A hole enlarging tool

Abstract

The present invention discloses a reaming tool, comprising a reaming body with a vertical central through hole, a center tube, an upper locking sleeve, a lower locking sleeve, a knife block, a sliding sleeve, a first helical compression spring, a push sleeve, a switch hole sleeve, a guide sleeve, a support sleeve, a base, a ball basket outer sleeve and a ball basket, and a flow channel opening and closing control and automatic reset structure formed by the guide sleeve, support sleeve, base, second helical compression spring and third helical compression spring. The present invention adds a ball basket so that the hole-opening balls and the hole-closing balls can fall into the ball basket, providing conditions for multiple reaming operations of the reaming tool, realizing the functions of full displacement circulation during drilling and full displacement start after drilling is in place, and selective reaming can be performed according to actual conditions during reaming while drilling, having a wide range of applications and application prospects. After drilling, the balls in the ball basket can be poured out, which is convenient for maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a hydraulic reaming tool for oil and gas field exploitation and drilling, in particular to an on-site reaming tool which can selectively reame according to actual conditions. Background Art

[0002] Hole reaming is a common engineering technique used in oil and gas field drilling, widely used in narrow-gap cementing and wellbore reduction repair. Hydraulic reamer is the primary downhole tool used in hole reaming operations. Hydraulic reamer can be used for both while-drilling and post-drilling hole reaming.

[0003] Traditional hydraulic reamers have the disadvantages of being unable to circulate during drilling and unable to selectively ream according to actual conditions. In addition, starting the pump during drilling will cause the blades to extend, which may scratch the casing and reduce the safety and efficiency of drilling operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hole-in-place reaming tool that can circulate during drilling and selectively expand the hole according to actual conditions in order to solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A situ reaming tool comprises a reaming body provided with a vertical central through hole, the vertical central through hole of the reaming body is installed with a vertical center tube, the upper and lower ends of the center tube are connected to the inner wall of the reaming body through an upper locking sleeve and a lower locking sleeve respectively, the upper wall of the reaming body is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed reaming holes and a knife block for reaming is installed in the reaming holes, the knife block can move vertically outside the center tube, the upper end of the knife block is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve, the upper end of the sliding sleeve is limited by the reaming body and can move vertically, and a second knife block with vertical elasticity is installed between the inner wall of the sliding sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube. The cam is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is connected to the upper end of the center tube of the described embodiment of the present invention, and the cam is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is connected to the center tube of the described embodiment of the present invention. The base, the ball blue jacket and the ball blue, the lower end portion of the lower locking sleeve is provided with an upwardly concave annular groove, a plurality of circumferentially distributed waist-shaped through holes are provided between the annular groove and the upper flow channel, the upper end of the guide sleeve is placed in the annular groove, the base is provided with a vertical central through hole and a vertical outer through hole, the base is connected to the lower end inner wall of the reamer body, the support sleeve is installed between the lower end of the lower locking sleeve and the upper end of the base, a second spiral compression spring with vertical elasticity is installed between the inner wall of the support sleeve and the outer wall of the middle and lower sections of the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve can move vertically, and the outer wall of the lower section of the switch hole sleeve is covered with a spring A third coil compression spring with vertical elasticity, the upper and lower ends of the third coil compression spring are limited by the lower end of the lower locking sleeve and the base respectively, the gap between the middle and lower inner wall of the guide sleeve and the lower outer wall of the switch hole sleeve forms a lower flow channel, the lower flow channel is communicated with the vertical outer through hole of the base, the upper end of the ball blue jacket is connected to the lower end of the eye-reaming body, the ball blue is placed in the vertical center through hole of the ball blue jacket, the upper and lower ends of the ball blue are connected to the upper inner wall and lower inner wall of the ball blue jacket through the support seat and the ball blue base respectively, the vertical outer through hole of the base is communicated with the vertical center through hole of the ball blue.

[0007] In the above structure, the reaming body, center tube, upper locking sleeve, lower locking sleeve, knife block, sliding sleeve, first helical compression spring, pushing sleeve, upper flow channel and switch hole sleeve and related structures are all conventional structures or adaptive structures of existing reaming tools; the guide sleeve is used to cooperate with the annular groove of the lower locking sleeve to realize the opening and closing control between the lower flow channel and the upper flow channel; the support sleeve is used to cooperate with the guide sleeve to install the second helical compression spring, so that the guide sleeve has an upward elastic force, which is convenient for resetting the guide sleeve when needed; the base is used as an installation limit support for the guide sleeve, the second helical spring and the third helical spring, and at the same time uses its own vertical external through hole to connect the lower flow channel with the vertical center through hole of the ball blue; the ball blue outer sleeve is used to install the ball blue, and at the same time realizes the installation of various components in the reaming body through the connection structure with the reaming body; the ball blue is used to store the hole-opening ball and the hole-closing ball, thereby realizing multiple reaming operations.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to utilize the drilling fluid in the upper flow channel to flush the cutter block, the push sleeve is provided with a flow hole communicating with the upper flow channel, and a bypass water eye communicating with the inside and outside is provided at a position corresponding to the flow hole on the reamer body. The bypass water eye is inclined from bottom to top and from inside to outside and has an angle of 30-60° with the vertical.

[0009] Preferably, in order to facilitate the installation of the blade block and the sliding sleeve, the upper end of the blade block is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve through a push block and a pressure block that are connected to each other.

[0010] Preferably, in order to facilitate the connection of the reaming tool to the drill string, the upper end of the reaming body is provided with an internal thread, and the lower end of the ball basket jacket is provided with an external thread.

[0011] Preferably, to achieve a good reaming effect, the blades are three and evenly distributed around the periphery of the reamer body. PDC cutting pins are provided on the exterior of the blades, with the PDC cutting teeth on the three blades providing full circumferential coverage. PDC cutting pins are polycrystalline diamond compact cutting teeth.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to increase the hardness and thus prolong the life of the product, the inner wall of the reamer body, the inner wall of the center tube, the inner wall of the basket jacket, the switch hole sleeve and the surface of the basket are sprayed with a tungsten carbide layer.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to achieve a good sealing effect, a first "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the upper locking sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, a second "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the upper locking sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube, a third "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the sliding sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, a first YX sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the pushing sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube, a second YX sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the pushing sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, and the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the inner wall of the center tube. A fourth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the wall and the outer wall of the central tube, a fifth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve at a position above the radial flow hole, a sixth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve at a position below the radial flow hole, a seventh "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the guide sleeve and the groove wall of the annular groove, and an eighth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the guide sleeve and the inner wall of the support sleeve.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The present invention adds a ball basket so that hole-opening balls and hole-closing balls can fall into the ball basket, providing conditions for multiple hole-reaming operations of the hole-reaming tool. Through the opening and closing control and automatic reset structure of the flow channel composed of the guide sleeve, the support sleeve, the base, the second spiral compression spring and the third spiral compression spring, the functions of full displacement circulation during drilling and full displacement start after drilling into position can be realized. In addition, selective hole reaming can be carried out according to actual conditions during drilling-while-reaming. The present invention has a wide range of applications and application prospects. After pulling out of the drill, the balls in the ball basket can be poured out, and maintenance is convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is an axial half-section structural diagram of the in-situ reaming tool of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is one of the axial half-section structural diagrams of the in-situ reaming tool of the present invention when in use;

[0018] Figure 3 This is the second axial half-section structural diagram of the in-situ reaming tool of the present invention when in use;

[0019] Figure 4 This is the third axial half-section structural diagram of the in-situ reaming tool of the present invention when in use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, the in-situ reaming tool of the present invention includes a reaming body 1 provided with a vertical central through hole, a vertical center pipe 5 is installed in the vertical central through hole of the reaming body 1, the central axis of the reaming body 1 coincides with the central axis of the center pipe 5, the upper end and the lower end of the center pipe 5 are connected to the inner wall of the reaming body 1 through an upper locking sleeve 3 and a lower locking sleeve 22 respectively, a plurality of circumferentially distributed reaming holes (not marked in the figure) are provided on the upper wall of the reaming body 1, and a knife block 16 for reaming is installed in the reaming holes , the knife block 16 can move vertically outside the center tube 5, the upper end of the knife block 16 is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve 10, the upper end of the sliding sleeve 10 is limited by the reaming body 1 and can move vertically, a first spiral compression spring 11 with vertical elasticity is installed between the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 10 and the outer wall of the center tube 5, the lower end of the knife block 16 is connected to the upper end of the pushing sleeve 17, the front section of the pushing sleeve 17 is sleeved outside the center tube 5 and can move vertically, and an upper flow channel (not marked in the figure) is formed between the inner wall of the middle and lower sections of the pushing sleeve 17 and the outer wall of the middle and upper sections of the lower locking sleeve 22. A radial flow hole 27 is provided on the lower section wall of the lower locking sleeve 22. The outer wall of the upper section of the switch hole sleeve 24 is sleeved in the inner wall of the middle and lower sections of the lower locking sleeve 22 and can move vertically. The upper section wall of the switch hole sleeve 24 is provided with multiple (generally two or three) conical Radial closing hole (not marked in the figure), radial flow holes 27 correspond to the radial closing holes one by one, the middle section of the switch hole sleeve 24 has a reduced aperture to form a vertical opening hole (not marked in the figure); the lower end of the lower locking sleeve 22 is provided with an upwardly concave annular groove (not marked in the figure), and a plurality of circumferentially distributed waist-shaped through holes (not marked in the figure) are provided between the annular groove and the upper flow channel. The upper end of the guide sleeve 31 is placed in the annular groove, and the base 35 is provided with a vertical central through hole (not marked in the figure) and a vertical outer through hole (that is, a vertical through hole located outside the vertical central through hole, not marked in the figure). The base 35 is connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the reamer body 1, and the support sleeve 33 is installed between the lower end of the lower locking sleeve 22 and the upper end of the base 35. The support sleeve 33 The second coil compression spring 34 with vertical elasticity is installed between the inner wall and the middle and lower outer wall of the guide sleeve 31, and the guide sleeve 31 can move vertically. The outer sleeve of the lower outer wall of the switch hole sleeve 24 is provided with a third coil compression spring 32 with vertical elasticity. The upper and lower ends of the third coil compression spring 32 are respectively limited by the lower end of the lower locking sleeve 22 and the base 35. The gap between the middle and lower inner wall of the guide sleeve 31 and the lower outer wall of the switch hole sleeve 24 forms a lower flow channel (not marked in the figure). The lower flow channel is connected to the vertical outer through hole of the base 35. The upper end of the ball blue jacket 38 is connected to the lower end of the eye reamer body 1, and the ball blue 37 is placed in the vertical center through hole of the ball blue jacket 38. The upper and lower ends of the ball blue 37 are connected to the upper inner wall and lower inner wall of the ball blue jacket 38 through the support seat 36 and the ball blue base 39 respectively, and the vertical outer through hole of the base 35 is connected to the vertical center through hole of the ball blue 37.

[0022] Figure 1Also shown are the first hole elastic retaining ring 4 for blocking and limiting the upper end of the central tube 5, the vertical central through hole 6 of the central tube 5, and the vertical central through hole 28 of the switch hole sleeve 24, which are conventional structures.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, when in use, the reaming tool is generally connected to the drill string; during the drilling process, it can be circulated as needed, and after being lowered to the designed position, the hole-opening ball 26 is put in, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, a high-pressure pump is used to pump the fluid to the lower part of the switch hole sleeve 24 and block the opening hole, forming a built-up pressure, pushing the switch hole sleeve 24 downward to the bottom. At this time, the third coil compression spring 32 is compressed, and the radial closing hole (also called circulation hole) of the switch hole sleeve 24 is aligned with the radial flow hole (also called circulation hole) of the lower locking sleeve 22, and the drilling fluid enters the upper flow channel; the drilling fluid pushes the push sleeve 17 upward, and the cutter block 16 opens to perform the hole expansion operation, while compressing the first coil compression spring 11; at the same time, the drilling fluid pushes the guide sleeve 31 downward, opening the channel between the guide sleeve 31 and the lower locking sleeve 22, and compressing the second coil compression spring 34. The drilling fluid can enter the vertical center hole of the ball basket 36 through the lower guide channel and the vertical outer through hole of the base 35 and continue to descend to form a passage, thereby establishing a new circulation channel and smoothly performing the hole expansion operation; as shown Figure 3 As shown, after the reaming operation is completed, two or three closing balls 23 are put in. After the closing balls 23 are pumped to the radial closing hole, the drilling fluid can no longer enter the upper flow channel, so a pressure buildup is formed in the switch hole sleeve 24, and the opening ball 26 is eventually sheared and knocked down, falling into the ball basket 37 at the bottom. The closing balls 23 also fall into the ball basket 37 along with the drilling fluid, and the drilling fluid flows downward from the vertical center through hole of the switch hole sleeve 24 to form a passage, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, due to the loss of drilling fluid pressure in the upper diversion channel, the third helical compression spring 32 pushes the switch hole sleeve 24 upward to reset, the second helical compression spring 34 pushes the guide sleeve 31 upward to reset, and the first helical compression spring 11 pushes the cutter block 16 downward to reset. Once all components have reset, the reaming operation is completely completed and the system returns to the unreamed state. When reaming is required again, the reaming ball 26 can be reactivated by reinserting it.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, various optimized structures of the present invention are also disclosed below. According to actual needs, the above structure and one or more of the following structures can be superimposed and combined to form a more optimized technical solution.

[0025] To flush the cutter block 16 with the drilling fluid in the upper flow channel, the push sleeve 17 is provided with a flow hole (not labeled in the figure) that communicates with the upper flow channel. A bypass water hole 21 is provided on the reamer body 1 at a position corresponding to the flow hole, communicating with the inside and outside. The bypass water hole 21 is inclined from bottom to top and from the inside to the outside, with an angle of 30-60° to the vertical, preferably 30°. After the drilling fluid enters the upper diversion channel, some of the drilling fluid will flow out of the reamer body 1 through the flow hole and bypass water hole 21 and penetrate upward to the outer surface of the cutter block 16, thereby flushing the cutter block 16.

[0026] In order to facilitate the installation of the blade block 16 and the sliding sleeve 10, the upper end of the blade block 16 is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve 10 through the push block 15 and the pressure block 12 connected to each other. The connection structure of the lower end of the blade block 16 is similar; Figure 1 Also shown is a hexagon socket head cap screw 14 for connecting the push block 15 and the pressure block 12. The hexagon socket head cap screw 14 passes through the second hole and is blocked and limited by the elastic retaining ring 13.

[0027] In order to facilitate the connection of the reaming tool to the drill string, the upper end of the reaming body 1 is provided with an internal thread 2, and the lower end of the ball basket jacket 38 is provided with an external thread 40.

[0028] In order to achieve a good reaming effect, there are three cutter blocks 16 evenly distributed on the periphery of the reaming body 1. PDC cutting pin teeth are provided on the outside of the cutter blocks 16, and the PDC cutting teeth on the three cutter blocks 16 form full coverage in the circumferential direction.

[0029] In order to increase the hardness and thus prolong the product life, the inner wall of the reamer body 1, the inner wall of the center tube 5, the inner wall of the ball basket jacket 38, the switch hole sleeve 24 and the surface of the ball basket 37 are sprayed with a tungsten carbide layer.

[0030] In order to achieve a good sealing effect, a first "O"-shaped sealing ring 7 is provided between the outer wall of the upper locking sleeve 3 and the inner wall of the reaming body 1, a second "O"-shaped sealing ring 8 is provided between the inner wall of the upper locking sleeve 3 and the outer wall of the center tube 5, a third "O"-shaped sealing ring 9 is provided between the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 10 and the inner wall of the reaming body 1, a first YX sealing ring 18 is provided between the inner wall of the pushing sleeve 17 and the outer wall of the center tube 5, a second YX sealing ring 19 is provided between the outer wall of the pushing sleeve 17 and the inner wall of the reaming body 1, and a second YX sealing ring 19 is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve 22 and the outer wall of the center tube 5. A fourth "O"-shaped sealing ring 20 is provided between the walls, a fifth "O"-shaped sealing ring 25 is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve 22 and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve 24 at a position above the radial flow hole, a sixth "O"-shaped sealing ring 29 is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve 22 and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve 24 at a position below the radial flow hole, a seventh "O"-shaped sealing ring 30 is provided between the inner wall of the guide sleeve 31 and the groove wall of the annular groove, and an eighth "O"-shaped sealing ring (not marked in the figure) is provided between the outer wall of the guide sleeve 31 and the inner wall of the support sleeve.

[0031] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not limitations on the technical solutions of the present invention. Any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without creative work should be deemed to fall within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reaming tool comprising a reaming body provided with a vertical center through hole, wherein a vertical center tube is installed in the vertical center through hole of the reaming body, the upper and lower ends of the center tube are connected to the inner wall of the reaming body through an upper locking sleeve and a lower locking sleeve respectively, a plurality of circumferentially distributed reaming holes are provided on the upper wall of the reaming body, and a knife block for reaming is installed in the reaming hole, the knife block can move vertically outside the center tube, the upper end of the knife block is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve, the upper end of the sliding sleeve is limited by the reaming body and can move vertically, and a tool is installed between the inner wall of the sliding sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube. A first helical compression spring with vertical elasticity, the lower end of the knife block is connected to the upper end of the push sleeve, the front section of the push sleeve is sleeved outside the center tube and can move vertically, an upper flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the middle and lower sections of the push sleeve and the outer wall of the middle and upper sections of the lower locking sleeve, a radial flow hole is provided on the lower section wall of the lower locking sleeve, the upper section outer wall of the switch hole sleeve is sleeved inside the inner wall of the middle and lower sections of the lower locking sleeve and can move vertically, a conical radial closing hole is provided on the upper section wall of the switch hole sleeve, the radial flow hole corresponds to the radial closing hole one-to-one, and the aperture of the middle section of the switch hole sleeve is reduced to form a vertical opening hole; it is characterized in that: The on-the-spot reaming tool also includes a guide sleeve, a support sleeve, a base, a ball blue jacket and a ball blue. The lower end of the lower locking sleeve is provided with an upwardly concave annular groove, and a plurality of circumferentially distributed waist-shaped through holes are provided between the annular groove and the upper flow channel. The upper end of the guide sleeve is placed in the annular groove, and the base is provided with a vertical central through hole and a vertical outer through hole. The base is connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the reaming body, and the support sleeve is installed between the lower end of the lower locking sleeve and the upper end of the base. A second spiral compression spring with vertical elasticity is installed between the inner wall of the support sleeve and the outer wall of the middle and lower sections of the guide sleeve. The guide sleeve can move vertically, and the switch hole sleeve The outer sleeve of the lower section outer wall is equipped with a third coil compression spring with vertical elasticity, and the upper and lower ends of the third coil compression spring are respectively limited by the lower end of the lower locking sleeve and the base, and the gap between the middle and lower section inner wall of the guide sleeve and the lower section outer wall of the switch hole sleeve forms a lower flow channel, and the lower flow channel is connected to the vertical outer through hole of the base, the upper end of the ball blue jacket is connected to the lower end of the eye-reaming body, and the ball blue is placed in the vertical center through hole of the ball blue jacket, and the upper and lower ends of the ball blue are respectively connected to the upper inner wall and lower inner wall of the ball blue jacket through a support seat and a ball blue base, and the vertical outer through hole of the base is connected to the vertical center through hole of the ball blue.

2. The hole-reaming tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push sleeve is provided with a flow hole communicating with the upper flow channel, and the position corresponding to the flow hole on the reamer body is provided with a bypass water eye communicating inside and outside. The bypass water eye is inclined from bottom to top and from inside to outside and has an angle of 30-60° with the vertical.

3. The hole-reaming tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the blade block is connected to the lower end of the sliding sleeve through a push block and a pressure block that are connected to each other.

4. The hole-reaming tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the reamer body is provided with an internal thread, and the lower end of the ball basket jacket is provided with an external thread.

5. The reaming tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: There are three cutter blocks evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the reamer body. PDC cutting pin teeth are provided on the outside of the cutter blocks, and the PDC cutting teeth on the three cutter blocks form full coverage in the circumferential direction.

6. The reaming tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the reamer body, the inner wall of the central tube, the inner wall of the ball blue jacket, the switch hole sleeve and the surface of the ball blue are sprayed with a tungsten carbide layer.

7. The reaming tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A first "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the upper locking sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, a second "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the upper locking sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube, a third "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the sliding sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, a first YX sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the pushing sleeve and the outer wall of the center tube, a second YX sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the pushing sleeve and the inner wall of the reaming body, and a third "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the inner wall of the center tube. A fourth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer walls, a fifth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve at a position above the radial flow hole, a sixth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the lower locking sleeve and the outer wall of the switch hole sleeve at a position below the radial flow hole, a seventh "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the inner wall of the guide sleeve and the groove wall of the annular groove, and an eighth "O"-shaped sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the guide sleeve and the inner wall of the support sleeve.

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