Energy storage device and dynamic excavation method suitable for rock burst section of tunnel

Abstract

The present invention provides an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method suitable for rock burst sections of tunnels, comprising the following steps: real-time monitoring of the ground stress of the advance pilot tunnel for advanced geological prediction, clarifying the overall impact of excavation technology on ground stress, and selecting a suitable excavation time; by designing the excavation footage radius and depth in stages, as the excavation footage gradually deepens, the radius of each level of excavation gradually increases with the depth of excavation, and the footage depth of each level gradually decreases with the depth of excavation; after the excavation time is reached, advance excavation is carried out at the center of the tunnel face, and an energy storage device is used for energy storage, water injection, and ground stress detection; as the advance excavation footage is carried out, the energy storage device is gradually pushed forward. By adopting this scheme, ground stress can be released step by step, medium and strong rock bursts can be decomposed into controllable continuous slight rock bursts, and the energy storage device can be used to absorb and store rock burst energy, and high-pressure water injection can be carried out, which can greatly release the surrounding rock stress of medium and strong rock burst sections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock burst section safety protection, and in particular to an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method suitable for rock burst sections of tunnels. Background Art

[0002] Rockburst is a dynamic destructive phenomenon in which surrounding rock blocks are suddenly and violently ejected, thrown and ejected into the excavation space after excavation in underground projects. The unique mechanical characteristics of rockburst are reflected in its locality, suddenness, concealment, hysteresis, lack of precursors, high initial velocity and high impact kinetic energy, which can often cause serious casualties and economic losses in underground projects.

[0003] In recent years, the number of deep buried tunnels in my country has gradually increased. With the increase of buried depth, the ground stress has increased significantly, which has aggravated the destructiveness and frequency of rock bursts in deep buried tunnel projects. After multiple rock burst disasters, the prevention and control of rock bursts has become a bottleneck problem restricting the safe construction of deep buried tunnel projects.

[0004] Rockburst is one of the world's underground engineering problems, especially in moderate and severe rockburst sections. There are no innovative and effective methods for rockburst prediction and prevention measures at home and abroad, and passive protection is still the main treatment for rockburst.

[0005] Further optimization of the assembly process and construction method of the rockburst section of the tunnel is undoubtedly of great significance to the structural design and safety. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of further optimizing the assembly process and construction method of the rock burst section of the tunnel, which is undoubtedly of great significance to the structural design and safety, the present invention provides an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method suitable for the rock burst section of the tunnel. By adopting this scheme, the ground stress can be released step by step, and the moderate and strong rock bursts can be decomposed into controllable continuous slight rock bursts, and the slight rock bursts can be actively guided to occur in the advanced pilot tunnel. The energy storage device is placed in the energy release zone to absorb and store the rock burst energy, and high-pressure water injection is carried out to soften the surrounding rock, which can greatly release the surrounding rock stress of the moderate and strong rock burst sections.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an energy storage device suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel, comprising a shell and an energy absorption device arranged in the rock burst section;

[0008] The energy absorption device includes an energy absorption button and a battery. The energy absorption button is arranged outside the shell, and the battery is arranged inside the shell. Rocks splashed by the rock burst section will hit the energy absorption button, and the energy absorption button converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery.

[0009] When this scheme is in operation, when a rockburst occurs in a medium or strong rockburst section, the rock instantly bursts out a lot of energy and splashes everywhere in the guide tunnel. At this time, the device is placed in the rockburst space, and some of the splashed rocks will hit the energy absorption button on the shell, causing the energy absorption button to be squeezed. The energy absorption button is connected to the battery in the shell. At this time, the energy absorption button can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through squeezing, and transmit the electrical energy to the battery for storage. The electrical energy stored in the battery can be used to propel the energy storage device or provide detonation energy, etc., which has great economic benefits.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a generator arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption button, and the energy absorption button is squeezed downward to drive the rotor in the generator to rotate and cut the magnetic field. The generator stores electrical energy in a battery through a rectifier.

[0011] When this scheme is in operation, a generator is arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption button. The generator adopts a small generator and is arranged on the inside of the shell. When the flying rocks hit the energy absorption button, the energy absorption button is squeezed downward to drive the rotor in the generator to rotate. The rotation of the rotor can cut the magnetic field and generate alternating current. The alternating current generated by the generator is then converted into direct current through a current stabilizing device, and the direct current is transmitted to the battery for storage.

[0012] Furthermore, there are multiple energy absorbing buttons and generators.

[0013] When this scheme is in operation, because there are many flying rocks and the operation is irregular, in order to improve the efficiency of storing electric energy, multiple energy absorption buttons are arranged on the shell, and generators are arranged at the bottom of the multiple energy absorption buttons. The multiple generators are connected to the current stabilizing device to store the electric energy in the battery.

[0014] Furthermore, a flat jack is provided at one end of the shell, and the flat jack is inserted into the surrounding rock.

[0015] When this scheme is put into operation, during the rock burst of the surrounding rock, the splashing rocks will be ejected, thrown and ejected into the excavation space in a sudden and violent manner, causing a strong impact force. In order to enable the normal operation of this device, a flat jack is set at one end of the shell and inserted into the surrounding rock. The flat jack is mainly used in narrow places and construction sites with small spatial positions. The flat jack has the characteristics of light weight, large tonnage, flexible mobility and good operating ability. The flat jack is connected by a high-pressure hose to achieve long-distance operation. The flat jack can better stabilize the shell and will not move the shell due to the impact of the rock burst.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a water injection device, which includes a water sprinkler and a water tank. The water tank is located inside the shell, and the water sprinkler is located outside the shell. The water tank supplies water to the water sprinkler, and the water sprinkler sprays water at high pressure on the surrounding rock of the rock burst section.

[0017] When this scheme is in operation, a water injection device is also arranged in the shell, and the water injection device includes a sprinkler and a water tank. The water tank is used for the sprinkler to arch water. The sprinkler can spray water at high pressure to the surrounding rock of the rock burst section to soften the rock and cool the geothermal heat, thereby gradually reducing the possibility of rock burst.

[0018] Furthermore, in order to enable the device to move forward along with the extension of underground engineering excavation, it is configured as follows: tires are provided at the bottom of the shell.

[0019] Furthermore, a dynamic excavation method comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1: Real-time monitoring of the ground stress of the pilot tunnel for advanced geological prediction, clarifying the overall impact of excavation technology on ground stress, and selecting the appropriate excavation time;

[0021] S2: By designing the excavation radius and depth in stages, as the excavation progresses, the radius of each level of excavation gradually increases, and the depth of each level of excavation gradually decreases;

[0022] S3: When the excavation time arrives, advance excavation is carried out at the center of the tunnel face, and energy storage devices are used for energy storage, water injection and ground stress detection;

[0023] S4: As the advance excavation progresses, the energy storage device is gradually pushed forward.

[0024] Furthermore, the step S1 also includes the following sub-steps: while monitoring the ground stress of the advance pilot tunnel in real time, microseismic monitoring technology should be combined to perform advanced geological forecasting.

[0025] Furthermore, the step S4 also includes the following sub-steps: during the advance excavation process, the next level of advance excavation can be manually selected and adjusted according to the excavation effect of the previous level and the monitoring data.

[0026] Furthermore, the advance excavation adopts smooth blasting technology.

[0027] Principle of this solution: Traditional rock burst treatment methods are all passive protection. The present invention decomposes moderate and severe rock bursts into controllable continuous slight rock bursts through multi-stage excavation, actively detonates, and converts part of the rock burst energy into electrical energy required by the device. High-pressure water injection is carried out during each stage of excavation to soften the surrounding rock, combined with real-time monitoring and advance forecasting, so as to carry out the next level of circulation work.

[0028] When this solution is specifically operated, the rockburst excavation section is confirmed, and the advanced geological prediction is carried out according to the in-situ stress of the advanced pilot tunnel monitored in real time to clarify the overall impact of the excavation technology on the in-situ stress, and an appropriate excavation time is selected. Among them, smooth blasting technology is required for advanced excavation; after determining the excavation time, first design the staged excavation process, and it is preferably to carry out advanced excavation in 3 stages. Advanced excavation is carried out in stages with radii of R1, R2, and R3 at the center of the tunnel face respectively, where R1 < R2 < R3. The advance footage of the first stage excavation is preferably 20m, the advance footage of the second stage excavation is preferably 10m, and the advance footage of the third stage excavation is preferably 2 - 3m. Among them, the excavation radii R1, R2, and R3 should be selected in combination with the specific project. R1 can take 1 / 8 - 1 / 4 of the tunnel diameter, R2 can take 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 of the tunnel diameter, and R3 is manually selected according to the excavation effects of the first two stages and the monitoring data. The in-situ stress is mainly released through the action of the excavation methods and devices of the first two stages. However, for complex on-site situations, excavation can be carried out up to the fourth stage if necessary.

[0029] After the excavation time arrives, the energy storage device is placed in the rockburst section and advanced excavation begins. The energy storage device mainly consists of an energy absorption device, a water injection device, and an in-situ stress monitoring device. The energy absorption device has energy absorption buttons attached to the device surface. When a rockburst occurs, the rock instantaneously bursts out a large amount of energy and splashes everywhere in the pilot tunnel; when the rock block collides with the surface button of the intelligent energy absorption and storage rockburst device, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through extrusion and stored. Then, the water injection device sprays water into the pilot tunnel to soften the rock and cool the geothermal heat, gradually reducing the possibility of rockburst; the monitoring device monitors the in-situ stress in real time. If it is less than the rockburst threshold, the next stage of pilot tunnel excavation is carried out. If the in-situ stress is still very high, it is processed by continuing to inject water.

[0030] Among them, the energy storage device gradually advances with the advance footage of the advanced excavation, can continuously store energy and inject water, and obtain the latest in-situ stress detection data. In the strong rockburst section, the staff still need to wear helmets and bulletproof vests during operation.

[0031] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] This solution provides an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method applicable to the rockburst section of a tunnel. By adopting this solution, the in-situ stress can be released step by step, the medium and strong rockbursts can be decomposed into controllable and continuous mild rockbursts, and the mild rockbursts are actively guided to occur in the advanced pilot tunnel. The energy storage device is placed in the energy release area to absorb and store the rockburst energy, and high-pressure water injection is carried out to soften the surrounding rock, which can greatly release the surrounding rock stress in the medium and strong rockburst sections and has a positive effect on personnel protection and tunnel safety. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method for a rock burst section of a tunnel provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a staged excavation of an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of graded excavation of an energy storage device and a dynamic excavation method suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel provided by the present invention.

[0036] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1-shell, 2-energy absorption button, 3-battery, 4-flat jack, 5-sprinkler, 6-water tank, 7-tire, 8-generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0038] Example: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an energy storage device suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel comprises a shell 1 and an energy absorbing device arranged in the rock burst section;

[0039] The energy absorption device includes an energy absorption button 2 and a battery 3. The energy absorption button 2 is arranged on the outside of the shell 1, and the battery 3 is arranged inside the shell 1. The rocks splashed by the rock burst section will hit the energy absorption button 2, and the energy absorption button 2 will convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, when a rockburst occurs in a medium or strong rockburst section, the rock instantly bursts out a large amount of energy and splashes everywhere in the guide tunnel. At this time, the device is placed in the rockburst space, and some of the splashed rocks will hit the energy absorbing button 2 on the shell 1, causing the energy absorbing button 2 to be squeezed. The energy absorbing button 2 is connected to the battery 3 in the shell 1. At this time, the energy absorbing button 2 can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through squeezing, and transmit the electrical energy to the battery 3 for storage.

[0041] In this embodiment, a generator 8 is arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption button 2. The generator 8 is a small generator 8 and is arranged on the inner side of the shell 1. When the flying rock hits the energy absorption button 2, the energy absorption button 2 is squeezed downward to drive the rotor in the generator 8 to rotate. The rotation of the rotor can cut the magnetic field to generate alternating current. The alternating current generated by the generator 8 is then converted into direct current through a current stabilizing device, and the direct current is transmitted to the battery 3 for storage. The electric energy stored in the battery 3 can be used to propel the energy storage device or provide detonation energy, etc., which has great economic benefits.

[0042] In this embodiment, since there are many flying rocks and the operation is irregular, in order to improve the efficiency of storing electric energy, a plurality of energy absorbing buttons 2 are arranged on the shell 1, and a generator 8 is arranged at the bottom of the plurality of energy absorbing buttons 2. The plurality of generators 8 are connected to the current stabilizing device to store the electric energy in the battery 3.

[0043] In this embodiment, during the rock burst of the surrounding rock, the flying rocks will be ejected, thrown and ejected into the excavation space in a sudden and violent manner, causing a strong impact force. In order to enable the normal operation of the device, a flat jack 4 is set at one end of the shell 1, and the flat jack 4 is inserted into the surrounding rock. The flat jack is mainly used in narrow places and construction sites with small spatial positions. The flat jack has the characteristics of light weight, large tonnage, and flexible mobility, and has good operating ability. The flat jack is connected by a high-pressure hose to achieve long-distance operation. The flat jack 4 can better stabilize the shell 1 and will not move the shell 1 due to the impact of the rock burst.

[0044] In this embodiment, a water injection device is also provided in the shell 1, and the water injection device includes a sprinkler 5 and a water tank 6. The water tank 6 is used to pump water for the sprinkler 5. The sprinkler 5 can spray water at high pressure on the surrounding rock of the rock burst section to soften the rock and cool the geothermal energy, thereby gradually reducing the possibility of rock burst.

[0045] In this embodiment, in order to enable the device to move forward along with the extension of the underground engineering excavation, it is configured as follows: a tire 7 is provided at the bottom of the shell 1.

[0046] In this embodiment, a dynamic excavation method includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: Real-time monitoring of the ground stress of the pilot tunnel for advanced geological prediction, clarifying the overall impact of excavation technology on ground stress, and selecting the appropriate excavation time;

[0048] S2: By designing the excavation radius and depth in stages, as the excavation progresses, the radius of each level of excavation gradually increases, and the depth of each level of excavation gradually decreases;

[0049] S3: When the excavation time arrives, advance excavation is carried out at the center of the tunnel face, and energy storage devices are used for energy storage, water injection and ground stress detection;

[0050] S4: As the advance excavation progresses, the energy storage device is gradually pushed forward.

[0051] Furthermore, the step S1 also includes the following sub-steps: while monitoring the ground stress of the advance pilot tunnel in real time, microseismic monitoring technology should be combined to perform advanced geological forecasting.

[0052] Furthermore, step S4 further includes the following sub-steps: During the advanced excavation process, the next-level advanced excavation can be manually selected and adjusted according to the excavation effect of the previous level and the monitoring data.

[0053] Furthermore, smooth blasting technology is adopted for the advanced excavation.

[0054] Principle of this solution: The traditional treatment methods for rock bursts are all passive protection. Through multi-level excavation, this invention decomposes medium and strong rock bursts into controllable and continuous minor rock bursts, actively detonates them, and converts part of the rock burst energy into electrical energy required by the device. During the excavation process of each level, high-pressure water injection is carried out to soften the surrounding rock, combined with real-time monitoring and advanced forecasting, so as to carry out the next-level cycle work.

[0055] In this embodiment, the rock burst excavation section is confirmed. According to the in-situ stress of the advanced pilot tunnel monitored in real time, advanced geological forecasting is carried out to clarify the overall impact of the excavation technology on the in-situ stress, and a suitable excavation time is selected. Among them, smooth blasting technology is required for the advanced excavation; after determining the excavation time, first design the multi-level excavation process, preferably with 3 levels of advanced excavation. At the center of the tunnel face, advanced excavation is carried out in levels with radii of R1, R2, and R3 respectively, where R1 < R2 < R3. The advance footage of the first-level excavation is preferably 20m, the advance footage of the second-level excavation is preferably 10m, and the advance footage of the third-level excavation is preferably 2 - 3m. Among them, the excavation radii R1, R2, and R3 should be selected in combination with the specific project. R1 can take 1 / 8 - 1 / 4 of the tunnel diameter, R2 can take 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 of the tunnel diameter, and R3 is manually selected according to the excavation effects of the previous two levels and the monitoring data. The in-situ stress is mainly released through the action of the excavation methods and devices of the previous two levels. However, for complex on-site situations, excavation can be carried out up to the fourth level if necessary.

[0056] After the excavation time arrives, place the energy storage device in the rock burst section and start the advanced excavation. The energy storage device mainly consists of an energy absorption device, a water injection device, and an in-situ stress monitoring device. The energy absorption device is an energy absorption button 2 attached to the surface of the device. When a rock burst occurs, the rock instantaneously bursts out a large amount of energy and splashes everywhere in the pilot tunnel; when the rock block collides with the button on the surface of the intelligent energy absorption and storage rock burst device, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through extrusion and stored. Then, the water injection device sprays water into the pilot tunnel to soften the rock and cool the geothermal heat, gradually reducing the possibility of rock bursts; the monitoring device monitors the in-situ stress in real time. If it is less than the rock burst threshold, the next-stage pilot tunnel excavation is carried out. If the in-situ stress is still very high, it is treated by continuing to inject water.

[0057] Among them, the energy storage device gradually advances forward with the advance footage of the advanced excavation, can continuously store energy and inject water, and obtain the latest in-situ stress detection data. In the section with strong rock bursts, workers still need to wear helmets and bulletproof vests during operation.

[0058] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage device suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a shell (1) and an energy absorbing device arranged in a rock burst section; The energy absorption device comprises an energy absorption button (2) and a storage battery (3); the energy absorption button (2) is arranged outside the housing, and the storage battery (3) is arranged inside the housing; rocks splashed by the rock burst section will hit the energy absorption button (2), and the energy absorption button (2) will convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery (3); It also includes a generator (8) arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption button (2), wherein the energy absorption button (2) is pressed downward to drive the rotor in the generator (8) to rotate and cut the magnetic field, and the generator (8) stores electrical energy in the storage battery (3) through a rectifier device; A flat jack (4) is provided at one end of the shell (1), and the flat jack (4) is inserted into the surrounding rock.

2. An energy storage device suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple energy absorbing buttons (2) and multiple generators (8).

3. The energy storage device suitable for rock burst section of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a water injection device, the water injection device comprising a water sprayer (5) and a water storage tank (6), the water storage tank is located inside the shell (1), the water sprayer (5) is located outside the shell (1), the water storage tank (6) supplies water to the water sprayer (5), and the water sprayer (5) sprays water at high pressure on the surrounding rock of the rock burst section.

4. The energy storage device suitable for rock burst section of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tire (7) is arranged at the bottom of the housing (1).

5. A dynamic excavation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Real-time monitoring of the ground stress of the pilot tunnel to conduct advanced geological forecasting, clarify the overall impact of excavation technology on ground stress, and select the appropriate excavation time; S2: By designing the excavation radius and depth in stages, as the excavation progresses, the radius of each level of excavation gradually increases, and the depth of each level of excavation gradually decreases; S3: After the excavation time is reached, advance excavation is carried out at the center of the tunnel face, and energy storage, water injection and ground stress detection are carried out using an energy storage device suitable for a rock burst section of a tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; S4: As the advance excavation progresses, the energy storage device is gradually pushed forward.

6. A dynamic excavation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S1 also includes the following sub-steps: while monitoring the ground stress of the advance pilot tunnel in real time, the microseismic monitoring technology should be combined to perform advanced geological forecasting.

7. A dynamic excavation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S4 also includes the following sub-steps: During the advance excavation process, the next level of advance excavation can be manually selected and adjusted according to the excavation effect of the previous level and the monitoring data.

8. A dynamic excavation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The advanced excavation adopts smooth blasting technology.

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