A device and method for detecting the profile of a steel rail

Abstract

The application provides a device and a method for rail profile detection. The device for rail profile detection comprises a line laser arranged on one side of a rail to be detected and configured to directly irradiate a part of the surface of the rail to be detected; a reflector arranged on the other side of the rail to be detected and configured to reflect part of the laser light stripe of the line laser to at least part of the surface of the rail to be detected which is not irradiated by the line laser; and an image acquisition module configured to acquire a diffuse reflection laser light signal of the rail to be detected to generate an image of the surface of the rail to be detected. The device for rail profile detection judges whether the profile information on the left side and the profile information on the right side are the profile information of the same surface of the rail by comparing whether the light stripes of the outgoing light and the reflected light irradiated on the surface of the rail coincide, and then collects the profile information of the rail. The process is simple, and the increase in system debugging demand and the generation of system errors caused by more light stripe coincidence are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of measurement and control devices, and in particular to a device and method for detecting rail profile. Background Technology

[0002] Since changes in rail profile directly affect the safe operation of railway rails, rail profile inspection helps to understand the service condition of rails and guide rail grinding operations, making it an important means of railway operation and maintenance. Common inspection methods are divided into contact inspection and non-contact inspection. Due to the high labor costs and low efficiency of contact inspection, most rail inspections currently employ non-contact inspection. The main principle of non-contact inspection is machine vision inspection based on line structured light.

[0003] Existing technology describes a rail profile detection device based on polarization imaging. A laser imaging main unit, including a line laser, a linear polarizer, a lens, and a camera, is arranged on both sides of the rail. The linear polarizer is mounted on the front end of the line laser and the lens, respectively. The light beam emitted by the line laser is incident perpendicularly to the rail surface, and the resulting diffuse reflection light serves as the measurement signal. After being imaged by the machine vision lens, it is focused onto the image sensor (CCD) of the camera. Reflection from an object's surface is mainly divided into specular reflection and diffuse reflection. In this measurement optical path, the diffuse reflection light from the rail surface is the measurement signal, while the specular reflection light is an interference signal. A line structured light imaging assembly is located on each side of the rail to acquire the left and right profiles of the rail, respectively. By combining the image of the light stripe on the CCD and the calibrated internal and external parameters of the camera, the rail profile information can be calculated by stitching together the left and right profiles of the rail. However, due to some remaining issues in the aforementioned technology, the device uses two line lasers and two cameras and lenses. Using two line lasers introduces the problem of laser registration. Because the laser beams emitted by different line lasers have slight spatial differences, even if the two line lasers are placed on the same plane, the two laser beams emitted by the two line lasers will not completely overlap on the rail surface; there may be an angle or a gap. Adjusting the lasers in this situation is difficult and cumbersome, requiring considerable time and effort to align the beams on the two rail surfaces. Otherwise, it will significantly affect the calibration error, potentially leading to inaccurate rail profile information. Furthermore, using two line lasers simultaneously is costly. If the divergence angle of the line lasers is large, in addition to irradiating the rail surface, it may also irradiate other areas unrelated to the detection, resulting in wasted energy.

[0004] Existing technology also proposes a reflector structure for use in a rail profile inspection instrument, including an inner reflector assembly. The inner reflector assembly includes: a first fixed base mounted on one end of the main unit's bottom surface near a through hole; a first support arm radially rotatably connected to the first fixed base; a first reflector mounting plate mounted on the first support arm; and a first reflector mounted on the first reflector mounting plate. The aforementioned existing technology uses a line laser to vertically illuminate the rail, and then places two sets of reflectors on both sides of the rail. By adjusting the reflectors, the laser beam is made to illuminate the surface that the line laser cannot reach. However, because two sets of reflectors are used, and the laser beam reflected by the reflectors and the beam emitted by the line laser need to be as close as possible to the line laser to minimize calibration error, both sets of reflectors need to be adjusted simultaneously to overlap the three laser beams in order to complete the acquisition of rail profile information.

[0005] In summary, existing rail profile detection devices are complex in structure, difficult to adjust, costly, and have low utilization of laser energy. This invention addresses these shortcomings by proposing a simple and rapid rail detection device and method that requires only the adjustment of a single reflector to achieve laser stripe alignment, making operation simple. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a device for detecting the profile of rails.

[0007] The device for rail profile inspection includes:

[0008] A line laser is placed on one side of the rail to be inspected and configured to directly irradiate a portion of the surface of the rail to be inspected.

[0009] A reflector is disposed on the other side of the rail to be tested and configured to reflect a portion of the laser beam from the line laser onto at least a portion of the surface of the rail to be tested that is not directly illuminated by the line laser.

[0010] The image acquisition module is configured to acquire the diffuse reflection laser light signal of the rail to be inspected in order to generate an image of the surface of the rail to be inspected.

[0011] The device for detecting rail profile determines whether the left and right profile information are the same as the profile information of the same cut surface of the rail by comparing whether the light stripes of emitted and reflected light pointed to the upper surface of the rail overlap. The process is simple and avoids the increased system debugging requirements and system errors caused by more overlapping light stripes.

[0012] The device for rail profile detection is simplified to obtain rail profile information using only a line laser and a reflector, avoiding system debugging and errors caused by using more lasers, while improving laser utilization and reducing costs.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle of inclination between a boundary laser stripe emitted by the line laser and the vertical plane is β, and the angle β satisfies the following relationship:

[0014] Wherein, the vertical distance between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of the directly irradiated surface of the rail to be tested is h, the horizontal distance between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail to be tested is d1, and the distance from the center line O of the rail to be tested to the bottom C of the rail to be tested is m.

[0015] satisfy At that time, the direct irradiation area of ​​the laser beam of the line laser can cover the bottom of the rail to be tested.

[0016] Furthermore, the device for detecting rail profile also includes a position adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the three-dimensional spatial position and tilt angle of the reflector.

[0017] The position adjustment mechanism adjusts the reflector so that the light strip that did not reach the rail is reflected by the reflector and then reaches the other side surface and the upper surface of the rail. The light strips of emitted light and reflected light that reach the upper surface of the rail coincide, so that the obtained contour information of both sides is the contour information of the same cross-section of the rail.

[0018] Furthermore, the β angle satisfies the following relationship: The reflector is positioned perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

[0019] This invention fixes the horizontal distance d1 between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail, as well as the height h of the line laser from the horizontal plane, so that the line laser emits light at an angle β with the vertical direction. Under these conditions, the emitted light shines on the rail as much as possible, maximizing the energy utilization of the line laser and avoiding energy waste.

[0020] When the reflector is at an angle to the horizontal direction, in order for the other side and the upper surface of the rail to be illuminated by the reflected light, the divergence angle of the line laser is required to be larger. In this case, part of the irradiation area of ​​the reflected light extends beyond the other side and the upper surface of the rail, resulting in a waste of laser energy.

[0021] Furthermore, line segment AB is the minimum dimension of the reflector, and the length lAB of line segment AB satisfies the following relationship:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, point G is the intersection of the horizontal line passing through the emission point S and the vertical plane where the reflector is located; point A is the upper limit point of the reflector; the mirror image of the emission point S of the line laser with respect to the vertical plane of the reflector is S'; S'E is tangent to the left side of the upper surface of the rail, with E being the tangency point; S'E intersects the boundary line of the emitted ray of the line laser at point A; and the length lGA of the line segment GA satisfies the following relationship: The angle between line segment SG and the boundary light strip passing through the upper surface of the rail is γ, where γ = 90 - θ - β, θ is the divergence angle of the line laser, and d2 is the distance from the center line O of the rail to the vertical plane of the reflector.

[0024] Point B is the lower limit point of the reflector. The line connecting the mirror point S' and the bottom D of the right side surface of the rail is S'D. The extension of SF intersects S'D at point B. The angle between line segment SF and line segment SC is α, and the angle between line segment SG and SF is 90° - α - β. The length lGB of line segment GB satisfies the following relationship:

[0025] The minimum length of the reflector is calculated to ensure that the emitted light, after reflection, illuminates the right and top surfaces of the rail. This facilitates the infrared camera's acquisition of the other side's contour and the light stripe formed by the reflected light on the top surface. The overlap between the light stripe formed by the reflected light and the incident light on the rail's top surface is compared to determine if the contour information on both sides belongs to the same cross-section of the rail. With the rail's position, β angle, model, and dimensions determined by the line laser, the above determination serves as the basis for adjusting the reflector's position and tilt angle.

[0026] Furthermore, the reflector is square, and the side length L of the reflector satisfies the following relationship:

[0027] L≥lAB.

[0028] When the side length of the square reflector satisfies the condition: L≥l AB Since the width of the laser beam is relatively narrow, much smaller than the side length of the square, the reflector can completely cover the other side and the top surface of the rail with reflected light.

[0029] Furthermore, the reflector is rectangular, and the long side L of the reflector... 长 and short side L 短 Satisfy the following relations:

[0030] L 长 ≥l AB

[0031] L短 ≥Laser stripe width

[0032] Only when the side length of the rectangular mirror satisfies the condition: the longer side L 长 ≥l AB And L 短 ≥ The width of the laser beam, in which case the reflector can completely cover the other side and the top surface of the rail with reflected light.

[0033] The present invention also provides a detection method for a device for detecting rail profile. The detection method for the device for detecting rail profile includes the following steps:

[0034] S1: Determine the position of the line laser, the light strip emitted by the line laser covers one side and the upper surface of the rail, and part of the light strip passes over the upper surface of the rail.

[0035] S2: Determine the position and size of the reflector, which will reflect the light strip that passed above the rail in S1 to the other side surface and the upper surface of the rail.

[0036] S3: Using the area covered by the light strip in S1 on the upper surface of the rail as a reference, adjust the position and angle of the reflector so that the area covered by the reflected light strip in S2 on the upper surface of the rail coincides with the area covered by the light strip in S1 on the upper surface of the rail.

[0037] S4: The detection module collects the contour information of both sides of the rail.

[0038] Further, determining the location of the line laser includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: Set up a line laser, measure the vertical distance h between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of one side surface of the rail, the horizontal distance d1 between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail, and the distance m from the center line O of the rail to the bottom C of the left side surface.

[0040] S2: Based on the measurement results in S1 and the relationship between the boundary light strip emitted by the line laser and the tilt angle β of the vertical plane. Determine the angle at which the line laser emits laser light.

[0041] S3: Determine whether the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser can pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector. If the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser cannot pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector, repeat steps S1 and S2 until the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser can pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector.

[0042] Further, determining the position and size of the reflector includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: The reflector is set on the other side of the rail. The horizontal distance d1 between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail is measured. The vertical distance d2 between the vertical plane of the reflector and the center line O of the rail is measured. The vertical distance h between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of one side surface of the rail is measured. The distance m between the center line O of the rail and the bottom C of the left side surface is measured.

[0044] S2: Calculate the length lGA of line segment GA according to the following formula:

[0045] Point G is the intersection of the horizontal line passing through the emission point S and the vertical plane containing the reflector. Point A is the upper limit point of the reflector. The mirror image of the line laser's emission point S with respect to the vertical plane of the reflector is S'. S'E is tangent to the left side of the upper surface of the rail, with E being the tangency point. S'E intersects the boundary line of the emitted ray from the line laser at point A. The angle between line segment SG and the boundary ray passing through the upper surface of the rail is γ, where γ = 90 - θ - β, and θ is the divergence angle of the line laser. S3: Measure the included angle α, and calculate the length lGB of line segment GB according to the following formula:

[0046] Point B is the lower limit point of the reflector. The line connecting the mirror point S' and the bottom D of the right side surface of the rail is S'D. The extension of SF intersects S'D at point B. The angle between line segment SF and line segment SC is α, and the angle between line segment SG and SF is 90-α-β.

[0047] S4: Based on the calculation results of S2 and S3, calculate the length lAB of line segment AB according to the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] S5: Select a reflector whose vertical length is greater than or equal to the length of line segment AB calculated in S4. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for detecting the profile of a rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the optical path of a centerline laser;

[0053] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the device used for rail profile inspection from another angle;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reflected light path of a mirror at a different angle from the horizontal plane, as proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Among them, 01 is an infrared camera, 02 is a lens, 03 is a line laser, 04 is a reflector, and 05 is a rail. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Various embodiments of this disclosure will be described more fully below. This disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0057] Existing technologies use two sets of reflectors, and the laser beams reflected by these reflectors and emitted by the line laser need to be aligned as closely as possible to minimize calibration errors. Therefore, both sets of reflectors must be adjusted simultaneously to align the three laser beams and acquire rail profile information. Rail profile detection devices are complex in structure, requiring adjustment of components involved in two laser paths to obtain complete information about the rail's contours on both sides, making operation difficult. This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a device for rail profile detection. The detection process is simple and fast; only one reflector needs to be adjusted to obtain complete information about the rail's contours on both sides. It is easy to operate, improves laser utilization, and reduces costs.

[0058] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting the profile of a rail according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 1 for detecting the profile of a rail includes an infrared camera 01, a lens 02, a line laser 03, and a reflector 04. The infrared camera 01 and the laser lens 02 constitute an image acquisition module for acquiring the contour information of the two side surfaces and the top surface of the rail 05. The infrared camera 01 and the lens 02 include two sets of components, respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the rail 05.

[0059] The laser beam emitted by the line laser 03 is a plane. Since the laser cannot penetrate the rail 05, a single line laser irradiates the surface of the rail. No matter how the line laser 03 is placed, it cannot irradiate the entire surface of the rail 05 at the same time.

[0060] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment utilizes a single line laser 03 and a single reflector 04 to obtain the contour information of both sides of the rail 05. In this embodiment, the line laser 03 and the reflector 04 are respectively positioned on the left and right sides of the rail 05. The line laser 03 is located diagonally above the left side of the rail 05, and the reflector 04 is located on the right side of the rail 05. Alternatively, the line laser 03 and the reflector 04 can be positioned in opposite directions.

[0061] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the optical path of the centerline laser. The laser emission point of the line laser 03 is S. The boundary line of the emitted ray from S intersects the left side surface of the rail 05 at the bottom left side C of the rail. Another boundary line of the emitted ray from S intersects the reflecting surface of the mirror at A. The emitted ray from S is tangent to the upper surface of the rail 05 at the point of tangency F. The extension of SF intersects the mirror 04 at B. The light strip between rays SC and SF illuminates the left and upper surfaces of the rail 05. The light strip between rays SF and SA does not illuminate the surface of the rail 05 but passes above the upper surface of the rail 05 and illuminates the reflecting surface of the mirror 04 located on the right side of the rail 05. The remaining light strip is reflected to the right surface of the rail 05 by the mirror reflection of the mirror 04. The reflected light from point A is tangent to the upper surface of the rail 05 at point E. The reflected light from point B intersects the right side surface of the rail 05 at the bottom right side D. The reflected light from the reflector 04 covers both the right and upper surfaces of the rail 05. Thus, the contours of both sides and the upper surface of the rail 05 are covered. Using the infrared cameras 01 and lenses 02 located on the left and right sides of the rail 05, the left and right side contour information of the rail 05 can be acquired. By combining the image of the light stripe on the CCD image sensor of the infrared camera 01 with the calibrated internal and external parameters of the camera, the contour information of the rail 05 can be calculated by stitching together the left and right side contours.

[0062] The device 1 for rail profile detection described in this embodiment achieves the requirement of acquiring the profile information of both sides of the rail 05 using only one set of line laser 03 and reflector 04. Compared with the prior art, it simplifies the components, makes the system debugging more convenient, the operation simpler, and saves costs.

[0063] At this moment, the boundary line of the emitted light from the line laser 03 at point S precisely illuminates the bottom of the left side surface of the rail 05, without illuminating other areas unrelated to information acquisition. This maximizes the utilization of the laser energy of the line laser 03. Simultaneously, the light reflected by the reflector 04 also precisely illuminates the bottom of the right side surface of the rail 05, further maximizing the utilization of reflected light. Under these conditions, the laser 03 is in an optimal position, and the reflector 04 has an optimal angle and minimum size.

[0064] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the device used for rail profile detection from another angle. To fully utilize the energy of the line laser 03 without loss, the line laser 03 must be at a certain angle β to the vertical direction, and the edge of the emitted light strip from the line laser 03 must be able to illuminate the leftmost surface of the bottom 05 of the rail. Therefore, the emitted light SC of the line laser 03 intersects the leftmost surface of the bottom of the rail 05 at point C. Assuming the vertical distance h between the emission point of the line laser and the leftmost end C of the bottom of the rail, the distance OC between the center O of the rail and C are known (m), and the horizontal distance OK between the center O of the bottom of the rail and the emission point is known (d1), then the angle β is calculated using geometric relationships to be equal to:

[0065]

[0066] To maximize the use of reflected light, the reflector 04 is positioned at an optimal angle, that is, it is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Please refer to... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reflected light path of a mirror at a different angle from the horizontal plane, as proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] The reflectors AB, with different included angles, are set perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the emission angle of the line laser is θ. However, the reflector JL is set at an angle to the horizontal plane. To ensure the reflected light covers the right and upper surfaces of the rail 05, the line laser 03 needs a reflection angle θ' larger than the emission angle θ. Simultaneously, the area irradiated by the other boundary reflected light LM exceeds the required area, resulting in wasted laser energy. Therefore, setting the reflector 04 perpendicular to the horizontal plane can further improve the energy utilization of the laser beam from the line laser 03.

[0068] The reflector 04 has a small size. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the device used for rail profile detection from another angle.

[0069] The horizontal distance OH from the mirror surface of the reflector 04 to the center point O at the bottom of the rail is d2 (d2 > m). Then, the distance KH from the emission point S of the line laser 03 to the reflecting surface of the reflector 04 is d1 + d2. At this time, taking the reflecting surface of the reflector 04 as the reference, the mirror image point S' of the emission point S behind the reflector 04 is drawn. At this time, taking S' as the starting point, a straight line S'E tangent to the left side of the rail surface is drawn, with E as the tangency point. S'E will intersect with the other end emission ray of the line laser at a point A. Point A is the upper limit point of the mirror surface of the reflector 04. If the other lower limit point can be determined, the minimum mirror size of the reflector 04 can be obtained. Connect the mirror point S' to the rightmost endpoint D of the bottom of the rail to obtain the straight line S'D. Simultaneously, starting from the exit point S, draw a straight line SF tangent to the right side of the upper rail surface, with the point of tangency being F. Extend line SF until it intersects line S'D, obtaining the intersection point B. Point B is the lower limit point of the mirror surface of the reflector 04. The minimum mirror size of the reflector 04 can be determined by the distance of line AB. Since the angle β has already been calculated, the angle γ between line segment SA and the horizontal direction is 90° - θ - β; therefore, the length of line segment GA can be calculated.

[0070]

[0071] Since the dimensions of rail 05 are known and fixed, once the position of the launch point S is fixed, its dimensions are also determined. Therefore, the length of line segment SC from point S to point C on the left side of the bottom of rail 05 is also a constant, as is the length of the right tangent SF on the upper surface of rail 05. SC and SF do not change with the change of the vertical distance d1 from the mirror surface of mirror 04 to the center point O at the bottom of rail. Therefore, the angle α between SC and SF is also a constant, equivalent to a known quantity. Thus, the angle between line segment SG and SF (SB) is equal to 90° - (α + β). Since the length of SG is known as d1 + d2, the length of GB can be calculated.

[0072]

[0073] The length of line segment AB, which is the minimum dimension of the mirror 04, can be calculated from the lengths of line segments GA and GB.

[0074]

[0075] Only when the minimum conditions mentioned above are met can the reflective mirror 04 reflect light to cover the right and top surfaces of the rail 05.

[0076] When the reflector 04 is square, the side length of the square reflector 04 must satisfy the condition: L≥lAB Because the width of the laser beam is relatively narrow, much smaller than the side length of the square, the reflector 04 can completely cover the right and top surfaces of the rail 05 with reflected light.

[0077] When the shape of the reflector 04 is rectangular, the following condition must be met: L 长 ≥l AB AB, and L 短 The reflector 04 is ≥ the width of the laser beam, and can completely cover the right and top surfaces of the rail 05 with reflected light.

[0078] In existing technologies, determining the contour information on both sides of the rail 05 requires comparing the emitted and reflected light in each of the two optical paths. The comparison between the detection result of one optical path as a standard value and the measurement result of the other optical path as the object to be detected requires comparing whether the three optical strips overlap, which is relatively difficult.

[0079] This embodiment simplifies the structure by only requiring a determination of whether the two light stripes overlap. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 for Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device used for rail profile detection from another angle. When the emitted light and reflected light coincide on the upper surface of the rail 05, rays SF and AE intersect at point I, and the emitted and incident light have a common coverage area, i.e., triangle ΔIEF. Due to assembly errors in the line laser 03 and the reflector 04, rays AE and SF may not overlap, requiring adjustment of the device 01 used for rail profile detection.

[0080] This embodiment also includes a position adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the three-dimensional spatial position and tilt angle of the reflector 04 so that the light path reflected by the reflector 04 coincides with the light path of the incident light, that is, there is a common coverage area triangle ΔIEF, so as to ensure that the contour information of the two sides of the obtained rail 05 belongs to the same rail cross-section.

[0081] Preferably, the position adjustment mechanism is a three-dimensional adjustment frame.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the implementation scenario can be distributed within the apparatus of the implementation scenario as described, or they can be located in one or more apparatuses different from this implementation scenario, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above-described implementation scenario can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0084] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely specific implementation scenarios of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the profile of rails, characterized in that, include: A line laser is placed on one side of the rail to be inspected and configured to directly irradiate a portion of the surface of the rail to be inspected. A reflector is disposed on the other side of the rail to be tested and configured to reflect a portion of the laser beam from the line laser onto at least a portion of the surface of the rail to be tested that is not directly illuminated by the line laser. The image acquisition module is configured to acquire the diffuse reflection laser light signal of the rail to be inspected in order to generate an image of the surface of the rail to be inspected. The angle of inclination β between a boundary laser stripe emitted by the line laser and the vertical plane is β, and the angle β satisfies the following relationship: ; Wherein, the vertical distance between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of the surface directly irradiated by the rail to be tested is h, the horizontal distance between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail to be tested is d1, and the distance from the center line O of the rail to be tested to the bottom C of the rail to be tested is m; The upper and lower limit points of the reflector are determined based on the intersection of the line connecting the mirror point S' of the vertical plane of the reflector with the edge of the upper surface and the bottom of the side surface of the rail and the boundary light, so that the light strip reflected by the reflector can cover the other side surface and the upper surface of the rail, and the irradiation boundary of the reflected light strip on the upper surface of the rail is tangent to or connected to the irradiation boundary of the light strip directly irradiated by the line laser on the upper surface of the rail. Line segment AB represents the minimum dimension of the reflector, and the length of line segment AB is... l AB The following relationship must be satisfied: Wherein, point G is the intersection of the horizontal line passing through the emission point S and the vertical plane where the reflector is located; point A is the upper limit point of the reflector; the mirror image of the emission point S of the line laser with respect to the vertical plane of the reflector is S'; S'E is tangent to the left side of the upper surface of the rail, with E being the tangency point; S'E intersects the boundary line of the emitted ray of the line laser at point A; and the length of line segment GA is... l GA The following relationship must be satisfied: The angle between line segment SG and the boundary light strip passing through the upper surface of the rail is γ, where γ = 90 - θ - β, θ is the divergence angle of the line laser, and d2 is the distance from the center line O of the rail to the vertical plane of the reflector. Point B is the lower limit point of the reflector. The line connecting the mirror point S' and the bottom D of the right side surface of the rail is S'D. The extension of SF intersects S'D at point B. The angle between line segment SF and line segment SC is α, and the angle between line segment SG and SF is 90° - α - β. The length of line segment GB is... l GB The following relationship must be satisfied: .

2. The device for rail profile detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device for detecting rail profile also includes a position adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the three-dimensional spatial position and tilt angle of the reflector.

3. The device for rail profile detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle β satisfies the following relationship: The reflector is set perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

4. The device for rail profile detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector is square, and the side length L of the reflector satisfies the following relationship: 。 5. The device for detecting rail profile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector is rectangular, and the long side L of the reflector is... 长 and short side L 短 Satisfy the following relations: 。 6. The detection method of the device for rail profile detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the position of the line laser, the light strip emitted by the line laser covers one side and the upper surface of the rail, and part of the light strip passes over the upper surface of the rail; S2: Determine the position and size of the reflector, which reflects the light strip that passes above the rail in S1 to the other side surface and the upper surface of the rail; S3: Using the area covered by the light strip in S1 on the upper surface of the rail as a reference, adjust the position and angle of the reflector so that the area covered by the reflected light strip in S2 on the upper surface of the rail coincides with the area covered by the light strip in S1 on the upper surface of the rail. S4: The detection module collects the contour information of both sides of the rail.

7. The detection method of the device for detecting rail profile according to claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the location of a line laser involves the following steps: S1: Set up a line laser, measure the vertical distance h between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of one side surface of the rail, the horizontal distance d1 between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail, and the distance m from the center line O of the rail to the bottom C of the left side surface. S2: Based on the measurement results in S1 and the relationship between the boundary light strip emitted by the line laser and the tilt angle β of the vertical plane. Determine the angle at which the line laser emits laser light; S3: Determine whether the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser can pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector. If the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser cannot pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector, repeat steps S1 and S2 until the other boundary light strip emitted by the line laser can pass through the upper surface of the rail and illuminate the reflector.

8. The detection method of the device for rail profile detection according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determining the size of the reflector involves the following steps: S1: The reflector is set on the other side of the rail. The horizontal distance d1 between the emission point S of the line laser and the center line O of the rail is measured. The vertical distance d2 between the vertical plane of the reflector and the center line O of the rail is measured. The vertical distance h between the emission point S of the line laser and the bottom C of one side surface of the rail is measured. The distance m from the center line O of the rail to the bottom C of the left side surface is measured. S2: Calculate the length of line segment GA according to the following formula. l GA : Point G is the intersection of the horizontal line passing through the emission point S and the vertical plane containing the reflector. Point A is the upper limit point of the reflector. The mirror image of the line laser's emission point S with respect to the vertical plane of the reflector is S'. S'E is tangent to the left side of the upper surface of the rail, with E being the tangency point. S'E intersects the boundary line of the emitted ray from the line laser at point A. The angle between line segment SG and the boundary ray passing through the upper surface of the rail is γ, where γ = 90 - θ - β, and θ is the divergence angle of the line laser. ; S3: Measure the included angle α, and calculate the length of line segment GB according to the following formula. l GB : Point B is the lower limit point of the reflector. The line connecting the mirror point S' and the bottom D of the right side surface of the rail is S'D. The extension of SF intersects S'D at point B. The angle between line segment SF and line segment SC is α. The angle between line segment SG and SF is 90-α-β. S4: Calculate the length of line segment AB according to the following formula. l AB : S5: Select a reflector whose vertical length is greater than or equal to the length of line segment AB calculated in S4.

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