which can be calculated according to the Darcy formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the way is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula; when calculating the head loss of the water outlet channel 10, since the pressure measuring section B1 at the inlet of the water outlet channel is located close to the outlet section of the guide vane of the model pump 8, the water flow entering the water outlet channel 10 is spiral and does not meet the conditions of gradual flow. Therefore, when calculating the hydraulic loss of the water outlet channel 10, the influence of the circulation of the guide vane outlet on the water outlet must be considered, that is:

[0079]

[0080] Where: v 进切 , v 出 "According to the reading of electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; v 进切 is the average tangential flow velocity at the inlet of the water outlet channel 10, which is obtained according to the rotation speed of the cyclometer 9; H 进 ” and H 出 " is the corresponding pressure tube reading; Δh 直管 " are the head losses along the straight pipe section between the outlet pressure measuring section B1 and the outlet pressure measuring section B2, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipe is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula.

[0081] According to the basic conditions for applying the constant total flow energy equation, the pressure measuring section should be set at the gradually changing flow, so the pressure measuring section A1 at the inlet of the water inlet channel is set at 2 / 3 of the water flow direction in the water inlet pool 5, and the pressure measuring section A2 at the outlet of the water inlet channel is set at 1 / 5 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅱ7; because the circulation at the outlet of the guide vane of the model pump 8 has a certain influence on the hydraulic loss of the outlet channel 10, in order to detect the rotational angular velocity of the water flow at the guide vane outlet, the pressure measuring section B1 at the inlet of the water outlet channel is set at 4 / 5 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅱ7, and the pressure measuring section B2 at the outlet of the water outlet channel is set at 1 / 4 of the water flow direction in the water outlet pool 11; the pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate is set at 5 / 6 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅲ12, and the pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate is set at 1 / 3 of the water flow direction in the transparent plastic box 14.

[0082] The calculation process of the head loss of the flap gate is exactly the same as that of the head loss of the water inlet channel.

[0083] like Figure 1-Figure 3-3 As shown: A head loss test system for an inlet and outlet water flow channel and a flap door of the present invention comprises:

[0084] Pressure measuring section A1 at the inlet of the water inlet, pressure measuring section A2 at the outlet of the water inlet, pressure measuring section B1 at the outlet of the water outlet, pressure measuring section C1 at the water inlet of the flap gate, pressure measuring section C2 at the water outlet of the flap gate, regulating gate valve 1, flexible joint Ⅰ 2, reducing joint Ⅰ 3, straight round pipe Ⅰ 4, water inlet pool 5, water inlet channel 6, straight round pipe Ⅱ 7, model pump 8, rotation meter 9, water outlet channel 10, outlet Water tank 11, straight round pipe III 12, flap door 13, transparent plastic box 14, straight round pipe IV 15, circular turning pipe I 16, straight round pipe V 17, electromagnetic flowmeter 18, circular turning pipe II 19, straight round pipe VI 20, reducer II 21, flexible joint II 22, water supply pump 23, flow stabilizer 24, H-type support frame I 25, H-type support frame II 26, model pump drive motor 27, support rod 28, transmission shaft 29.

[0085] The water supply capacity of the water supply pump 23 meets the requirements of the test flow range, and the water supply flow rate is adjusted by changing the opening of the control gate valve 1.

[0086] The test flow range for measuring the hydraulic loss of the flow channel corresponds to the maximum flow and minimum flow of the prototype. The maximum flow of the prototype is 1.25 times the design flow, and the minimum flow of the prototype is 0.75 times the design flow.

[0087] The model pump 8 is arranged in the straight circular pipe II 7 , and the test flow rate is precisely adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the model pump 8 . The model pump 8 is started by controlling the model pump driving motor 27 through the transmission shaft 29 .

[0088] The water outlet pool 11 is fixedly supported by an "H"-shaped fixing frame 26, the transparent plastic square box 14 is fixedly supported by an "H"-shaped fixing frame 25, and the model pump drive motor 27 is fixedly supported by a support rod 28. The fixed bracket and the support rod make the entire test system a whole, which is easy to move.

[0089] The flap door 13 is connected to the upper part of the rear end of the straight circular tube 12 by a rigid axis hinge, which can ensure that the flap door 13 can be opened and closed flexibly.

[0090] The pressure measuring section A1 of the inlet of the water inlet channel is arranged in the water inlet pool 5. One pressure taking pipe is arranged on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water inlet pool 5. The pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe.

[0091] The outlet of the water inlet channel 6 is connected to a straight circular pipe II7 of equal diameter. The pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet channel outlet is set on the straight pipe. 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the pressure measuring section and connected to the stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressurized.

[0092] The inlet of the above-mentioned water outlet channel 10 is connected to a straight circular pipe II7 of equal diameter. The pressure measuring section B1 of the water outlet channel inlet is set on the straight pipe. 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the pressure measuring section and connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressurized.

[0093] The pressure measuring section B2 of the outlet of the water outlet channel is arranged in the outlet pool 11, and one pressure taking pipe is arranged on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the outlet pool, and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe.

[0094] The pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate is set on the straight circular pipe III12, and 8 pressure pipes are evenly distributed on the pressure measuring section, which are connected to the pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressurized.

[0095] The pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap door is arranged in the transparent plastic box 14, and a pressure taking pipe is arranged in the middle of the side wall and the bottom wall of the transparent plastic box 14 respectively, and the pressure is measured by the pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe.

[0096] The sampling time of the output pulse of the above-mentioned curometer 9 is set to 60 seconds each time.

[0097] Here’s how to use it:

[0098] 1) Determine the model pipe size, inlet and outlet water flow channel size and flap valve size;

[0099] According to different model scales, the pipe size and inlet and outlet water flow channel size of the head loss test system are preferably formulated, and a certain pipe section type can be designed and adjusted in combination with the test requirements; then, the type and size of the model flap door are formulated through the counterweight method according to the door weight and buoyancy and their corresponding torque, and different types and sizes of flap doors are installed on the upper part of the rear end of the straight circular tube 12 in combination with different experimental requirements.

[0100] 2) Select the pressure measuring section;

[0101] According to the basic conditions for applying the constant total flow energy equation, the pressure measuring section should be set at the gradually changing flow, so the pressure measuring section A1 at the inlet of the water inlet channel is set at 2 / 3 of the water flow direction in the water inlet pool 5, and the pressure measuring section A2 at the outlet of the water inlet channel is set at 1 / 5 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅱ7; because the circulation at the outlet of the guide vane of the model pump 8 has a certain influence on the hydraulic loss of the outlet channel 10, in order to detect the rotational angular velocity of the water flow at the guide vane outlet, the pressure measuring section B1 at the inlet of the water outlet channel is set at 4 / 5 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅱ7, and the pressure measuring section B2 at the outlet of the water outlet channel is set at 1 / 4 of the water flow direction in the water outlet pool 11; the pressure measuring section C1 at the inlet of the flap gate is set at 5 / 6 of the water flow direction in the straight pipe section Ⅲ12, and the pressure measuring section C2 at the outlet of the flap gate is set at 1 / 3 of the water flow direction in the transparent plastic box 14.

[0102] 3)Measure flow, water pressure and flow rate;

[0103] Turn on the water supply pump 23, and the whole test system starts to run. The water flows through the regulating gate valve, flexible joint I, reducer I, straight circular pipe I, water inlet pool, water inlet flow channel, straight circular pipe II, model pump, vortex meter, water outlet flow channel, water outlet pool, straight circular pipe III, flap door, transparent plastic box, straight circular pipe IV, circular bend pipe I, straight circular pipe V, electromagnetic flowmeter, circular bend pipe II, straight circular pipe VI, reducer II and flexible joint II in sequence, forming a rectangular pipeline circulation system.

[0104] While the test system is running, the propeller of the rotometer 9 starts to rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor at the edge of the tube wall of the blade outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer. The sampling time of the output pulse of the rotometer is set to 60 seconds each time. The computer records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer 9. At the same time, the staff records the flow meter reading and the pressure tube reading every 60 seconds.

[0105] Then, according to different test requirements, the rotation speed of the model pump 8 is changed, the test flow rate is accurately adjusted and step 3 is repeated, and finally the hydraulic data of the above-mentioned inlet and outlet water flow channels and flap gate head loss system under different flow conditions are obtained.

[0106] 4) Calculate the head loss of the inlet channel, flap gate and outlet channel;

[0107] According to the head loss test system and measurement results, the head losses of the water inlet channel 6, the flapper 13 and the water outlet channel 10 are calculated respectively;

[0108] According to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the inlet pressure measuring section A1 and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel is regarded as a gradual flow. The average flow velocity and the water head of the pressure measuring tube of the inlet pressure measuring section A1 and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel are set to be v respectively. 进 , H 进 and v 出 , H 出 , where v 进 , v 出 It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 and H 出 is the corresponding pressure measuring tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section A1 at the inlet of the water inlet channel and the pressure measuring section A2 at the outlet of the water inlet channel, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Where: Δh 直管 are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the inlet pressure measuring section A1 of the water inlet flow channel and the outlet pressure measuring section A2 of the water inlet flow channel, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula;

[0111] When calculating the head loss of the flap gate 13, according to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the pressure measuring section C1 on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section C2 on the flap gate outlet side is regarded as a gradual flow, and the average flow velocity and the pressure measuring pipe head of the pressure measuring section C1 on the flap gate inlet side and the pressure measuring section C2 on the flap gate outlet side are set to v 进 '、H 进 ' and v 出 '、H 出 ', where v 进 ',v 出 'It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 ' and H 出' is the corresponding pressure tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows:

[0112]

[0113] Where: Δh 直管 ' are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the pressure measuring section C1 on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section C2 on the water outlet side of the flap gate, which can be calculated according to the Darcy formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the way is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula; when calculating the head loss of the water outlet channel 10, since the pressure measuring section B1 at the inlet of the water outlet channel is located close to the outlet section of the guide vane of the model pump 8, the water flow entering the water outlet channel 10 is spiral and does not meet the conditions of gradual flow. Therefore, when calculating the hydraulic loss of the water outlet channel 10, the influence of the circulation of the guide vane outlet on the water outlet must be considered, that is:

[0114]

[0115] Where: v 进切 , v 出 "According to the reading of electromagnetic flowmeter 18 and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; v 进切 is the average tangential flow velocity at the inlet of the water outlet channel 10, which is obtained according to the rotation speed of the cyclometer 9; H 进 ” and H 出 " is the corresponding pressure tube reading; Δh 直管 " are the head losses along the straight pipe section between the outlet pressure measuring section B1 and the outlet pressure measuring section B2, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipe is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula.

[0116] In summary, the present invention introduces a head loss testing system for water inlet and outlet flow channels and flap gates and a method for using the system, which has high promotion and application value.

[0117] The above content has described the present invention in detail with general words and specific implementation steps, but it does not limit the present invention. Any related modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A water head loss test system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates, characterized in that: It comprises a regulating gate valve (1), a flexible joint I (2), a reducing joint I (3), a straight round pipe I (4), a water inlet pool (5), a water inlet flow channel (6), a straight round pipe II (7), a model pump (8), a vortex meter (9), a water outlet flow channel (10), a water outlet pool (11), a straight round pipe III (12), a flapper (13), a transparent plastic box (14), a straight round pipe IV (15), a circular bend pipe I (16), a straight round pipe V (17), an electromagnetic flow meter (18), a circular bend pipe II (19), a straight round pipe VI (20), a reducing joint II (21), a flexible joint II (22), a water supply pump (23), a flow stabilizing plate (24), an H-type support frame I (25), an H-type support frame II (26), a model pump drive motor (27), a support rod (28), and a transmission shaft (29); One end of the water supply pump (23) is connected to the flexible joint I (2) via the regulating gate valve (1); the regulating gate valve (1) is arranged at the water outlet of the water supply pump (23) and is connected to the flexible joint I (2); the flexible joint I (2), the reducing joint I (3), the straight round pipe I (4), the water inlet pool (5), the water inlet flow channel (6), the straight round pipe II (7), the water outlet flow channel (10), the water outlet pool (11), the straight round pipe III (12), the transparent plastic box (14), the straight round pipe IV (15), the circular bend pipe I (16), the straight round pipe V (17), the circular bend pipe II (19), the straight round pipe VI (20), the reducing joint II (21), and the flexible joint II (22) are connected in sequence, and the flexible joint II (22) is connected to the water supply pump (23); The water supply flow of the water supply pump (23) toward the flexible joint I (2) is adjusted by changing the opening of the regulating gate valve (1), that is, the flow of the water supply pump (23) is controlled by regulating the gate valve (1); the model pump (8) is arranged in the straight circular pipe II (7), and the test flow is accurately adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the model pump (8); the model pump drive motor (27) is connected to the model pump (8) through a transmission shaft (29), and the model pump (8) is started or closed by the model pump drive motor (27) through the transmission shaft (29); the water outlet pool (11) is fixedly supported by an H-shaped support frame II (26), the transparent plastic box (14) is fixedly supported by an H-shaped support frame I (25), and the model pump drive motor (27) is fixedly supported by a support rod (28); the shooting The door (13) is connected to the rear end of the straight circular tube III (12), and the flap door (13) can be flexibly opened and closed, and the rear end of the straight circular tube III (12) is placed in a transparent plastic box (14); the rotometer (9) is installed in the middle of the straight circular tube II (7), and a propeller composed of four straight blades is installed on the rotometer (9), and the blade diameter is 60% of the diameter of the straight circular tube II (7). The propeller will not rotate under the action of the axial flow velocity, but can rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity; a photoelectric sensor is arranged on the tube wall at the edge of the propeller blade, and each time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer, and the computer records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer; the electromagnetic flowmeter (18) is arranged in the straight circular tube V (17); When in use, the water flows sequentially through the regulating gate valve (1), the flexible joint I (2), the reducing joint I (3), the straight round pipe I (4), the water inlet pool (5), the water inlet flow channel (6), the straight round pipe II (7), the model pump (8), the vortex meter (9), the water outlet flow channel (10), the water outlet pool (11), the straight round pipe III (12), the flap door (13), the transparent plastic box (14), the straight round pipe IV (15), the circular bend pipe I (16), the straight round pipe V (17), the electromagnetic flow meter (18), the circular bend pipe II (19), the straight round pipe VI (20), the reducing joint II (21) and the flexible joint II (22) to form a rectangular pipeline circulation system; The flap door (13) is connected to the rear end of the straight circular tube III (12) by means of a rigid shaft hinge; The water inlet channel (6), the water outlet channel (10), the water inlet pool (5) and the water outlet pool (11) are all made of transparent organic glass to facilitate observation and recording of the flow state.

2. A head loss test system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The H-shaped support frame I (25), the H-shaped support frame II (26) and the support rod (28) make the entire test system an integral whole, which is convenient for movement.

3. A head loss test system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front section of the water inlet pool (5) is provided with a rectifying section so that the water flows in a good flow state when entering the water inlet channel (6); the rear end of the water outlet pool (11) is provided with a rectifying section so that the water flows in a good flow state when flowing out of the water outlet pool (11).

4. A head loss test system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the straight circular tube III (12) is connected to the water outlet pool (11), and the other end thereof is axially extended into the transparent plastic box (14) to complete the outflow through the flap door (13).

5. A head loss test system for water inlet and outlet channels and flap gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: Flow stabilizing plates (24) are provided at the connection between the water inlet channel (6) and the straight circular pipe II (7), the connection between the straight circular pipe II (7) and the water outlet channel (10), the connection between the circular bend pipe I (16) and the straight circular pipe V (17), the connection between the circular bend pipe II (19) and the straight circular pipe V (17), the connection between the straight circular pipe V (17) and both sides of the electromagnetic flowmeter (18), and between the straight circular pipe VI (20) and the reducer II (21), between the reducer II (21) and the flexible joint II (22), between the flexible joint II (22) and the water supply pump (23), between the water supply pump (23) and the regulating gate valve (1), between the regulating gate valve (1) and the flexible joint I (2), between the flexible joint I (2) and the reducer I (3), and between the reducer I (3) and the straight circular pipe I (4) to improve the flow pattern of the water.

6. A method for using a head loss test system for a water inlet and outlet channel and a flap door according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Step 1), a water inlet channel inlet pressure measuring section (A1) is provided in the water inlet pool (5), and a pressure taking pipe is provided on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water inlet pool (5), and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe; The outlet of the water inlet flow channel (6) is connected to the straight circular pipe II (7), and a water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section (A2) is provided on the straight circular pipe II (7). Eight pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the water inlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section (A2), and are connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed. The inlet of the water outlet flow channel (10) is connected to the straight circular pipe II (7), and the straight circular pipe II (7) is provided with a water outlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section (B1), and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the water outlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section (B1), and are connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed; A water outlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section (B2) is provided in the water outlet pool (11), and a pressure taking pipe is provided on each of the two side walls and the middle of the bottom wall of the water outlet pool (11), and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe; A flap gate water inlet side pressure measuring section (C1) is provided on the straight circular pipe III (12), and 8 pressure taking pipes are evenly distributed on the flap gate water inlet side pressure measuring section (C1), and are connected to the pressure stabilizing pressure measuring pipe after being evenly pressed; A pressure measuring section (C2) on the side of the flap gate water outlet is provided in the transparent plastic box (14), and a pressure taking pipe is provided in the middle of the side wall and the bottom wall of the transparent plastic box (14), and the pressure is measured by a pressure-stabilizing pressure measuring pipe; Step 2), measuring flow rate, water pressure and flow rate; The water supply pump (23) is turned on, and the entire test system starts to operate. The water flows sequentially through the control gate valve (1), the flexible joint I (2), the reducer I (3), the straight round pipe I (4), the water inlet pool (5), the water inlet flow channel (6), the straight round pipe II (7), the model pump (8), the vortex meter (9), the water outlet flow channel (10), the water outlet pool (11), the straight round pipe III (12), the flap door (13), the transparent plastic box (14), the straight round pipe IV (15), the circular bend pipe I (16), the straight round pipe V (17), the electromagnetic flow meter (18), the circular bend pipe II (19), the straight round pipe VI (20), the reducer II (21) and the flexible joint II (22), forming a rectangular pipeline circulation system; While the test system is running, the propeller of the rotometer (9) starts to rotate under the action of the tangential flow velocity. Every time the propeller rotates one circle, the photoelectric sensor at the edge of the tube wall of the blade outputs a light pulse through the optical fiber and sends signal data to the computer. The sampling time of the output pulse of the rotometer is set to 60 seconds each time. The computer records the number of pulses and calculates the rotation speed of the rotometer 9. At the same time, the staff records the readings of the electromagnetic flowmeter (18) and the pressure tube readings every 60 seconds. Then, according to different test requirements, the rotation speed of the model pump (8) is changed, the test flow rate is accurately adjusted and step 2) is repeated, and finally the hydraulic data of the head loss system of the water inlet flow channel (6), the water outlet flow channel (10) and the flap gate (13) under different flow conditions are obtained; Step 3), according to the head loss test system and the measurement results, the head losses of the water inlet flow channel (6), the flapper (13) and the water outlet flow channel (10) are calculated respectively; According to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the inlet pressure measuring section (A1) and the outlet pressure measuring section (A2) of the water inlet flow channel is regarded as a gradual flow. The average flow velocity and the water head of the pressure measuring tube at the inlet pressure measuring section (A1) and the outlet pressure measuring section (A2) of the water inlet flow channel are v respectively. 进 , H 进 and v 出 , H 出 , where v 进 , v 出 It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter (18) and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 and H 出 is the corresponding pressure gauge reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the inlet pressure measuring section (A1) and the outlet pressure measuring section (A2) of the inlet flow channel, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows: Where: Δh 直管 are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the inlet pressure measuring section (A1) and the outlet pressure measuring section (A2) of the water inlet flow channel, which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula; When calculating the head loss of the flap gate (13), according to the constant total flow energy equation, the water flow on the pressure measuring section (C1) on the flap gate water inlet side and the pressure measuring section (C2) on the flap gate water outlet side is regarded as a gradual flow, and the average flow velocity and the pressure measuring pipe head of the pressure measuring section (C1) on the flap gate water inlet side and the pressure measuring section (C2) on the flap gate water outlet side are respectively v 进 '、H 进 ' and v 出 '、H 出 ', where v 进 ',v 出 'It can be obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter (18) and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; H 进 ' and H 出 ' is the corresponding pressure tube reading; according to the Bernoulli equation between the pressure measuring section (C1) on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section (C2) on the water outlet side of the flap gate, the head loss between the two sections is obtained as follows: Where: Δh 直管 ' are respectively the head loss along the straight pipe section between the pressure measuring section (C1) on the water inlet side of the flap gate and the pressure measuring section (C2) on the water outlet side of the flap gate, which can be calculated according to the Darcy formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the way is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula; when calculating the head loss of the outlet flow channel (10), since the pressure measuring section (B1) at the inlet of the outlet flow channel is located close to the outlet section of the guide vane of the model pump (8), the water flow entering the outlet flow channel (10) is spiral and does not meet the conditions of gradual flow. Therefore, when calculating the hydraulic loss of the outlet flow channel (10), the influence of the circulation of the guide vane outlet on the outlet water must be considered, that is: Where: v 进切 , v 出 ” is obtained based on the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter (18) and the area of ​​the pressure measuring section; v 进切 is the average tangential flow velocity at the inlet of the water outlet channel (10), which is obtained according to the rotation speed of the spin meter (9); H 进 ” and H 出 " is the corresponding pressure tube reading; Δh 直管 " is the head loss along the straight pipe section between the outlet flow channel inlet pressure measuring section (B1) and the outlet flow channel outlet pressure measuring section (B2), which can be calculated according to Darcy's formula. Since the flow in the pipeline is in the square resistance area, the head loss coefficient along the pipe is calculated according to the Nicolas empirical formula.

7. The method of use according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the basic conditions of applying the constant total flow energy equation, the pressure measuring section should be set at the gradually changing flow. Therefore, the pressure measuring section (A1) at the inlet of the water inlet channel is set at 2 / 3 of the water flow direction of the water inlet pool (5), and the pressure measuring section (A2) at the outlet of the water inlet channel is set at 1 / 5 of the water flow direction in the straight circular pipe II (7). Since the circulation at the outlet of the guide vane of the model pump (8) has a certain influence on the hydraulic loss of the outlet water channel (10), in order to detect the water flow at the outlet of the guide vane, the pressure measuring section (A1) is set at 2 / 3 of the water flow direction of the water inlet pool (5). In some rotating angular velocities, the pressure measuring section (B1) at the inlet of the water outlet channel is arranged at 4 / 5 of the straight circular pipe II (7) in the direction of the water flow, and the pressure measuring section (B2) at the outlet of the water outlet channel is arranged at 1 / 4 of the water outlet pool (11) in the direction of the water flow; the pressure measuring section (C1) on the water inlet side of the flap gate is arranged at 5 / 6 of the water flow direction of the straight circular pipe III (12), and the pressure measuring section (C2) on the water outlet side of the flap gate is arranged at 1 / 3 of the transparent plastic box (14) in the direction of the water flow.

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