Line contact friction tester for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a line contact friction tester for observing friction burst flow lines and friction cavitation. The driving device of the line contact friction tester is connected to the friction disc through a transmission device; the lubricating oil groove is installed on the top of the base; two first vertical guide rails are fixedly installed on the base in parallel and opposite to each other; a slide seat is installed on the first vertical guide rail; a guide rod is fixedly installed between the two slide seats; a slider is installed on the opposite side of the two slide seats; a second vertical guide rail is slidably matched on the slider; the friction plate is fixedly installed on the top of the second vertical guide rail; the guide rod is slidably matched with a sliding support; the friction disc is rotatably matched with the sliding support through a central axis; a line contact friction pair is formed between the bottom surface of the friction plate and the outer peripheral surface of the friction disc; the lubricating oil groove, the friction disc and the friction plate are all made of transparent materials. The above-mentioned line contact friction tester can intuitively display the friction cavitation and burst flow lines in line contact friction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of friction technology, in particular to a line contact friction testing machine for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation. Background Art

[0002] When one object moves along the tangent direction of the contact surface or has a friction tendency of relative motion with another object, a force will be generated between the contact surfaces of the two objects to hinder their relative motion. This force is called friction. This phenomenon or characteristic between the contact surfaces is called "friction". Friction can be beneficial or harmful, but in most cases it is disadvantageous. For example, friction during machine operation causes useless energy loss and shortened machine life, and reduces mechanical efficiency. Therefore, various methods are often used to reduce friction, such as adding lubricating oil to the machine.

[0003] When there is a low-pressure area in the lubricating oil, gas and steam may be released, that is, bubbles and cavities are formed, which may lead to cavitation corrosion of the friction surface, that is, friction cavitation occurs. During the friction process, in addition to the friction cavitation phenomenon, secondary reflux phenomenon (burst phenomenon) will occur in the lubricating layer opposite to the friction direction in the convergence area of ​​the contact elastic deformation friction surface.

[0004] However, in the prior art, it is impossible to intuitively observe the friction cavitation phenomenon of the liquid in the divergent area of ​​the lubricating oil during the line contact friction process, and the bursting phenomenon in the convergent area of ​​the solid lubrication elastic deformation contact. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a line contact friction testing machine for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation, which can intuitively display friction cavitation and flow lines in line contact friction.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions:

[0007] A line contact friction tester for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation, comprising a base, a driving device, a lubricating oil tank, a first vertical guide rail, a slide seat, a transmission device, a slide block, a guide rod, a second vertical guide rail, a friction plate, a friction disc and a sliding support;

[0008] The driving device is fixedly installed in the base and is transmission-connected to the friction disk through the transmission device, so as to drive the friction disk to rotate;

[0009] The lubricating oil tank is installed on the top of the base and contains lubricating oil;

[0010] The two first vertical guide rails are fixedly installed on the base in parallel and opposite to each other and are arranged in the vertical direction; each of the first vertical guide rails is provided with a slide seat capable of sliding in the vertical direction;

[0011] Two guide rods arranged side by side are fixedly installed between the two slide seats; a slider is installed on each of the two slide seats on the opposite side, and the slider can rotate relative to the slide seat;

[0012] Each of the sliding blocks is slidably matched with a second vertical guide rail capable of sliding in a vertical direction;

[0013] The friction plate is arranged in the horizontal direction, and both ends are fixedly mounted on the top of the second vertical guide rail;

[0014] Each of the guide rods is slidably matched with a sliding support;

[0015] The friction disc is a cylindrical structure and is rotatably matched with the sliding support through a central axis;

[0016] In the vertical direction, the friction disc is located between the lubricating oil groove and the friction plate;

[0017] A line contact friction pair is formed between the bottom surface of the friction plate and the outer peripheral surface of the friction disc;

[0018] The lubricating oil groove, the friction disc and the friction plate are all made of transparent materials.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes two symmetrically arranged loading springs;

[0020] One end of the loading spring is connected to the top end of the second vertical guide rail, and the other end is connected to the sliding block, so as to provide contact pressure between the friction plates.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a rolling bearing installed between the sliding seat and the sliding block;

[0022] The sliding seat is provided with a bearing seat for accommodating the rolling bearing;

[0023] The sliding block is provided with a rotating shaft which is clearance-matched with the rolling bearing.

[0024] Furthermore, the driving device is a four-axis electromechanical drive.

[0025] Furthermore, the driving device includes an electric motor and a gearbox packaged into an integral structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the transmission device is a symmetrically arranged belt transmission device, comprising a driving pulley mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox, a driven pulley mounted on the central axis of the friction disk, and a transmission belt sleeved on the driving pulley and the driven pulley;

[0027] The base is provided with a belt groove for passing the transmission belt.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes a controller fixedly installed in the base;

[0029] The controller is used for controlling the driving device.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] The line contact friction tester provided by the present invention adopts a driving device to drive the friction disc to rotate, and the friction plate is located on the top of the friction disc to form line contact friction; since the lubricating oil has a certain viscosity, the lubricating oil can be brought to the top during the rotation of the friction disc, and a lubricating oil film is formed in the friction area between the friction plate and the friction disc, and the lubricating oil film forms cavities and reflux during the continuous friction between the friction plate and the friction disc; at the same time, since the lubricating oil groove, the friction disc and the friction plate are all made of transparent materials, the cavities and lubricating oil reflux formed in the contact area between the friction plate and the friction disc can be observed through the friction plate, and the friction cavitation and burst flow streamlines in the line contact friction can be intuitively displayed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a line contact friction testing machine for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the centerline contact friction tester.

[0034] Among them, 1-base, 2-driving device, 3-lubricating oil groove, 4-first vertical guide rail, 5-sliding seat, 6-transmission device, 7-sliding block, 8-guide rod, 9-second vertical guide rail, 10-friction plate, 11-friction disc, 12-sliding support, 13-center axis, 14-rolling bearing, 15-bearing seat, 16-rotating shaft, 17-driving pulley, 18-driven pulley, 19-transmission belt, 20-belt groove, 21-controller, 22-top plate DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the structure, the present invention provides a line contact friction tester for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation, the line contact friction tester comprises a base 1, a driving device 2, a lubricating oil tank 3, a first vertical guide rail 4, a slide seat 5, a transmission device 6, a slide block 7, a guide rod 8, a second vertical guide rail 9, a friction plate 10, a friction disc 11 and a sliding support 12; the base 1 is the foundation of the line contact friction tester, and the base 1 can be Figure 1 and Figure 2 The hollow box structure shown in the structure in the middle has a top plate 22 on the top of the base 1;

[0037] The driving device 2 is fixedly installed in the base 1 and is connected to the friction disk 11 through the transmission device 6 for driving the friction disk 11 to rotate; the driving device 2 can be a four-axis electromechanical drive, that is, the driving device 2 is provided with four output shafts, and the four output shafts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the driving device 2; the driving device 2 can include an electric motor and a gearbox packaged as an integral structure; the output shaft extends from the gearbox; the transmission device 6 can be a symmetrically arranged belt transmission device 6, that is, as Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the driving device 2 drives the friction disk 11 to rotate through two symmetrically arranged belt transmission devices 6;

[0038] The lubricating oil tank 3 is installed on the top of the base 1 and contains lubricating oil; Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the lubricating oil tank 3 is a rectangular tank body with an opening at the top. The lubricating oil stored inside is used to supply the friction disc 11, and the lubricating oil is brought to the space between the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 for lubrication through the rotation of the friction disc 11, and a lubricating oil film is formed between the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10;

[0039] The two first vertical guide rails 4 are fixedly mounted on the base 1 in parallel and opposite to each other and are arranged in the vertical direction; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, two first vertical guide rails 4 arranged opposite to each other extend from the top of the base 1, and the first vertical guide rails 4 are all arranged in the vertical direction, and the bottom of the first vertical guide rails 4 is fixedly installed on the base 1; each first vertical guide rail 4 is equipped with a slide seat 5 that can slide in the vertical direction; the first vertical guide rail 4 provides a sliding track and a supporting base for the slide seat 5, and the vertical position of the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 can be adjusted by the vertical sliding of the slide seat 5 along the first vertical guide rail 4, and the depth of the friction disc 11 immersed in the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank 3 can be controlled, and at the same time, the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 can be controlled to be away from the lubricating oil tank 3, so that the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 are conveniently replaced;

[0040] Two guide rods 8 arranged side by side are fixedly installed between the two slides 5; a slider 7 is installed on each of the two slides 5 on the opposite side, and the slider 7 can rotate relative to the slide 5; Figure 1As shown in the structure, a guide rod 8 and a slider 7 are installed on the slide 5 at the same time; the two guide rods 8 are arranged in parallel and extend in the horizontal direction, and the two ends of the guide rod 8 are fixedly connected to the two oppositely arranged slides 5; a slider 7 is installed on each slide 5, and the two sliders 7 are arranged oppositely to provide a mounting base for the second vertical guide rail 9; the slider 7 and the guide rod 8 can move synchronously with the slide 5 in the vertical direction;

[0041] Each slider 7 is slidably matched with a second vertical guide rail 9 that can slide in the vertical direction; the friction plate 10 is arranged in the horizontal direction, and both ends are fixedly installed on the top of the second vertical guide rail 9; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the slider 7 can be adjusted in height in the vertical direction along with the slide seat 5, and at the same time drive the second vertical guide rail 9 to be adjusted in height in the vertical direction; the second vertical guide rail 9 itself can also slide in the vertical direction relative to the slider 7, even if the slide seat 5 does not move, the second vertical guide rail 9 can still be adjusted in height; because the friction plate 10 is fixedly installed on the top of the second vertical guide rail 9 in the horizontal direction, the friction plate 10 can be moved by the movement of the slide seat 5 and / or the second vertical guide rail 9 in the vertical direction, and can also be adjusted in angle by the rotation of the slider 7 relative to the slide seat 5, so that the friction plate 10 has a follow-up function, ensuring that the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 always maintain a linear contact friction state;

[0042] Each guide rod 8 is slidably matched with a sliding support 12; the friction disc 11 is a cylindrical structure and is rotatably matched with the sliding support 12 through a central axis 13; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, a sliding support 12 is installed on each of the two guide rods 8, and the sliding support 12 can slide along the extension direction of the guide rod 8; the two sliding supports 12 are located at both ends of the axial direction of the friction disc 11, and are used to rotate and support the central axis 13 of the friction disc 11, and support the friction disc 11 through the guide rod 8; through the above structure, the relative movement of the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 in the vertical direction is realized;

[0043] In the vertical direction, the friction disc 11 is located between the lubricating oil groove 3 and the friction plate 10; the lubricating oil is brought to the friction plate 10 through the friction disc 11; a line contact friction pair is formed between the bottom surface of the friction plate 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the friction disc 11; when the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 are in contact and friction, the relative position between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 can be changed by the relative sliding between the second vertical guide rail 9 and the slider 7, so as to adjust the contact pressure between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11; the friction plate 10 is a long strip plate structure;

[0044] The lubricating oil groove 3, the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 are all made of transparent materials, and the transparent material can be organic glass, plastic and other materials.

[0045] The above-mentioned line contact friction tester is supported by a base 1, and the height positions of the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 in the vertical direction are adjusted by sliding the slide seat 5 relative to the first vertical guide rail 4 and the second vertical slide rail relative to the slide block 7. After the positions of the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 are fixed, the friction disc 11 is driven to rotate around the central axis 13 by the driving device 2, and the friction plate 10 is located at the top of the friction disc 11, and line contact friction is formed; because the lubricating oil has a certain viscosity, the lubricating oil can be brought to the top during the rotation of the friction disc 11, and a lubricating oil film is formed in the friction area between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11, and the lubricating oil film is continuously rubbed between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11. In the process, convergence areas and divergence areas are formed, cavities are formed in the divergence areas, and reflux of lubricating oil is formed in the convergence areas; at the same time, since the lubricating oil groove 3, the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10 are all made of transparent materials, in the process of the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 maintaining line contact friction, the cavities or reflux of lubricating oil formed in the lubricating oil film between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 can be directly observed through the friction plate 10. Therefore, the above-mentioned line contact friction tester can be used to observe the cavities and reflux of lubricating oil formed in the lubricating oil film between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11 through the friction plate 10, and can intuitively display the friction cavitation and burst flow lines in the line contact friction.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the above-mentioned line contact friction tester further includes two symmetrically arranged loading springs (not shown in the figure); one end of the loading spring is connected to the top of the second vertical guide rail 9, and the other end is connected to the slider 7, which is used to provide contact pressure between the friction plates 10 and the friction plates 10. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, in order to conveniently control the contact pressure between the friction disc 11 and the friction plate 10, a loading spring is respectively arranged at both ends of the friction plate 10, and the loading spring is a tension spring, which is connected between the top of the second vertical guide rail 9 and the slider 7, so that the loading spring is always in a tension state, so that the loading spring applies a pulling force to the second vertical guide rail 9, and the pulling force is transmitted to the friction plate 10 through the second vertical guide rail 9, so that the friction plate 10 is pressed against the top of the friction disc 11. When different contact pressures need to be set between the friction plate 10 and the friction disc 11, it can be achieved by replacing different loading springs, and the contact pressure can also be loaded by relatively fixing the second vertical guide rail 9 and the slider 7.

[0047] In order to realize the relative rotation of the slider 7 with respect to the slide seat 5, the above-mentioned line contact friction tester further includes a rolling bearing 14 installed between the slide seat 5 and the slider 7; the slide seat 5 is provided with a bearing seat 15 for accommodating the rolling bearing 14; the slider 7 is provided with a rotating shaft 16 with a clearance fit with the rolling bearing 14. Figure 2 As shown in the structure, a pair of sliding seats 5 and sliders 7 corresponding to each other are arranged at both ends of the friction disk 11, and a rolling bearing 14 is arranged between each pair of sliding seats 5 and sliders 7 corresponding to each other, and the rotation of the slider 7 relative to the sliding seat 5 is realized by the rolling bearing 14; a bearing seat 15 for mounting the rolling bearing 14 is fixedly installed on the side of the sliding seat 5 facing the friction disk 11, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing 14 is installed in the bearing seat 15; a rotating shaft 16 is fitted in the gap between the inner ring of the rolling bearing 14, and the slider 7 is installed on the rotating shaft 16, so that the slider 7 can rotate relative to the sliding seat 5 around the axis parallel to the guide rod 8, so that the friction plate 10 can swing with the slider 7, and the linear contact between the friction plate 10 and the friction disk 11 is always maintained; the rolling bearing 14 can be a roller bearing or a ball bearing.

[0048] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the transmission device 6 is a symmetrically arranged belt transmission device 6, including a driving pulley 17 installed on the output shaft of the gearbox, a driven pulley 18 installed on the central axis 13 of the friction disc 11, and a transmission belt 19 sleeved on the driving pulley 17 and the driven pulley 18; the base 1 is provided with a belt groove 20 for passing the transmission belt 19. A transmission belt 19 is respectively provided on both axial sides of the friction disc 11, and the rotation of the driving device 2 is transmitted to the friction disc 11 through the transmission belt 19, so that the friction disc 11 can realize the rotation around its central axis 13. The transmission device 6 can be a belt transmission device 6 or a chain transmission device 6. When the chain transmission device 6 is used, a driving sprocket is installed on the output shaft of the gearbox, and a driven sprocket is installed on the central axis 13 of the friction disc 11. The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are transmitted through a chain. In addition, the transmission device 6 can also adopt a gear transmission device 6, which can include a driving gear installed on the output shaft of the gearbox and a driven gear installed on the central shaft 13 of the friction plate 11, and the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed for transmission.

[0049] Based on the various embodiments described above, the line contact friction testing machine further includes a controller 21 fixedly installed in the base 1; the controller 21 is used to control the drive device 2; the controller 21 can control the opening and closing of the drive device 2 and the rotation speed of the drive device 2.

[0050] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A line contact friction tester for observing friction flow lines and friction cavitation, characterized in that: It includes a base, a driving device, a lubricating oil tank, a first vertical guide rail, a sliding seat, a transmission device, a sliding block, a guide rod, a second vertical guide rail, a friction plate, a friction disc and a sliding support; The driving device is fixedly installed in the base and is transmission-connected to the friction disk through the transmission device, so as to drive the friction disk to rotate; The lubricating oil tank is installed on the top of the base and contains lubricating oil; The two first vertical guide rails are fixedly installed on the base in parallel and opposite to each other and are arranged in the vertical direction; each of the first vertical guide rails is provided with a slide seat capable of sliding in the vertical direction; Two guide rods arranged side by side are fixedly installed between the two slide seats; a slider is installed on each of the two slide seats on the opposite side, and the slider can rotate relative to the slide seat; Each of the sliding blocks is slidably matched with a second vertical guide rail capable of sliding in a vertical direction; The friction plate is arranged in the horizontal direction, and both ends are fixedly mounted on the top of the second vertical guide rail; Each of the guide rods is slidably matched with a sliding support; The friction disc is a cylindrical structure and is rotatably matched with the sliding support through a central axis; In the vertical direction, the friction disc is located between the lubricating oil groove and the friction plate; A line contact friction pair is formed between the bottom surface of the friction plate and the outer peripheral surface of the friction disc; The lubricating oil groove, the friction disc and the friction plate are all made of transparent materials.

2. The line contact friction testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are two symmetrically arranged loading springs; One end of the loading spring is connected to the top end of the second vertical guide rail, and the other end is connected to the sliding block, so as to provide contact pressure between the friction plates.

3. The line contact friction testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes a rolling bearing installed between the slide seat and the slider; The sliding seat is provided with a bearing seat for accommodating the rolling bearing; The sliding block is provided with a rotating shaft which is clearance-matched with the rolling bearing.

4. The line contact friction testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving device is a four-axis electromechanical drive.

5. The line contact friction testing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving device comprises an electric motor and a gearbox which are packaged into an integral structure.

6. The line contact friction testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission device is a symmetrically arranged belt transmission device, comprising a driving pulley mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox, a driven pulley mounted on the central axis of the friction disk, and a transmission belt sleeved on the driving pulley and the driven pulley; The base is provided with a belt groove for passing the transmission belt.

7. The line contact friction testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Also included is a controller fixedly mounted in the base; The controller is used for controlling the driving device.

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