A soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic monitoring device and method for soil layered settlement, the automatic monitoring device for soil layered settlement comprises: a fixed component, a sliding component, a measuring device and a protective device, the fixed part is a hollow structure and a plurality of chute groups are arranged at intervals on the fixed part; the sliding component is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed part and is slidably connected with the chute group, and an elastic card and a measuring device are connected and arranged on the sliding component, and the elastic card is used to be inserted into the soil and move up and down synchronously with the soil. The present invention effectively solves the technical problems of low monitoring efficiency, low monitoring accuracy and large influence of human factors in the prior art. The present invention has a simple structure, low cost, simple operation, can achieve real-time control of the data of each monitoring point and has high monitoring accuracy, realizes automatic monitoring, and has its unique advantages in terms of simplicity of installation, practicality, economy, etc., and has broad development prospects in the field of geotechnical engineering settlement monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering construction, and in particular to an automatic monitoring device and method for soil layer settlement. Background Art

[0002] In the field of civil engineering construction, deep soil stratification settlement monitoring is widely used in foundation treatment projects, deep foundation pit or slope excavation projects, embankment projects, dam projects and other engineering projects. Its purpose is to observe the vertical settlement of different underground soil layers in order to make more accurate analysis and judgment on the quality and safety of engineering construction.

[0003] At present, there are three main methods commonly used to observe the stratified settlement of deep soil:

[0004] (1) Deep mark level method: This method is suitable for hard soil layers. The specific operation method is: use a drilling rig to drill a hole to the specified soil layer depth at each location where the settlement mark needs to be installed, then firmly connect the observation rod to the bottom settlement mark and send the settlement mark to the monitoring point at the bottom of the hole. The measuring rod body is protected by a PVC casing and extends out of the hole to a certain height above the ground. Then the gap in the hole is backfilled with soil. When burying, one hole needs to be drilled for each measuring point. If multiple soil layer monitoring points are required at the same location, multiple holes need to be drilled, and a certain distance needs to be separated between the holes on the plane. During observation, 2 to 3 people are required to use the leveling height measurement method to observe the elevation of the top of each measuring rod, and then calculate the settlement of each measuring point.

[0005] (2) Magnetic ring type settlement meter method: This method is currently a more commonly used method in manual observation. The specific implementation process is: use a drilling rig to drill a hole to the specified depth at the location where the layered settlement observation point is buried, and then put the magnetic ring on the PVC pipe and space it at a certain distance according to the depth of the soil layer to be tested. When the magnetic ring is sent into the predetermined depth in the borehole along with the PVC pipe, the spring sheet on the magnetic ring is opened and stuck in the surrounding soil layer, so that the magnetic ring keeps settling synchronously with the surrounding soil layer; during observation, the layered settlement meter probe is placed in the PVC pipe, and the distance from each magnetic ring to the top of the pipe is measured in turn, so as to calculate its elevation and settlement.

[0006] (3) Fixed rod displacement sensor method: This method is to insert a guide rod with a certain rigidity into the bottom hard soil layer (N greater than 40) by drilling, and then connect the displacement sensor to the guide rod within a predetermined depth (the guide rod is interrupted and then fixed to both ends of the displacement sensor; the guide rod is not interrupted, one end of the displacement sensor is fixed to the guide tube, and the other end is connected to a ring that is stuck on the surrounding soil and can slide up and down along the guide rod). The displacement changes of each displacement sensor can be measured by manual or automatic data acquisition equipment, and the settlement of the soil layer at different depths can be calculated.

[0007] Among them, the deep mark level method and the magnetic ring settlement instrument method are mostly manual monitoring methods, which are labor-intensive, with low monitoring efficiency. The test accuracy is greatly affected by human factors, and it is impossible to control the data of each monitoring point in real time, especially in severe weather such as thunderstorms. Continuous observation will not be possible, causing certain safety hazards. The fixed rod displacement sensor method mostly adopts an automated monitoring method, but it requires drilling into the hard soil layer and the drilling is deep; the guide rod is separated by the displacement meter near the monitoring point, and the connection between the guide rod and the displacement meter needs to be considered, and the measurement point setting method is relatively complicated; due to the limitation of the length of the displacement meter, there must be a certain interval between the upper and lower adjacent monitoring points; the test range is limited by the displacement meter range, and for the measurement points with large settlement, the displacement meter needs to be specially customized, the cost is high, and the economy is poor.

[0008] Therefore, the existing technology needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0009] The inventors have found that the existing soil layer monitoring technology has the problems of low monitoring efficiency, low monitoring accuracy, significant influence by human factors, inability to achieve real-time control of data at each monitoring point, high cost of monitoring equipment, and complex operation.

[0010] The present invention aims to alleviate or solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems to at least a certain extent. The present invention proposes an automatic monitoring device and method for soil stratification and settlement, wherein an automatic monitoring device for soil stratification and settlement comprises:

[0011] A fixing assembly, the fixing assembly comprising a fixing member, a bottom cover arranged at the bottom end of the fixing member, and a top cover arranged at the top end of the fixing member, the fixing member being a hollow structure and having a plurality of slide groove groups arranged at intervals on the fixing member;

[0012] A sliding assembly, the sliding assembly is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixing member and is slidably connected to the slide groove group, the sliding assembly is connected to an elastic card, the elastic card is used to be inserted into the soil and move up and down synchronously with the soil;

[0013] A measuring device, the measuring device comprising an angle detection encoder, a guide wheel, a conducting wire and a pull wire, the angle detection encoder is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly, the guide wheel is arranged on the angle detection encoder, the two ends of the pull wire are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the fixing member, and the pull wire is wound around the guide wheel, the elastic card moves up and down under the external force, the elastic card is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly, the elastic card drives the sliding assembly to move up and down, causing the angle detection encoder to move synchronously, and at the same time drives the guide wheel to rotate along the pull wire;

[0014] A protection device, the protection device is fixedly connected to the fixing member, and the protection device is used to form a closed space around the fixing member, so that the chute group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing member;

[0015] Specifically: the protection device includes a bellows and a limiting ring arranged on the bellows, both ends of the bellows are fixedly connected to the fixing piece, and the elastic card, the limiting ring, the bellows, and the sliding assembly are fixedly connected in sequence, and the bellows is used to form a closed space around the fixing piece, so that the slide groove group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing piece.

[0016] In one embodiment, the fixing element is a hollow tubular structure.

[0017] In one embodiment, the fixing member is a rigid polyvinyl chloride tube or an aluminum alloy tube.

[0018] In one embodiment, the sliding assembly includes an inner sliding block, a limit bar fixedly connected to the inner sliding block, and an elastic card fixedly connected to the limit bar, the limit bar is arranged in the slide groove group and is slidably connected to the slide groove group, and the inner sliding block moves along the fixing member through the elastic card.

[0019] In one embodiment, the inner sliding block is in close contact with the inner wall of the fixing member, and the inner sliding block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixing member.

[0020] In one embodiment, the pull wire is disposed on the guide wheel and is wound around once.

[0021] In one embodiment, the angle detection encoder is connected with wires, the wires are respectively connected to a power source and a wireless transmission component, and the wireless transmission component is connected to a smart terminal device via a wireless network.

[0022] A soil layer settlement automatic monitoring method based on the soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device comprises the following steps:

[0023] S10, drilling at the monitoring point: using a drilling machine to drill a hole at the location where the monitoring point is to be set to a predetermined depth;

[0024] S20, assembling and burying the monitoring device: pre-assembling the monitoring device in a factory or on site, then placing the monitoring device in the borehole, and finally backfilling the gap around the borehole;

[0025] S30, monitoring: using monitoring devices to monitor the settlement of different soil layers;

[0026] S40, data transmission: The settlement amounts of different soil layers monitored by the monitoring device are transmitted via a wireless transmission component.

[0027] In one embodiment, the fixing member penetrates the entire monitored soil layer, the bottom cover of the fixing member is inserted into the bottom of the borehole, and the top cover of the fixing member is higher than the opening of the borehole.

[0028] In one embodiment, the pull wire is arranged on the guide wheel and is wound around once, both ends of the pull wire are fixedly connected to the fixing member through a fixed shaft, and the pull wire between the pull wire of the fixed shaft and the guide wheel is arranged in a straight line.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device provided by the present invention can arrange monitoring points at different depths of soil layers according to design requirements, so that multiple monitoring points can be arranged in the same borehole to monitor different soil layers respectively. At the same time, the angle detection encoder in the present invention can output digital signals, and can be transmitted to the externally installed wireless transmission component through wires to realize the function of automatic monitoring. The details are as follows:

[0030] The present invention replaces manual repetitive work with automated equipment operation, saving labor costs;

[0031] The present invention adopts an automated testing device, which reduces manual operation errors and improves testing accuracy;

[0032] The present invention can automatically test at a fixed frequency or at a fixed time as required, eliminating the phenomenon of test data interruption caused by external factors such as bad weather;

[0033] In case of special circumstances, the present invention can adopt a human-computer dialogue mode at the client end to modify the monitoring frequency in the control system through a wireless network to achieve a focused monitoring effect;

[0034] The test data of the present invention can be presented in real time in the form of charts, curves, etc. through the computer client and mobile phone APP, which is convenient for relevant units to check the soil displacement;

[0035] The test results of the present invention are automatically calculated and reported by the client software, thus avoiding calculation errors caused by manual repetitive labor;

[0036] If the settlement rate or cumulative settlement exceeds the warning value, the control system in the present invention will promptly alert the customer through client pop-up reminders and mobile phone text messages, so as to achieve the purpose of timely controlling the on-site situation.

[0037] Compared with the fixed rod displacement sensor method of the prior art (please refer to the background technology), the present invention has the following advantages:

[0038] The fixing member of the present invention is a continuous conduit, and the measurement error caused by the settlement of the conduit can be eliminated by regularly checking the elevation of the top of the conduit and correcting the settlement of the sliding component (soil settlement). Therefore, the bottom of the conduit does not need to be inserted into the hard soil layer, which can reduce the drilling depth and also avoid the system error caused by the settlement of the bottom hard soil layer.

[0039] Displacement sensors in the prior art generally have a range limitation. For locations with large settlement amounts, special displacement sensors need to be customized, which are expensive. The present invention only needs to set a chute group of sufficient length to avoid the range limitation, which has little impact on material costs.

[0040] The displacement sensor of the prior art needs to reserve a certain space at the bottom to accommodate the upper telescopic rod, thus limiting the minimum distance between the upper and lower measuring points; the present invention only needs to reserve a small section to accommodate the length of the compressed bellows, greatly reducing the limitation of this distance.

[0041] The unit price of the angle detection encoder in the measuring component of the present invention is much lower than that of the displacement sensor, so the cost can be greatly reduced.

[0042] To sum up, the invention effectively solves the technical problems of low monitoring efficiency, low monitoring accuracy and great influence of human factors in the prior art. The present invention has a simple structure, low cost, easy operation, can achieve real-time control of the data of each monitoring point and has high monitoring accuracy, realizes automated monitoring, and has broad market application and promotion space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the automatic monitoring device for soil layer settlement provided by the present invention is as follows Figure 1 .

[0044] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the automatic monitoring device for soil layer settlement provided by the present invention is as follows Figure 2 .

[0045] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 BB section in Figure 1 .

[0046] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 BB section in Figure 2 .

[0047] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the measuring device and the sliding assembly provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the inner slider and the fixed component provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 AA section view in.

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the automatic monitoring device for soil stratification settlement provided by the present invention.

[0052] Reference numerals: 100, fixed assembly; 200, sliding assembly; 300, measuring device; 400, protective device;

[0053] 1. Top cover; 2. Fixing parts; 3. Bolts; 4. Fixed limit ring; 5. Bellows; 6. Elastic card; 7. Limit strip; 8. Limit ring; 9. Inner slider; 10. Slide groove; 11. Bottom cover; 12. Protective sleeve; 13. Fixed shaft; 14. Guide wheel; 15. Pull wire; 16. Wire; 17. Angle detection encoder; 18. Bracket; 19. Rotating shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0056] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0057] Based on the problems existing in the prior art, this embodiment provides a soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device, specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device in this embodiment includes a fixing component 100, a sliding component 200, a measuring device 300 and a protection device 400.

[0058] The fixing assembly 100 includes a fixing member 2, a bottom cover 11 arranged at the bottom end of the fixing member 2, and a top cover 1 arranged at the top end of the fixing member 2. The fixing member 2 is a hollow structure and a plurality of slide groove groups are arranged at intervals on the fixing member 2, wherein the slide groove group is provided with a plurality of parallel slide grooves 10, and the slide grooves 10 are all arranged in a vertical distribution.

[0059] The sliding assembly 200 is disposed in the inner cavity of the fixing member 2 and is slidably connected to the slide groove assembly. The sliding assembly 200 is connected to an elastic card 6, which is used to be inserted into the soil and move up and down synchronously with the soil.

[0060] Combination Figure 5 The measuring device 300 includes an angle detection encoder 17, a guide wheel 14, a wire 16 and a pull wire 15. The angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly 200. The guide wheel 14 is provided on the angle detection encoder 17. The two ends of the pull wire 15 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the fixing member 2, and the pull wire 15 is wound around the guide wheel 14. When the elastic card 6 is subjected to an external force and moves up and down along the chute 10 of the chute group, the elastic card 6 is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly 200, and the elastic card 6 drives the sliding assembly 200 to move up and down, causing the angle detection encoder 17 to move synchronously, and at the same time drives the guide wheel 14 to rotate along the pull wire 15. If it is assumed that the angle of rotation of the guide wheel 14 during the downward movement of the sliding assembly 200 is α, and the inner radius of the groove of the guide wheel is known to be r, then at this time, the displacement of the surrounding soil, the sliding assembly 200, and the angle detection encoder 17 that sinks synchronously is s=α·r.

[0061] The protective device 400 includes a bellows 5 and a limiting ring 8 arranged on the bellows 5. The two ends of the bellows 5 are fixedly connected to the fixing member 2, and the elastic card 6, the limiting ring 8, the bellows 5, and the sliding assembly 200 are fixedly connected in sequence. The bellows 5 is used to form a closed space outside the fixing member 2, so that the slide 10 of the slide group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing member 2.

[0062] In view of the problems existing in the prior art regarding soil stratification settlement monitoring, the present invention proposes an automatic soil stratification settlement monitoring device. The present invention provides a sliding component 200 on a fixing member 2 having a hollow structure, and an angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly installed inside the sliding component 200. A pull wire 15 is wound in the groove of a guide wheel 14 at the end of the angle detection encoder 17. The pull wire 15 needs to be tensioned and its two ends are fixed at the two ends of the fixing member 2. When the angle detection encoder 17 fixed on the sliding component 200 moves up and down, the pull wire 15 can The guide wheel 14 is driven to rotate accordingly, so that the distance that the sliding component 200 moves up and down can be calculated (for example, during the downward movement of the angle detection encoder 17, the pull wire 15 drives the guide wheel to rotate at an angle of α, and the inner radius of the groove of the guide wheel 14 is r, that is, the distance that the encoder moves down can be calculated as s=α·r); the outside of the sliding component 200 extends elastic cards 6 outward through a number of slide grooves 10 reserved on the fixing part 2, and the elastic cards 6 can be stuck into the surrounding soil to ensure that the sliding component 200, the elastic cards 6 and the surrounding soil can move up and down synchronously. In this way, if the soil sinks, the sliding component 200 will be driven to move downward through the elastic cards 6, and the sliding component 200 will drive the guide wheel 14 on the angle detection encoder 17 to rotate, thereby obtaining the settlement of the sliding component 200, which is the settlement observed at this soil layer measuring point.

[0063] The fixing part 2 in the present invention is continuous from bottom to top, and the measured displacement is actually the relative displacement between the surrounding soil and the fixing part 2. Therefore, the present invention does not need to support the bottom of the fixing part 2 on the hard soil layer. It only needs to regularly review the top of the fixing part 2 and then correct the test displacement to obtain an accurate amount of soil layer settlement. All components of the present invention are fixed on the fixing part. Therefore, the components can be pre-assembled and fixed on the fixing part 2 in the factory or indoors. When buried on site, only the fixing part 2 needs to be simply assembled, and the installation is relatively simple. The present invention can reserve the length of the slide groove 10 on the fixing part 2 according to the settlement predicted by the design, and the test is not limited by the range. The present invention has a simple structure, high test accuracy, low material cost, and good economy.

[0064] In summary, the present invention effectively solves the technical problems of low monitoring efficiency, low monitoring accuracy and great influence of human factors in the prior art. The present invention has a simple structure, low cost, easy operation, and can achieve real-time control of data at each monitoring point with high monitoring accuracy, thus realizing automated monitoring. It also has unique advantages in terms of ease of installation, practicality and economy, and has broad development prospects in the field of geotechnical engineering settlement monitoring.

[0065] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The fixing member 2 in this embodiment is a hollow tubular structure. It should be understood that the fixing member 2 is not limited to the above-mentioned hollow tubular structure, and can also be other situations, which are not limited here.

[0066] Optionally, the fixing member is a rigid polyvinyl chloride tube (PVC tube) or an aluminum alloy tube. The rigid polyvinyl chloride tube (PVC tube) or the aluminum alloy tube is cheap and easy to process, which can effectively reduce the cost of the equipment. It should be understood that the fixing member 2 is not limited to the rigid polyvinyl chloride tube (PVC tube) or the aluminum alloy tube, and can also be other situations, which are not limited here.

[0067] Specifically, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The fixing member 2 is provided with a plurality of chute groups at intervals, and the chute groups are used to connect the sliding assembly 200. The number of upper and lower chute groups can be designed correspondingly according to the number of soil layers. The chute group is provided with a plurality of parallel chute groups 10, and the plurality of parallel chute groups 10 are on the same cross section of the fixing member 2, and the chute groups 10 are evenly distributed vertically, and the chute groups 10 are used to connect the elastic card 6 with the sliding assembly 200 and the movement track of the elastic card 6.

[0068] Optionally, the number of the chutes 10 is preferably 3, such as Figure 3 As shown, three slide grooves 10 are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to uniform force on the sliding component 200 and can make the sliding component 200 more stable during movement. It should be understood that the number of slide grooves 10 is not limited to the above-mentioned three, and can also be other situations, which are not limited here.

[0069] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The bottom end of the fixing part 2 is provided with a bottom cover 11, and the top end of the fixing part 2 is provided with a top cover 1. The top cover 1 is used to protect the fixing part 2 and prevent foreign objects from falling into the fixing part 2. Specifically, the top cover 1 is provided with a guide hole (not marked) adapted to the wire 16, so that the wire 16 can pass through the top cover 1 to connect with the power supply and the wireless transmission component. The bottom cover 11 is used to ensure that the bottom of the fixing part 2 is airtight, and prevent foreign objects from entering the fixing part 2 to cause blockage and affect the monitoring accuracy of the equipment.

[0070] Optional, see Figure 1 The bottom cover 11 is arranged in a conical distribution, which is conducive to the smooth insertion of the fixing member 2 into the drill hole of the monitoring point, and is conducive to the stable support of the fixing member 2 to ensure the monitoring accuracy. It should be understood that the bottom cover 11 is not limited to the above-mentioned cone, and can also be other situations, which is not limited here.

[0071] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 6The sliding assembly 200 includes an inner sliding block 9, a limit bar 7 fixedly connected to the inner sliding block 9, and an elastic card 6 fixedly connected to the limit bar 7. The limit bar 7 is arranged in the slide groove 10 of the slide groove group and is slidably connected to the slide groove 10. The inner sliding block 9 moves along the fixing member 2 through the elastic card 6.

[0072] Specific, combined Figure 8 The inner slider 9 is fitted and connected with the inner wall of the fixing member 2, and the inner slider 9 is slidably connected with the inner wall of the fixing member 2. The limit strip 7 can prevent the inner slider 9 from rotating relative to the fixing member, and the inner slider 9 is fitted and connected with the inner wall of the fixing member 2 to ensure that the inner slider 9 can slide freely up and down along the fixing member 2 without shaking, which can ensure the accuracy of subsequent monitoring.

[0073] Specific, combined Figure 5 The measuring device 300 includes an angle detection encoder 17, a guide wheel 14, a wire 16 and a pull wire 15. The angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly 200 through a bracket 18. Further, the angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly connected to the inner slider 9 through a T-shaped bracket 18. The angle detection encoder 17 is transmission-connected to the guide wheel 14 through a rotating shaft 19. The two ends of the pull wire 15 are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed shafts 13 at the upper and lower ends of the fixing member 2. Preferably, the fixed shaft 13 is a stainless steel rod. The installation position of the upper fixed shaft 13 is the position where the edge of the uppermost slide slot 10 on the fixing member 2 extends upward, and the installation position of the lower fixed shaft 13 is the position where the edge of the lowermost slide slot 10 extends downward.

[0074] And the wire 15 is arranged on the guide wheel 14 and is wound around once. When the wire 15 is fixed, the wire 15 on the fixed shaft 13 and the wire 15 between the guide wheel 14 are arranged in a straight line, which can reduce the monitoring error and improve the monitoring accuracy. When the elastic card 6 is subjected to an external force and moves up and down along the chute 10 of the chute group, the elastic card 6 is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly 200, and the elastic card 6 drives the sliding assembly 200 to move up and down, causing the angle detection encoder 17 to move synchronously, and at the same time drives the guide wheel 14 to rotate along the wire 15. If it is assumed that the angle of rotation of the guide wheel 14 during the downward movement of the sliding assembly 200 is α, and the inner radius of the groove of the guide wheel is known to be r, then at this time, the displacement of the surrounding soil, the sliding assembly 200, and the angle detection encoder 17 sinking synchronously is s=α·r.

[0075] Specifically, refer to Figure 1The protection device 400 includes a bellows 5 and a limit ring 8 arranged on the bellows 5. The two ends of the bellows 5 are fixedly connected to the fixing member 2, and the elastic card 6, the limit ring 8, the bellows 5, the limit strip 7, and the inner slider 9 are fixedly connected in sequence by bolts 3. Among them, the top of the uppermost bellows 5 is sealed and fixedly connected to the fixing member 2 through the fixed limit ring 4, and the outer periphery of the uppermost bellows 5 is provided with a protective sleeve 12 to protect the bellows 5. The bottom of the lowermost bellows 5 is sealed and fixedly connected to the fixing member 2 through the fixed limit ring 4. In this way, the bellows 5 forms a closed space around the fixing member 2, so that the slide 10 of the slide group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing member 2.

[0076] The function of the bellows 5 is to protect the fixing part 2 so that the surrounding soil cannot enter the fixing part 2 through the slide groove 10; at the same time, because the elastic card 6 needs to pass through the outside of the bellows 5, the bellows 5 needs to be fixed to the sliding assembly 200 with bolts 3 through the limit ring 8 (specific installation position: the elastic card 6, the limit ring 8, the bellows 5, the limit strip 7, and the inner slide block 9 are fixed and connected in sequence by bolts 3), so that the bellows 5 fixed by the limit ring 8 will move up and down synchronously with the sliding assembly 200.

[0077] Optional, reference Figure 1 Above the stop ring 8, the bellows 5 is a compression section, and its length should be sufficient to allow the slide assembly 200 to descend to the bottom of the slideway 10 after the bellows 5 is stretched out; the bellows 5 below the stop ring 8 is fully unfolded so that the bellows 5 has sufficient compression space during the downward movement of the slide device. The upper and lower ends of the bellows 5 are fixed to the fixing member 2 with a fixed stop ring 4 and screws and bolts 3, and ensure that mud and other debris do not enter the fixing member 2.

[0078] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 , the angle detection encoder 17 is connected with a wire 16, which is respectively connected to a power source (not marked) and a wireless transmission component (not marked), and the wireless transmission component is connected to the smart terminal device through a wireless network. The power source is used to supply power input, the wireless transmission component is connected to the smart terminal device through a wireless network, and the wireless transmission component is used to transmit the data of the angle detection encoder. The wireless transmission component transmits the data measured by the measuring component 300 to the smart terminal device, thereby achieving the effect of automated real-time monitoring.

[0079] The present invention realizes automatic measurement of soil settlement by setting an angle detection encoder and a pull line connected thereto, greatly saving labor costs. In addition, the present invention adopts a retractable corrugated tube as a protective tube outside the fixing part, effectively preventing the surrounding soil from entering the fixing part, so that the sliding component can move up and down freely. The fixing part adopted in the present invention is a rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC pipe) or an aluminum alloy pipe, which has high test accuracy, low material cost and good economy. At the same time, the present invention is provided with a wireless transmission component, which transmits the data of each measuring point position collected to the client of the intelligent terminal device through a wireless network in time. After receiving the relevant data, the client will automatically start the relevant operation calculation, and make corresponding reports and data curves, and compare the displacement situation with the control threshold. If the control threshold is exceeded, the alarm program will be started in time.

[0080] A soil layer settlement automatic monitoring method based on the soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device, combined with Fig. 9 , including the following steps:

[0081] S10, drilling at the monitoring point: using a drilling machine to drill a hole at the location where the monitoring point is to be set to a predetermined depth;

[0082] S20, assembling and burying the monitoring device: pre-assembling the monitoring device in a factory or on site, then placing the monitoring device in the borehole, and finally backfilling the gap around the borehole;

[0083] Specifically, the fixing assembly 100 includes a fixing member 2, a top cover 1 and a bottom cover 11, and the fixing member 2 plays the role of a skeleton in the entire device. Among them, the fixing member 2 is a rigid polyvinyl chloride tube (PVC tube) or an aluminum alloy tube with a certain rigidity, and the inner diameter of the rigid polyvinyl chloride tube (PVC tube) or the aluminum alloy tube is required to be not less than 1.5 times the length of the angle detection encoder 17 (so as to ensure that there is enough space to install the angle detection encoder 17), the length of the fixing member 2 runs through the entire soil layer to be monitored, and the bottom of the fixing member 2 is to the bottom of the drill hole to minimize the fixing member 2 from sinking with the soil; the top cover 1 on the top of the fixing member 2 is higher than the drill hole, so as to facilitate the installation and lead-out of the wire 16, and to facilitate the monitoring of the settlement of the fixing member 2 and the correction of the stratified settlement of the soil.

[0084] At the depth position of the settlement monitoring point to be installed, a slide groove group is arranged on the pipe wall of the fixing member 2, and the slide groove group is provided with three slide grooves 10 in the same cross section of the fixing member 2, and the length of the slide groove 10 is greater than the theoretical settlement of the monitoring point (generally, the length of the slide groove 10 is 1.2~1.5 times of the settlement) to ensure that the monitoring point has sufficient measuring range; the two side edges of the slide groove 10 are in contact with the two side edges of the elastic card 6 and the limit strip 7, and ensure that the sliding assembly 200 can slide freely up and down along the slide groove 10.

[0085] The top cover 1 is used to protect the fixing part 2 and prevent foreign objects from falling into the fixing part 2. Specifically, the top cover 1 is provided with a guide hole (not marked) adapted to the wire 16, so that the wire 16 can pass through the top cover 1 to connect with the power supply and the wireless transmission component. The bottom cover 11 is used to ensure that the bottom of the fixing part 2 is airtight to prevent foreign objects from entering the fixing part 2 and causing blockage, thereby affecting the monitoring accuracy of the equipment.

[0086] The elastic card 6 extends out of the fixing member 2 and can be inserted into the surrounding soil after being stretched, so as to ensure that the entire sliding assembly settles synchronously with the surrounding soil.

[0087] Specifically, the measuring device 300 includes an angle detection encoder 17, a guide wheel 14, a wire 16 and a pull wire 15. The angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly 200 through a bracket 18. Further, the angle detection encoder 17 is fixedly connected to the inner slider 9 through a T-shaped bracket 18. The angle detection encoder 17 is provided with a guide wheel 14. Both ends of the pull wire 15 are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed shafts 13 at the upper and lower ends of the fixing member 2. Preferably, the fixed shaft 13 is a stainless steel rod. The installation position of the upper fixed shaft 13 is the position where the edge of the uppermost slide 10 on the fixing member 2 extends upward, and the installation position of the lower fixed shaft 13 is the position where the edge of the lowermost slide 10 extends downward.

[0088] The pull wire 15 is arranged on the guide wheel 14 and is wound around once. When the pull wire 15 is fixed, the pull wire 15 on the fixed shaft 13 and the pull wire 15 between the guide wheel 14 are arranged in a straight line, which can reduce the monitoring error and improve the monitoring accuracy.

[0089] S30, monitoring: using monitoring devices to monitor the settlement of different soil layers;

[0090] Specifically, when the surrounding soil drives the inner slider 9 to move downward through the elastic card 6, the angle detection encoder 17 also moves downward synchronously, and drives the guide wheel 14 to rotate along the pull wire 15. If the angle of the guide wheel 14 driven to rotate during the downward movement of the inner slider 9 is α, and the inner radius of the guide wheel groove is known to be r, then at this time, the displacement of the surrounding soil, the inner slider 9, and the angle detection encoder 17 components that sink synchronously is s=α·r.

[0091] S40, data transmission: The settlement amounts of different soil layers monitored by the monitoring device are transmitted via a wireless transmission component.

[0092] Specifically, the data measured by the angle detection encoder 17 is transmitted to a wireless transmission component (not marked in the figure) through a wire 16, and then transmitted to a client of the smart terminal device through a 4G wireless network.

[0093] In summary, the present invention realizes automatic measurement and reading of soil layer settlement by setting an angle detection encoder and a pull line connected thereto, greatly saving labor costs. In addition, the present invention adopts a retractable corrugated tube as a protective tube outside the fixing member, effectively preventing the surrounding soil from entering the fixing member, so that the sliding assembly can move up and down freely. The fixing member used in the present invention is a rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC pipe) or an aluminum alloy pipe, which has high test accuracy, low material cost and good economy. At the same time, the present invention is provided with a wireless transmission component, and the data of each measuring point position collected is transmitted to the client of the intelligent terminal device through a wireless network in time, realizing automatic monitoring. The present invention effectively solves the technical problems of low monitoring efficiency, low monitoring accuracy and large influence of human factors in the prior art. The present invention has simple structure, low cost, simple operation, can achieve real-time control of the data of each monitoring point and high monitoring accuracy, and has its unique advantages in terms of simplicity of installation, practicality, economy, etc., and has broad development prospects in the field of geotechnical engineering settlement monitoring.

[0094] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For ordinary technicians in this field, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description. All these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device, characterized in that: include: A fixing assembly, the fixing assembly comprising a fixing member, a bottom cover arranged at the bottom end of the fixing member, and a top cover arranged at the top end of the fixing member, the fixing member being a hollow structure and having a plurality of slide groove groups arranged at intervals on the fixing member; A sliding assembly, the sliding assembly is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixing member and is slidably connected to the slide groove group, the sliding assembly is connected to an elastic card, the elastic card is used to be inserted into the soil and move up and down synchronously with the soil; A measuring device, the measuring device comprises an angle detection encoder, a guide wheel, a conducting wire and a pulling wire, the angle detection encoder is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly, the guide wheel is arranged on the angle detection encoder, the two ends of the pulling wire are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the fixing member, and the pulling wire is wound around the guide wheel, the elastic card moves up and down under the external force, the elastic card is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly, the elastic card drives the sliding assembly to move up and down, causing the angle detection encoder to move synchronously, and at the same time drives the guide wheel to rotate along the pulling wire; the angle detection encoder is fixedly connected to the sliding assembly through a bracket; A protection device, the protection device is fixedly connected to the fixing member, and the protection device is used to form a closed space around the fixing member, so that the chute group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing member; The protection device includes a bellows and a limit ring arranged on the bellows. Both ends of the bellows are fixedly connected to the fixing member, and the elastic card, the limit ring, the bellows, and the sliding assembly are fixedly connected in sequence. The bellows is used to form a closed space around the fixing member, so that the chute of the chute group is placed in the closed space to prevent mud or debris from entering the inner cavity of the fixing member. Above the stop ring, the bellows is a compression section, the length of which allows the sliding assembly to drop to the bottom of the slideway after the bellows is stretched; The bellows below the limiting ring is fully expanded so that the bellows has compression space when the sliding device moves downward.

2. The automatic monitoring device for soil stratification and settlement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing piece is a hollow tubular structure.

3. The automatic monitoring device for soil stratification and settlement according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fixing piece is a hard polyvinyl chloride tube or an aluminum alloy tube.

4. The automatic soil layer settlement monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sliding assembly includes an inner slider, a limit bar fixedly connected to the inner slider, and an elastic card fixedly connected to the limit bar. The limit bar is arranged in the slide groove group and is slidably connected to the slide groove group. The inner slider moves along the fixing member through the elastic card.

5. The automatic monitoring device for soil stratification and settlement according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The inner sliding block is in close contact with the inner wall of the fixing member, and the inner sliding block is slidably connected with the inner wall of the fixing member.

6. The automatic monitoring device for soil stratification and settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull wire is arranged on the guide wheel and is wound around once.

7. The automatic soil layer settlement monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle detection encoder is connected with wires, which are respectively connected to a power source and a wireless transmission component, and the wireless transmission component is connected to an intelligent terminal device via a wireless network.

8. A soil layer settlement automatic monitoring method based on the soil layer settlement automatic monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, drilling at the monitoring point: using a drilling machine to drill a hole at the location where the monitoring point is to be set to a predetermined depth; S20, assembling and burying the monitoring device: pre-assembling the monitoring device in a factory or on site, then placing the monitoring device in the borehole, and finally backfilling the gap around the borehole; S30, monitoring: using monitoring devices to monitor the settlement of different soil layers; S40, data transmission: The settlement amounts of different soil layers monitored by the monitoring device are transmitted via a wireless transmission component.

9. The automatic monitoring method for soil layer settlement according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing member passes through the entire monitored soil layer, the bottom cover of the fixing member is inserted into the bottom of the borehole, and the top cover of the fixing member is higher than the opening of the borehole.

10. The automatic monitoring method for soil layer settlement according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pull wire is arranged on the guide wheel and is wound around once. Both ends of the pull wire are fixedly connected to the fixing member through a fixed shaft, and the pull wire between the pull wire of the fixed shaft and the guide wheel is arranged in a straight line.

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