A dense point three-dimensional laser processing device

Abstract

The present invention provides a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device, including an X-direction translation guide, a work platform, a machine tool arranged on one side of the work platform, a fixed plate arranged on the other side of the work platform, and a laser arranged on the machine tool, wherein one end of the X-direction translation guide is installed on the machine tool, and the other end is installed on the fixed plate, the work platform is installed on the X-direction translation guide, and a laser dense point laser processing head is provided on the work platform. The dense point three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention adopts a continuous high-power laser as a processing light source, and there are multiple processing heads to realize multi-head processing, so that the laser power is fully utilized and has a very fast processing speed. A multi-prism and a spectroscopic mechanism are used for spectroscopic analysis to divide the continuous high-power laser beam into multiple pulse laser outputs, so that the laser energy utilization efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the service life is long.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of machine tool processing, and in particular to a dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device. Background Art

[0002] Laser is a coherent light source of stimulated radiation, which has the advantages of good coherence, high brightness, and collimation. When using laser to process the surface of parts, the physical structure, chemical properties and metallographic structure of the surface of the object will change, thereby changing the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the surface of the object. Based on this, researchers have developed technologies such as laser surface hardening, laser surface cladding, laser surface alloying, laser shock hardening and laser amorphization. These technologies have been widely used in the manufacturing field. Although laser surface treatment technology has good application prospects, the efficiency of laser processing is limited because it is necessary to ensure that the laser spot area is very small during the processing process to maintain a high power.

[0003] In response to the problem of low processing efficiency, some researchers use multiple sets of lasers to process simultaneously to improve processing efficiency. This solution greatly increases the application cost. Another way to improve processing efficiency is to increase the area of ​​the laser spot. In order to ensure the processing effect, the overall power of the laser needs to be increased. As the power of the laser increases, the price also gradually increases, increasing the cost. Another way to improve processing efficiency is to optimize the processing route and reduce unnecessary time, thereby improving processing efficiency. However, this method has high requirements on the positioning accuracy of the machine tool, and also has high requirements on the acceleration of the laser head movement, and the room for improvement is limited. The commonly used method now is to design a galvanometer at the laser head and use the galvanometer to control the movement of the light beam, but this method still uses a single focus point for processing, and the efficiency improvement is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device to solve the problem of low processing efficiency of the laser dense point laser processing technology in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device, comprising an X-direction translation guide rail, a working platform, a machine tool arranged on one side of the working platform, a fixed plate arranged on the other side of the working platform, and a laser arranged on the machine tool, wherein one end of the X-direction translation guide rail is installed on the machine tool, and the other end is installed on the fixed plate, the working platform is installed on the X-direction translation guide rail, and a laser dense point laser processing head is provided on the working platform.

[0007] Furthermore, the laser dense point laser processing head moves along the Z direction on the working platform, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Z direction.

[0008] Furthermore, the machine tool is provided with a Y-direction translation guide rail, two ends of the X-direction translation guide rail are respectively mounted on the Y-direction translation guide rail and a fixed plate, and the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0009] Furthermore, a conveying device is provided below the working platform, and the conveying device includes a plurality of rotating rollers arranged in parallel, one end of the rotating roller is mounted on the machine tool, and the other end is mounted on the fixed plate, and the rotating roller is arranged in parallel with the X-direction translation guide rail.

[0010] Furthermore, the laser dense point laser processing head includes a polygonal prism structure, a front beam splitter arranged on the right side of the polygonal prism structure, two rear beam splitters symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter, and a collimating mirror arranged between the polygonal prism structure and the front beam splitter. Two focusing heads are also symmetrically arranged on the right side of the front beam splitter, and the two focusing heads are arranged side by side.

[0011] Furthermore, the front beam splitter includes two symmetrically arranged reflectors, and the front beam splitter evenly splits the light collimated by the collimator into two parts, and the split light passes through rear beam splitters symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter.

[0012] Furthermore, the polygonal prism mechanism includes a polygonal prism and a motor for driving the polygonal prism to rotate. When the polygonal prism rotates clockwise, the reflected light is scanned from top to bottom in sequence at the collimating lens, and the collimating lens collimates the light reflected from the polygonal prism.

[0013] Furthermore, the rear beam splitter includes two identical reflectors. By adjusting the angle between the two reflectors, the laser forms two non-parallel laser beams at a certain angle after passing through the rear beam splitter, thereby achieving re-beam splitting. The re-split light beams form two focal points through a focusing mirror.

[0014] Furthermore, the reflector of the rear beam splitter is placed on an angle shifter, and the output of different focus point arrays is achieved by adjusting the tilt angle of the reflector; when the angle of the reflector is 0, the focus points are arranged in a line.

[0015] Furthermore, the focusing head includes a focusing lens and a wedge-shaped prism arranged in front of the focusing lens. The parallel light passes through the wedge-shaped prism and then passes through the focusing lens to form two focusing points, thereby achieving re-splitting.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0017] 1. An embodiment of the present invention provides a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device, which uses a continuous high-power laser as a processing light source and has multiple processing heads to achieve multi-head processing, so that the laser power is fully utilized and has a very fast processing speed.

[0018] 2. Use polygonal mirrors and beam splitting mechanisms to split the continuous high-power laser beam into multiple pulse laser outputs, with high laser energy utilization efficiency, low cost and long service life.

[0019] 3. Use continuous high-power laser (CO2 laser, YAG laser, fiber laser). The technology is mature.

[0020] 4. Double-head focusing: two focusing heads are placed side by side and the focal length is adjusted synchronously, so that the performance of the light output by each focusing head is almost the same and the processing effect is consistent.

[0021] 5. The number of light beams output from each focusing head is more than one, and the number of focused points is more than one. Compared with the original focusing head focusing one light beam, the utilization rate of the focusing head is improved, the number of focusing heads is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the structure is simplified.

[0022] 6. Precision adjustment of the lateral spacing between the focus points in the same focusing head. By controlling the angle between the rear reflectors in the beam splitting mechanism or adding a wedge lens with a specific angle in the focusing head, the lateral spacing of the focus points can be precisely controlled to improve processing efficiency.

[0023] 7. Precision adjustment of the horizontal distance between the focus points of the two focusing heads. Adjusting the focus point distance between the two focusing heads to achieve different processing accuracy requirements can expand the application scenarios of the equipment.

[0024] 8. Control and match between the rotation speed of the polygon mirror and the speed of parts transmission. The faster the rotation speed of the polygon mirror, the faster the parts transmission speed, the faster the processing speed, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.

[0025] 9. During the processing, multiple focus points can be output at one time, and the processing speed is improved.

[0026] 10. The relative three-dimensional movement between the focusing head and the processed parts can be realized, thus achieving three-dimensional processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the dense point three-dimensional laser processing device provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 The second structural schematic diagram of the dense point three-dimensional laser processing device provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a laser dense point laser processing head in a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the front beam splitter in the dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5a and Figure 5b This is one of the schematic diagrams for adjusting the rear beam splitter in the dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6a and Figure 6b This is one of the schematic diagrams for adjusting the rear beam splitter in the dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a focusing head with a wedge-shaped lens in a dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a focusing head without a wedge-shaped lens in a dense point-shaped three-dimensional laser processing device provided by the present invention;

[0036] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1-laser, 2-machine tool, 201-Y-direction translation guide, 202-X-direction translation guide, 203-rotating roller, 204-fixed plate, 3-small parts, 4-working platform, 5-laser dense point laser processing head, 501-polygonal prism structure, 502-collimating mirror, 503-front beam splitter, 504-rear beam splitter, 5041-reflector, 5042-angle shifter, 505-focusing head, 5051-wedge prism, 5052-focusing mirror, 6-large parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the term "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The present embodiment provides a dense point three-dimensional laser processing device, including an X-direction translation guide rail 202, a work platform 4, a machine tool 2 arranged on one side of the work platform 4, a fixed plate arranged on the other side of the work platform 4, and a laser 1 arranged on the machine tool 2, one end of the X-direction translation guide rail 202 is installed on the machine tool 2, and the other end is installed on the fixed plate 204, the work platform 4 is installed on the X-direction translation guide rail 202, and a laser dense point laser processing head 5 is provided on the work platform 4.

[0042] Preferably, the laser dense point laser processing head 5 moves along the Z direction on the working platform 4, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Z direction.

[0043] When used for processing small parts 3, the machine tool 2 is provided with a Y-direction translation guide rail 201, and the two ends of the X-direction translation guide rail 202 are respectively installed on the Y-direction translation guide rail 201 and the fixed plate 204, and the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0044] When used for processing large parts 6, a conveying device is provided under the work platform 4, and the conveying device includes a plurality of rotating rollers 203 arranged in parallel, one end of the rotating roller 203 is installed on the machine tool 2, and the other end is installed on the fixed plate 204, and the rotating roller 203 is arranged parallel to the X-direction translation guide rail 202.

[0045] When processing a part, the working platform 4 can control the laser dense point laser processing head 5 to move in the Z direction, and the movement distance is adapted to the shape of the part to ensure that the focus point is on the surface of the part.

[0046] Preferably, the laser dense point laser processing head 5 includes a polygonal prism structure 501, a front beam splitter 503 arranged on the right side of the polygonal prism structure 501, two rear beam splitters 504 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter 503, and a collimating mirror 502 arranged between the polygonal prism structure 501 and the front beam splitter 503. Two focusing heads 505 are also symmetrically arranged on the right side of the front beam splitter 503, and the two focusing heads 505 are arranged side by side.

[0047] Preferably, the front beam splitter 503 includes two symmetrically arranged reflectors 5041 , and the front beam splitter 503 evenly splits the light collimated by the collimator 502 into two parts, and the split light passes through rear beam splitters 504 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter 503 .

[0048] Preferably, the polygonal prism mechanism 501 includes a polygonal prism and a motor for driving the polygonal prism to rotate. When the polygonal prism rotates clockwise, the reflected light is scanned from top to bottom at the collimator 502, and the collimator 502 collimates the light reflected by the polygonal prism.

[0049] Preferably, the rear beam splitter 504 includes two identical reflectors 5041, and by adjusting the angle between the two reflectors 5041, the laser beam passes through the rear beam splitter 504 to form two non-parallel laser beams with a certain angle, so as to achieve re-splitting, and the re-splitting light beams pass through the focusing mirror 5052 to form two focal points. The reflector 5041 of the rear beam splitter 504 is placed on the angle shifter 5042, and by adjusting the tilt angle of the reflector 5041, the output of different focal point arrays is achieved; when the angle of the reflector 5041 is 0, the focal points are arranged in a line.

[0050] Preferably, the focusing head 505 includes a focusing lens 5052 and a wedge-shaped prism 5051 disposed in front of the focusing lens 5052. The parallel light passes through the wedge-shaped prism 5051 and then passes through the focusing lens 5052 to form two focusing points, thereby achieving re-splitting.

[0051] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 3 As shown, the polygonal prism mechanism 501 includes a polygonal prism and a high-speed motor that drives the polygonal prism to rotate. When the polygonal prism rotates clockwise, the reflected light is scanned from top to bottom in sequence by the collimator 502. The collimator 502 collimates the light reflected by the polygonal prism. The size needs to ensure that during the rotation of the polygonal prism, the reflected light formed by the scanning passes through the collimator 502. The front beam splitter 503 is composed of two reflectors 5041. Figure 4 , the angle between the two reflectors 5041 is β, which is used to evenly divide the light collimated by the collimator 502 into two parts, realizing the first beam splitting. The light after the beam splitting passes through the rear beam splitter 504 respectively, and each rear beam splitter 504 is composed of two identical reflectors 5041. As shown in FIG6 , there is a certain angle θ between the two reflectors 5041, and this angle can be controlled and changed to ensure that after the laser passes through the rear beam splitter 504, two non-parallel laser beams with a certain angle are formed, realizing the second beam splitting. After the laser beam is split, it forms two focal points after passing through the focusing mirror 5052. The distance between the focal points is fθ, and f is the focal length of the focusing mirror. At the same time, as shown in FIG5 , the reflector 5041 of the rear beam splitter 504 is also placed on the angle shifter 5042, and the output of different focus point arrays can be achieved by adjusting the tilt angle of the reflector 5041. When the tilt angle of the reflector 5041 is 0, the focus points are arranged in a line, and when the tilt angle of the reflector 5041 is not 0, the focus points are arranged in a sawtooth state. Figure 7 As shown, a wedge-shaped prism 5051 is installed in front of the focusing lens 5052. After a beam of parallel light passes through the wedge-shaped prism 5051 and then passes through the focusing lens 5052, two focusing points can be formed, and the light can be split again. It can be foreseen that due to the two non-parallel beams formed by the rear beam splitter 504, four focusing points will be formed after passing through the focusing head 505 with the wedge-shaped prism 5051. When the edge of the wedge-shaped prism 5051 is parallel to the direction of laser scanning, four points will be formed side by side, with a 2*2 distribution. When the edge of the wedge-shaped prism 5051 is perpendicular to the direction of laser scanning, four linear points will be formed, with a 1*4 distribution. When the edge of the wedge-shaped prism 5051 is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the direction of laser scanning, a sawtooth distribution will be formed.

[0052] During the processing of parts, two focusing heads 505 are placed side by side, and the focal length can be adjusted synchronously to achieve the same processing effect. And by adjusting the angles of the two reflectors 5041 of the rear beam splitter 504 and the angle of the wedge prism 5051, one focusing head 505, multiple focusing points, and different columns of output can be achieved. And the distance of the focusing points of the same focusing head 505 can be precisely controlled by controlling the angle of the rear beam splitter 504 and the angle of the wedge prism 5051.

[0053] The parts to be processed are placed on the processing table. Figure 1 Or it can be carried by the conveyor to move in the Y direction. Figure 2 shown. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the working platform 4 on the machine tool 2 can perform three-dimensional motion, and its motion is controlled by the machine tool 2. The motion speed control of the working platform needs to match the rotation speed of the polygon mirror to achieve the optimal processing effect. Figure 2In the figure, the working platform on the machine tool 2 can make two-dimensional motion perpendicular to the Y direction, and its motion is controlled by the CNC machine tool 2. The parts can move in the Y direction under the action of the conveying device, and its motion is controlled by the CNC machine tool 2 to realize three-dimensional processing.

[0054] The movement speed control of the workbench needs to match the rotation speed of the polygon mirror to achieve the best processing effect.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, two focusing heads 505 are used in the example, and the distance between the focusing points of the two focusing heads 505 can be adjusted by changing the distance between the two reflectors 5041 of the rear beam splitter 504 and the distance between the focusing heads 505.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dense point three-dimensional laser processing device, characterized in that: It includes an X-direction translation guide rail, a working platform, a machine tool arranged on one side of the working platform, a fixed plate arranged on the other side of the working platform, and a laser arranged on the machine tool, wherein one end of the X-direction translation guide rail is installed on the machine tool, and the other end is installed on the fixed plate, the working platform is installed on the X-direction translation guide rail, and a laser dense point laser processing head is arranged on the working platform; The laser dense point laser processing head comprises a multi-prism structure, a front beam splitter arranged on the right side of the multi-prism structure, two rear beam splitters symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter, and a collimator arranged between the multi-prism structure and the front beam splitter, and two focusing heads are symmetrically arranged on the right side of the front beam splitter, and the two focusing heads are arranged side by side; The front beam splitter includes two symmetrically arranged reflectors, and the front beam splitter evenly splits the light collimated by the collimator into two parts, and the split light passes through the rear beam splitters symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front beam splitter respectively; The multi-prism structure includes a multi-prism and a motor for driving the multi-prism to rotate. When the multi-prism rotates clockwise, the reflected light is sequentially scanned from top to bottom at the collimator, and the collimator collimates the light reflected from the multi-prism. The rear beam splitter includes two identical reflectors. By adjusting the angle between the two reflectors, the laser beam is formed into two non-parallel laser beams with a certain angle after passing through the rear beam splitter, so as to achieve re-splitting. The re-splitting light beams are formed into two focusing points through the focusing mirror. The reflector of the rear beam splitter is placed on an angle shifter, and the output of different focus point arrays is achieved by adjusting the tilt angle of the reflector; when the angle of the reflector is 0, the focus points are arranged in a line; The focusing head includes a focusing lens and a wedge-shaped prism arranged in front of the focusing lens. The parallel light passes through the wedge-shaped prism and then passes through the focusing lens to form two focusing points, thereby achieving light splitting again.

2. The dense point three-dimensional laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser dense point laser processing head moves along the Z direction on the working platform, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Z direction.

3. The dense point three-dimensional laser processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The machine tool is provided with a Y-direction translation guide rail, two ends of the X-direction translation guide rail are respectively mounted on the Y-direction translation guide rail and a fixed plate, and the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction are perpendicular to each other.

4. The dense point three-dimensional laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conveying device is provided below the working platform, and the conveying device comprises a plurality of rotating rollers arranged in parallel, one end of the rotating roller is mounted on the machine tool, and the other end is mounted on the fixed plate, and the rotating roller is arranged in parallel with the X-direction translation guide rail.

Images