Openable structure

Abstract

The invention relates to an openable upper structure for a substructure (14), such as a self-propelled truck, a lorry, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container car, a dumper, a railway wagon, a building or the like, comprising a foldable frame (16), a cover (12), in particular a tarpaulin, which can be connected to a top frame (16), and a drive (70) for folding and unfolding the top frame (16). The drive (70) moves at least one at least tensile force element (71) which is connected to a distal carriage (32') of the top frame (16) and moves the distal carriage (32') back and forth depending on the actuation direction of the drive (70). The drive (70) comprises a driven first rotating body (73). An opening structure for improving the folding or unfolding of a top frame by a drive, characterized in that the drive (70) includes a second rotating body (74), wherein a first rotating body (73) and the second rotating body (74) are arranged adjacent to each other and form a driving device (75), wherein at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is wound several times around the driving device (75) formed by the first rotating body (73) and the second rotating body (74).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an openable superstructure, such as a tarpaulin superstructure, for a substructure, such as an autonomous vehicle, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building, etc., comprising a foldable top frame, a cover connectable to the top frame, in particular a tarpaulin, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the top frame; wherein the drive moves at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element, wherein the at least tensile-resistant tension element can be connected to a distal slide of the top frame and moves the slide forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. Background Art

[0002] In practice, it is known that the tarpaulin superstructure for the substructure has a drive with which the top frame can be folded or unfolded, wherein the drive transmits the movement to one or more carriages of the top frame via a tension element (at least tensile-resistant, designed as a rope or wire). The power for the drive is usually transmitted to the carriage by an electric motor pulling the tension element, wherein, due to the large forces generated, the electric motor is connected to its own functional device in the area of ​​the substructure. The disadvantage here is that space is lost for the power supply and the power supply must also be charged regularly. In addition, it is necessary to design the drive for relatively large loads, because when the dump truck is tilted, the power of the drive is also required to keep the movable parts of the top frame in the open position. This leads to high energy consumption, and the current flowing in the power grid is usually so high that the corresponding energy consumption is no longer guaranteed. In particular, if the substructure is not on a flat surface, but on a hill or at an angle to the side of the sidewalk, the known drive will no longer work reliably. The known drive is particularly energy-consuming when the moving parts of the top frame are opened as a whole and the last part of the carriage must move against corresponding resistance. Finally, the known drives are not flexible enough to reliably overcome load peaks which occur, for example, when folding the tarpaulin folding aid.

[0003] WO9633882A1 shows an openable upper structure for a substructure, which comprises a foldable top frame with a plurality of hoops to which a cover in the form of a tarpaulin can be connected, wherein a manual drive moves a single pull cord as a pulling element. The at least one pulling element (at least one of which is tensile) is designed as an annular (endless) cable and is connected to two distal parts of the hoop, each of which can move back and forth in a U-shaped guide. Therein, the coupling partially fixes the distal parts to the cable by means of corresponding clamps. The corresponding distal hoop moves forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive, and any slippage in the roller does not cause the hoop to tilt due to the annular design of the cable. Here, the drive comprises a drive roller, which is rigidly connected to a crank and can be driven in one or the other direction accordingly.

[0004] US3964781 A describes an openable upper structure for a substructure, comprising a foldable tarpaulin which can be displaced on a rigid frame which delimits the substructure upwards. A ring-shaped (endless) cable connected to the tarpaulin is provided on each longitudinal side, wherein in the front area of ​​the substructure, an electric or manual shaft is provided, which is connected to rollers on which the cable rotates. The cable is laid on the front roller once and a half and then around the rear deflection roller once 180°. The front rollers of the two long sides are provided as extensions of the shaft respectively. The disadvantage of the known upper structure is that the top frame cannot be folded and the two drive cables on the two long sides of the substructure are continuously connected independently of each other, so that in the event of resistance or slippage, the two drive cables no longer run synchronously and the tarpaulin tilts or tears accordingly. Due to the direct connection of the tarpaulin to the cable without the need to insert a carriage, the tarpaulin does not float, but folds in an uncontrolled manner.

[0005] DE10224157 A1 describes a cover for a sliding shed for a passenger car, which can be moved along parallel guide rails, wherein an electric motor drive with an output shaft drives the lower drum and the upper drum simultaneously, wherein a tension element designed as a drive cable is connected to the drive of the cover. One end is wound several times around the lower drum and the other end is wound several times around the upper drum, wherein the drive cable is guided on a further deflection roller. For this purpose, the ends of the drive cables are connected to the respective drums. An intermediate drum arranged axially between the lower drum and the upper drum is also wound several times around the drive cable and, by the movement of the drive cable, can rotate freely and follow the winding movement of the lower drum and the upper drum. Ultimately, one drum is used to pull the cover in one direction and the other drum is used to pull the cover in the other direction.

[0006] DE 1225976 A describes a cable drum which can be rotated about a bearing journal and has a toothed ring which is designed with a journal through a pinion to accommodate a hand crank in order to move the cable drum. A total of two traction cables are connected at their ends to the cable drum, wherein four cable grooves are provided on the circumference of the cable drum which accommodate each end of the traction cables when the cable drum rotates. The cable drum is used to move a sliding shed in a motor vehicle, wherein the maximum rotation of the cable drum is limited by a pin engaging in a groove.

[0007] US20150188481 A1 describes an openable upper structure for a substructure, comprising two tarpaulin parts connected to a shaft extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the shaft is rotatable about its axis for the common winding of the two tarpaulin parts and is additionally movable in the direction of one of the two longitudinal sides of the tarpaulin upper structure. Separate motors are provided for axial movement and rotational movement, wherein one motor drives rollers on two tension elements, which are respectively coupled to one end of a rod delimiting the tarpaulin parts. Here, the power supplied by the motor and the duration of the current power are recorded, and, if a safety time period of a power consumption threshold is exceeded, the power supply is interrupted.

[0008] DE 102008022870 B3 describes a device for detecting whether an electromechanical auxiliary drive for a passenger car wing is defective. For this purpose, a threshold value is calculated as a function of temperature and tilt angle as a limiting current of the electric main drive, and an evaluation unit records the power consumption of the electric main drive and recognizes that the auxiliary drive is defective if the threshold value is exceeded.

[0009] DE 10 2017 111 138 A1 describes a passenger car with a pivotable loading flap, wherein an actuator with an electric motor drives the loading flap between an open position and a closed position. A control is provided which specifies the most favorable energy closing force depending on the ambient temperature, orientation and direction.

[0010] DE 10 2012 106 804 A1 describes an actuating device for a sliding roof of a vehicle, in which both the movable cover and the movable sun visor can be operated by only one electric motor, for which purpose a planetary gear is provided, the gears of which can mesh with electromagnetically operated locking pins.

[0011] US 4203174 A describes an openable cover for a swimming pool, in which a tarpaulin can be rolled up on a roller which is arranged on one end side of the swimming pool and can be unrolled from the roller again. A fixing hoop is arranged at the end of the tarpaulin, which is connected at both ends to a circumferential tension element which is guided via a pulley with a rotatable disk mounted on an axis. The shaft driving the two pulleys is coupled to a coupling which is driven by an electric motor via a belt, wherein another coupling drives the shaft around which the tarpaulin is wound. A magnetic switch is provided to indicate whether the tarpaulin is completely open or completely closed. A disadvantage of the known device is that tilting may occur due to slippage or play on one of the two sides. Summary of the invention

[0012] The object of the present invention is to provide an openable superstructure which improves the folding in and / or unfolding of the top frame by means of a drive.

[0013] According to the invention, this object is achieved by an openable superstructure having the features of the independent claim.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, an openable upper structure for a lower structure, such as an autonomous vehicle, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building, etc. The upper structure comprises a foldable upper frame, a cover (particularly a tarpaulin) connectable to the upper frame, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the upper frame. The drive moves at least one at least tensile force element, wherein the at least one at least tensile force element can be coupled to a distal slide of the upper frame and moves the slide forward and backward according to the driving direction of the drive. The upper structure is characterized in that the drive comprises a driven first rotating body, the drive comprises a second rotating body, the first and second rotating bodies are arranged adjacent to each other and form a driving device, and the at least one at least tensile force element is wound or placed multiple times around the driving device formed by a first cylinder (first rotating body) and a second cylinder (second rotating body). This advantageously ensures that the force is transmitted from the driven first rotating body to the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element, so that the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element does not move in the axial direction of the first rotating body and / or the second rotating body and does not get stuck even when the carriage is moved back and forth several times. Conversely, the force transmitted from the driven first rotating body to the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element is reliably transmitted to the carriage of the top frame, so that it can be moved precisely and reproducibly into different opening positions. Even if there should be slippage during the transmission from the drive device to the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element, the drive consumes only relatively low power overall, so that the drive can be connected to the useful output of the vehicle battery of the vehicle that carries the substructure, and therefore no separate power supply is required.

[0015] Advantageously, at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element is wrapped several times around the drive device, that is to say around the first rotating body and the second rotating body. In this case, neither the first rotating body nor the second rotating body is completely wrapped, but is wrapped around approximately 180 degrees, so that in each case the rotating body is wrapped about halfway. Preferably, the number of wraps is selected between two and eight, more preferably between three and six, but it is particularly advantageous to wrap the drive device four times.

[0016] Suitably, the second rotating body is driven by at least one at least tensile tension element, wherein the first rotating body is rotated by the drive device. Thus, the second rotating body is passive or is pulled by the first rotating body via at least one at least tensile tension element.

[0017] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first rotating body is provided with a circumferential groove in which at least one tensile force element, which is at least resistant to tension, is guided. The circumferential groove and, in particular, the webs which delimit the circumferential groove ensure that the at least one tensile force element, which is at least resistant to tension, does not move axially according to the direction of travel, so that the tensile force element does not get stuck on the first rotating body. The circumferential grooves are respectively arranged in parallel planes in the axial direction of the cylinder and can have entry bevels for the tensile force element. The first rotating body can also have a more or less conical profile, for example the profile of a truncated cone, in which the circumferential grooves have different circumferences. Preferably, however, the circumferential grooves have the same diameter, so that the torque acting on the at least one tensile force element, which is at least resistant to tension, is approximately the same in all grooves. This avoids unnecessary tensioning on the tensile force element due to different torque loads in the individual grooves.

[0018] Preferably, radial webs are arranged between adjacent circumferential grooves, preventing the at least one at least tensile tensile element from escaping from the corresponding circumferential groove. If the drive device is driven, a part of the power transmission can also be transmitted by rubbing the at least one tensile element, which is at least tensile, against the corresponding radial web. Knurling extending parallel to the axial direction of the rotating body can be provided in the circumferential groove, which increases the force transmitted to the at least one at least tensile tensile element.

[0019] Preferably, the first rotating body and the second rotating body, each designed as a cylinder, expediently have parallel axes. Thus, by adjusting the axis distance, the tension of at least one at least tensile tension element can be adjusted, and also elongation or shortening of the tension element due to temperature or excessive use can be compensated. The force is particularly advantageously transmitted to the tension element by parallel axes. Alternatively, however, the axes of the rotating bodies can also be arranged at an angle to each other, for example if the rotating bodies are designed as cones.

[0020] Preferably, the first rotating body and / or the second rotating body have a variable spacing from each other for adjusting the length of the at least one tensile tension element. This can be achieved in that the rotating body is accommodated in the region of its axis in an elongated hole which allows feeding in the direction of the other rotating body. This is expediently provided for the second rotating body, since the first rotating body is driven by a drive and the drive then also has to be designed to be displaceable. Depending on the set distance, sagging of the at least one tensile tension element can be prevented so that practically no slipping occurs when the drive force is transmitted from the drive to the carriage.

[0021] Suitably, the second rotating body can be moved in the direction of the first rotating body, so that the tension of the tension element can be adjusted. Alternatively, the second rotating body can be adjusted in a direction without changing the distance from the first rotating body.

[0022] According to an advantageous refinement, a spring element is arranged between the first and second rotating bodies, which acts on the second rotating body or its axis in a direction away from the first rotating body or its axis, thereby achieving tensioning of at least one at least tensile tension element. In this way, a stable system is advantageously achieved, since if loads peak due to deformations of regions of the upper frame or the lower structure or obstacles must be overcome, the spring element may be tensioned, resulting in a slight equalization of the tension of the tension elements in the system. Once the obstacle has been overcome, the second rotating body assumes a distance from the first rotating body again according to the spring constant of the spring element, and the system of tension elements has its initial tension again. The spring element also damps vibrations in an advantageous manner through the drive and movement of the vehicle and the upper frame.

[0023] An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that at least the second rotating body comprises a plurality of independently rotatable disk-shaped cylindrical segments, wherein each disk-shaped cylindrical segment is surrounded by at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element. Thus, similar to a multi-pulley system, each independently rotatable disk-shaped cylindrical segment is driven individually by the first rotating body, whereby the rotational resistance of the second rotating body is reduced overall. The disk-shaped cylindrical segments can be designed in the form of deflection rollers, since they are used in any case to deflect the tension elements in the region of the substructure. Suitably, at least two, preferably three, four, five or six disk-shaped cylindrical segments are provided, which are arranged coaxially with respect to one another on the axis of the second rotating body. However, it is also possible to mount the cylindrical segments on multiple shafts, but this requires a more complex mounting.

[0024] Preferably, the force transmission from the first rotating body to the at least one at least tensile tensile force element is carried out by friction, in particular on the circumference of the first rotating body. However, it is also possible to provide recesses in the form of circumferential teeth on the circumference of the rotating body and protrusions in the form of toothed belts on the tensile force element, so that the force transmission is affected by the form fit in the contact area.

[0025] According to another advantageous embodiment, the grooves and the webs can be V-shaped, so that they deliver a partial clamping of the tensile element on the circumference and virtually exclude slippage.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, a locking pin is provided which can be pushed forward against the first rotating body of the first rotating body, the locking pin fixing the first rotating body against rotation and thereby blocking the carriage even in the non-driven state of the drive.

[0027] According to one aspect of the invention, an openable upper structure for a substructure, such as a self-propelled truck, a lorry, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container car, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building or the like, is established, comprising a foldable upper frame, a cover that can be connected to the upper frame, in particular a tarpaulin, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the upper frame, wherein the drive causes at least one at least tensile force element to move, wherein at least one at least tensile force element can be connected to a carriage of the distal upper frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. The upper structure is characterized in that a locking pin is provided, which can be pushed forward against a first rotating body of the drive and which fixes the drive and / or the at least tensile force element to prevent rotation, thereby blocking the carriage even if the drive power supply is turned off. Advantageously, this means that the drive does not have to be permanently powered to maintain a fully, partially or non-opened upper frame, which would result in high power consumption and heat generation. In addition, this effectively prevents the situation where the permissible power consumption is exceeded to hold the open upper frame in an unfavorable angular position of the lower structure or when driving due to wind. Finally, manual locking and unlocking of the openable upper structure outside of at least one at least tensile tension element is avoided so that erroneous operation cannot occur. The locking pin ensures that in the de-energized state of the drive, the rotation of the first rotating body of the drive, in particular a first rotating body such as the above-mentioned first cylinder, into which the locking pin is pushed, the carriage cannot be displaced to resist the bias of the tension element. In this way, advantageously, the carriage is not only driven but also locked by the tension element. This eliminates the need for a separate mechanical lock that must be released manually.

[0028] Expediently, the locking bolt can be actuated between an advanced position and a retracted position and, for this purpose, preferably has an electromagnetic drive which can be easily triggered in one and / or the other direction by control of the drive.

[0029] A circuit or arrangement may be provided in which the locking pin automatically advances when the actuation of the driver stops. Alternatively, the locking pin may also be advanced manually or in other suitable ways (e.g. pneumatically or hydraulically).

[0030] Advantageously, the locking pin blocks, in particular, a driven first rotating body of the drive and prevents it from rotating, so that forces can be transmitted to the carriage via the first rotating body neither in one direction nor in the other. In this way, a locking of the driven rotating body is advantageously achieved, so that it is effectively prevented that the first rotating body can introduce forces into the system, including the tension element. Alternatively, the locking pin can also block another rotating body of the system, such as the aforementioned second rotating body or the second cylinder or any deflection roller of the system. However, in this case, the upper frame may shake slightly, since the driven rotating body may try to rotate under the tension element.

[0031] Preferably, the locking pin is loaded into the advanced position by a spring element. Advantageously, this ensures that the locking pin always engages with the first rotating body and prevents its rotation when the drive is de-energized. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the first rotating body has a recess into which the locking pin can be pushed, thereby preventing the first rotating body from rotating further. The spring element can be coupled to the locking pin, but preferably the spring element is already built into the electrically actuatable lifting magnet, which then pulls the locking pin back against the bias of the spring element.

[0032] Preferably, the locking pin can be advanced into a front recess of the first rotating body, which recess is preferably arranged on the side of the first rotating body facing away from the motor. For this purpose, the rotating body suitably includes a plurality of recesses on its end face, into which the locking pin can be inserted, thereby generating a correspondingly large number of discrete holding positions. The recess can be arranged as a curved elongated hole so as to provide the locking pin with sufficient opportunity to penetrate into the recess even when the first rotating body rotates. However, suitably, a cylindrical hole is provided, the size of which is slightly larger than the outer dimensions of the locking pin, into which the locking pin can easily engage.

[0033] In order to facilitate the insertion of the locking pin into the recess, the distal end may be provided with a pointed or conical or dome-shaped cross section to facilitate insertion and centering. In particular, this increases the time available for insertion into the groove.

[0034] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the first rotating body has a disc-shaped part with a plurality of holes on the end face, which holes are designed so that the locking pin can be pushed into each hole. Conveniently, the holes are arranged on a constant radius around the axis of the disc-shaped part and are aligned with the locking pin according to the rotation angle of the disc-shaped part. Suitably, at least eight, preferably more than ten and less than forty holes are provided on the disc-shaped part, into which the locking pin can be inserted.

[0035] A plurality of locking pins can be provided so that they can be advanced simultaneously on the first rotating body of the drive, in particular when the forces acting on the first rotating body are large and can be better absorbed by a plurality of locking pins. In this case, a plurality of locking pins engage simultaneously. According to another embodiment, the locking pins can also be spaced apart from one another by a certain spacing, which corresponds to the number of locking pins, so that the accuracy of the holding position of the carriage is increased by a factor corresponding to the spacing. However, in this case, for example, only one locking pin can engage in the first rotating body, while the remaining locking pins press on the disc-shaped portion and cannot be inserted into the hole.

[0036] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, when the locking pin is engaged, the first rotating body is prevented from rotating under the load of the upper frame or under the power of the drive. This prevents the drive from consuming a large amount of energy to compensate for forces acting in the opposite direction. For example, by locking the first rotating body with the locking pin, the fully opened upper frame can be held in this position without power supply, even if the lower structure designed as a dump truck is moved to an angular position of 45 degrees or more to tilt its interior. Forces acting on the closed upper structure, such as wind, precipitation (e.g. water or snow, ice cover), and crane misdirection, do not lead to higher power consumption, so that the upper frame can be kept in the open position.

[0037] Alternatively, it can be provided that the locking pin can be advanced into a radial recess of the first rotating body. The radial recess can be a hole pattern with a plurality of holes or recesses arranged on the circumference of the rotating body, wherein the locking pin also prevents the rotating body from rotating. However, a disadvantage here is that the overall height of the rotating body is increased and the required distance to the tension element increases.

[0038] According to another embodiment, the locking pin is arranged on the end of a pivotable pawl which is prestressed in the engagement direction and cooperates with the circumferential teeth of the first rotating body of the actuator so that the upper frame is prevented from moving in the closing direction. The pawl can be designed to correspond to the engagement pawl in the parking brake so that in the driven state it is raised against the bias of the spring but does not allow the carriage to rebound.

[0039] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, in order to release the locking pin, the drive can only move against the intended displacement direction and thereby at least temporarily release the locking pin so that the locking pin can be pulled back. Such a configuration of the drive can be easily implemented by means of an appropriate control program, which ensures that the radially loaded locking pin, which otherwise cannot be easily pulled out of the recess or hole of the first rotating body, can still be withdrawn. It should be noted that, depending on the position of the substructure, the superstructure and on the loads on the respective components, the locking pin can absorb relatively large loads, which usually act in the closing direction, but can also act in the opening direction, for example, if the substructure is placed on an inclined surface. If the drive is only moved against the intended displacement direction, i.e. in the closing direction in the case of an opening, and if closing is to be carried out in the opening direction, it should be ensured that, regardless of the direction in which the locking pin moves, it is released for a sufficiently long time in the first reverse rotational movement or during the subsequent main movement so that the locking pin can be pulled out of the respective hole. The force transmitted to the locking pin by the rotatable body is essentially transmitted via the radial bearing on the locking pin. However, this is so high that it is often not possible to retract the locking pin without moving the tension element forwards and backwards due to the drive of the locking pin. In this way, it is particularly advantageous to set the displacement power of the locking pin to be small and allow the locking action of the locking pin to act via the mass of the upper frame, which acts on the first rotating body via the tension element.

[0040] According to an advantageous embodiment, the locking pin blocks the first rotating body in a form-fitting manner.In addition to the above-mentioned possibilities of coupling that can realize a form-locking connection, other form-locking possibilities are also considered.

[0041] According to another advantageous embodiment, the locking pin blocks the first rotating body by means of a friction fit. This can be achieved, for example, by pressing the tip of the locking pin against the first rotating body provided with a friction lining. In this case, it is necessary to apply a certain friction force, for example by means of a corresponding spring member. The actuation of the locking pin then essentially serves to overcome the force of the spring member. Positive locking and friction locking can be combined.

[0042] Suitably, the locking pin is electrically actuated and connected to the control of the drive. Thus, it can advantageously be advanced when the drive movement has ended or is only slightly continued. In particular, the control can keep the drive actuated until the locking pin has successfully moved into a locked position, which can be detected by a corresponding sensor. To this end, the drive can be equipped with a creeping speed, which, due to its lower drive speed, facilitates insertion into the recess in the first rotating body. At the same time, the locking pin can advantageously be connected to a signal transmitter, which on the one hand indicates that the top frame has been locked and on the other hand signals to the control that the drive can be closed without the risk of the powerless drive slipping and thus damaging the top frame.

[0043] According to one aspect of the invention, a method for opening or closing an openable upper structure for a lower structure, such as a self-propelled truck, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building or the like, comprising a foldable upper frame, a cover, in particular a tarpaulin, which can be connected to the upper frame, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the upper frame, wherein the drive causes at least one at least tensile resistant pulling element to move, wherein the at least one at least tensile resistant pulling element can be connected to a distal carriage of the upper frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. The method is characterized by the steps of engaging a locking pin with a first rotating body of the drive when not only a temporary stop position of the carriage is reached, so as to block the carriage even when the drive is not actuated; and before driving the carriage in the displacement direction, driving the carriage against the desired displacement direction of the carriage so as to disengage the locking pin and release the displacement of the carriage. Advantageously, the method implemented in a corresponding control makes it possible to automate the drive of the top shelf and at the same time to make it low-power, since the top shelf is fixed in its open position even when the drive is unpowered. The drive can thus advantageously be operated with low power, such as is available at the useful output of a vehicle battery, so that a separate power supply for the drive can be dispensed with.

[0044] A particularly advantageous superstructure is characterized in that it is prepared for carrying out the above method, in particular has a control for carrying out the method. Advantageously, this ensures that actuation and locking by the locking pin are carried out in a meaningful sequence, so that manual unlocking of the locking pin can be avoided.

[0045] According to a particularly advantageous development, the superstructure has a sensor structure or is connected to a sensor structure of the substructure, which sensor structure detects an inclination of the superstructure and / or the substructure relative to the horizontal and blocks the drive if the inclination exceeds a limit.

[0046] According to one aspect of the invention, an openable upper structure for a substructure, such as a self-propelled truck, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a metal truck, a building, etc., is created. It comprises a foldable upper frame, a cover, in particular a tarpaulin, which can be connected to the upper frame, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the upper frame, wherein the drive causes at least one at least tensile tension element to move, wherein at least one at least tensile tension element can be connected to a distal carriage of the upper frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. The upper structure is characterized in that a sensor device is provided, which detects the inclination of the upper structure and / or the lower structure relative to the horizontal plane. If the inclination exceeds an extreme value, the drive is blocked. Advantageously, this ensures that the drive is only driven if the inclination of the lower structure does not lead to a power consumption that exceeds the energy source provided or its protection. In particular, if the lower structure is arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal in the displacement direction of the carriage, it is possible that the power consumption when the carriage moves uphill (i.e. relative to a slope) is very high. In this case, the sensor device prevents the electrical system from being overloaded or the fuse from blowing and in particular prevents unnecessary replacement work. This ensures that the body cannot be operated incorrectly, which could result in the substructure no longer being functional.

[0047] The sensor arrangement also conveniently detects whether the lower structure is in motion and at the same time prevents the top frame from being actuated when the lower structure is in motion. This can also be detected by detecting forces acting on the top frame (e.g. from airflow and other relative velocities).

[0048] Conveniently, the sensor device comprises a gyroscope which is designed to determine the inclination. The gyroscope can reliably record the direction of movement of the top frame and the inclination value of the entire frame and provide corresponding reliable information.

[0049] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device is provided with an acceleration sensor which, in addition to the actual inclination, can also detect movements in the direction of the inclination. The acceleration sensor is also conveniently suitable for detecting tilting movements of a substructure configured as a dump truck, for example.

[0050] According to an advantageous embodiment, the extreme values ​​of the inclination correspond to an absolute value of the inclination angle not greater than 20%, preferably not greater than 15%, in particular not greater than 10%. The inclination can be carried out in one direction or the other, and even if the top frame cannot be moved in the direction opposite to the inclination without exceeding the permissible power consumption, it is possible to move in the direction of the inclination.

[0051] Suitably, the drive comprises a control, to which the sensor device is connected. Advantageously, this enables the possibility of triggering the drive only when the value detected by the sensor device is within an allowed range.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, data on the maximum power consumption of the drive, depending on the inclination of the substructure, are stored in the control, and when a preset maximum value of the power consumption is exceeded, the functions of the drive can be deactivated. In this way, depending on the angular position or inclination of the superstructure and / or substructure, certain functions of the drive can still be provided, wherein the effective forces leading to an increase in power consumption are stored in the control depending on the inclination value. The control can be linked to a self-learning system, which records the actual power consumption and dynamically changes the extreme values ​​accordingly.

[0053] According to an advantageous embodiment, when the limit value is exceeded, the carriage is prevented from moving upwards and when the limit value is exceeded, the carriage can be moved downwards. As a result of the above-mentioned reverse rotation initial movement, an increased power consumption may occur, but this is limited in time so that the fuse cannot yet be blown.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the driver is powered by a 20 ampere fuse from the car battery, which corresponds to the power provided by the output of the vehicle battery for a load such as a floodlight or the like.

[0055] The sensor device expediently comprises means for detecting the displacement path of the carriage so that the distance still to be covered can be taken into account when calculating whether the inclination is within tolerance.

[0056] If the substructure is designed as a dump truck, the control of the drive preferably moves the carriage into the retracted position before reaching an impermissible angular position corresponding to unloading the load detected by the sensor device. This advantageously ensures that the upper frame is opened a little before the dump truck reaches its dumping position, so that the bulk material contained in the dump truck cannot load or damage the upper frame.

[0057] Preferably, the superstructure comprises a sensor device including a position sensor for the carriage, wherein the drive is deactivated when the carriage reaches one of the two end positions.

[0058] According to one aspect of the invention, an openable superstructure for a substructure, such as a self-propelled truck, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building, etc., is produced, which comprises a foldable top frame, a cover that can be connected to the top frame, in particular a tarpaulin, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the top frame. The drive causes at least one at least tensile tension element to move, wherein at least one at least tensile tension element can be connected to a distal carriage of the top frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. The superstructure is characterized in that a sensor device is provided, which includes a position sensor for the carriage and the drive is deactivated when the carriage reaches one of the two end positions. Advantageously, this prevents the drive from having to withstand an increased resistance when reaching the end position in order to detect that the carriage has reached the end position. Instead, the increase in load when the carriage is displaced can be used to detect obstacles or interferences. At the same time, the position sensor can be used to estimate the travel distance and the associated possible travel time and the associated energy consumption in order to determine whether the required power can be provided.

[0059] Preferably, the position sensor can detect the passage of a displacement sensor arranged on at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element. Preferably, the displacement encoder is designed as a magnet, but it can also be another detectable component. The position sensor can also be designed as a field sensor capable of detecting the passage of the distal carriage. The displacement encoder is more conveniently arranged in the region of the distal carriage, or is part of the distal carriage, so that the position of the distal carriage plays a decisive role in determining the open or closed state of the top shelf.

[0060] According to another embodiment, the position sensor is designed as an optical sensor, such as a linear camera or a matrix camera, which either detects the passage of the distal carriage or a displacement sensor connected thereto, or determines the opening state of the top shelf starting from the position of the distal top shelf on the top shelf.

[0061] According to another embodiment, the position sensor detects a marking on at least one at least tensile tensile element. Thus, the position sensor can also advantageously be arranged at a distance from the distal carriage if the marking is also arranged at a distance from the distal carriage.

[0062] According to another embodiment, the sensor device detects the power consumption of the drive and determines the displacement of the carriage to one of the two end positions as a function of the increase in the power consumption of the drive. In this case, the position sensor, for example, designed as an inductive sensor, can compare the power consumption of the drive with a stored value curve. In this case, the power consumption of the drive for the folding aid for the folding tarpaulin or the like can also be stored in a control memory in the control, so that an unplanned power consumption can be recorded to indicate a fault state.

[0063] Preferably, a first threshold value is set for a power consumption defined by the driver in normal operation, wherein the power consumption of the driver is allowed to exceed the first threshold value during the duration of a first period in order to cope with an operating peak.

[0064] According to one aspect of the invention, an openable upper structure for a substructure, such as a self-propelled truck, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a railway wagon, a building, etc., is provided, which comprises a foldable upper frame, a cover, in particular a tarpaulin, which can be connected to the upper frame, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the upper frame. The drive causes the movement of at least one at least tensile tension element, wherein at least one at least tensile tension element can be connected to a distal carriage of the upper frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the drive. The upper structure is characterized in that a first threshold value is set for the power consumption of the drive, which limits the power consumption in normal operation and allows the power consumption of the drive to exceed the first threshold value during the duration of the first drive to cope with the peak of the work. This advantageously ensures that the maximum power consumption usually provided by the vehicle battery and ensured by the fuse is not exceeded in continuous operation, so that the battery or the on-board network does not overheat and the fuse does not touch or burn out. The threshold value is conveniently selected to be about 15% lower than the safe power consumption, so that random fluctuations in power consumption do not have to be taken into account. However, the energy supply that ensures the multi-purpose output of the vehicle battery is rather slow, so that a brief excess of the maximum consumption is harmless as long as the first period is not exceeded. This equips the drive with the particularly energy-intensive process of starting and pushing the tarpaulin folding aid of the upper frame, in which a large gravitational force must be overcome, with increased power consumption, so that overall the oscillating power consumption always has a load peak when pushing the tarpaulin folding aid upwards. Thus, without triggering its fuse, the drive system of the upper frame can be equipped with a power that repeatedly exceeds the rated power provided by the useful output of the vehicle battery. During the displacement of the superstructure, several first periods can be provided.

[0065] Suitably, the first threshold value of the current consumption corresponds to the rated current of the motor of the drive and is, for example, 10 amperes. If the motor is designed to be more robust, it is appropriate to take the maximum of the safe power consumption of the motor and the rated current as the maximum value of the first threshold value. The safety of the reduced threshold can be obtained from the guaranteed power consumption, for example 19 amperes, particularly preferably 18 amperes, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment 17.5 amperes. In this way, a sufficient gap is maintained with the safe power of the vehicle battery, which, however, at the same time enables the top rack to be opened and closed at an appropriate speed. On the contrary, the rated current of the motor does not need to reduce the safety of the threshold. For a relatively short period of time, the motor can also be operated with a power consumption higher than the rated current.

[0066] Preferably, the first period is between 0.0001 seconds (one tenth of a millisecond) and 10 seconds, particularly preferably between 0.001 seconds (one millisecond) and 5 seconds, and very particularly advantageously between 0.01 (10 milliseconds) and 3 seconds. Thus, the first period is long enough to start the operation of the tarpaulin folding aid, in particular when the vehicle has a certain inclination and / or the tarpaulin is loaded with snow, ice or rain, and to reduce the power consumption again after the operation of lifting the tarpaulin. In practice, the first period is a few tenths of a second, approximately 2 to 8 tenths of a second, so that when the nominal voltage of 24 volts is applied, the power consumption temporarily increases.

[0067] It is also convenient to set a second threshold value for the power consumption of the driver during the first period, which second threshold value limits the power consumption during the first period, for example, to a fixed effective output power of the on-board battery, for example 20 amperes. This ensures that the fuse does not blow even at peak operating times. If the first period is chosen to be very short, i.e. less than one eighth of a second, or better still less than three tenths of a second, the second threshold value for the power consumption of the driver can be chosen to be even higher than the protected power consumption, since the inertia of the fuse allows this. In the case of a guaranteed power consumption of 20 amperes, and a rated current of a 20 ampere motor, the second threshold value can be set to 30 amperes in order to provide increased power.

[0068] A minimum time interval between successive first periods may be provided, for example to ensure that the system does not overheat, or that a fuse can be activated despite inertia. Suitably, the interval is the duration of the first period, preferably twice the duration of the first period, and particularly suitably at least five times the duration of the first period. Thus, the interval and the distance of the first period relative to the carriage are approximately matched, so that, at least in a first approximation, the travel speed of the carriage for performing the work of opening or closing the top frame is constant. For an external observer, the movement is more uniform, jerkier and more harmonious.

[0069] The power consumption of the carriage displacement for opening and closing the convertible top rack during actuation may be recorded, and the actuation speed may be adjusted depending on whether a parameter threshold and a first period of time are reached.

[0070] The power consumption of the drive is prone to oscillation, so there is high power consumption in pushing the tarpaulin folding auxiliary device or overcoming resistance such as deformation of the lower structure, damage to the guide rails, etc., while the power consumption is lower in the remaining carriage displacement.

[0071] The drive is preferably provided electrically by an energy source of the vehicle transporting the substructure, such as a vehicle battery or its useful output. Thus, it is not necessary to equip the substructure or superstructure with its own battery or power supply, thereby eliminating the need for charging or maintenance of such energy sources.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment of the superstructure, a control unit of the vehicle controls the drive of the superstructure.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, the maximum power consumption of the drive is achieved when the tarpaulin folding aid is raised. However, it is also possible that the maximum power consumption is reached during start-up, when overcoming obstacles or when compensating for deformations of the substructure.

[0074] The maximum power consumption of the displacement movement of the superstructure depends on many parameters, including the inclination of the superstructure or the substructure relative to the horizontal. A displacement relative to the gradient has a higher power consumption than a displacement in the direction of the gradient. Therefore, expediently, a sensor device is provided, which detects the inclination of the superstructure or the substructure, and the control comprises means for determining the desired power consumption as a function of the inclination of the vehicle. In this case, depending on the inclination and on the power consumption in the non-inclined state, the driving of the top frame can be blocked if the inclination exceeds a critical threshold.

[0075] According to one aspect of the invention, a method for opening and closing a superstructure for a substructure is provided, the substructure being, for example, a self-propelled vehicle, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a building, etc., comprising a folding top frame, a cover connectable to the top frame, in particular a tarpaulin, and a drive for folding and / or unfolding the top frame, the drive causing the movement of at least one at least tensile resistant pulling element, wherein at least one at least tensile resistant pulling element can be connected to a distal carriage of the top frame and moves the carriage forward and / or backward depending on the actuation direction of the cover. The method is distinguished by the following steps: driving the carriage with a power lower than a first threshold value for the current consumption of the drive in order to displace the carriage; and driving the carriage with a power higher than a first threshold value for the power consumption of the drive in a first period of time in order to move the carriage when the operating peak required to push the cover open is required. Despite a relatively low level of protection against electricity, the method facilitates the provision of power peaks for the superstructure.

[0076] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a superstructure comprising a control adapted to perform the above method. The control is designed in such a way that the superstructure does not require its own energy source, but can use existing energy sources or their useful output to open and close the top frame.

[0077] An advantageous embodiment of the superstructure is characterized in that a camera is provided which scans at least the interior of the substructure. In this way, it can advantageously be determined whether the substructure is filled and whether bulk material or foreign matter may be present in the displacement region of the carriage.

[0078] Another advantageous embodiment of the superstructure is characterized in that a working light is provided, which illuminates at least the interior of the substructure. The working light can be powered by the same energy supply as the drive, for example, to provide the illumination required for loading the substructure.

[0079] Suitably, when the drive is driven by the electric motor, the operating light is switched off in order to avoid exceeding power consumption limits.

[0080] According to an advantageous embodiment, a control panel is arranged on the substructure or the superstructure, which control panel is connected to the controls of the drive. The control panel is expediently equipped with a plurality of control buttons and several display screens, by means of which the drive can be operated. A control button can be used to switch on the drive. Another control button can be used to close the top frame. The display screen can, for example, indicate a fault or an allowed or not allowed inclination, and control buttons for a working light or a camera can also be provided. A display screen can also be provided in the control panel to display the image captured by the camera.

[0081] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the drive comprises a control having an interface to a hotspot, in particular a WiFi or Bluetooth hotspot, via which an operating device connected to the hotspot, such as a smartphone or tablet, can be used to operate the drive. Thus, the operator does not have to make inputs directly on the control panel, but rather via an external control unit. For example, the driver of a semitrailer can remotely control the trailer's superstructure using a tablet or smartphone, while he sees the camera image on the display of his control unit.

[0082] Alternatively, the control panel may also be arranged in the cab of the corresponding truck.

[0083] External operating devices can be used, in particular self-propelled trucks in which no driver can operate the substructure or superstructure. In this case, it is sufficient for the person equipped with the operating device at the destination to identify himself as an authorized operator via the hotspot and issue the appropriate commands. This can also be done automatically by a computer.

[0084] In the case of an advantageous design of the lower structure as a dump truck, the carriage is advantageously retracted when it reaches an inclination setting detected by the sensor device, which corresponds to a tipping load so that the load does not damage the top frame, in particular the tarpaulin. In this case, the movement or retraction of the carriage can begin before the dump truck reaches its final angular position.

[0085] Preferably, the further carriage on one side of the upper frame is free from at least one at least tensile tension element. This allows the carriage to move freely on the rails of the upper frame and only the distal carriage can be coupled to the tension element by corresponding means. Alternatively, the distal carriage can be carried by a slider connected to the tension element, which slider acts on the distal carriage in only one direction, so that the slider is opened by the drive against the restoring force of the upper frame mass and closed without a drive.

[0086] Expediently, at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element extends in a cross section parallel to the guide rail of the carriage, which enables it to be coupled to the distal carriage in a simple manner.

[0087] Suitably, at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element is designed as an annular (endless), closed tension element so that the drive can move it in two directions. Optionally, the tension element can drive the distal carriage on one side of the top frame or the two distal carriages on both sides of the top frame.

[0088] The at least one at least tensile tension element is expediently designed as a wire, in particular made of steel, which is not very flexible, only slightly lengthens or shortens with temperature fluctuations and is very resistant to external disturbances.

[0089] Preferably, the ends of the at least one at least tensile tension element are connected to each other by a clamp to realize a circularly rotating tension element. The clamp advantageously simultaneously causes a connection to the distal end of the top frame. If multiple carriages are driven by the tension element, a second clamp can be easily connected to the tension element.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element is connected to the two distal carriages, which are connected to a common strut, and the pulling element drives the two distal carriages simultaneously. For this purpose, it is not necessary to provide two pulling elements, but the drive can drive both carriages simultaneously. If the top frame has sufficiently rigid end carriages, this makes it possible to drive the distal carriage only from one side, so that it is no longer necessary to drive both distal carriages simultaneously.

[0091] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element is connected to a distal carriage, which is connected to a support rod and drives the foldable upper frame on one side. It is also possible that the distal carriage is not connected to the support rod, for example when the awning folding aid has a lifting support rod, in which case at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element is connected to the distal carriage and drives the foldable upper frame on one side.

[0092] Suitably, the at least one at least tensile tension element fixes the connected one or more carriages in their position when the first rotating body is constrained in a rotational angle position.Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a manually releasable lock.

[0093] Preferably, the drive comprises a 24 volt electric motor which is readily available as a standard product on the market and which also does not require a large amount of installation space.

[0094] Alternatively, the drive may comprise an attachment for a hand crank, so that the hand crank can also be used to open and close the top shelf instead of mounting an electric motor.

[0095] According to a first preferred embodiment, the upper structure defines the upper roof opening of the lower structure in a closable manner. In this case, the cover is, for example, a roof tarpaulin to be opened or closed to carry out loading and / or unloading.

[0096] In an alternative embodiment, the upper structure delimits a lateral top opening of the lower structure in a closable manner, such as a lateral load opening of a side curtain. In this case, the awning is designed, for example, as a lateral awning of the lower structure.

[0097] The cover is preferably designed as a foldable tarpaulin, but it can also be formed from a plurality of hinged foldable panels spanning a foldable top frame. However, the power consumption of the drive for folding the panel body is significantly higher than for a tarpaulin, because not only is the moving mass higher, but the lack of flexibility of the panel body also inhibits movement.

[0098] The upper frame can also be designed so that it can be opened in two directions, because not only the distal carriage can be driven to extend the upper frame, but also the proximal carriage. In this case, the connection of at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element to the carriage is designed so that the connection only drives the carriage in one direction and not in the other. Thus, the pulling element can then be used in both directions to drive one and / or the other carriage.

[0099] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one at least tensile tensile element is directly connected to the carriage, so that the driving force can be transmitted to the distal carriage via the tensile element with very few intervening elements. Alternatively, a connecting part can be provided on the carriage, such as protruding downward from the carriage and extending into the displacement area of ​​the tensile element, so that the tensile element does not have to be attached to the substructure or directly to the guide rail at the height of the carriage. In an advantageous embodiment, the tensile tensile element is also coupled to a lever, which is pivotably connected to the carriage. Advantageously, the lever is an extension of a part that is already attached to the distal carriage, such as a distal cover, which is pivotably arranged around the axis of the lever. However, it is also possible to articulate the lever on the distal top frame independently of this.

[0100] Suitably, at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element comprises a first deflection device, around which the tension element is placed, and suitably, the first deflection device is a distal deflection roller, which can be arranged in the region of the distal carriage when the upper frame is closed. Suitably, the first deflection device is rotatable about a horizontal axis and is directly or indirectly attached to the substructure, so that the tension element can be infinitely moved on the first deflection device in an upstroke or downstroke manner.

[0101] Preferably, at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element is arranged around the second deflection device. Preferably, the second deflection device is designed as a deflection roller, which can be rotated about a vertical axis, for example in one or more regions of the extension of the substructure, with which the tension element can be deflected in a direction at least approximately perpendicular to the extension of the tension element between the second deflection device and the first deflection device. In this way, one longitudinal side of the substructure can also be conveniently actuated by the same tension element as the second longitudinal side of the substructure.

[0102] Preferably, at least one at least tensile tension element is also placed around the third deflection device, preferably the third deflection device is a deflection roller, which is rotatably connected around a substantially vertical axis to an area connected to the lower structure, so that the two upper and lower strokes from the first deflection device are coupled to the rotating body driving the tension element. The coupling can be carried out as follows, that is, the tension element is coupled to a first rotating body driven by an electric motor, wherein the tension element is wound around the first rotating body several times. If the top frame is driven from both sides, one of the tension elements is connected from the second deflection device and the third deflection device to the opposite deflection device, and the part of the tension element that returns is then connected to the first rotating body driven by the drive. It must be understood that the drive can be designed as described above.

[0103] Further advantages, features, properties and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0104] The present invention will be described below using preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0105] Figure 1 A perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an openable superstructure is shown, which is designed as a tarpaulin superstructure.

[0106] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A side perspective view of the distal carriage region of the superstructure.

[0107] Figure 3 Shown from the side Figure 1 Perspective view of the rear area of ​​the superstructure.

[0108] Figure 4 Shown from the rear Figure 1 Perspective view of the rear area of ​​the superstructure.

[0109] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the drive unit of the superstructure.

[0110] Figure 6 From Figure 3 The opposite side shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the rear area of ​​the superstructure.

[0111] Figure 7 Shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the drive unit of the superstructure.

[0112] Figure 8 A longitudinal section through a drive device is shown.

[0113] Fig. 9 Shows Figure 1 Front view of the control panel of the superstructure.

[0114] Fig.10 Shows Figures 1 to 9 Schematic diagram of the guide rail with tension element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0115] Figure 1 A perspective view of an openable superstructure is shown, which is designed as a tarpaulin superstructure 10. The tarpaulin 12 is shown in dashed lines, which are not shown in the other figures for better illustration. In addition, the outline of the container 14 is partially indicated by dashed lines, which is covered by the top frame 16. The container 14 is designed like a debris chute, in which gravel can be accommodated, but also dusty materials. Therefore, the covering of the tarpaulin superstructure 10 is suitable and can even be provided for when transporting on a truck. The front end wall of the container 14 is designed as a dump truck flap, which is connected to the container 14 via a swivel joint and can be emptied by tilting the container.

[0116] The tarpaulin upper structure 10 has a connected guide rail 20 on the outer side walls on both sides of the receiving part 14, and the guide rail 20 consists of a plurality of guide rail segments, which are fixed at a certain distance from the outer wall of the receiving part, for example, by rivets, screws or other suitable fastening devices, and there is a certain distance between the rivets, screws or other suitable fastening devices and the outer wall of the receiving part 14. Therefore, the guide rail 20 is formed as a continuous part, consisting of several parts, with a rectangular profile, in which, in the installed state, the upper and lower sides are narrow sides, and the wide side is parallel to the receiving part wall.

[0117] At the rear end of the top frame 16 in the opening direction, as Figure 1 As shown on the left side of the figure, the top frame 16 protrudes beyond the end of the container 14, wherein a generally triangular bracket or plate 22 is connected to the rear of the container, which is an extension of the outer wall of the container 14, where the guide rail 20 extends. The purpose of the protruding area is to be able to completely release the entire filling opening of the container 14 in the open state, because the movable part of the top frame 16 (still described later) can be moved there. In particular, no part of the awning upper structure 10 should hinder the filling of the container 14. The triangular plate 22 extends to a plane higher than the guide rail 20 and extends the lateral outer wall of the container 14 to the rear at this height. In practice, the sides of the container are usually referred to according to the direction of movement of the container, and the flap is usually located at the rear of the vehicle. However, in the present case, the area where the movable part of the top frame 16 gathers when the awning upper structure 10 is opened is called the rear end, and the front end is the end that is first released from the closed awning upper structure 10.

[0118] Furthermore, an end stop 24 is provided across the width of the housing, is located substantially in a plane perpendicular to the guide rail 20 , has an inverted U-shape and is connected to the triangular plate 22 at the end of the U-shape.

[0119] The top frame 16 also has a top slide 30 which is movable along the guide rails 20 and which can be opened to release the loading opening of the receiving portion 14 and can also be closed again to cover it.

[0120] The top slide 30 comprises a plurality of carriages 32 which can be moved along the guide rails 20. Each carriage 32 is opposite a longitudinal bisector, a plane arranged centrally between the side walls of the housing 14, or a plane extending in the center and parallel to the guide rails 20, and the carriages 32 are interconnected by U-shaped struts 34 having two bent corner pieces and, optionally, elongated connecting pieces made of round tubes and plugged together. This achieves a good standardization of the parts. All struts 34 arranged on the carriages 32 are at the same height, which corresponds approximately to the height of the awning 12 when the awning superstructure 10 is closed. For this purpose, the awning 12 is connected to the struts 34 by suitable connecting means, for example by buckles or belts or receptacles formed in the awning 12. The number of carriages 32 and the number of struts 34 can vary depending on the length of the awning superstructure 10.

[0121] The swivel bow 36 is also pivotally articulated on each carriage 32 on both sides of the strut 34 by a joint which is also inserted together from the cylindrical tube by an angle piece and an elongated connecting piece. The swivel bow 26 is also articulated on the end stop 24 at the height of the carriage 32, but cannot be moved along the guide rail 20. In general, the swivel bows 26, 36 can be arranged upward relative to the carriage. That is, on the legs of the strut 34 formed by the angle piece. In this case, for example, in a tarpaulin superstructure built only on a loading platform, a bow connected to a strut of medium height is sufficient. The swivel bows 26, 36 protrude at a plane angle of approximately 30° relative to the horizontal plane and enclose an angle of approximately 60° with the associated strut 34 or end stop 24. Each swivel bow 26, 36 can be rotated into an angular position of approximately 90° with the horizontal direction, and they extend substantially parallel to the corresponding strut 34 or end stop 24.

[0122] On the front pair of carriages 32', which are connected to each other by a strut 34' which is more stable than the other struts 34, a cover bow 46 is connected by a hinge on the side facing away from the rest of the convertible roof frame 16 and can be pivoted between a downwardly pivoted, substantially horizontal position (inclination of about 0° to the horizontal) and a vertical position (about 135° to the horizontal). The pivoting movement of the cover bow 46 tensions the awning 12. It can be seen that the cover bow 46 in turn comprises two (a plurality of) curved bow portions and an elongated connecting element, which are connected to the frame portion of the frontmost carriage 32' at a certain distance from the strut 34'. Between the hinge of the cover bow 46 and the strut 34', an auxiliary bow 36' is hinged in the hinge, which protrudes at an angle of about 45° to the horizontal.

[0123] A special feature of the tarpaulin superstructure 10 for the housing 14 is that the housing 14 has a high rigidity, so that the top frame 16 must follow the shape changes of the housing. These may be caused by thermal expansion, for example due to the quality of the filling material or mechanical damage, when the housing heats up or the housing deforms. The top frame is characterized in that the U-shaped struts 34, the swivel bows 36 and the cover bows 46 allow a certain elastic deformation in the Y direction, that is, the horizontal axis transverse to the displacement direction (X axis). In this way, the roof frame 16 can compensate for tolerances of up to 50 mm without permanently restricting the movement of the carriages 32, 32'. Since the manipulation of the housing 14 sometimes leads to damage to the guide rails 20, the housing 14 is advantageously composed of parts that can be loosened and replaced or straightened as needed. The angles given above also indicate the angle of the plane in which the bows are located relative to the horizontal plane - the pivot axis of the joint is in the Y direction.

[0124] The mutually facing bows 36 of adjacent carriages 32, 32' are connected to one another in the region of the corner pieces 36a by two pivot angle limiters 38. The bows 26 are articulated to the end stops 24, the last bows 36 being connected to one another via a link kinematics 138 designed as a knee joint.

[0125] The two carriages 32' connected to the frontmost support rod 34' can be driven by an electric drive 70 to move the sliding top device 30 along the guide rail 20. The drive 70 includes a tensile force element 71, which is designed as a circular wire. That is, it is closed and coupled to the frontmost carriage 32' through a clamp 71a, so that the movement of the wire 71 causes the frontmost carriage or the distal carriage 32' to shift. The drive 70 also includes a 24 volt motor 72, the output shaft 72a of which is coupled to a worm 72b, which meshes with the input shaft 73a of the first rotating body 73 designed as a first cylinder. In order to separate the parts in the event of mechanical overload, a slip clutch can be provided between the motor 72 and the first cylinder (first rotating body 73). It is also possible to provide a gear or other connection between the motor 72 and the input shaft 73a.

[0126] The housing 22a is connected to one of the two triangular plates 22 of the substructure or the housing 14, and the first rotating body 73 and the second rotating body 74 designed as a second cylinder are accommodated in the housing. The first cylinder (first rotating body 73) and the second cylinder (second rotating body 74) are rotatably connected to the housing 22a. Here, the first cylinder is fixedly mounted in the housing 22a, while the axis 740 of the second cylinder is accommodated in the elongated hole 220 of the housing 22a, the main axis of which points to the first cylinder, so that the second cylinder can adjust its distance from the first cylinder or its axis 730 accordingly. The first cylinder and the second cylinder together form a drive device 75 for the tension element 71, which is wound around the two cylinders multiple times. In this case, the tension element 71 is not completely wound around one cylinder, but always alternates around each of the two cylinders by about 180 degrees.

[0127] The first cylindrical body has a plurality of circumferential grooves 73b which extend perpendicularly to the axis 730 of the first cylindrical body and in which the tension element 71 is guided. The circumferential grooves 73b have a slightly V-shaped profile which guides the tension element 71 in a slightly clamping manner. Between adjacent grooves 73b there are arranged radial webs 73c which prevent the tension element 71 from escaping from the respective circumferential grooves 73b. In particular, in Figure 8 As can be seen from the figure, a total of five circumferential grooves 73b are formed on the first cylinder.

[0128] The second cylinder comprises four rotatable disk-shaped cylindrical segments 174, which can rotate independently of each other around the axis 740. The cylindrical segments 174 are designed in the manner of a deflection roller set. The cylindrical segments 174 each have a circumferential groove 174b for guiding the tension element 71, which circumferential groove 174b can also be V-shaped, but in the present case is designed as a stepped groove between two coil disk areas.

[0129] In order to reliably introduce the force from the electric motor 72 into the tension element 71, the first cylinder and the second cylinder form a drive device 75, wherein the tension element 71 is wound around the uppermost first groove 73b of the cylinder 73 at an angle of approximately 180°, the uppermost first cylinder segment 174 of the second cylinder is wound around at approximately 180° in the region of its groove 174b, and then the uppermost second groove 73b of the first cylinder is wound around at approximately 180°. This process is repeated for all further grooves 73b and cylinder segments 174 with grooves 174b until the tension element 71 leaves the fifth lowest groove 73b. Thus, the tension is reliably introduced into the tension element 71. At the same time, it is avoided that the tension element 71 is stuck around a single cylinder due to the drive movement. At the same time, the spacing of the tension element 71 on the two cylinders 73, 74 is ensured to prevent the tension element 71 from self-locking.

[0130] exist Fig.10 Schematically shows how the tension element 71 is placed. The tension element 71 is connected to the distal carriage 32' in the region of the connection 71a and is driven in the direction of the arrow 71b to open the tarpaulin superstructure 10 or closed in the opposite direction to close the tarpaulin superstructure 10. The tension element 71 is placed around deflection rollers 75a, 75a', wherein the two parts extending from the deflection roller 75a are deflected around deflection rollers 75b, 75b', 75c, 75c'.

[0131] like Figure 1 As shown, the distal deflection rollers 75a, 75a' can be rotated about a horizontal axis so that the tension element 71 extends substantially parallel to the guide rail 20. The other deflection rollers 75b, 75b', 75c, 75c' are respectively connected to one of the two triangular plates 22 about a vertical axis. The tension element 71 is guided from the deflection roller 75c on one side to the deflection roller 75b' on the other side, so that the same tension element 71 drives both distal carriages 32'. The tension element 71 is guided from the other proximal deflection roller 75c to the groove 73b on the uppermost side of the first cylinder of the drive device 75. After being wound several times from above the drive device 75, the tension element 71 then enters the other deflection roller 75c'.

[0132] exist Figure 8As can be seen in the figure, the lower end face 73d of the first cylinder has a ring with a plurality of cylindrical holes 73e, which are arranged at a fixed radius around the axis 730 of the first cylinder. The support plate 81 is connected to the housing part 22a that closes the first cylinder by means of screws 81a, on which the electromagnetically actuable lifting magnet 80 is arranged, the lifting armature of the lifting magnet 80 being connected to the locking pin 80a, the distal end of which points to the first cylinder. On the side facing the first cylinder, the support plate 81 has a plate 81b, which has a cylindrical hole 81c, through which the locking pin 80a can pass. When the cylindrical hole 81c is subjected to radial forces to prevent kinking or bending, it supports the locking pin 80a. The locking pin 80a is provided with an external thread at its proximal end, which is screwed into the internal thread 80c of the lifting armature 80.

[0133] The locking pin 80a can be advanced against the end face 73d of the first cylinder which forms the first rotating body of the driver 70, so that when the locking pin 80a is inserted into one of the holes 73e, the locking pin 80a fixes the driver or fixes at least one tension element 71 against rotation and thus blocks the distal carriage 32'.

[0134] The lifting magnet 80 actuates the locking pin 80 between the advanced position and the retracted position, so that the driver 70 can be released or locked according to the actuation of the lifting magnet 80. By energizing the lifting magnet 80, the locking pin 80a is retracted toward the advanced position, and the spring element already installed in the lifting magnet acts on the locking pin 80a in the direction of the advanced position. If the first cylinder rotates sufficiently slowly, when the lifting magnet 80 is not energized, the locking pin 80a can be inserted into the hole 73e opposite to the locking pin 80a and lock the first cylinder under the load of the spring element. Therefore, the lifting magnet is energized while the drive device 70 is actuated. For this purpose, the driver 70 and the lifting magnet 80 are both connected to the control 99 of the driver 70.

[0135] It is particularly important here that the circumference of the hole 73e then rests radially in the outer circumference of the locking pin 80a, which protrudes into the hole 73e. Therein, due to the connection with the tension element 71, due to the connection with the tension element 71 and its transmission of friction and / or clamping forces to the first cylinder, the entire load of the upper frame acts on the locking pin 80a through the hole 73e. This load is not insignificant, because in addition to the actual mass of the upper frame 32, the elastic forces stored in the tarpaulin 12 can also act in one or the other displacement direction of the carriage 32' and, in the case of a design of the substructure 14 as a dump truck, can increase the gravity load of the upper frame.

[0136] In this context, it is generally not possible to withdraw the locking pins 80 a from the corresponding holes 73 e using the lifting magnets 80 due to the forces acting radially on the locking pins 80 a against the load of the spring elements of the lifting magnets 80 .

[0137] To this end, the control 99 of the driver 70 is designed so that, when the operator commands, the frontmost carriage is moved in a certain direction, a short stroke or a short stroke pulse in the opposite direction is first initiated, which, if the circumference of the locking pin 80a is loaded, causes it to be released, so that the lifting magnet 80 can disengage the locking pin 80a from the engagement with the first cylinder. On the other hand, if the load is in the opposite direction, the subsequent actual displacement movement of the driver 70 causes the locking pin 80a to be released, so that the lifting magnet 80 can then retract the locking pin 80a.

[0138] The above-described method for controlling the opening or closing movement of the openable superstructure 10 or the openable superstructure 10 is stored in the control 99 , for example, as a program.

[0139] The locking pin 80a is equipped with a pulling end 80c which protrudes from the end of the lifting magnet 80 away from the first cylinder and is designed as a ring, which also enables the locking pin 80a to be manually unlocked. In this way, the main body 10 can be released even in the event of a failure in the electrical system.

[0140] It can be seen that the locking pin 80a blocks the rotatable first cylinder in a form-fitting manner and in particular prevents the driver 80 from moving the first cylinder relative to the tension element 71. Blocking the first cylinder is therefore a preferred option for simultaneously blocking the tension element 71 and preventing the driver 70 and the deflection rollers 75a, 75b, 75c from moving in the system.

[0141] Suitably, the lifting magnet 80 can be activated by applying a voltage and is connected to the control of the driver so that the movement of the driver 70 and the displacement work of the lifting magnet 80 can be coordinated with each other. At the same time, both components are equipped with a signal transmitter that informs the control whether the locking pin 80a of the lifting magnet 80 is engaged in the first cylinder.

[0142] exist Figure 4 As can be seen in the figure, the motor 72 is connected to the top of the housing 22a. The lower side of the housing 22a is connected to a support plate 81 with a lifting magnet 80.

[0143] In the region of the clamp 71 a a magnet is also mounted which can be detected by a sensor device in order to determine the position of the distal carriage 32 ′ and thus the degree of opening of the upper frame 16 .

[0144] like Fig. 9As shown, the drive 70 also has a sensor device 91 designed as a gyroscope, which is accommodated in the region of the control panel 90. The sensor device 91 can also be accommodated in the substructure 14 in the superstructure 10, or in the vehicle transporting them.

[0145] The sensor device 91 is connected to the control 99 of the drive 70. The sensor device 91 can determine the inclination of the superstructure 10 relative to the horizontal plane. The extreme values ​​of the permissible inclination angle are stored in the control. If the extreme values ​​are exceeded, the drive 70 will stop operating. The control panel is attached close to the drive device 75, but in addition or alternatively, the control panel 90 can be accommodated in the cab of the vehicle transporting the substructure 14.

[0146] The control panel 90 includes a first button 92a for moving the top frame in an opening direction by the driver 70 and a second button 92b for moving the top frame in a closing direction by the driver 70. Both buttons 92a, 92b are connected to a control 99 of the driver 70. Another button 92c enables a work light that illuminates the interior of the substructure 14 to be turned on or off. Another button 92d enables a camera that observes the interior of the substructure 14 to be turned on or off.

[0147] When a display screen 93a on the control panel 90 is lit, the signal indicates a fault in the electrical system. Another display screen 93b, when lit, sends another fault signal. Another display screen 93c, when lit, sends a signal that the permissible tilt angle has been exceeded. All buttons and displays are connected to the control 99 of the drive 70. The control panel is arranged close to the drive device 75.

[0148] The drive 70 comprising the electric motor 72 is connected to the useful output of a 24 volt energy source of the vehicle transporting the substructure 14, so that there is no need to power the substructure 14, the superstructure 10 or the Figure 1 The control denoted by 99 in the figure is additionally equipped. The useful output of the vehicle battery of the truck is limited to a certain power consumption, however, since common applications such as searchlights do not represent high power consumption. Usually, the useful output is fused by a current of 20 amperes.

[0149] In order to prevent the fuse from being blown, it is advantageous to set a first threshold value for the current consumption of the driver 70, which limits the power consumption of the driver 70 in normal operation. According to the design, the first threshold value is approximately 85% to 100% of the protected current, and in the present case is the rated current of the motor 72, i.e. 10 amperes.

[0150] However, certain parts of the travel path of the top frame 16 along the guide rails 20 require handling of work peaks, which may not be handled with the power consumption limited by the first threshold. This may be the result of situations such as when ice or snow covers the awning 12, or when the lower structure 14 and the lower structure 10 are placed in such a way that a slope must be mastered or the weight is unevenly distributed on the two front carriages 32'. In addition, work peaks are recorded at the beginning of the opening movement, because the relatively large cover member 46 of the top frame 16 must be pivoted to a raised position, wherein the pivoting work is completed by a stop, against which the lever of the cover member 46 hits. When the awning folding aid for the awning 12, which is realized by two bows 36 connected to each other by a pivoting angle limiter 38, has to be pushed open. In this embodiment, the work peaks are lower, but if the awning folding aid is arranged in a horizontal position close to the dead center, the erection would be more energy-consuming.

[0151] In order to avoid overloading the electric motor 72, a first time period is provided in which the power consumption of the drive in normal operation and therefore a first threshold value for the power consumption can be exceeded in order to cope with the operating peak, but not for more than 3 seconds. A second threshold value is also provided within the first time period, which does not exceed 20 amperes of the power consumption of the drive, in order to avoid triggering the power fuse. In practice, it is sufficient to provide the additional power for only a few tenths of a second. A second threshold value of 85% of the maximum value, for example 17 amperes, can be selected for the power consumption, but it does not necessarily have to be. The on-board network is relatively slow to fuse and the temperature development in the area of ​​the on-board electrical system is not too strong.

[0152] Suitably, a minimum time interval is provided between two consecutive first time periods, which time interval prevents the drive power consumption from exceeding the first threshold value for too short a time in succession, wherein the minimum time interval is selected according to the duration of the first time period, i.e. 3 seconds. If the control 99 is to push open the cover member 48 and lift the awning folding aid 36, the result is a corresponding slow movement of the distal carriage 32' over the entire length of the guide 20 until the top frame 16 is completely folded and the corresponding opening in the lower structure is released.

[0153] If the top shelf 16 can or should be opened faster overall, the value of the first period and the correspondingly shorter value of the minimum time interval can be set. A more powerful motor 72 can also be built in, which has a higher rated current of, for example, 20 amperes, so that the rated power can be approximately doubled. For operating peaks, the power consumption can increase to more than 20 amperes in the first period.

[0154] Alternatively, the expected power consumption of the driver 70 can also be determined by the control 99 in an arithmetic operation, whereby the driving speed of the tension element 71 can be set according to the dynamically determined parameters, the first threshold value and the first period.

[0155] In particular, the above embodiment ensures that the power consumption of the on-board battery is not exceeded even if the operator changes the opening direction several times and thus spends a long time in the area of ​​the lifted cover member 46 or the tarpaulin folding aids 36 , 38 .

[0156] At the same time, the power consumption of the drive may be monitored by the control in order to determine whether an unforeseen obstacle is preventing or hindering the opening and closing of the superstructure 10 .

[0157] Furthermore, the control provides that, when the drive is stopped, the power consumption of the drive may also exceed the first threshold value, in order to ensure that the locking pin 80 a is engaged in the first rotating body 73 in any case.

[0158] The user can input corresponding commands through the control panel 90, but when the external computer is connected to the hotspot, the external computer can also input control commands through the Bluetooth hotspot (not shown). In the same way, the image from the camera and other data on the computer (which can also be a tablet or smart phone) can be displayed.

[0159] The present invention has been described above using an embodiment in which the locking of the distal carriage 32' is performed by means of the locking pin 80a, the first rotating body 73 and the tension element 71. It is also possible to provide a locking of the upper frame with the lower structure.

[0160] The invention has been described above based on an embodiment in which the opening and closing action can be initiated from the distal carriage 32'. It must be understood that in another embodiment, the proximal carriage 32 of the top frame can also be coupled to the tension element 71, so that the top frame can also be opened in another direction or in two directions.

[0161] The invention has been described above on the basis of an embodiment in which the tension element 71 drives the top frame on two distal carriages 32', which are connected to each other via the strut 34'. If the top frame is designed to be sufficiently stable, the drive can also be carried out only from one side, in which case the end carriages of the top frame ensure that the forces are evenly transmitted to the carriages on both sides.

[0162] The invention has been described above on the basis of an embodiment in which the struts 34, 34' are designed essentially as U-shaped bows. It must be understood that, in addition to the U-shaped bows, elongated hoops can also connect the opposing carriages 32 to one another, which then no longer extend upwards from the carriages. It is also possible that the carriages opposite to the longitudinal bisector of the tarpaulin superstructure are not connected to one another via stationary struts, but only via bows, such as bow 36, which are hinged to the carriages. However, the hinged connection here can include folding plates, as known from sliding roofs for truck superstructures, with so-called lifting hoops.

[0163] The invention has been described above based on an embodiment in which the operator controls the controls using commands for opening and closing the top rack. It must be understood that, in particular in the case of self-propelled systems, the commands can also be issued in an automatic or computer-controlled manner, for example when a self-propelled commercial vehicle is to be loaded or unloaded.

Claims

1. An openable upper structure for a lower structure (14), the lower structure comprising a self-propelled truck, a truck, a semitrailer, a trailer, a container truck, a dump truck, a tram, a building; the upper structure comprising Foldable top shelf (16), a tarpaulin (12) connected to the top frame (16), and a drive (70) for folding and / or unfolding the top frame (16); wherein the drive (70) moves at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71), The at least one tensile force element (71) is connected to the distal carriage (32') of the top frame (16) and moves the distal carriage (32') back and forth according to the actuation direction of the driver (70), The driver (70) comprises a driven first rotating body (73), It is characterized in that The driver (70) comprises a second rotating body (74), the first rotating body (73) and the second rotating body (74) are arranged adjacent to each other and form a driving device (75), and The at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is partially wound around the first rotating body (73) and the second rotating body (74) alternately for several times; The first rotating body (73) has a first axis (730), the second rotating body (41) has a second axis (740), and the first axis (730) and the second axis (740) are spaced apart from each other.

2. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is wound at least three times around the drive device (75).

3. The openable upper structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second rotating body (74) is driven by the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71), and the first rotating body (73) is rotated by the electric motor (72) of the drive (70).

4. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rotating body (73) is designed as a cylinder and has a circumferential groove (73b) in which at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is guided.

5. The openable upper structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Radial webs (73c) are arranged between adjacent circumferential grooves (73b) and prevent the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) from escaping from the corresponding circumferential groove (73b).

6. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first axis (730) and the second axis (740) are parallel.

7. The openable upper structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first rotating body (73) and / or the second rotating body (74) have a variable distance from each other in order to adjust the length of at least the tensile-resistant tension element (71).

8. The openable upper structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second rotating body (74) is displaceable in the direction of the first rotating body (73), and by displacing the second rotating body (74), the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is adjustable.

9. The openable upper structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A spring component is arranged between the first rotating body (73) and the second rotating body (74), and acts on the second rotating body (74) in a direction away from the first rotating body (73), so that the at least one tension element (71) that is at least resistant to tension obtains a tensile force.

10. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least the second rotating body (74) comprises a plurality of independently rotatable disk-shaped cylindrical segments (174), wherein the disk-shaped cylindrical segments (174) are respectively wrapped by the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71).

11. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power from the first rotating body (73) is transmitted to the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) by friction.

12. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A locking pin (80a) is provided which can be pushed toward a portion of the first rotating body (73), The locking pin (80a) is pressed against the first rotating body (73) to prevent it from rotating, thereby locking the distal carriage (32') even when the driver (70) is not driven.

13. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that The locking pin (80a) is electromagnetically actuated between an advanced position and a retracted position.

14. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin (80a) is loaded by a spring element in an advanced position, and the locking pin (80a) can be retracted from the advanced position by a lifting device (80) to resist the loading of the spring element.

15. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin (80a) blocks the driven first rotating body (73) of the driver (70), and the locking pin (80a) can be pushed into the hole (73e) of the first rotating body (73).

16. The openable upper structure according to claim 15, characterized in that The first rotating body (73) designed as a first cylinder has a disk-shaped portion (73d) having a plurality of holes (73e) on one end surface, the locking pin (80a) being pushed into each hole (73e), and when the locking pin (80a) is engaged, the first rotating body (73) is prevented from rotating under the load of the top frame (16) or under the power of the driver (70).

17. The openable upper structure according to claim 15, characterized in that The locking pin can be pushed into a radial recess of the first rotating body (73).

18. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin is arranged at the end of a pivotable pawl, the pivotable pawl is pre-tensioned in the meshing direction and interacts with the circumferential teeth of the first rotating body (73), thereby preventing the top frame (16) from shifting in the closing direction.

19. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: In order to release the locking pin (80a), the drive (70) is initially moved counter to the intended displacement direction, and the locking pin (80a) is thereby at least temporarily released, so that the locking pin (80a) can be retracted.

20. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin (80a) blocks the first rotating body (73) in a form-fitting manner.

21. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin frictionally blocks the first rotating body.

22. The openable upper structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The locking pin (80a) is electrically actuated and connected to a control (99) of the actuator (70).

23. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A sensor device (91) is provided which detects the inclination of the superstructure (10) and / or the substructure (14) relative to the horizontal plane and blocks the drive (70) when the inclination exceeds a limit value.

24. The openable superstructure according to claim 23, characterized in that The sensor device (91) comprises a gyroscope.

25. The openable superstructure according to claim 23, characterized in that The sensor device (91) comprises an accelerometer.

26. The openable superstructure according to claim 23, characterized in that The maximum value of the inclination is 10%.

27. The openable superstructure according to claim 23, characterized in that The driver (70) includes a control (99), and the sensor device (91) is connected to the control (99).

28. The openable superstructure according to claim 27, characterized in that The control (99) stores data for a maximum power consumption of the drive (70) depending on the inclination of the substructure (14), and disables the power consumption of the drive (70) when a preset maximum value is exceeded.

29. The openable upper structure according to claim 23, characterized in that If the limit value is exceeded, the distal carriage (32') is prevented from moving upward; if the limit value is exceeded, the distal carriage (32') is moved downward.

30. The openable upper structure according to claim 23, characterized in that The driver (70) is powered by a vehicle battery with a power supply not exceeding 20A.

31. The openable upper structure according to claim 23, characterized in that The sensor device (91) comprises means for detecting the displacement path of the distal carriage (32').

32. The openable upper structure according to claim 23, characterized in that When the substructure (14) is designed as a dump truck, the control (99) of the drive (70) displaces the distal carriage (32') into a retracted position, which corresponds to load unloading, before the sensor device (91) detects an impermissible angular position.

33. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor device (91) is provided, which includes a position sensor for the distal carriage (32'), and When the distal carriage (32') reaches one of the two end positions, the drive (70) stops.

34. The openable superstructure according to claim 33, characterized in that The position sensor detects a displacement sensor arranged on the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71).

35. The openable superstructure according to claim 33, characterized in that The position sensor is designed as an optical sensor.

36. The openable upper structure according to claim 33, characterized in that The position sensor detects a marking on the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71).

37. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that Setting a first threshold value for the current consumption of the driver (70) which limits the power consumption of the driver (70) in normal operation; and The power consumption of the driver (70) is allowed to exceed a first threshold value for a duration of a first period in order to cope with a peak in operation.

38. The openable superstructure according to claim 37, characterized in that A first threshold value for the current consumption corresponds to a rated current of an electric motor (72) of the drive (70).

39. The openable upper structure according to claim 37, characterized in that The first time period is between 0.0001 seconds and 10 seconds.

40. The openable upper structure according to claim 37, characterized in that A minimum time interval is set between two consecutive first time periods, during which power consumption is allowed to exceed the first threshold, during which power consumption of the driver (70) is limited in normal operation, and the minimum time interval is at least as long as the first time period.

41. The openable upper structure according to claim 37, characterized in that The working peak is achieved by lifting the folding device (36) for the awning (12), or by starting an opening movement or by swinging the top frame upwards.

42. The openable upper structure according to claim 37, characterized in that The control (99) of the driver (70) determines the expected power consumption of the driver (70) and dynamically adjusts the driving speed of the tension element (71) to the parameters of the first threshold and the first time period according to the power consumption.

43. The openable upper structure according to claim 42, characterized in that When setting the parameters, the control (99) takes into account the detected inclination of the superstructure (10) relative to the horizontal.

44. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The power consumption of the driver (70) is in an oscillating form.

45. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The drive (70) is powered by the power used to transport the substructure (14).

46. ​​The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The control of the lower structure controls the drive (70) of the upper structure.

47. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A camera is provided, the camera at least scanning the interior of the lower structure (14).

48. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A working light is provided, which illuminates at least the interior of the substructure (14).

49. The openable superstructure according to claim 48, characterized in that When the driver (70) is driven by the electric motor, the working light is turned off.

50. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A control panel (90) is arranged on the lower structure (14) or the upper structure (10), and the control panel is connected to the control of the drive (70), and includes a plurality of control buttons (92a, 92b, 92c, 92d) and a plurality of display screens (93a, 93b, 93c), and the drive (70) is driven by the plurality of control buttons (92a, 92b, 92c, 92d) and the plurality of display screens (93a, 93b, 93c).

51. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driver (70) comprises a control (99), wherein the control (99) has an interface for connecting to a hotspot, the hotspot comprising a WiFi hotspot or a Bluetooth hotspot, and the driver can be operated using an operating device connected to the hotspot, the operating device comprising a smartphone or a tablet computer.

52. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A further carriage (32) on one side of the upper frame (16) is free from the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71).

53. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) extends parallel to the guide rail (20) of the distal carriage (32').

54. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is designed as an annular, closed tension element (71).

55. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) is designed as a wire.

56. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The ends of the at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) are connected to each other by means of a clamp which is simultaneously connected to the distal carriage (32') of the top frame.

57. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element (71) is connected to two distal carriages (32'), which are connected to a common support rod (34) and drive the two distal carriages (32') simultaneously.

58. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element (71) is connected to a distal carriage (32'), which is connected to the support rod (34) and drives the foldable top frame (16) on one side.

59. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least one at least tensile-resistant tension element (71) secures the connected distal carriage or carriages (32') in their position.

60. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive (70) includes a 24V electric motor (72).

61. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive includes an attachment for a hand crank.

62. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper structure (10) defines an upper top opening of the lower structure (14) in a closable manner, and the tarpaulin (12) is a vehicle roof tarpaulin.

63. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper structure defines a lateral top opening of the lower structure in a closable manner, and the awning is a lateral awning.

64. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top frame (16) can be opened in two directions.

65. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one at least tensile-resistant pulling element (71) is coupled to a lever which is pivotally connected to the distal carriage (32').

66. The openable upper structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one tensile force element (71) that is at least resistant to tension is placed around a first deflection device (75a; 75a'); the at least one tensile force element (71) that is at least resistant to tension is placed around a second deflection device (75b; 75b'); the at least one tensile force element (71) that is at least resistant to tension is placed around a third deflection device (75c; 75c'); and the at least one tensile force element (71) that is at least resistant to tension is placed around at least one driving first rotating body (73).

67. A method of controlling an openable superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes steps: When the temporary stop position of the distal carriage (32') has been reached, the control (99) of the driver (70) engages the locking pin (80a) with the first rotating body (73) of the driver (70) so as to block the distal carriage (32') even when the driver (70) is not driven; and When the distal carriage (32') is driven in the displacement direction, the control (99) of the driver (70) drives the distal carriage (32') in the desired displacement direction of the distal carriage (32') to disengage the locking pin (80a) and release the displacement of the distal carriage (32').

68. A method of controlling an openable superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes steps: driving the distal carriage (32') at a power lower than a first threshold value for power consumption of the driver (70) to displace the distal carriage (32'); and The distal carriage (32') is driven at a power above a first threshold for power consumption of the driver (70) during a first period of time so as to move the distal carriage (32') when a peak in work is required by pushing aside the tarpaulin (12).

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