Self-loading and unloading method and system of magnetic fluid momentum wheel

Abstract

The present invention relates to a self-loading and unloading method and system of a magnetic fluid momentum wheel, which is implemented on a momentum wheel composed of a downward buckle plate upper cover, an upper open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing pads, one to four electrodes, one or two permanent magnets, and one or two annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid; the lower sealing pad sequentially fixes one permanent magnet in a layer and encapsulates one to four electrodes in the lower part of the lower shell cavity from bottom to top, and encapsulates two layers of limit constraints in the middle of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing pad seals two permanent magnets in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing pad, seals the one or two annular magnetic tracks containing conductive fluid between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets at the upper and lower parts rotates and generates angular momentum under the action of Lorentz force; the one or two permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field, and the one or two annular magnetic tracks are used for loading and unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel. It has the advantages of high reliability and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a momentum wheel, in particular to a self-loading and unloading method and system of a magnetic fluid momentum wheel. Background Art

[0002] As the most important control component in the satellite attitude determination and control system, the momentum wheel has been widely used, and various forms of momentum wheels have been developed to meet different application requirements. The current mainstream momentum wheel structure is a flywheel structure, which is driven by a motor to rotate the flywheel and uses the principle of conservation of angular momentum to achieve control and adjustment of the satellite attitude. However, this structure has high requirements on the symmetry of structural parts such as flywheels and bearings and the reliability of motors, which limits the service life and control accuracy of the flywheel. It is generally necessary to cooperate with other unloading devices such as magnetic torquers to complete the unloading process.

[0003] The magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel is an invented momentum wheel that uses the Lorentz force generated by the electric field and the magnetic field to accelerate the rotation of the conductive fluid and then output angular momentum. The magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel does not contain certain machined structural parts and has the advantages of high reliability, long life, and impact resistance. At present, many domestic institutions and research institutes are conducting research on magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel technology. The published documents 1 (patent application number CN201811428186.5) and 2 (patent application number CN201811428680.1) introduce two annular and symmetrical electromagnetic structures designed based on magnetohydrodynamics for controlling satellite attitude. Document 3 (patent application number CN201910746524.8) introduces a magnetohydrodynamic flywheel for spacecraft, but the above designs cannot realize the self-unloading process of the angular momentum of the magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel, and need to be unloaded with other unloading devices such as magnetic torquers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a self-loading and unloading method of a magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel with high reliability, simple structure, long service life and capable of self-loading and unloading processes. The present invention also relates to a system for implementing the method.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the self-loading and unloading method of the magnetofluid momentum wheel of the present invention is special in that it is implemented on a momentum wheel mainly composed of a downward buckled upper cover, an open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing gaskets encapsulated in the upper cover and lower shell, first to fourth electrodes, first and second permanent magnets, and first and second annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid.

[0006] The lower sealing gasket fixes the first permanent magnet in a layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the lower shell cavity, and encapsulates the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode limit constraint in two layers in the middle of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing gasket seals the second permanent magnet in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing gasket, seals the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track containing the conductive fluid between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates under the action of the Lorentz force to generate angular momentum; the first and second permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track, the first annular magnetic track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second annular magnetic track is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing the self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel. This design realizes the self-loading and unloading functions of the momentum wheel, and can be used alone without the need to cooperate with other unloading equipment; wherein when the momentum wheel is unloading, the magnetic field directions in the two annular magnetic tracks are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. When the momentum wheel is working, the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel. It has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, long life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

[0007] As an optimization, the first annular magnetic track is surrounded by a first electrode, a second electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the second annular magnetic track is surrounded by a third electrode, a fourth electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the side wall of the second electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the side wall of the third electrode by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad, and the side wall of the fourth electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the inner wall of the lower shell by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic fields in the two annular magnetic tracks are in the same direction, and the electric fields are in the opposite direction.

[0008] As an optimization, the thickness of the first permanent magnet is greater than that of the second permanent magnet; when the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

[0009] As an optimization, the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the positive electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode are connected to the negative electrode. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite, and the conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, generating angular momentum in different directions.

[0010] As an optimization, the upper cover and the lower shell are made of metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion; the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode, as well as the annular magnetic track and the current fluid therebetween, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

[0011] As an optimization, the upper cover and the lower shell are made of metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion. The metal with high magnetic permeability is preferably yoke iron, and the conductive fluid with low adhesion is preferably liquid metal mercury. The upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the electric fluid therebetween, and also play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

[0012] As an optimization, the material of the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket is a ceramic non-metallic sealing material with insulating, limiting and sealing functions; the upper sealing gasket is provided with an electrode wiring guide groove, and the upper cover and the upper sealing gasket are jointly provided with a wire hole connecting the electrode wiring guide groove, and the electrode wiring passing through the guide groove and the wire hole is connected and controlled with external equipment.

[0013] As an optimization, the lower shell is an upper open circular barrel body with an outer circumference transversely convex circular ring plate on the upper port, and the upper cover is a circular blue plate with an outer circumference and a downward convex circular plate that fits the inner circumference of the upper open circular barrel body downward, and the circular blue plate and the outer circumference of the circular blue plate are connected as a whole by fasteners. The circular blue plate and the outer circumference of the circular blue plate are connected as a whole by screw holes.

[0014] The first permanent magnet layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket from bottom to top between the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell and the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover; the gap layer between the first permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer is also encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket.

[0015] The second permanent magnet layer and the gap layers between the second permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the upper sealing gasket from top to bottom.

[0016] As an optimization, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are in the shape of disks, and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are in the shape of circular rings.

[0017] The middle part of the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover fits the upper end surface of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet, and the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer circumference of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet and the inner circumference of the upper part of the upper open circular barrel body and the outer circumference of the lower part of the lower convex disk; the lower circular part layer of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed below the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket and the lower end surface of the second permanent magnet.

[0018] The middle part of the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body fits the lower end surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet, and the lower annular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer peripheral surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet and the outer peripheral part of the bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body and the lower part of the inner peripheral wall of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body; the upper circular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed to the upper end surface of the first permanent magnet.

[0019] The lower side of the lower circular portion of the upper sealing gasket and the upper side of the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket are provided with the convex central cylindrical portion, the convex peripheral circular portion and the convex middle circular portion of the lower sealing gasket layer, which are encapsulated in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner to encapsulate the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer.

[0020] As an optimization, an upper convex central cylindrical portion, an upper convex peripheral circular portion and an upper convex middle circular portion are arranged below the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket; the outer periphery of the upper convex central cylindrical portion is lined with the circular first electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, the inner periphery of the upper convex peripheral circular portion is lined with the circular fourth electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, and the inner and outer peripheries of the upper convex middle circular portion are respectively lined with the circular second electrode and the circular third electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner.

[0021] The first annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular first electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular second electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket; the second annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular third electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular fourth electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket.

[0022] As an optimization, vertical wire holes are set on the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket on one side, the lower circular part of the upper sealing gasket below it, and the upper cover above it; the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first permanent magnet and the lower sealing gasket are fixed by glue; the second permanent magnet and the upper sealing gasket are bonded by glue, and the thickness of the glue layer is less than 0.1mm. Sealing grease is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the upper and lower sealing gaskets.

[0023] The system for the self-loading and unloading method of the magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel mainly consists of a downward buckled upper cover, an open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing gaskets encapsulated in the upper cover and lower shell, first to fourth electrodes, first and second permanent magnets, and first and second annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid.

[0024] The lower sealing gasket fixes the first permanent magnet in a layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the lower shell cavity, and encapsulates the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode limit constraint in two layers in the middle of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing gasket seals the second permanent magnet in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing gasket, seals the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track containing the conductive fluid between the electrodes to generate angular momentum; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates under the action of the Lorentz force; the first and second permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track, the first annular magnetic track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second annular magnetic track is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing the self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel. This design realizes the self-loading and unloading functions of the momentum wheel, and can be used alone without the need to cooperate with other unloading equipment; wherein when the momentum wheel is unloading, the magnetic field directions in the two annular magnetic tracks are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. When the momentum wheel is working, the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel. It has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, long life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

[0025] As an optimization, the first annular magnetic track is surrounded by a first electrode, a second electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the second annular magnetic track is surrounded by a third electrode, a fourth electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the side wall of the second electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the side wall of the third electrode by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad, and the side wall of the fourth electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the inner wall of the lower shell by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic fields in the two annular magnetic tracks are in the same direction, and the electric fields are in the opposite direction.

[0026] As an optimization, the thickness of the first permanent magnet is greater than that of the second permanent magnet; when the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

[0027] As an optimization, the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the positive electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode are connected to the negative electrode. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite, and the conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, generating angular momentum in different directions.

[0028] As an optimization, the upper cover and the lower shell are made of metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion. The metal with high magnetic permeability is preferably yoke iron, and the conductive fluid with low adhesion is preferably liquid metal mercury. The upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the electric fluid therebetween, and also play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

[0029] As an optimization, the material of the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket is a ceramic non-metallic sealing material with insulating, limiting and sealing functions; the upper sealing gasket is provided with an electrode wiring guide groove, and the upper cover and the upper sealing gasket are jointly provided with a wire hole connecting the electrode wiring guide groove, and the electrode wiring passing through the guide groove and the wire hole is connected and controlled with external equipment.

[0030] As an optimization, the lower shell is an upper open circular barrel body with an outer circumference transversely convex circular ring plate on the upper port, and the upper cover is a circular blue plate with an outer circumference and a downward convex circular plate that fits the inner circumference of the upper open circular barrel body downward, and the circular blue plate and the outer circumference of the circular blue plate are connected as a whole by fasteners. The circular blue plate and the outer circumference of the circular blue plate are connected as a whole by screw holes.

[0031] The first permanent magnet layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket from bottom to top between the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell and the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover; the gap layer between the first permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer is also encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket.

[0032] The second permanent magnet layer and the gap layers between the second permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the upper sealing gasket from top to bottom.

[0033] As an optimization, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are in the shape of disks, and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are in the shape of circular rings.

[0034] The middle part of the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover fits the upper end surface of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet, and the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer circumference of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet and the inner circumference of the upper part of the upper open circular barrel body and the outer circumference of the lower part of the lower convex disk; the lower circular part layer of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed below the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket and the lower end surface of the second permanent magnet.

[0035] The middle part of the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body fits the lower end surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet, and the lower annular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer peripheral surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet and the outer peripheral part of the bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body and the lower part of the inner peripheral wall of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body; the upper circular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed to the upper end surface of the first permanent magnet.

[0036] The lower side of the lower circular portion of the upper sealing gasket and the upper side of the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket are provided with the convex central cylindrical portion, the convex peripheral circular portion and the convex middle circular portion of the lower sealing gasket layer, which are encapsulated in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner to encapsulate the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer.

[0037] As an optimization, an upper convex central cylindrical portion, an upper convex peripheral circular portion and an upper convex middle circular portion are arranged below the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket; the outer periphery of the upper convex central cylindrical portion is lined with the circular first electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, the inner periphery of the upper convex peripheral circular portion is lined with the circular fourth electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, and the inner and outer peripheries of the upper convex middle circular portion are respectively lined with the circular second electrode and the circular third electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner.

[0038] The first annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular first electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular second electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket; the second annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular third electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular fourth electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket.

[0039] As an optimization, vertical wire holes are set on the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket on one side, the lower circular part of the upper sealing gasket below it, and the upper cover above it; the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first permanent magnet and the lower sealing gasket are fixed by glue; the second permanent magnet and the upper sealing gasket are bonded by glue, and the thickness of the glue layer is less than 0.1mm. Sealing grease is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the upper and lower sealing gaskets.

[0040] That is, the momentum wheel structure based on magnetohydrodynamics of the present invention comprises an upper cover, a lower shell, an upper sealing gasket, a lower sealing gasket, a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a fourth electrode, a first annular magnetic track, a second annular magnetic track and a wire hole; the lower sealing gasket is located at the bottom of the lower shell, and is used to fix the first permanent magnet, and at the same time, it plays a limiting and restraining role on the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode form a first annular magnetic track, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode form a second annular magnetic track. The first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track contain conductive fluid, and the upper and lower ends are permanent magnets. Under the action of the Lorentz force, the conductive fluid rotates; the upper sealing gasket is used to fix the second permanent magnet, and at the same time, it plays a sealing role on the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track together with the lower sealing gasket; the structural upper cover and the lower shell are connected as a whole with screws.

[0041] The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, the first electrode and the second electrode are one positive electrode and the other negative electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are one positive electrode and the other negative electrode, and the electric field direction is radial; the second electrode and the third electrode are physically isolated and insulated by a lower gasket structure.

[0042] The upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket are made of ceramic non-metallic sealing materials and have both insulating and sealing functions; the upper sealing gasket contains an electrode wiring guide groove for connecting with external equipment.

[0043] The first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are fixed to the upper cover and the lower shell through upper and lower washers. The first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track contain a high-intensity vertical magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is axial.

[0044] The first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are filled with conductive fluid, the magnetic field is perpendicular to the electric field, and under the action of the Lorentz force, the conductive fluid rotates to generate angular momentum.

[0045] The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first permanent magnet and the lower sealing gasket are bonded and fixed by using glue; the second permanent magnet and the upper sealing gasket are bonded by using glue.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention contains two magnetic fluid cavity annular tracks, the first magnetic fluid cavity annular track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second magnetic fluid cavity annular track is used for unloading angular momentum. This design realizes the self-loading and unloading functions of the momentum wheel, and can be used alone without the need for other unloading equipment. (2) The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble; the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket are designed separately, with good sealing performance, which can provide mechanical support for the magnetic pole and the guide ring, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting. (3) The permanent magnets of the present invention are located on the upper and lower sides of the annular track, and the loading track and the unloading track share the permanent magnets, which are flexible in design and can provide a high-intensity stable and uniform magnetic field for the magnetic fluid domain; the permanent magnets are in direct contact with the closed structure shell of the momentum wheel, and there is little magnetic leakage.

[0047] After adopting the above technical scheme, the momentum wheel based on magnetohydrodynamics of the present invention has the advantages of good sealing, high reliability, simple structure, less magnetic leakage, long service life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the momentum wheel based on magnetohydrodynamics of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the momentum wheel based on magnetohydrodynamics of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel of the present invention is special in that it is implemented on a momentum wheel mainly composed of a downward buckled plate upper cover, an open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing gaskets encapsulated in the upper cover and lower shell, first to fourth electrodes, first and second permanent magnets, and first and second annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid.

[0050] The lower sealing gasket fixes the first permanent magnet in a layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the lower shell cavity, and encapsulates the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode limit constraint in two layers in the middle of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing gasket seals the second permanent magnet in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing gasket, seals the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track containing the conductive fluid between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates under the action of the Lorentz force to generate angular momentum; the first and second permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track, the first annular magnetic track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second annular magnetic track is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing the self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel. This design realizes the self-loading and unloading functions of the momentum wheel, and can be used alone without the need to cooperate with other unloading equipment; wherein when the momentum wheel is unloading, the magnetic field directions in the two annular magnetic tracks are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. When the momentum wheel is working, the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel. It has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, long life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

[0051] The first annular magnetic track is surrounded by a first electrode, a second electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the second annular magnetic track is surrounded by a third electrode, a fourth electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the side wall of the second electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the side wall of the third electrode by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad, and the side wall of the fourth electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the inner wall of the lower shell by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic fields in the two annular magnetic tracks are in the same direction and the electric fields are in the opposite direction.

[0052] The thickness of the first permanent magnet is greater than that of the second permanent magnet; when the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

[0053] The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the positive electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode are connected to the negative electrode. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. The conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, generating angular momentum in different directions.

[0054] The upper cover and the lower shell are metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion; the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the current fluid therebetween, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

[0055] The upper cover and the lower shell are made of metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion. The metal with high magnetic permeability is preferably yoke iron, and the conductive fluid with low adhesion is preferably liquid metal mercury. The upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the electric fluid therebetween, and also play a role of physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

[0056] The material of the upper sealing pad and the lower sealing pad is a ceramic non-metallic sealing material with insulating, limiting and sealing functions; the upper sealing pad is provided with an electrode wiring guide groove, and the upper cover and the upper sealing pad are provided with a wire hole connecting the electrode wiring guide groove, and the electrode wiring passing through the guide groove and the wire hole is connected and controlled with external equipment.

[0057] The lower shell is an open circular barrel with an outer circumference transversely convex circular blue plate on the upper end, and the upper cover is a circular blue plate with an outer circumference and a downward convex circular plate that fits the inner circumference of the open circular barrel. The circular blue plate is connected to the outer circumference of the circular blue plate by fasteners. The circular blue plate is connected to the outer circumference of the circular blue plate by screw holes.

[0058] The first permanent magnet layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket from bottom to top between the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell and the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover; the gap layer between the first permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track layer and the second annular magnetic track layer is also encapsulated with the lower sealing gasket.

[0059] The second permanent magnet layer and the gap layers between the second permanent magnet layer and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer are sequentially encapsulated with the upper sealing gasket from top to bottom.

[0060] The first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are in the shape of disks, and the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are in the shape of rings.

[0061] The middle part of the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover fits the upper end surface of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet, and the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer circumference of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet and the inner circumference of the upper part of the upper open circular barrel body and the outer circumference of the lower part of the lower convex disk; the lower circular part layer of the upper sealing gasket is sealed and fixed below the upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket and the lower end surface of the second permanent magnet.

[0062] The middle part of the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body fits the lower end surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet, and the lower annular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed between the outer peripheral surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet and the outer peripheral part of the bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body and the lower part of the inner peripheral wall of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body; the upper circular part of the lower sealing gasket is sealed and fixed to the upper end surface of the first permanent magnet.

[0063] The lower side of the lower circular portion of the upper sealing gasket and the upper side of the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket are provided with the convex central cylindrical portion, the convex peripheral circular portion and the convex middle circular portion of the lower sealing gasket layer, which are encapsulated in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner to encapsulate the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track layer.

[0064] An upper convex central cylindrical portion, an upper convex peripheral circular portion and an upper convex middle circular portion are arranged below the upper circular portion of the lower sealing gasket; the outer periphery of the upper convex central cylindrical portion is lined with the circular first electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, the inner periphery of the upper convex peripheral circular portion is lined with the circular fourth electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, and the inner and outer peripheries of the upper convex middle circular portion are respectively lined with the circular second electrode and the circular third electrode in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner.

[0065] The first annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular first electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular second electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket; the second annular magnetic track closed by insulation, limiting and sealing is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the annular third electrode, the inner circumferential surface of the annular fourth electrode, the lower surface of the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket and the upper surface of the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket.

[0066] The upper annular portion of the upper sealing gasket on one side, the lower circular portion of the upper sealing gasket below it, and the upper cover above are provided with vertical wire holes; the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first permanent magnet and the lower sealing gasket are bonded and fixed by glue; the second permanent magnet and the upper sealing gasket are bonded by glue, and the thickness of the glue layer is less than 0.1mm. Sealing grease is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the upper and lower sealing gaskets.

[0067] As shown in the figure, the system for realizing the self-loading and unloading method of the magnetohydrodynamic momentum wheel of the present invention mainly consists of a downward buckled upper cover 1, an open barrel-shaped lower shell 2, and an upper sealing gasket 3, a lower sealing gasket 4, a first electrode 5, a second electrode 6, a third electrode 7, a fourth electrode 8, a first permanent magnet 9, a second permanent magnet 10, a first annular magnetic track 11 filled with a conductive fluid, and a second annular magnetic track 12 filled with a conductive fluid encapsulated in the upper cover and the lower shell. The lower sealing gasket 4 fixes the first permanent magnet 9 in a layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the inner cavity of the lower shell 2, and limits and constrains the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 to encapsulate it in the middle part of the inner cavity of the lower shell 2; the upper sealing gasket 3 seals the second permanent magnet 10 in the upper part of the inner cavity of the lower shell 2, and together with the lower sealing gasket 4, seals the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 containing the conductive fluid between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates under the action of the Lorentz force to generate angular momentum; the first and second permanent magnets 9 and 10 form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12, the first annular magnetic track 11 is used for loading angular momentum, and the second annular magnetic track 12 is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing the self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel. This design realizes the self-loading and unloading functions of the momentum wheel, and can be used alone without the need to cooperate with other unloading equipment; wherein when the momentum wheel is unloading, the magnetic field directions in the two annular magnetic tracks are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. When the momentum wheel is working, the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 are energized, and the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track 11 rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular magnetic track 11 is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular magnetic track 12 generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track 11, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel. It has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, long life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

[0068] The first annular magnetic track 11 is surrounded by the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the upper sealing pad 3 and the lower sealing pad 4; the second annular magnetic track 12 is surrounded by the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8, the upper sealing pad 3 and the lower sealing pad 4; the side wall of the second electrode 6 and the side wall of the third electrode 7 are physically isolated and insulated by the raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad 4, and the side wall of the fourth electrode 8 and the inner side wall of the lower shell 2 are physically isolated and insulated by the raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad 4; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic field directions in the two annular magnetic tracks are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. The thickness of the first permanent magnet 9 is greater than the thickness of the second permanent magnet 10; the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 are energized, and the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track 11 rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular magnetic track 11 is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular magnetic track 12 generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track 11, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel. The first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode 5 and the fourth electrode 8 are connected to the positive pole, and the second electrode 6 and the third electrode 7 are connected to the negative pole. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 are the same, the electric field directions are opposite, and the rotation directions of the conductive fluid are opposite, generating angular momentum in different directions. The upper cover 1 and the lower shell 2 are made of metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion. The metal with high magnetic permeability is preferably yoke iron, and the conductive fluid with low adhesion is preferably liquid metal mercury; the upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4 provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the electric fluid therebetween, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting. The upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4 are made of ceramic non-metallic sealing materials with insulating, limiting and sealing functions; the upper sealing gasket 3 is provided with an electrode wiring guide groove, and the upper cover 1 and the upper sealing gasket 3 are provided with a wire hole 13 connecting the electrode wiring guide groove, and the electrode wiring passing through the guide groove and the wire hole 13 is connected and controlled with external equipment.

[0069] The lower shell 2 is an open circular barrel with an outer circumference transversely convex circular ring plate on the upper end, and the upper cover 1 is a circular plate with an outer circumference and a downward convex circular plate that fits the inner circumference of the open circular barrel. The circular ring plate and the outer circumference of the circular plate are connected as a whole through fasteners. The circular ring plate and the outer circumference of the circular plate are connected as a whole through screw holes.

[0070] Between the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body of the lower shell and the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover 1, the first permanent magnet 9 layer, and the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8 and the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 layers are sequentially encapsulated by the lower sealing gasket 4 from bottom to top, and the gap layer between the first permanent magnet 9 layer and the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8 and the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 layers is also encapsulated by the lower sealing gasket 4.

[0071] From top to bottom, the upper sealing gasket 3 is used to encapsulate the second permanent magnet 10 layer and the gap layer between the second permanent magnet 10 layer and the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8 and the first annular track 11 and the second annular track 12 layers.

[0072] The first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 10 are in the shape of disks, and the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8, the first annular magnetic track 11, and the second annular magnetic track 12 are in the shape of rings.

[0073] The middle part of the lower end surface of the lower convex disk of the upper cover 1 fits the upper end surface of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet 10, and the upper annular portion of the upper sealing gasket 3 is sealed and fixed between the outer circumferential surface of the disc-shaped second permanent magnet 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the upper part of the upper open circular barrel body and the outer circumferential portion of the lower convex disk; the lower circular portion of the upper sealing gasket 3 is sealed and fixed to the lower part of the lower end surface of the second permanent magnet 10.

[0074] The middle part of the inner bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body fits the lower end surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet 9, and the lower annular part of the lower sealing gasket 4 is sealed and fixed between the outer peripheral surface of the disc-shaped first permanent magnet 9 and the outer peripheral part of the bottom surface of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body and the lower part of the inner peripheral wall of the open circular barrel body on the lower shell body; the upper circular part of the lower sealing gasket 4 is sealed and fixed to the upper end surface of the first permanent magnet 9.

[0075] Between the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket 3 and the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket 4 are the convex central cylindrical portion, the convex peripheral circular portion, and the convex middle circular portion of the lower sealing gasket 4, which encapsulate the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7, the fourth electrode 8, the first annular track 11, and the second annular track 12 in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner.

[0076] The upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket 4 is provided with an upper convex central cylindrical portion, an upper convex peripheral circular portion, and an upper convex middle circular portion; the outer periphery of the upper convex central cylindrical portion is lined with the circular first electrode 5 in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, the inner periphery of the upper convex peripheral circular portion is lined with the circular fourth electrode 8 in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner, and the inner and outer peripheries of the upper convex middle circular portion are respectively lined with the circular second electrode 6 and the circular third electrode 7 in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner.

[0077] The outer circumference of the first annular electrode 5 and the inner circumference of the second annular electrode 6, the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket 3 and the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket 4 form a first annular magnetic track 11 that is closed in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner; the outer circumference of the third annular electrode 7 and the inner circumference of the fourth annular electrode 8, the lower circular layer of the upper sealing gasket 3 and the upper circular layer of the lower sealing gasket 4 form a second annular magnetic track 12 that is closed in an insulating, limiting and sealing manner. The upper annular part of the upper sealing gasket 3 on one side, the lower circular part of the upper sealing gasket 3 below it and the upper cover 1 above it are provided with vertical wire holes 13; the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the fourth electrode, the first permanent magnet and the lower sealing gasket are fixed by glue; the thickness of the glue layer is less than 0.1mm. The second permanent magnet and the upper sealing gasket are bonded by glue, and the upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4 are coated with sealing grease at the joint.

[0078] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention and its operation mode will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0079] The momentum wheel based on magnetohydrodynamics comprises an upper cover 1, a lower shell 2, an upper sealing gasket 3, a lower sealing gasket 4, a first electrode 5, a second electrode 6, a third electrode 7, a fourth electrode 8, a first permanent magnet 9, a second permanent magnet 10, a first annular track 11, a second annular track 12 and a wire hole 13.

[0080] The first permanent magnet 9 is glued to the lower sealing gasket 4, and the second permanent magnet 10 is glued to the upper sealing gasket 3, and the thickness of the glue layer is less than 0.1mm; the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are locally glued to the lower sealing gasket 4, the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 form a first annular magnetic track 11, and the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 form a second annular magnetic track 12, the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 are filled with conductive fluid, and the electric field direction is radial; the guide wires of the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are led out from the wire hole 13 to fit the upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4, and the annular magnetic track is axially filled with a high-intensity magnetic field; the upper cover 1 and the lower shell 2 are fixedly connected as a whole with screws.

[0081] The first electrode 5 and the fourth electrode 8 are connected to the positive pole, and the second electrode 6 and the third electrode 7 are connected to the negative pole. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic fields in the first annular magnetic track 11 and the second annular magnetic track 12 have the same direction, and the electric fields have opposite directions. The conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, and angular momentum in different directions can be generated.

[0082] When the momentum wheel is working, the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular track 11 rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular track 11 is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode 7 and the fourth electrode 8 are energized, and the conductive fluid in the second annular track 12 generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular track 11, thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

[0083] The upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4 are ceramic sealing materials, wherein the upper sealing gasket 3 contains the first electrode 5, the second electrode 6, and the third electrode 7 wire guide grooves, and the wires are led out through the wire holes 13 of the upper sealing gasket; a small amount of sealing grease is applied to the joint of the upper sealing gasket 3 and the lower sealing gasket 4. The conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion such as liquid metal mercury. The upper cover 1 and the lower shell 2 are yoke iron material machined structural parts, and the upper cover 1 and the lower shell 2 are directly in contact with the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 10 respectively.

[0084] In summary, the momentum wheel based on magnetohydrodynamics of the present invention has the advantages of good sealing, high reliability, simple structure, less magnetic leakage, long service life, and the ability to perform self-loading and unloading processes.

Claims

1. A self-loading and unloading method for a magnetic fluid momentum wheel, characterized in that The invention is realized on a momentum wheel mainly composed of a downward buckled plate upper cover, an upper open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing gaskets encapsulated in the upper cover and lower shell, first to fourth electrodes, first and second permanent magnets, and first and second annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid; The lower sealing gasket sequentially fixes the first permanent magnet in one layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the lower shell cavity, and encapsulates the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode limit constraint in two layers in the middle part of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing gasket seals the second permanent magnet in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing gasket, seals the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track containing the conductive fluid between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates and generates angular momentum under the action of the Lorentz force; the first and second permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track, the first annular magnetic track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second annular magnetic track is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel.

2. The self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that The first annular magnetic track is surrounded by a first electrode, a second electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the second annular magnetic track is surrounded by a third electrode, a fourth electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the side wall of the second electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the side wall of the third electrode by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad, and the side wall of the fourth electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the inner wall of the lower shell by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic fields in the two annular magnetic tracks are in the same direction and the electric fields are in the opposite direction.

3. The self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the first permanent magnet is greater than that of the second permanent magnet; the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular magnetic track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the second annular magnetic track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track (11), thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

4. The self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the positive electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode are connected to the negative electrode. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. The conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, generating angular momentum in different directions.

5. The self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper cover and the lower shell are metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion; the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the current fluid therebetween, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

6. A system for implementing the self-loading and unloading method of the magnetic fluid momentum wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that It mainly consists of a downward buckled plate-type upper cover, an open barrel-shaped lower shell, upper and lower sealing gaskets encapsulated in the upper cover and lower shell, first to fourth electrodes, first and second permanent magnets, and first and second annular magnetic tracks filled with conductive fluid; The lower sealing gasket fixes the first permanent magnet in a layer from bottom to top and encapsulates it in the lower part of the lower shell cavity, and encapsulates the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode limit constraint in two layers in the middle part of the lower shell cavity; the upper sealing gasket seals the second permanent magnet in the upper part of the lower shell cavity, and together with the lower sealing gasket, seals the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track containing conductive fluid located between the electrodes; the conductive fluid with permanent magnets above and below rotates under the action of the Lorentz force to generate angular momentum; the first and second permanent magnets form a high-intensity vertical magnetic field in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track, the first magnetic fluid cavity annular magnetic track is used for loading angular momentum, and the second magnetic fluid cavity annular magnetic track is used for unloading angular momentum, thereby realizing self-loading and unloading of the momentum wheel.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The first annular magnetic track is surrounded by a first electrode, a second electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the second annular magnetic track is surrounded by a third electrode, a fourth electrode, an upper sealing pad and a lower sealing pad; the side wall of the second electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the side wall of the third electrode by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad, and the side wall of the fourth electrode is physically isolated and insulated from the inner wall of the lower shell by a raised annular structure of the lower sealing pad; when the momentum wheel is unloaded, the magnetic fields in the two annular magnetic tracks are in the same direction and the electric fields are in the opposite direction.

8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The thickness of the first permanent magnet is greater than that of the second permanent magnet; the first electrode and the second electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track rotates to generate angular momentum, and the satellite is adjusted based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum; when the angular momentum generated by the first annular magnetic track is saturated and needs to be unloaded, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are energized, the conductive fluid in the second annular magnetic track generates an angular momentum opposite to that of the conductive fluid in the first annular magnetic track (11), thereby completing the self-unloading process of the momentum wheel.

9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode are annular metal structures, and the electrode polarity can be controlled individually; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the positive electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode are connected to the negative electrode. After power is turned on, the conductive fluid will rotate under the action of the Lorentz force, thereby generating angular momentum; the magnetic field directions in the first annular magnetic track and the second annular magnetic track are the same, and the electric field directions are opposite. The conductive fluid rotates in opposite directions, generating angular momentum in different directions.

10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The upper cover and the lower shell are metal machined structural parts with high magnetic permeability, and the conductive fluid is a conductive fluid with low adhesion; the upper sealing gasket and the lower sealing gasket provide mechanical support for the permanent magnet and the electrode and the annular magnetic track and the current fluid therebetween, and at the same time play a role in physical isolation, insulation and limiting.

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