Support device and tunnel support method

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a support device and a support method thereof, which relate to the field of mining technology. It is invented to improve the support effect of the support device. The support device includes: a first support assembly, the first support assembly includes a first steel structure and a second steel structure, both of which are arched, and the first steel structure is located on the outside of the second steel structure; a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a sleeve is provided on the second steel structure; a hole is provided on the side of the sleeve facing the first steel structure, the protrusion is inserted into the hole, so that the first steel structure is connected to the second steel structure, and a gap is reserved between the two. The present application is applicable to the roadway support of coal mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a support device and a tunnel support method. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst is a phenomenon that occurs in underground engineering operations, particularly in deep mining. Rock burst refers to the nonlinear dynamic phenomenon of instantaneous energy release from rock along the free surface of an excavation, accompanied by violent rock ejection. It is characterized by randomness and unpredictability. Existing support devices employ rigid support, so the stress generated by surrounding rock deformation is entirely applied to the support device. When the pressure acting on the support device exceeds its structural rigidity and strength, the support device, relying solely on rigid support to resist the impact pressure, can easily be damaged. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a support device and a tunnel support method, which can improve the support effect of the support device to a certain extent.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a support device, comprising: a first support assembly, the first support assembly comprising a first steel structure and a second steel structure, both of which are arched, and the first steel structure is located on the outside of the second steel structure; a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a sleeve is provided on the second steel structure; a hole is provided on the side of the sleeve facing the first steel structure, the protrusion is inserted into the hole, so that the first steel structure is connected to the second steel structure, and a gap is reserved between the two.

[0006] According to a specific implementation method of an embodiment of the present application, the protrusion is a trapezoidal wedge or a geometric wedge or a frustum wedge, the hole cooperating with the protrusion is a prism-shaped hole or a geometric hole or a frustum hole, and the protrusion contacts the second steel structure in the hole.

[0007] According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, there are multiple protrusions and sleeves that match them, wherein a first protrusion and a first sleeve are arranged on the center line of the arch, and a second protrusion and a second sleeve and a third protrusion and a third sleeve are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the arch.

[0008] According to a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the second steel structure includes a first straight steel, a second curved steel, a third straight steel, and a fourth curved steel. One end of the first straight steel and one end of the second curved steel are inserted into the second sleeve to form a first integral body, one end of the third straight steel and one end of the fourth curved steel are inserted into the third sleeve to form a second integral body, and the other end of the second curved steel in the first integral body and the other end of the fourth curved steel in the second integral body are inserted into the first sleeve to form the second steel structure.

[0009] According to a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the material of the second steel structure is square steel, and the sleeve through hole is a rectangular through hole.

[0010] According to a specific implementation method of an embodiment of the present application, the support device is provided with a displacement monitoring structure for predicting impact ground pressure, and the displacement monitoring structure includes a first four blocks protrudingly arranged on the inner side of the first steel structure and a second four blocks on the outer side of the second steel structure, located below the second protrusion or the third protrusion.

[0011] According to a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the second four-block is located below the first four-block, and the bottom surface of the first four-block is at the same height as the top surface of the second four-block; the initial horizontal distance between the side of the first four-block close to the second four-block and the side of the second four-block close to the first four-block is zero.

[0012] According to a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, it also includes a second support assembly, which includes a first steel structure, a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a second steel structure, the second steel structure is connected by a sleeve, and is located on the inner side of the first steel structure; the first steel structure and the second steel structure are both arched, and the sleeve is provided with a hole on the side facing the first steel structure, the protrusion is inserted into the hole, so that the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected, and a gap is left between the two, and a displacement monitoring structure is provided in the gap; the first support assembly and the second support assembly are arranged at intervals, and the first support assembly and the second support assembly are connected on the top with an anchor net.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a tunnel support method, which is implemented based on any of the support devices described above, and includes: supporting the support device in the tunnel; when the tunnel surrounding rock is subjected to impact ground pressure, the first steel structure is deformed and displaced toward the second steel structure under the action of the impact ground pressure; utilizing the gap reserved between the first steel structure and the second steel structure to provide a pressure relief space for the first steel structure when it is deformed and displaced; utilizing the pressure relief space, the first steel structure relieves the surrounding rock at least once through its own deformation and displacement, thereby releasing part of the pressure acting on the support device; at the same time, the protrusion on the first steel structure is displaced toward the hole in the sleeve, squeezing the second steel structure and transferring part of the pressure to the second steel structure, at least utilizing the second steel structure to provide secondary support to the tunnel.

[0014] According to a specific implementation method of an embodiment of the present application, the protrusion on the first steel structure is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve, squeezing the second steel structure, and transferring part of the pressure to the second steel structure, including: when the first steel structure is deformed by the action force, the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected by the protrusion and the hole through the mortise and tenon structure to allow the first steel structure to actively displace; the first steel structure is actively displaced to transfer the pressure to the external space through the protrusion to reduce the concentrated stress in the connection; the components of the second steel structure are connected by the corresponding sleeve mortise and tenon structure; when subjected to impact ground pressure, the first straight steel, the second curved steel, the third straight steel or the fourth curved steel are displaced upward or downward or left or right to actively release the pressure; the components of the second steel structure include the first straight steel, the second curved steel, the third straight steel or the fourth curved steel.

[0015] According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: monitoring the surrounding rock pressure exerted on the support device based on the status of the first four blocks on the inner side of the first steel structure and the second four blocks on the outer side of the second steel structure; judging whether displacement occurs based on the initial positions of the first four blocks and the second four blocks; if the first four blocks and the second four blocks overlap in horizontal spatial position, predicting whether impact ground pressure will occur based on the amount of overlap.

[0016] According to a specific implementation method of an embodiment of the present application, supporting the support device in the tunnel includes: after the tunnel is formed, laying an anchor net along the tunnel wall; installing the support main structure in the tunnel, including: installing a first support component, assembling the first steel structure into the tunnel, assembling the second steel structure into the tunnel; installing the first steel structure and the second steel structure into a whole; installing the second support component; and installing the first support component and the second support component at intervals to form a whole.

[0017] The support device and tunnel support method provided in the embodiments of the present application leave a gap between the first steel structure and the second steel structure. When impact ground pressure occurs, the protrusion is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve, reducing the pressure on the support assembly. Subsequently, under the action of the impact ground pressure, the protrusion and the sleeve are tightly fitted, and the second steel structure is connected to the first steel structure as a whole to jointly bear the pressure and perform secondary support, thereby improving the support effect of the support device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A structural plan view of a first supporting assembly of an embodiment of a supporting device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A detailed view of a sleeve of a first support assembly of an embodiment of a support device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an integral tunnel support according to an embodiment of a support device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A support flow chart of a support device according to an embodiment of a tunnel support method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a support flow chart of the coordination between protrusions and holes in one embodiment of the tunnel support method of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a workflow diagram of a displacement monitoring structure of an embodiment of a tunnel support method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the installation of the support device of an embodiment of the tunnel support method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is a detailed description of a support device and a tunnel support method according to an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] It should be clear that the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] Figure 1This is a structural plan view of an embodiment of the support device of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the support device of this embodiment includes: a first support assembly, which includes a first steel structure 1 and a second steel structure 2, both of which are arched, and the first steel structure 1 is located on the outside of the second steel structure 2; a protrusion 3 is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a sleeve 4 is provided on the second steel structure 2; a hole 5 is provided on the side of the sleeve 4 facing the first steel structure, and the protrusion 3 is inserted into the hole 5 to connect the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2, and reserve a gap between the two.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the support device provided in the embodiment of the present application has a gap between the first steel structure and the second steel structure. When impact ground pressure occurs, the protrusion is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve, reducing the pressure on the support assembly. Subsequently, under the action of the impact ground pressure, the protrusion and the sleeve are tightly fitted, and the second steel structure is connected to the first steel structure as a whole to jointly bear the pressure and perform secondary support, thereby improving the support effect of the support device.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first steel structure 1 is U-shaped steel, the radius of its upper semicircular structure is 2 meters, the length of the lower straight line is 3 meters, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the U-shaped steel in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel plan are 0.15m×0.15m; the second steel structure 2 is also U-shaped steel, the radius of its upper semicircular structure is 1.9m, and the length of the lower straight line is 2.9m; the length of the sleeve 4 is 0.8m and the thickness is 0.05m.

[0031] The protrusion 3 cooperates with the sleeve 5 to connect the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2. In one embodiment, the protrusion 3 is a trapezoidal wedge or a geometric wedge or a frustum wedge, and the hole 5 cooperating with the protrusion 3 is a prism-shaped hole or a geometric hole or a frustum hole, and the protrusion 3 contacts the second steel structure 2 in the hole 5.

[0032] In one example, Figure 1 As shown, protrusion 3 is a trapezoidal wedge, and hole 5 is a pyramidal hole. The lower base of the trapezoidal wedge measures 0.15m x 0.15m, and the upper base measures 0.1m x 0.1m. The upper base of the pyramidal hole measures 0.13m x 0.13m, and the lower base of the pyramidal hole measures 0.12m x 0.12m. Because the trapezoidal wedge and the pyramidal hole are narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, the two work together to ensure a tight and reliable connection between the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2. After protrusion 3 is inserted into hole 5, a 0.1m gap remains between the first and second steel structures 1 and 2. An elastic element is provided in this gap to enhance the support assembly's cushioning effect when a ground impact occurs.

[0033] In another example, the protrusion 3 is a geometric wedge, and the hole 5 is a geometric hole. In yet another example, the protrusion 3 is a truncated cone wedge, and the hole 5 is a truncated cone hole.

[0034] In one embodiment, a plurality of connecting parts are provided between the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2. Specifically, there are a plurality of protrusions 3 and sleeves 5 that match therewith, so that the connection between the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2 can be stable and reliable. In one embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, a first protrusion and a first sleeve are provided on the centerline of the arch, and a second protrusion and a second sleeve, and a third protrusion and a third sleeve are symmetrically provided on both sides of the centerline of the arch, near the straight line portion of the middle portion of the support assembly. The symmetrical arrangement of the protrusions on the centerline and on both sides helps improve the stability of the connection between the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2, while also balancing the forces acting on the support assembly.

[0035] The second steel structure 2 is formed by connecting multiple steel structures through sleeves. In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the second steel structure includes a first straight steel, a second curved steel, a third straight steel, and a fourth curved steel. One end of the first straight steel and one end of the second curved steel are inserted into the second sleeve to form a first integral body. One end of the third straight steel and one end of the fourth curved steel are inserted into the third sleeve to form a second integral body. The other end of the second curved steel in the first integral body and the other end of the fourth curved steel in the second integral body are inserted into the first sleeve to form the second steel structure 2.

[0036] When the first straight steel and / or the second curved steel and / or the third straight steel and / or the fourth curved steel are connected in the sleeve 4, they contact the protrusion 3, that is, the first steel structure 1 and the second steel structure 2 are movably connected. Therefore, when a rock burst occurs, the protrusion 3 moves inward, and the first straight steel and / or the second curved steel and / or the third straight steel and / or the fourth curved steel in contact with the protrusion 3 move upward, downward, left, or right to avoid stress concentration. Subsequently, the second steel structure 2 and the first steel structure 1 jointly bear the pressure and provide secondary support. When no rock burst occurs, after the tunnel service life ends, the second steel structure 2 and the sleeve 4 can be recycled and reused.

[0037] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the second steel structure 2 is made of square steel, and the through hole of the sleeve 4 is a rectangular through hole. Specifically, in one example, the cross-sectional size of the square steel is 0.15m×0.15m, and the size of the hole through which the sleeve 4 passes is 0.15m×0.15m.

[0038] Predicting rock burst is an important part of tunnel prevention work. In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the support device is provided with a displacement monitoring mechanism 6 for predicting impact ground pressure. The displacement monitoring mechanism 6 includes a first square block arranged on the inner side of the first steel structure 1 and a second square block arranged on the outer side of the second steel structure 2. The first square block and the second square block are both rectangular wedge blocks, which are located below the second protrusion or the third protrusion.

[0039] The displacement monitoring mechanism 6 can display the displacement of the first steel structure 1. The displacement refers to the length of the overlap between the first and second square blocks when the first steel structure 1 is deformed by force. The displacement monitoring mechanism 6 is placed below the second or third protrusion to facilitate inspection by construction personnel.

[0040] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the second quadrilateral is located below the first quadrilateral, and the bottom surface of the first quadrilateral is at the same height as the top surface of the second quadrilateral; the initial horizontal distance between the side of the first quadrilateral close to the second quadrilateral and the side of the second quadrilateral close to the first quadrilateral is zero.

[0041] When displacement changes occur, it indicates that the first steel structure 1 is under excessive pressure and deformed. If deformation displacement occurs, it is determined that rock burst will occur, and thus rock burst is monitored.

[0042] In one embodiment, a pressure sensor for predicting rock burst pressure is further provided on the outer side of the first steel structure 1 .

[0043] The indication of the pressure sensor can show the pressure on the first steel structure 1. By analyzing the pressure on the first steel structure 1, the impact ground pressure can be predicted; it works together with the displacement monitoring mechanism 6 to improve the accuracy of the prediction of the impact ground pressure.

[0044] The second support assembly is only provided with a displacement monitoring mechanism for predicting rock burst, and the rest of the structure is substantially the same as the first support assembly. In one embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, specifically, the second support assembly includes a first steel structure, a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a second steel structure, the second steel structure is connected as a whole through a sleeve, and is located on the inner side of the first steel structure; the first steel structure and the second steel structure are both arched, and the sleeve is provided with a hole on the side facing the first steel structure, and the protrusion is inserted into the hole, so that the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected as a whole, and a gap is left between the two, and a displacement monitoring mechanism is provided in the gap; the first support assembly and the second support assembly are arranged at intervals, and the first support assembly and the second support assembly are connected on the top with an anchor net 7

[0045] The two support assemblies are arranged at intervals of about 60cm-80cm along the anchor net 7, thereby ensuring that the support device effectively supports the tunnel and prevents impact ground pressure. Three second support assemblies are arranged between every two first support assemblies, thereby reducing unnecessary waste of electronic devices and reducing production costs.

[0046] See Figure 4 , the embodiment of the present application also provides a tunnel support method, comprising:

[0047] S101. Install the support device in the tunnel.

[0048] The support device can not only support the tunnel, but also withstand impact ground pressure.

[0049] S102. When the surrounding rock of the tunnel is subjected to rock burst, the first steel structure is deformed and displaced toward the second steel structure under the action of the rock burst.

[0050] The protrusions on the first steel structure are squeezed into the hole to deform and displace. This deformation and displacement method can transfer pressure to the external space, thereby preventing the first steel structure from being suddenly damaged by excessive pressure.

[0051] S103. Utilize the gap reserved between the first steel structure and the second steel structure to provide a pressure relief space when the first steel structure is deformed and displaced.

[0052] In one example, a 0.1m gap is reserved between the first and second steel structures, and a canvas bag is wrapped around the first steel structure. The canvas bag contains an airbag and a pressure relief valve, forming an elastic layer. When the impact ground pressure reaches the critical opening pressure value of the pressure relief valve on the sealed airbag on the first steel structure, the pressure relief valve opens and the sealed airbag releases pressure through the pressure relief valve. Through the active pressure relief of the elastic layer, the buffered impact ground pressure and the bearing capacity of the support assembly are dynamically balanced. At the same time, during the process of the sealed airbag releasing pressure through the pressure relief valve, part of the impact pressure is buffered and released to the surrounding rock for redistribution, and the pressure acting on the support device is correspondingly reduced, thereby protecting the support device.

[0053] S104: Using the pressure relief space, the first steel structure relieves the surrounding rock pressure at least once through its own deformation and displacement, thereby releasing a portion of the pressure acting on the supporting device.

[0054] The deformation and displacement of the first steel structure itself can prevent the first steel structure from suddenly bearing excessive pressure, release part of the pressure acting on the support device to the external environment, and at the same time play a buffering role to reduce the concentrated stress of the connection part.

[0055] S105. At the same time, the protrusion on the first steel structure is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve to squeeze the second steel structure, and a part of the pressure is transferred to the second steel structure, so that the second steel structure is at least used to provide secondary support for the tunnel.

[0056] When the protrusion on the first steel structure moves toward the hole of the sleeve under the action of pressure, the protrusion and the sleeve are tightly fitted through extrusion, and the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected into one, thereby jointly bearing the pressure of impact ground pressure and performing secondary support.

[0057] See Figure 5 Another embodiment of the present application is substantially the same as the above embodiment, except that, in this embodiment, the protrusion on the first steel structure is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve to squeeze the second steel structure and transfer part of the pressure to the second steel structure includes:

[0058] S106. When the first steel structure is deformed by the applied force, the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected by the mortise and tenon joint structure through the protrusions and holes to allow the first steel structure to actively move.

[0059] The mortise and tenon joint is a connection method that combines the concave and convex parts of two components. The convex part is called the tenon (or tenon head); the concave part is called the mortise (or mortise, mortise groove). This connection method of combining the concave and convex parts can reinforce the structure.

[0060] S107. Utilize the active displacement of the first steel structure to transfer the pressure to the external space through the protrusion, thereby reducing the concentrated stress at the connection part.

[0061] Under the action of pressure, the first steel structure actively moves toward the hole of the sleeve. Since the pressure generated by the impact ground pressure is relatively large, the movement of the protrusion is relatively rapid, and the pressure is transmitted to the external space through the movement of the protrusion, avoiding that all the pressure acts on the connection part, thereby preventing the connection part from being damaged by excessive force.

[0062] S108, using the components of the second steel structure to connect the corresponding sleeve mortise and tenon structure; when subjected to impact ground pressure, the protrusion moves toward the hole of the sleeve, which will drive the first straight steel, the second curved steel, the third straight steel or the fourth curved steel to move upward or downward or left or right, actively releasing the pressure; the components of the second steel structure include the first straight steel, the second curved steel, the third straight steel or the fourth curved steel

[0063] The active pressure relief of the components of the second steel structure can reduce the concentrated stress on the connection part and prevent the connection part from being damaged due to excessive force.

[0064] See Figure 6Another embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the above embodiment, except that, in this embodiment, a displacement monitoring structure is further provided, including:

[0065] S109: Monitor the surrounding rock pressure exerted on the supporting device based on the status of the first four blocks on the inner side of the first steel structure and the second four blocks on the outer side of the second steel structure.

[0066] Predicting rock burst is an important part of roadway prevention and control work. Rock burst can be monitored by monitoring the surrounding rock pressure on the first steel structure.

[0067] S110: Determine whether displacement occurs according to the initial positions of the first square block and the second square block.

[0068] The displacement monitoring structure can display the displacement of the first steel structure. The displacement refers to the length of the overlapping portion between the first square block and the second square block when the first steel structure is deformed and displaced by force.

[0069] S111. If the first four blocks and the second four blocks overlap in horizontal spatial position, it is determined that rock burst will occur.

[0070] In one example, whether rock burst will occur is predicted based on the overlap amount. When the overlap amount is less than 1 mm, rock burst will not occur. When the overlap amount is greater than or equal to 1 mm, rock burst will occur.

[0071] See Figure 7 Another embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the above embodiment, except that, in this embodiment, the support device is supported in the tunnel, including:

[0072] S101a. After the tunnel is formed, an anchor net is laid along the tunnel wall.

[0073] Anchor nets are used between the main support structures to prevent the falling of broken stones caused by impact ground pressure.

[0074] S101b. Assemble the first steel structure in the tunnel.

[0075] Specifically, the construction method of the first steel structure is the same as the construction method of the traditional U-shaped steel support structure. The first steel structure can be constructed according to the traditional construction method and assembled into the tunnel to complete the support.

[0076] S101c. Assemble the second steel structure into the tunnel.

[0077] Specifically, one end of the first straight steel and one end of the second curved steel are inserted into the second sleeve to form a first whole, one end of the third straight steel and one end of the fourth curved steel are inserted into the third sleeve to form a second whole, and the other end of the second curved steel in the first whole and the other end of the fourth curved steel in the second whole are inserted into the first sleeve to form a second steel structure.

[0078] S101d. Install the first steel structure and the second steel structure into a whole.

[0079] The second steel structure formed contains three sleeves, each sleeve contains a hole, which corresponds exactly to the three trapezoidal wedges on the inner side of the first steel structure. The three trapezoidal wedges are inserted into the holes respectively to complete the construction of the first support assembly.

[0080] S101e. Install the second support assembly.

[0081] Refer to the installation process of the first support assembly to complete the installation of the second support assembly.

[0082] S101f. Install the first support assembly and the second support assembly at intervals to form a whole.

[0083] The support component structure of the tunnel is spaced approximately 60-80 cm apart, so that the tunnel can be effectively supported.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this article, the emphasis of the schemes described between the various embodiments is different, but the various embodiments are interrelated in some way. When understanding the scheme of this application, the various embodiments can refer to each other; in addition, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements that are inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including a..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the elements.

[0085] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A support device, characterized in that: include: A first support assembly, the first support assembly comprising a first steel structure and a second steel structure, both of which are arched, with the first steel structure located outside the second steel structure; a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a sleeve is provided on the second steel structure; a hole is provided on the side of the sleeve facing the first steel structure, the protrusion is inserted into the hole, so that the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected, and a gap is reserved between the two; There are multiple protrusions and sleeves matching therewith, wherein a first protrusion and a first sleeve are arranged on the center line of the arch, and a second protrusion and a second sleeve and a third protrusion and a third sleeve are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the arch.

2. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion is a trapezoidal wedge, a geometric wedge, or a frustum wedge, the hole matching the protrusion is a prism-shaped hole, a geometric hole, or a frustum hole, and the protrusion contacts the second steel structure in the hole.

3. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second steel structure includes a first straight steel, a second curved steel, a third straight steel and a fourth curved steel, wherein one end of the first straight steel and one end of the second curved steel are inserted into the second sleeve to form a first whole, one end of the third straight steel and one end of the fourth curved steel are inserted into the third sleeve to form a second whole, and the other end of the second curved steel in the first whole and the other end of the fourth curved steel in the second whole are inserted into the first sleeve to form a second steel structure.

4. The support device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the second steel structure is square steel, and the sleeve through hole is a rectangular through hole.

5. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device is provided with a displacement monitoring structure for predicting impact ground pressure, which includes a first four blocks protrudingly arranged on the inner side of the first steel structure and a second four blocks on the outer side of the second steel structure, located below the second protrusion or the third protrusion.

6. The support device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second square block is located below the first square block, and the bottom surface of the first square block is at the same height as the top surface of the second square block; the initial horizontal distance between the side of the first square block close to the second square block and the side of the second square block close to the first square block is zero.

7. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second support assembly, which includes a first steel structure, a protrusion is provided on the inner side of the first steel structure; a second steel structure, which is connected by a sleeve and is located on the inner side of the first steel structure; the first steel structure and the second steel structure are both arched, and the sleeve is provided with a hole on the side facing the first steel structure, and the protrusion is inserted into the hole to connect the first steel structure and leave a gap between the two, and a displacement monitoring structure is provided in the gap; the first support assembly and the second support assembly are arranged at intervals, and the tops of the first support assembly and the second support assembly are connected by laying an anchor net.

8. A tunnel support method, characterized in that: Based on the implementation of the support device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method includes: Installing the support device in the tunnel; When the surrounding rock of the tunnel is subjected to rock burst, the first steel structure is deformed and displaced toward the second steel structure under the action of rock burst; The gap between the first steel structure and the second steel structure is used to provide a pressure relief space when the first steel structure is deformed and displaced; By utilizing the pressure relief space, the first steel structure releases pressure on the surrounding rock at least once through its own deformation and displacement, thereby releasing a portion of the pressure acting on the support device; At the same time, the protrusion on the first steel structure is displaced toward the hole of the sleeve, squeezing the second steel structure and transferring part of the pressure to the second steel structure, thereby at least using the second steel structure to provide secondary support for the tunnel.

9. The tunnel support method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of displacing the protrusion on the first steel structure toward the hole of the sleeve to squeeze the second steel structure and transfer a portion of the pressure to the second steel structure includes: When the first steel structure is deformed by the applied force, the first steel structure and the second steel structure are connected by the mortise and tenon joint structure through the protrusions and holes, allowing the first steel structure to actively move; By utilizing the active displacement of the first steel structure, the pressure is transferred to the external space through the bulge, thereby reducing the concentrated stress at the connection part; The components of the second steel structure are connected by corresponding sleeve mortise and tenon joints; the components of the second steel structure include a first straight steel, a second curved steel, a third straight steel or a fourth curved steel; when subjected to impact ground pressure, the first straight steel, the second curved steel, the third straight steel or the fourth curved steel moves upward or downward or leftward or rightward to actively yield to the pressure.

10. The tunnel support method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support device is provided with a displacement monitoring structure for predicting rock burst, the displacement monitoring structure comprising a first square block protrudingly provided on the inner side of the first steel structure and a second square block protrudingly provided on the outer side of the second steel structure. The method further comprises: monitoring the surrounding rock pressure exerted on the supporting device based on the conditions of the first four blocks on the inner side of the first steel structure and the second four blocks on the outer side of the second steel structure; Determining whether displacement occurs based on the initial positions of the first square block and the second square block; If the first square block and the second square block overlap in the horizontal direction in space, it is determined that rock burst will occur.

11. The support method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The supporting device is installed in the tunnel, comprising: After the tunnel is formed, anchor mesh is laid along the tunnel wall; Installing a support main structure in the tunnel; including: installing a first support assembly, assembling a first steel structure into the tunnel, assembling a second steel structure into the tunnel; assembling the first steel structure and the second steel structure into a whole; Install the second support assembly; install the first support assembly and the second support assembly at intervals to form a whole.

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