Method and apparatus for pressing

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for pressing, having a filter basket and at least two conveying worms which are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction on a common worm shaft, wherein a pressure zone without worm lead is arranged between the conveying worms. In the region of the pressure zone, the device for pressing according to the invention has a plurality of scraper sleeves, by means of which an improved efficiency factor of the pressing process is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a device for pressing, having a filter basket in which at least two successively arranged pressing and conveying worms are rotatable on a worm shaft.

[0002] The invention also relates to a method for pressing, in which a pressing object is pressed by means of a device for pressing. BACKGROUND

[0003] From the prior art different pressing devices are known in order to separate flowable, liquid or thixotropic components from different substances, solid, organic or inorganic materials by means of a pressing process. In particular for vegetable products, in order to separate liquid and mainly oil-containing components, so-called filter worm presses have proven to be effective, in the pressing space of which a high pressing force and pressing pressure acts onto the pressing object or onto the compression containing the oil-containing components.

[0004] The pressing space, also called filter chamber or pressing chamber, is at least partially delimited in its geometry by at least one so-called filter bar basket. Usually, the filter bar basket is embodied in a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical geometry and is divided into individual filter bar fields or filter fields for receiving and / or holding filter bars.

[0005] Filter bars or filter bar baskets of the type mentioned at the outset are used in the field of devices for pressing flowable or liquid substances out of materials or products introduced into the device. For example, the pressing out of liquid substances from animal carcasses, slaughterhouse waste or oil-containing fruits, seeds or plants can be carried out. The devices for pressing are drum-shaped and the filter bars extend in the longitudinal direction of the drum. The transport of the substances to be processed also takes place in the longitudinal direction. In the region of the drum outlet, the residual substances are almost water-free discharged from the drum interior. The transport through the drum takes place with the use of pressure and transport worms.

[0006] During the transport of the substances through the filter basket, the pressing out of the liquid contained in the incoming substances is achieved by means of a pressing process between the boundary surfaces of the worm flights of the transport worms and the filter bars. In order to achieve the outflow of the flowable components pressed out, the filter bars are arranged with a gap-like spacing relative to one another. In order to ensure an optimized flow of the pressing-out process, the cross-sectional area of the worm flights decreases in the direction from the inlet to the outlet.

[0007] The primary goal of the pressing process is the as complete as possible separation of the flowable and in particular oil-containing components and the solid components from the pressed article. In addition, the goal of as high as possible material volume flow is pursued. Both goals are pursued in as optimized a manner as possible by the machine elements for applying the pressing force being designed with maximum efficiency and the pressing space being laid out in a suitable manner in terms of geometry.

[0008] If the pressed article is conveyed through the uniformly configured pressing space by means of only one conveying worm, the separation of the liquid and solid components of the pressed article is only possible to a certain extent, since a portion of the pressed article moves inside the pressing space only close to the worm shaft. The liquid components of this pressed article close to the shaft can thus escape from the pressing space without passing through the openings of the filter basket located on the outside and are conducted from the pressing space together with those pressed residues that are partially separated from the liquid components.

[0009] It is known from the prior art that a plurality of conveying worms are arranged one after the other on a common worm shaft. Here, the pressed article in the pressure zone stirs the region of the mentioned worms placed one after the other between the worm leads, so that the pressed article transported on the first worm close to the worm shaft reaches out into the region of the openings of the filter basket.

[0010] The application of a scraper is also known, which has the mentioned protrusion extending inward from the filter basket in the region of the clamping strip for securing the filter rod, for improving the effectiveness of the separation of the pressed article into liquid and solid components. SUMMARY

[0011] It is the task of the present invention to specify a device of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph for pressing, which is improved in terms of the effectiveness of the separation of the liquid and solid components of the pressed article.

[0012] According to the invention, this task is solved by a device for pressing having the features of the technical solution according to the invention.

[0013] It is a further task of the present invention to specify an improved method of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph for pressing.

[0014] According to the invention, this task is solved by a method having the features of the technical solution according to the invention.

[0015] The features of the device for pressing disclosed below are part of the present invention not only individually but also in all possible combinations.

[0016] The apparatus for pressing according to the invention has a pressing space which is bounded by a hollow-cylindrical filter basket, in which pressing space at least two conveying worms are able to rotate one after the other on a common worm shaft.

[0017] The filter basket has openings through which liquid pressed out of the pressing article can be conducted out of the pressing space.

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, the filter basket is held in a filter holder.

[0019] In one embodiment of the invention, a pressure zone is arranged between the conveying worms of the apparatus for pressing respectively. The pressure zone is free of the worm lead of the conveying worms.

[0020] In one embodiment of the invention, in the region of the pressure zone between respectively adjacent conveying worms, a taper element is arranged on the worm shaft, wherein the diameter of the taper increases in the conveying direction.

[0021] In one embodiment of the invention, the conveying worms have a hollow-cylindrical base body which is fixedly present on the worm shaft. On the shell surface of the respective hollow cylinder, the worm lead of the respective conveying worm is bounded by a helically encircling wall element or worm flank.

[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, in two successive conveying worms, the hollow-cylindrical base body of the second conveying worm which is arranged behind the first conveying worm in the conveying direction has a larger diameter than the hollow-cylindrical base body of the first conveying worm.

[0023] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, the taper element arranged between two conveying worms has on its end a diameter which corresponds to the base body of the respectively directly adjoining conveying worm.

[0024] In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the taper element is configured as a truncated cone.

[0025] According to the invention, a plurality of scraper sleeves is arranged in at least one pressure zone of the apparatus for pressing.

[0026] Each of the scraper sleeves has a nose-shaped configured protrusion which in the assembled state of the scraper sleeve projects from the base strip of the scraper sleeve into the pressing space out of the filter basket.

[0027] In one embodiment of the invention, the scraper sleeves are arranged uniformly distributed in the pressure zone along the circumference of the filter basket.

[0028] In one embodiment of the application, the filter basket has a plurality of filter rods arranged side by side in a filter field, which filter rods are arranged at a distance from one another, so that liquid pressed out of the pressed article can be conducted out of the pressing space via the gaps between the filter rods.

[0029] In one preferred embodiment of the application, in the region of the pressure zone, the scraper sleeve is arranged in the filter field between the filter rods of the filter basket.

[0030] If the filter basket is divided into two filter basket halves, the filter basket section has two filter fields in which the filter rods are arranged side by side. The filter field of one filter basket section is delimited by a clamping bar and / or a scraper, which fixes the filter rods of the respective filter field in the associated filter basket section. According to the application, at least one scraper sleeve is arranged between the filter rods of the respective filter field.

[0031] In another embodiment of the application, two scraper sleeves are arranged between the filter rods of the respective filter field.

[0032] In another embodiment of the application, three scraper sleeves are arranged between the filter rods of the respective filter field.

[0033] In one embodiment of the application, the scraper sleeve has the same length as the filter rods installed in the respective filter field.

[0034] In one embodiment of the application, the base strip of the scraper sleeve is configured more widely than the filter rods installed in the respective filter field.

[0035] In one embodiment of the application, the width of the scraper sleeve is chosen so large that it counteracts or prevents lateral tilting. At the same time, the internal pressure during pressing also causes the scraper sleeve to be pressed against the bearing surface of the scraper sleeve in the filter basket. However, the scraper sleeve should not be configured too widely, since there must also be sufficient space for the filter rods with gaps in the entire filter field to ensure sufficient separation of the solids and liquids of the pressed article during pressing.

[0036] In one embodiment of the application, the shape of the base strip of the scraper sleeve is adapted to the contour of the filter basket.

[0037] In one embodiment of the application, for this purpose, the base strip of the scraper sleeve is curved in the transverse direction, so that the outer side of the scraper sleeve realizes a section of a cylindrical surface or the base strip realizes a hollow cylindrical section.

[0038] In one preferred embodiment of the application, the scraper sleeve is made of hardened metal.

[0039] In one embodiment of the application, the protrusion of the scraper sleeve is configured in the form of a tab.

[0040] In one preferred embodiment of the application, the profile of the protrusion of the scraper sleeve is adapted to the profile of the conveying device in the region of the pressure zone.

[0041] In particular, the height of the protrusion (in the sense of how far the protrusion extends into the pressing space) is adapted to the profile of the conveying device in the longitudinal direction of the protrusion. Here, the longitudinal direction of the protrusion is oriented in the conveying direction of the transport worm.

[0042] In one preferred embodiment, the height of the protrusion decreases in the longitudinal direction.

[0043] In one advantageous embodiment of the application, the length of the protrusion is defined by the length of the respective pressure zone. Here, depending on the embodiment of the filter press, the pressure zone can vary in its length, its diameter (and thus the spacing to the interior space of the filter basket) and its profile. Here, the protrusion can not be longer than the overall length of the respective pressure zone.

[0044] In one embodiment of the application, the width of the protrusion depends on the effect desired to be achieved in the sense of material mixing or material swirl when the pressed article hits the end faces of the protrusion in the flow direction.

[0045] With the aid of the scraper sleeve arranged in at least one pressure zone, a plurality of effects can be achieved which have a positive influence on the efficiency of the device for pressing (in terms of the separation of the liquid and solid components of the pressed article).

[0046] On the one hand, with the aid of the scraper sleeve, the material of the pressed article can be guided, whereby it can be avoided that the material is carried along with the common rotation in the device for pressing. Hereby, it can be ensured that the material continuously enters into or is continuously transported in the device for pressing.

[0047] Furthermore, the material of the pressed article can not only be stabilized with the aid of the scraper sleeve, but additionally be blocked. Due to the large surface area, a material jam can occur when the material hits the scraper sleeve, whereby the pressing pressure of the device for pressing can be increased. The material throughput remains the same, however, only the power consumption of the worm motor is increased with the same conveying power.

[0048] On the other hand, with the aid of the scraper sleeve arranged between the end of the worm lead of the first worm and the beginning of the worm lead of the second worm, a swirl of the material of the pressed article can be improved. The material jam that can occur can be broken by means of the respective worm lead, so that the material can be forced to change position.

[0049] In one embodiment, the method for pressing according to the application is characterized in that the pressing article is conveyed into the region of the pressure zone by means of a first conveying worm and is mixed and / or guided and / or held in the pressure zone by means of a plurality of flight jackets and is continued to be conveyed behind the pressure zone in the conveying direction by means of a second conveying worm.

[0050] In one preferred embodiment of the method for pressing according to the application, a device for pressing according to the application is used. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] In the following drawings, exemplary embodiments of the application are shown schematically. They show:

[0052] Figure 1 : perspective view of a flight jacket for a device for pressing according to the application,

[0053] Figure 2 : perspective view of a filter field according to the application with flight jackets;

[0054] Figure 3 : partial perspective view of a device for pressing according to the application in the region of a filter basket half,

[0055] Figure 4 : partial view of an embodiment according to the application of a device for pressing with an open filter basket in the region of a flight jacket,

[0056] Figure 5 : cross section of an embodiment according to the application of a flight jacket, and

[0057] Figure 6 : cross section of an embodiment according to the application of a flight jacket in the longitudinal direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Figure 1 A perspective view of a flight jacket 10 of a device for pressing 1 according to the application is shown. The flight jacket 10 has a base strip 11 which is adapted to the contour of the filter basket 2. To this end, the base strip 11 of the flight jacket 10 is curved in the lateral direction, so that it is configured substantially as a hollow cylindrical segment. On the inner side of the flight jacket 10, substantially centrally, a protrusion 12 is arranged which projects from the base strip 11. The protrusion 12 is configured tabularly and its height falls continuously in one direction.

[0059] Figure 2A perspective view of a filter field of a filter basket segment 3 of a device 1 for pressing according to the present application is shown. The filter field is divided into two filter field segments, which are each composed of a plurality of filter rods 5 arranged side by side. Between the filter rods 5 there is respectively configured a gap. In each of the filter field segments there is respectively arranged three scraper sleeves 10, which are arranged uniformly spaced apart from one another in the respective filter field segment. The protrusions 12 of the scraper sleeves 10 project inward from the filter field composed of the filter rods 5 and the base slats 11 of the scraper sleeves 10 into the filter basket segment 3 composed of the filter field segment and a filter carrier 6, which is not shown in this view. The filter rods 5 have on their inner side a guard 5a for reducing wear.

[0060] In Figure 3 A partial perspective view of an embodiment of the device 1 for pressing according to the present application in the region of an open and only partially equipped filter basket 2 is shown. The filter basket segment 4 shown is arranged in a filter carrier 6. Arranged next to the filter basket segment 4 (arranged on the right side of the filter carrier 6) is a dividing filter ring 7, which balances the change in diameter of the filter carrier 6, so that the diameter of the pressing space in the conveying direction is continuously reduced in the region of the dividing filter ring 7. Shown approximately in the middle of the filter carrier 6 is the filter basket segment 4 with three scraper sleeves 10 mounted into the filter field. Next to the filter basket segment 4, in the filter carrier 6 there are arranged fastening means 9 for fastening a not shown clamping strip 8 for fixing the filter rods 5 and / or the scraper sleeves 10 in the respective filter basket segment 4.

[0061] Figure 4 A view of an embodiment of the device 1 for pressing according to the present application in the region of a scraper sleeve 10 with an open filter basket 2 is shown. In the filter basket 2 there are arranged two conveying worms 13a, 13b arranged one after the other on a common worm shaft. Between the first conveying worm 13a and the second worm 13b there is arranged a taper element 15. The conveying worms 13a, 13b respectively have a hollow-cylindrical base body, on which there is respectively arranged at least one worm flank 14. The worm lead of the respective conveying worm 13a, 13b is delimited by the at least one worm flank 14. The base body of the first conveying worm 13a has a smaller diameter than the base body of the second conveying worm 13b. The taper element 15 effects a substantially continuous transition from the diameter of the base body of the first conveying worm 13a to the diameter of the base body of the second conveying worm 13b. The worm flanks 14 and thus the worm lead of the first conveying worm 13a end in front of the protrusion 12 of the scraper sleeve 10 in the conveying direction with a small spacing. No worm flanks 14 are arranged in the region of the taper element 15. The worm flanks 14 and thus the worm lead of the second conveying worm 13b begin behind the end of the protrusion 12 of the scraper sleeve 10 in the conveying direction with a spacing.

[0062] The filter rods 5 and the scraper sleeve 10 of the filter basket segment 4 are fixed in the filter basket segment 4 by means of the fastening strips 8.

[0063] In the region of the conical element 15, a pressure region of the press 1 for pressing is configured, in which the scraper sleeve 10 is also arranged.

[0064] In Figure 5 A cross section of the scraper sleeve 10 according to an embodiment of the application is shown in Fig. 1. The lower side and the upper side of the base strip 11 of the scraper sleeve 10 are curved along circular arc segments. The lower side of the base strip 11 of the scraper sleeve 10 is curved along a circular arc segment of a first circle with a diameter A, while the upper side of the base strip 11 of the scraper sleeve 10 is curved along a circular arc segment of a second circle with a diameter B. The upper side of the protrusion 12 of the scraper sleeve 10 is also curved along a circular arc segment, here of a third circle with a diameter C. In a three-dimensional perspective with the respective lengths, the previously mentioned sides are each configured in a cylindrical wall segment.

[0065] The scraper sleeve 10 has a width a in the region of the upper side of the base strip 11 and a width b in the region of the upper side of the protrusion 12.

[0066] With respect to the central axis X-X', the base strip 11 of the scraper sleeve 10 extends in an angle region I in a first direction laterally along the circular arc segment of the first circle and in an angle region II in a second direction opposite thereto.

[0067] In an embodiment of the application, the angle region I and the angle region II differ from one another. In an embodiment of the application, one angle region is greater than the other angle region.

[0068] The scraper sleeve 10 has a guard 16 on the upper side of the protrusion 12.

[0069] Figure 6 A cross section of the scraper sleeve 10 according to the application in the longitudinal direction is shown. The scraper sleeve 10 has a length c. On the upper side of the base strip 11, a guard 16 is arranged around the protrusion 12. The protrusion 12 has a length d and is arranged at a distance e from the first end of the scraper sleeve 10. The protrusion 12 has a height which decreases in the longitudinal direction of the scraper sleeve 10. Here, the upper side of the protrusion 12 is arranged at an angle III with respect to the prolongation of the side wall of the protrusion 12. At the highest position, the scraper sleeve 10 has a height f.

[0070] The absolute design dimensions of the individual parameters of the scraper sleeve 10 depend on the overall layout of the filter basket. In particular, the desired number and width of the gaps, the throughput of the pressed articles through the entire press, the degree to which the liquid component is pressed out of the pressed articles and the energy input acceptable for the pressing process are influential.

[0071] The dimensions of the flight jacket 10 according to the embodiments of the present application mentioned below relate to the overall flight jacket 10 according to the embodiments of the present application and not to the individual embodiments mentioned previously.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present application, the width a of the flight jacket 10 is 30 mm to 80 mm. In a preferred embodiment, it is 45 mm to 65 mm.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present application, the height f of the flight jacket 10 is 30 mm to 60 mm. In a preferred embodiment, it is 40 mm to 50 mm.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present application, the width b of the protrusion 12 of the flight jacket 10 is 10 mm to 40 mm. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, it is 20 mm to 30 mm.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present application, the length d of the protrusion 12 of the flight jacket 10 is 40 mm to 80 mm. In a preferred embodiment, it is 50 mm to 70 mm.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present application, the angle region I and the angle region II are between 5° and 15°, respectively.

[0077] The angle III is adapted to the contour of the cone section in the respective pressure region of the device for pressing. In one embodiment of the present application, the angle III is 80° to 89°. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the angle III is 84° to 88°.

Claims

1. A pressing apparatus (1) having a pressing space defined by at least one filter basket (2) and at least two conveying worms (13a, 13b) arranged sequentially on a common worm shaft, each of the conveying worms (13a, 13b) having a worm lead, wherein, Pressure zones are respectively arranged between the conveying worms (13a, 13b), wherein in at least one pressure zone, at least one scraper sleeve (10) is arranged between the filter rods (5) of the filter field, the at least one scraper sleeve having at least one protrusion (12) extending into the pressing space, the scraper sleeve (10) having a base strip (11) and a protrusion (12) extending from the base strip (11), wherein the base strip (11) of the scraper sleeve (10) has a profile adapted to the shape of the filter basket (2), and the base strip (11) is constructed as a hollow cylindrical segment, the at least one pressure zone has no worm lead, and the height of the protrusion (12) of the at least one scraper sleeve (10) decreases in the longitudinal direction, and the protrusion is nose-shaped, and the base strip (11) of the scraper sleeve is arched in the transverse direction, so that the outer side of the scraper sleeve (10) realizes a section of cylindrical surface or the base strip realizes a hollow cylindrical segment.

2. The device (1) for pressing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a pressure zone, at least two scraper sleeves (10) are arranged in the filter field of the corresponding filter basket section (4).

3. The device (1) for pressing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scraper sleeves (10) are evenly distributed in the corresponding filter basket sections (4).

4. The pressing device (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outline of the protrusion (12) of at least one scraper sleeve (10) is adapted to the shape of the conveying device in the corresponding filter basket section (4).

5. A method for pressing, characterized in that, The pressed article is conveyed to the pressure zone by means of a first conveying worm (13a), and the pressed article is thoroughly mixed and / or guided and / or held in the pressure zone by means of a plurality of scraper sleeves (10), and the pressed article is further conveyed in the conveying direction behind the pressure zone by means of a second conveying worm (13b), characterized in that the pressing device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used.

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