Method and apparatus for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility. In various aspects, a base station and a user equipment (UE) exchange synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) carrying SFN identities, and the waveform of the SSB has a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) symbol preceding the primary SS symbol. In various aspects, the base station transmits a quasi-co-located (QCL) radio access network area code (RAN‑AC) SS and RAN‑AC paging. In various aspects, the base station transmits the RAN‑AC SS on the SFN while avoiding overlap of the RAN‑AC SS resources with the channel used for initial access to update regional cellular cells. In various aspects, upon release from a connected state, the base station provides a control resource set (CORESET) to the UE, and the UE receives a RAN‑AC paging PDCCH based on the CORESET. In various aspects, when there is a grant for paging, the base station transmits an SFN wake-up signal (WUS), and the UE monitors to find the WUS.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 717,997, filed on December 17, 2019, entitled “PHYSICAL LAYER ASPECTS FOR HIERARCHICAL MOBILITY,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 788,576, filed on January 4, 2019, entitled “PHYSICAL LAYER ASPECTS FOR HIERARCHICALMOBILITY,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 794,811, filed on January 21, 2019, entitled “PHYSICAL LAYER ASPECTS FOR HIERARCHICALMOBILITY,” the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to physical layer aspects of hierarchical mobility.

[0004] introduction

[0005] Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources. Such networks, which are typically multiple-access networks, support communication for multiple users by sharing the available network resources.

[0006] A wireless communication network may include several base stations or Node Bs that can support communications for several user equipments (UEs). A UE may communicate with a base station via a downlink and an uplink. A downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from a base station to a UE, while an uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from a UE to a base station.

[0007] The base station may transmit data and control information to the UE on the downlink and / or may receive data and control information from the UE on the uplink. On the downlink, the transmission from the base station may encounter interference caused by transmissions from neighboring base stations or from other wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitters. On the uplink, the transmission from the UE may encounter interference from uplink transmissions of other UEs communicating with the neighboring base stations or from other wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degrade the performance of both the downlink and uplink.

[0008] As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, the potential for interference and congested networks continues to grow as more UEs access long-range wireless communication networks and more short-range wireless systems are being deployed in communities. Research and development continues to advance wireless communication technologies to not only meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but also to improve and enhance the user experience of mobile communications.

[0009] Brief Overview of Some Embodiments

[0010] The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the technology discussed. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all conceived features of the present disclosure, and is neither intended to identify the key or decisive elements of all aspects of the present disclosure nor to attempt to define the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its only purpose is to give some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in an overview form as a prelude to a more detailed description given later.

[0011] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for wireless communication at a UE is provided. The method of each embodiment includes: operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state of a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; and identifying a network including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. The method of each embodiment further includes: receiving a network synchronization signal (SS) broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network; and monitoring to find a network wake-up signal (WUS) broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network.

[0012] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a device configured for wireless communication at a UE is provided. The device of each embodiment includes: a device for operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state of a DRX mode; and a device for identifying a network including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. The device of each embodiment further includes a device for the following operations: receiving a network SS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network, and monitoring to find a network WUS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network.

[0013] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having recorded thereon a program code for wireless communication at a UE is provided. The program code of each embodiment includes code for the following operations: operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state of a DRX mode; and identifying a network including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. The program code of each embodiment further includes code for the following operations: receiving a network SS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network, and monitoring to find a network WUS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network.

[0014] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a device configured for wireless communication at a UE is provided. The device includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The at least one processor of each embodiment is configured to: operate in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state of a DRX mode; and identify a network including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. The at least one processor of each embodiment is further configured to: receive a network SS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network, and monitor to find a network WUS broadcasted by the plurality of cellular cells on the network.

[0015] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (devices) may be implemented in conjunction with one or more additional features, such as the following features, alone or in combination. For example, the aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (devices) may include: detecting a network WUS; and receiving paging on the network and switching to cell-level mobility in response to detecting the network WUS. The aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (devices) may include: detecting a network WUS; and switching to cell-level mobility, identifying a serving cell, and receiving cell-specific paging by monitoring a paging search space for the identified serving cell in response to detecting the network WUS. The aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (devices) may include: the minimum gap between the network WUS and the cell-specific paging is indicated by the network WUS. The aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (devices) may include monitoring in each DRX cycle to find a network WUS in place of paging monitoring. The above-mentioned systems, methods and devices (devices) may include receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) broadcasted by the plurality of cells on the network, wherein the SSB carries a network identity rather than a physical cell identity, and the waveform of the SSB has one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS precedes the symbol carrying the PSS; and performing a channel measurement procedure based at least in part on the one or more SSBs received on the network. The above-mentioned systems, methods and devices (devices) may include: the update area zone includes a radio access network area code (RAN-AC), and the network identity is a RAN-AC identity. The above-mentioned systems, methods and devices (devices) may include: receiving a channel on the network, the channel including a network SS; and determining that the channel characteristics of another channel on the network are the same as the received channel, wherein the other channel includes a network paging. The above-mentioned systems, methods and devices (devices) may include: the channel has the same subcarrier spacing as the other channel. The above-mentioned systems, methods and devices (apparatuses) may include: the network is a single frequency network (SFN).

[0016] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for wireless communication at a base station is provided. The method of each embodiment includes: determining that the base station is part of a network configured for a UE including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of a cellular cell of an update area zone. The method of each embodiment further includes: determining whether there is a grant for paging; transmitting a network SS to the UE on the network; and transmitting a network WUS on the network and transmitting a page in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

[0017] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a device configured for wireless communication at a base station is provided. The device of each embodiment includes: a device for determining that the base station is part of a network configured for a UE including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells of an update area zone. The device of each embodiment further includes: a device for determining whether there is a grant for paging; a device for transmitting a network SS to the UE on the network; and a device for transmitting a network WUS on the network and transmitting a paging in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

[0018] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having recorded thereon a program code for wireless communication at a base station is provided. The program code of each embodiment includes code for the following operations: determining that the base station is part of a network configured for a UE including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells in an update area zone. The program code of each embodiment further includes code for the following operations: determining whether there is a grant for paging; transmitting a network SS to the UE on the network; and transmitting a network WUS on the network and transmitting a page in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

[0019] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus configured for wireless communication at a base station. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The at least one processor is configured to: determine that the base station is part of a network configured for a UE including a plurality of cellular cells corresponding to a portion of cellular cells in an update area zone. The at least one processor of each embodiment is further configured to: determine whether there is a grant for paging; transmit a network SS to the UE on the network; and transmit a network WUS and transmit a paging on the network in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

[0020] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (apparatus) may be implemented in combination with one or more additional features, such as the following features, either alone or in combination. For example, the aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (apparatus) may include that the paging is a network paging and is transmitted on the network. The aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (apparatus) may include: the paging is a paging that varies from cell to cell, and a minimum gap between the network WUS and the paging is implemented, the minimum gap being sufficient to allow the UE to have sufficient time to switch to cell-level mobility, identify the serving cell, and start monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell. The aforementioned systems, methods, and devices (apparatus) may include: the minimum gap is indicated as part of the network WUS. The above-mentioned system, method and device (device) may include: transmitting one or more SSBs that vary from cell to cell to the UE, wherein the network SS transmitted to the UE on the network includes one or more SSBs carrying a network identity instead of a physical cell identity, and the waveform of the SSB of the network SS transmitted on the network has one symbol carrying a PSS and two or more symbols carrying an SSS, and at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS precedes the symbol carrying the PSS. The above-mentioned system, method and device (device) may include: the update area zone includes a RAN-AC, and the network identity is a RAN-AC identity. The above-mentioned system, method and device (device) may include: the waveform of the SSB of the network SS has a PSS followed by an SSS, and the PSS is followed by one or more repetitions of the SSS. The above-mentioned system, method and device (device) may include: transmitting a channel on the network, the channel including a network SS; and transmitting another channel on the network, the other channel including a network paging, wherein the channel has the same channel characteristics as the other channel. The above-mentioned system, method and device (device) may include: the channel has the same subcarrier spacing as the other channel. The above-mentioned system, method and device (apparatus) may include: the network is a SFN.

[0021] After studying the description of the specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although features of the present invention may be discussed below with respect to certain embodiments and accompanying drawings, all embodiments of the present invention may include one or more advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more embodiments may be discussed to have certain advantageous features, one or more such features may also be used according to the various embodiments of the present invention discussed herein. In a similar manner, although exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as device, system or method embodiments, it should be appreciated that such exemplary embodiments may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present disclosure may be obtained by reference to the following drawings. In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numeral. In addition, individual components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference numeral with a dash and a second reference numeral that distinguishes between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral regardless of the second reference numeral.

[0024] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of a wireless communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating the design of a base station / gNB and a UE configured according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating a UE state machine according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating updating areas and SFNs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating subcarrier spacing of NR resources for transmission of SSB according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating paging on a group of cells in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a hierarchical structure implemented by a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating SSB transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating synchronization signal waveforms according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig.10 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.11 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig.12 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig.13 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig.14 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Fig.15A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig. 15B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Fig.16A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Fig. 16B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Fig.17A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] Fig. 17B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] Fig.18 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks of a wireless communication process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] Fig.19 is a block diagram illustrating a UE configured according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] Fig. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a base station configured according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0047] Detailed Description

[0048] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various possible configurations and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Instead, this detailed description includes specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the subject matter of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in every case, and in some instances, for clarity of presentation, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form.

[0049] The present disclosure generally relates to providing or participating in communication between two or more wireless devices in one or more wireless communication systems (also referred to as wireless communication networks). In various embodiments, various techniques and devices may be used for wireless communication networks, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, long term evolution (LTE) networks, global system for mobile communications (GSM) networks, and other communication networks. As described herein, the terms "network" and "system" may be used interchangeably depending on the specific context.

[0050] A CDMA network may implement, for example, a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards.

[0051] TDMA networks may, for example, implement radio technologies such as GSM. 3GPP defines standards for GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) Radio Access Networks (RANs), also referred to as GERANs. GERANs are radio components of a network that interfaces GSM / EDGE with base stations (e.g., Ater and Abis interfaces) and base station controllers (A interfaces, etc.). Radio access networks represent components of a GSM network through which telephone calls and packet data are routed from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the Internet to subscriber handsets, also known as user terminals or user equipment (UEs), and from subscriber handsets to the PSTN and the Internet. A mobile phone operator's network may include one or more GERANs, which may be coupled to a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) in the case of a UMTS / GSM network. Operator networks may also include one or more LTE networks, and / or one or more other networks. Various network types may use different radio access technologies (RATs) and radio access networks (RANs).

[0052] OFDMA network can realize radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM etc., for example. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Specifically, LTE is a UMTS version using E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents provided by an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP), while cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known or under development. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between various telecommunications association groups, which aims to define a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specification. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project aimed at improving the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) mobile phone standard. 3GPP may define specifications for next generation mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices.

[0053] For clarity, certain aspects of various devices and techniques may be described below with reference to exemplary LTE implementations or in an LTE-centric manner, and LTE terminology may be used in parts of the following description as an illustrative example; however, the description is not intended to be limited to LTE applications. Rather, the present disclosure is concerned with shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.

[0054] Furthermore, it should be understood that in operation, a wireless communication network adapted according to the concepts herein may operate with any combination of licensed or unlicensed spectrum, depending on load and availability. Therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the systems, devices, and methods described herein may be applied to other communication systems and applications than the specific examples provided.

[0055] Although various aspects and embodiments are described in this application by explanation of some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that additional implementations and use cases can be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovation described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, each embodiment and / or use can be generated via an integrated chip embodiment and / or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment, AI-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for each use case or application, the wide applicability of the described innovation may occur. The scope of each implementation can range from chip-level or module components to non-module, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed or OEM devices or systems incorporating one or more described aspects. In some actual settings, the equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. The innovations described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of implementations, including both large and small devices of varying sizes, shapes, and compositions, chip-level components, multi-component systems (e.g., RF chains, communication interfaces, processors), distributed arrangements, end-user devices, and the like.

[0056] Figure 1 A wireless network 100 for communication according to some embodiments is shown. Although the techniques of the present disclosure are discussed with respect to ( Figure 1 The present invention is provided for an LTE-A network (shown in FIG. 1 ), but this is for illustrative purposes. The principles of the disclosed technology can be used in other network deployments, including fifth generation (5G) networks. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, Figure 1 The components appearing in are likely to have related counterparts in other network arrangements, including, for example, cellular network arrangements and non-cellular network arrangements (eg, device-to-device or peer-to-peer or ad hoc network arrangements, etc.).

[0057] Back to Figure 1, the wireless network 100 includes several base stations, such as may include evolved B nodes (eNBs) or GB nodes (gNBs). These may be referred to as gNBs 105. A gNB may be a station that communicates with a UE and may also be referred to as a base station, a B node, an access point, etc. Each gNB 105 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to a specific geographic coverage area of ​​a gNB and / or a gNB subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In the implementation of the wireless network 100 herein, the gNB 105 may be associated with the same operator or different operators (e.g., the wireless network 100 may include multiple operator wireless networks) and may use one or more of the same frequencies as an adjacent cell (e.g., one or more frequency bands in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination thereof) to provide wireless communications.

[0058] The gNB may provide communication coverage for macro cells or small cells (such as pico cells or femto cells), and / or other types of cells. Macro cells generally cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs that have service subscriptions with a network provider. Small cells (such as pico cells) generally cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs that have service subscriptions with a network provider. Small cells (such as femto cells) generally also cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may provide restricted access to UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in the residence, etc.). A gNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro gNB. A gNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell gNB, a pico gNB, a femto gNB, or a home gNB. In Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , gNBs 105a, 105b, and 105c are macro gNBs for macro cells 110a, 110b, and 110c, respectively. gNBs 105x, 105y, and 105z are small cell gNBs, which may include pico or femto gNBs that provide services to small cells 110x, 110y, and 110z, respectively. A gNB may support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells.

[0059] The wireless network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, each gNB may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different gNBs may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, each gNB may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different gNBs may not be aligned in time. In some scenarios, the network may be implemented or configured to handle dynamic switching between synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0060] UE 115 is dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE can be stationary or mobile. It should be appreciated that although mobile devices are generally referred to as user equipment (UE) in the standards and specifications promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such devices may also be referred to as mobile stations (MS), subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals (AT), mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, terminals, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology by those skilled in the art. Within this document, a "mobile" device or UE does not necessarily have mobile capabilities and can be stationary. Some non-limiting examples of mobile devices such as embodiments that may include one or more of each UE 115 include mobile stations, cellular (cell) phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal computers (PCs), notebooks, netbooks, smart books, tablets, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The mobile device may additionally be an "Internet of Things" (IoT) device, such as a car or other transportation vehicle, a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a logistics controller, a drone, a multicopter, a quadcopter, a smart energy or security device, a solar panel or solar array, city lighting, water or other infrastructure; industrial automation and enterprise devices; consumer and wearable devices, such as glasses, wearable cameras, smart watches, health or fitness trackers, mammal implantable devices, gesture tracking devices, medical devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, etc.; and digital home or smart home devices, such as home audio, video and multimedia devices, appliances, sensors, vending machines, smart lighting, home security systems, smart meters, etc. A mobile device, such as UE 115, may be able to communicate with a macro gNB, a pico gNB, a femto gNB, a relay, etc. In Figure 1, a lightning bolt (e.g., communication link 125) indicates a wireless transmission between a UE and a serving gNB or an expected transmission between gNBs, the serving gNB being a gNB designated to serve the UE on the downlink and / or uplink. Although backhaul communication 134 is illustrated as wired backhaul communication that may occur between gNBs, it should be appreciated that backhaul communication may additionally or alternatively be provided by wireless communication.

[0061] Figure 2 A block diagram of a design of a base station / gNB 105 and a UE 115 is shown. These may be Figure 1 One of the base stations / gNBs in Figure 1 For restricted association scenarios (as mentioned above), gNB 105 may be Figure 1 105z, and UE 115 may be UE 115z. To access small cell gNB 105z, UE 115 may be included in the accessible UE list of small cell gNB 105z. gNB 105 may also be some other type of base station. gNB 105 may be equipped with antennas 234a to 234t, and UE 115 may be equipped with antennas 252a to 252r.

[0062] At the gNB 105, the transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a controller / processor 240. The control information may be used for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), etc. The data may be used for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc. The transmit processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and the control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols (e.g., for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a cell-specific reference signal (CRS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​the data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may additionally or alternatively process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.

[0063] At the UE 115, antennas 252a through 252r may receive downlink signals from the gNB 105 and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 115 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 280.

[0064] On the uplink, at the UE 115, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data (e.g., for PUSCH) from the data source 262 and control information (e.g., for PUCCH) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by the modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the gNB 105. At the gNB 105, the uplink signal from the UE 115 may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the demodulator 232, detected by the MIMO detector 236, if applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 115. The processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240.

[0065] The controllers / processors 240 and 280 may direct the operation at the gNB 105 and UE 115, respectively. The controller / processor 240 and / or other processors and modules at the gNB 105 and / or the controller / processor 280 and / or other processors and modules at the UE 115 may perform or direct the execution of various processes for the techniques described herein, such as to perform or direct the execution of various processes for the techniques described herein. Figure 3 , 10-14, 15A, 15B, 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B, and 18 and / or other processes for the techniques described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for gNB 105 and UE 115, respectively. Scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0066] Go to Figure 3 , New Radio (NR) introduces additional operating states, and therefore additional state transitions, to the UE state machine 300, but the UE still operates in only one state at a time. The RRC connected state 305 (NR RRC_CONNECTED) corresponds to the LTE connected state for active data transmission, and the RRC idle state 315 (NR RRC_IDLE) corresponds to the LTE idle state for initial access. The RRC inactive state 310 (NR RRC_INACTIVE) is a new radio resource control (RRC) state similar to the idle state 315, but maintains access stratum (AS) context information by implementing UE-specific discontinuous reception (DRX). The UE-specific DRX can be configured by upper layers or by the RRC layer, and the UE performs a radio access network (RAN) based notification area update when moving outside of the RAN based notification area.

[0067] In general, the UE may be configured with a state machine 300 and perform one or more state transitions. In some aspects, at any given instance, the UE may operate in only one RRC state. For example, the UE may operate in an RRC connected state 305 (which may also be referred to as an RRC active state), an RRC inactive state 310, or an RRC idle state 315. In some aspects, the RRC connected state 305 may include that the UE has an active connection with at least one cellular cell or base station to perform active data communication. In some aspects, the RRC inactive state 310 may include that the UE operates in an idle mode, but maintains context information of the AS. For example, a DRX mode that varies from UE to UE may be configured by an upper layer, an RRC layer, etc., wherein the UE may perform an update based on the notification zone when moving outside the notification zone area. In some aspects, the RRC idle state 315 may include that the UE powers down certain components, functions, processes, etc. to save power. In some aspects, the RRC idle state 315 may include that the UE performs an initial access procedure to search for a serving cell to be occupied.

[0068] As presented herein, when the UE is operating in the RRC connected state 305 and / or the RRC inactive state 310, a network (e.g., a single frequency network (SFN)) including multiple cells (e.g., multiple cells corresponding to a portion of cells in an update area zone, such as a cell group in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) may be configured for the UE. A base station forming a portion of the network (e.g., an SFN area) may broadcast to the UE one or more network synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and cell-specific SSBs that the UE may use to perform a channel measurement procedure. Based on the results of the channel measurement procedure (e.g., based on the received SSBs), the UE may perform timing and / or frequency-based tracking and updates.

[0069] Reference is made below to SFN configurations and the associated use of SFN synchronization signals (SS), SFN identities, SFN paging, SFN PDCCH / PDSCH, etc. to provide examples for aiding understanding of the concepts of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that the concepts herein are not limited to applicability with respect to single frequency network configurations, and thus various network configurations may implement some or all aspects of the present disclosure.

[0070] Go to Figure 4 , update areas and SFN areas may also be used for paging. In the RRC idle state, multi-beam paging occurs on the tracking area 415, while in the RRC inactive state, paging occurs on the radio access network (RAN) notification area (RNA) used as the SFN area 410 within the tracking area 415. The network may perform beam sweeping for paging, while the UE may monitor the page corresponding to the strongest synchronization signal (SS). The UE may update the network when the UE moves from one tracking area to another and when the UE moves from one RNA to another.

[0071] Figure 4 An example of a wireless communication system 400 supporting a multi-cell SFN area in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 400 may include a plurality of base stations 405 and UEs 420, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. Aspects of the wireless communication system 400 may be a SFN configured for use in a SFN area 410. In some aspects, the functionality described with reference to the base station 405 may refer to functionality performed by a network entity, such as one or more functions of a core network.

[0072] In some aspects, the UE 420 may operate in an RRC inactive or idle state in a DRX mode. Based at least in part on the UE 420 operating in an RRC inactive or idle state in a DRX mode, a tracking area 415 may be configured for the UE 420. For example, the tracking area 415 may include a plurality of base stations 405 (where nine base stations 405 are shown as an example only) configured to transmit signals (e.g., paging signals) to the UE 420 in a beam sweeping manner (e.g., using multiple beamformed transmissions). When a paging event occurs for the UE 420, the network entity may signal each base station 405 within the tracking area 415 to transmit a paging indicator / message in a beam sweeping manner to ensure coverage within the respective coverage area of ​​each base station 405. Although the tracking area 415 may provide a wide coverage area in which the UE 420 may be paged, the tracking area 415 used to page the UE 420 also consumes a considerable amount of resources and / or reduces efficiency.

[0073] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 420 may operate in an RRC active or inactive state in a DRX mode. Based at least in part on the UE 420 operating in an RRC active or inactive state in a DRX mode, the network entity may configure a SFN for the UE 420. In some aspects, a SFN may refer to a broadcast network in which several transmitters (e.g., multiple cellular cells, such as base stations 405) simultaneously send the same signal to the UE 420 on the same frequency channel. For example, a plurality of base stations 405 (three base stations 405 are shown as an example only) may form a SFN for a SFN area 410 configured for the UE 420. In some aspects, the size of the SFN area 410 and / or the number of base stations 405 included in the SFN area 410 may vary. Accordingly, the SFN area 410 may have more or fewer base stations 405.

[0074] In some aspects, this may include base stations 405 forming the SFN area 410 broadcasting one or more SSBs on a SFN of the SFN area 410. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN may include a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a primary synchronization signal (PSS), and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal transmitted by the base station 405 on the SFN for the SFN area 410. In some aspects, the periodicity, timing, and / or frequency of the one or more SSBs broadcast by the base station 405 on the SFN may be the same or different relative to the cell-specific SSBs transmitted by individual base stations 405 of the SFN area 410.

[0075] Accordingly, base stations 405 of SFN area 410 may transmit cell-specific SSBs as well as the one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN for SFN area 410. The one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN for SFN area 410 may use some, all, or no resources for the cell-specific SSBs.

[0076] In some aspects, the UE 420 may monitor the SFN for the SFN area 410 while operating in an RRC inactive or active state of the DRX mode. Accordingly, the UE 420 may receive one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN by a plurality of cells (e.g., base stations 405 located within the SFN area 410), and perform a channel measurement procedure based at least in part on the received SSBs. In general, the channel measurement procedure may provide an indication of a channel performance metric of a channel between the UE 420 and at least one of the base stations 405. In some aspects, the channel measurement procedure may support timing synchronization / tracking, mobility tracking, frequency tracking, and the like. In some aspects, the UE 420 may transmit a feedback message carrying or otherwise conveying an indication of the channel performance metric to one or more of the cells.

[0077] Reference Figure 5 , multi-beam SSBs can be transmitted using 15KHz subcarrier spacing or 30KHz subcarrier spacing, and a UE in RRC idle or RRC inactive state can monitor the SSB accordingly. NR allows up to 4 beams for carrier frequencies less than 3GHz, and up to 8 beams for carrier frequencies from 3 to 6GHz. Accordingly, when a UE needs to monitor a particular cell, it needs to track the most unfamiliar SSB and monitor paging from the SSB (which includes PSS, SSS, and PBCH). As shown in the figure, for an SSB set in 20 milliseconds, only 4 SSBs can be used for carrier frequencies less than 3GHz, and up to 8 SBs can be used for carrier frequencies from 3 to 6GHz. Accordingly, for carrier frequencies less than 3GHz, a 15KHz subcarrier spacing produces a 2ms SSB, while a 30KHz subcarrier spacing produces a 1ms SSB. In contrast, for carrier frequencies from 3 to 6GHz, a 30KHz subcarrier spacing produces a 4ms SSB, while a 30KHz subcarrier spacing produces a 2ms SSB.

[0078] The introduction of multi-beam SSB monitoring raises issues that need to be addressed. For example, additional RF timing and additional processing are required compared to single beam monitoring. Also, multi-beam paging results in paging inefficiencies. These issues are addressed by implementing enhancements to multi-beam monitoring at the UE and to multi-beam paging at the gNB. Such enhancements include hierarchical downlink-based mobility using zones as described herein.

[0079] Go to Figure 6 , hierarchical downlink based mobility is achieved by introducing SFN, SS and SFN paging over a cell cluster in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC). The UE monitors SFN SS and SFN paging in RRC_IDLE state and RRC_INACTIVE state. This hierarchical mobility is mainly targeted at carrier frequencies less than 6 GHz, as it is expected to camp on such lower carrier frequencies rather than on mmW carrier frequencies due to coverage.

[0080] Figure 6 An example of a wireless communication system 600 supporting a multi-cell SFN area in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 600 may include a plurality of base stations 605 and UEs 615, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 600 may be a SFN of a SFN area 610 configured to support hierarchical mobility and paging functionality for the UE 615. In some aspects, the functionality described with reference to the base station 605 may refer to functionality performed by a network entity, such as one or more functions of a core network.

[0081] In some aspects, the UE 615 may be operating in an RRC active or inactive state in a DRX mode. Based at least in part on the UE 615 operating in an RRC active or inactive state in a DRX mode, the network entity may configure a SFN for the UE 615. In some aspects, a SFN may refer to a broadcast network in which several transmitters (e.g., multiple cells, such as a base station 605) simultaneously send the same signal on the same frequency channel to the UE 615. For example, each of the base stations 605 (e.g., cells) may form a SFN configured for the UE 615 for the SFN area 610.

[0082] In some aspects, this may include the base stations 605 forming the SFN area 610 broadcasting one or more SSBs on the SFN of the SFN area 610 (in Figure 6). In some aspects, the one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN may include SSS, PSS, and / or PBCH signals transmitted by the base station 605 on the SFN for the SFN area 610. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN for the SFN area 610 may be transmitted using omni-directional transmission.

[0083] In some aspects, this may include the base stations 605 forming the SFN area 610 broadcasting cell-specific SSBs (in Figure 6 ). In some aspects, the one or more cell-specific SSBs broadcast by the base stations 605 forming the SFN area 610 may be transmitted in a beam-swept manner using multiple transmit beams.

[0084] In some aspects, the periodicity, timing, and / or frequency of the one or more SSBs broadcast by the base station 605 over the SFN may be the same or different relative to the cell-specific SSBs transmitted by individual base stations 605 within the SFN area 610. Accordingly, the base stations 605 of the SFN area 610 may transmit the cell-specific SSBs as well as the one or more SSBs broadcast over the SFN for the SFN area 610. The one or more SSBs broadcast over the SFN for the SFN area 610 may use some, all, or none of the resources used for the cell-specific SSBs.

[0085] In some aspects, the UE 615 may monitor the SFN for the SFN area 610 while operating in an RRC inactive or active state of the DRX mode. Accordingly, the UE 615 may receive one or more SSBs broadcast on the SFN by multiple cells (e.g., base stations 405 located within the SFN area 610) and / or cell-specific SSBs transmitted by corresponding base stations 605 within the SFN area 610, and perform a channel measurement procedure based at least in part on the received SSBs. In general, the channel measurement procedure may provide an indication of a channel performance metric of a channel between the UE 615 and at least one of the base stations 605. In some aspects, the channel measurement procedure may support timing synchronization / tracking, mobility tracking, frequency tracking, and the like. In some aspects, the UE 615 may transmit a feedback message carrying or otherwise conveying an indication of a channel performance metric to one or more of the cells (e.g., one or more of the base stations 605).

[0086] Figure 7The hierarchical structure 700 implemented by the system described above is illustrated. At the top level of the hierarchy, a tracking area update zone 702 includes multiple SFNs 704 with a RAN-AC, and the SFNs include multiple cells 706. In other words, the individual cells 706 are grouped into SFNs 704 with a RAN-AC, and the SFNs 704 are grouped into tracking area update zones 702. A UE in an RRC idle state may monitor the tracking area, while in an RRC inactive state, the UE may monitor the RNA.

[0087] Go to Figure 8 , illustrating the benefits of hierarchical mobility. The UE behavior is simplified to monitoring RAN-AC SS and paging in a wider area in idle state / inactive state, and the paging overhead in time is reduced due to simultaneous SFN paging at the network. Figure 8 An example of an SSB configuration 800 supporting a multi-cell SFN area in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Aspects of the SSB configuration 800 may be implemented by a network entity, a base station, and / or a UE, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein.

[0088] In general, when the UE is operating in an RRC active or inactive state of a DRX mode, a network entity may configure a SFN for a SFN area for the UE. In some aspects, a SFN area (e.g., RNA) may include multiple cells, such as base stations. In the example SSB configuration 800, the SFN area includes three cells (e.g., cell 0, cell 1, and cell 2), but SFN areas with more or fewer cells may also be used. In general, the SFN for the SFN area may be used to broadcast one or more SSBs 810 from cells within the SFN area on the SFN. For example, each of the cells within the SFN area may broadcast one or more SSBs 810 on the same frequency channel, simultaneously, and so on on the SFN. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN for the SFN area may be broadcast in omnidirectional transmission and / or in directional transmission using one or more beams. In the example SSB configuration 800, the one or more SSBs 810 are broadcast in omnidirectional transmission and simultaneously.

[0089] In some aspects, multiple cells forming a SFN for the SFN area may also transmit cell-specific SSBs 805 in a beam-swept manner. For example, Cell 0 may transmit a cell-specific SSB 805 on Beam 1 during a first time period, followed by transmitting the cell-specific SSB 805 on Beam 2 during a second time period, and so on. Cells 1 and 2 may also transmit cell-specific SSBs 805 in a beam-swept manner, where each cell-specific SSB is transmitted on a specific beam during a specific time period.

[0090] In some aspects, the cell-specific SSB 805 may be transmitted simultaneously or at different times with the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN. In the example SSB configuration 800, the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN are transmitted simultaneously with the cell-specific SSB 805 transmitted on beam 1 by cells 0-2. In some aspects, the cell-specific SSB 805 may be transmitted using the same periodicity and / or a different periodicity as the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN. In some aspects, the cell-specific SSB 805 may be transmitted using the same parameter design or a different parameter design as the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN. In some aspects, the cell-specific SSB 805 may be transmitted using an identifier that is different from or the same as an identifier associated with the one or more SSBs 810 broadcast on the SFN.

[0091] In some aspects, the UE may receive the one or more SSBs 810 broadcasted on the SFN and use the one or more SSBs 810 to perform a channel measurement procedure, e.g., to determine channel performance metrics and / or for timing / frequency synchronization and alignment. In some aspects, the UE may transmit a feedback report carrying or otherwise conveying an indication of the results of the channel measurement procedure to one or more cells within the SFN area. In some aspects, the UE may simply use the results of the channel measurement procedure for channel performance determination, timing synchronization, and the like.

[0092] Thus, SSB configuration 800 provides a mechanism where UE behavior is simplified by monitoring the one or more SSBs 810 broadcasted on the SFN for the SFN area for channel performance determination and / or paging. In some aspects, SSB configuration 800 can be used to reduce paging overhead in time due to simultaneous SFN area paging.

[0093] A RAN Notification Area (RNA) may be defined as a group of multiple cells. Each cell of an RNA has a cell ID and a RAN area code (RAN-AC). A group containing multiple RAN areas may be implemented. RNAs may be defined over multiple tracking areas, where SIB1 carries the Cell_Identity. RNAs may also be configured specifically for UEs, such that a first UE and a second UE may have different definitions of RNAs (different RNA boundaries), e.g., a high mobility UE versus a low mobility UE.

[0094] The present disclosure describes various solutions for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility, as described above. For example, the implementation of network (e.g., RAN-AC) synchronization signal (SS) can provide network (e.g., RAN-AC) ID signaling, reference signals for supporting network (e.g., RAN-AC) reselection / RNA update, timing resynchronization for network (e.g., RAN-AC) SSS detection / measurement, and reference signals for supporting time / frequency tracking for decoding network (e.g., RAN-AC) based paging.

[0095] Go to Fig. 9, the present disclosure provides at least one of the solutions for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility by presenting a novel network (e.g., RAN-AC) SS waveform 900 that is different from the waveform 902 of Release 15 SSB. For example, the waveform 902 of Release 15 SSB has a PSS before a wider bandwidth PBCH including an SSS. In contrast, the network SS waveform of the example hierarchical mobility physical layer implementation has an SSS before the PSS, and at least one SSS immediately following the PSS. For example, waveform 900A has an SSS, followed by a PSS and two repetitions of the SSS, all for the same bandwidth and carrier frequency resource allocation. An additional example waveform 900B has an SSS, followed by a PSS and only one repetition of the SSS, all for the same bandwidth and carrier frequency resource allocation. Another example waveform 900C has an SSS, followed by a PSS and two repetitions of the SSS, but the SSS has a larger bandwidth than the PSS. For example, the bandwidth of the SSS can be the same as the bandwidth of the PBCH of waveform 902. A further example waveform 900D has an SSS, followed by a PSS and only one repetition of the SSS, but the SSS has a larger bandwidth than the PSS. Again, the bandwidth of the SSS can be the same as the bandwidth of the PBCH of waveform 902. Accordingly, unlike waveform 902, waveform 900 has 1 symbol for the PSS and 2 or 3 symbols for the SSS. Another difference is that waveform 900 carries a network (e.g., SFN) identity, such as a RAN-AC identity, instead of a PCI. A sufficiently large number of network (e.g., RAN-AC) IDs (e.g., 1008) can be provided for flexible network planning (e.g., dividing the RAN-AC within a given RNA). The SSS transmission immediately before the PSS is used to tune the automatic gain control (AGC) or for detection of the PSS. If the PSS is the first symbol, the UE either needs to use the old AGC state from a previous measurement or DRX cycle or needs to fix it to the default setting. Accordingly, waveform 900 advantageously improves tracking loop performance and radio resource management (RRM) measurement accuracy while removing the need to wake up on multiple SS opportunities to perform automatic gain control (AGC) and RRM measurements.

[0096] Go to Fig.10 At block 1000, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) begins operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. Processing may proceed from block 1000 to block 1002.

[0097] At block 1002 , the method continues by identifying a network (eg, SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of a cell zone of an update area based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. Processing may proceed from block 1002 to block 1004 .

[0098] At block 1004, the method continues with the following operations: receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) broadcast by the plurality of cells on the network. The SSBs carry a network (e.g., SFN) identity, such as a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) identity, rather than a physical cell identity. The waveform of the SSB has one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS preceding the symbol carrying the PSS. Processing may proceed from block 1004 to block 1006.

[0099] At block 1006, the method continues by performing a channel measurement procedure based at least in part on the one or more SSBs received on the network. After block 1006, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1006 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1000.

[0100] Go to Fig.11 At block 1110 , a method for wireless communications at a base station begins by transmitting one or more cell-specific synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to a user equipment (UE). Processing may proceed from block 1100 to block 1102 .

[0101] At block 1102 , the method continues by determining that the base station is part of a network (eg, SFN) for a network (eg, SFN) area configured for the UE. Processing may proceed from block 1102 to block 1104 .

[0102] At block 1104, the method continues with the following operations: one or more SSBs are transmitted to the UE on the network for the network area. The SSBs transmitted on the network carry a network identity, such as a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) identity, rather than a physical cell identity, and the waveform of the SSBs transmitted on the network has one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). At least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS precedes the symbol carrying the PSS. After block 1106, processing can end. Alternatively, processing can proceed from block 1104 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1100.

[0103] The present disclosure provides at least another solution for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility by presenting quasi-co-location (QCL) of a network (e.g., RAN-AC) SS and a network (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH / PDSCH. QCL means that the network SS and the network paging have the same parameter design, that is, they have the same subcarrier spacing. Accordingly, the UE can assume the channel characteristics of the network SS and the network paging PDCCH / PDSCH, and therefore infer the channel characteristics of the network paging PDCCH / PDSCH from the channel characteristics of the network SS, and / or vice versa. For this solution, QCL between the network SS and the SS that varies from cell to cell is not necessary, but it is not incompatible either. If multiple signals are included in the network SS, they are transmitted on the same antenna port.

[0104] Go to Fig.12 At block 1200, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) begins operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. Processing may proceed from block 1200 to block 1202.

[0105] At block 1202 , the method continues by identifying a network (eg, SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of a cell zone of an update area based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. Processing may proceed from block 1202 to block 1204 .

[0106] At block 1204, the method continues with receiving a channel on the network, the channel comprising one of a network (e.g., a radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS) or a network (e.g., a RAN-AC) page. Processing may proceed from block 1204 to block 1206.

[0107] At block 1206, the method continues by determining that the channel characteristics of another channel on the network are the same as the received channel, wherein the other channel includes the other of the network SS or the network paging. After block 1206, processing can end. Alternatively, processing can proceed from block 1206 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1200.

[0108] Go to Fig.13 At block 1300 , a method for wireless communications at a base station begins by transmitting one or more cell-specific synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to a user equipment (UE). Processing may proceed from block 1300 to block 1302 .

[0109] At block 1302 , the method continues by determining that the base station is part of a network (eg, SFN) for a network (eg, SFN) area configured for the UE. Processing may proceed from block 1302 to block 1304 .

[0110] At block 1304 , the method continues by transmitting a channel on the network, the channel including a network (eg, a radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS). Processing may proceed from block 1304 to block 1306 .

[0111] At block 1306, the method continues by transmitting another channel on the network, the other channel including a network (e.g., RAN-AC) page, wherein the channel and the other channel have the same channel characteristics. After block 1306, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1306 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1300.

[0112] The present disclosure provides at least another solution for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility by presenting a procedure for UE to rate match around a network (e.g., RAN-AC) SS. The solution is the responsibility of the base station because legacy UEs (such as Release 15 UEs) need to be able to rate match around a network SS. For connected UEs (including legacy UEs), the UE can be informed of the network SS resources. For Release 15 initial access UEs, the base station can avoid overlapping the network SS with resources of any channel used for initial access to a cellular cell in the update area, including the physical random access channel (PRACH), the primary synchronization signal (PSS), the secondary synchronization signal (SSS), the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) used for system information transmission, and the PDCCH and PDSCH until the radio resource control (RRC) connection is established. In this case, the network SS resources are not treated specially. In other words, the Release 15 UE can assume that no SFN SS resources exist in the configured resources. Accordingly, up to 40 resource blocks may be used for a network SS with a periodicity of 40 ms or longer.If cell-specific potential locations of SSBs are available, the base station may also use one of these locations.

[0113] Now go to Fig.14 At block 1400 , a method for wireless communications at a base station begins by transmitting one or more cell-specific synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to a user equipment (UE). Processing may proceed from block 1400 to block 1402 .

[0114] At block 1402 , the method continues by determining that the base station is part of a network (eg, SFN) for a network (eg, SFN) area configured for the UE. Processing may proceed from block 1402 to block 1404 .

[0115] At block 1404, the method continues by transmitting a network (e.g., radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS) to the UE over the network, wherein resources used for the network SS do not overlap with channel resources employed for initial access to a cell of the update area, the channel resources including a physical random access channel (PRACH), a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for system information transmission, and the PDCCH and PDSCH until a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established. In other words, the base station selects resources for the network SS to ensure that those resources do not overlap with any resources of the base station that a legacy UE needs to use to initially access the base station. For example, the resources used for the network SS may correspond to one or more potential locations of an SSB that vary from cell to cell. Processing may proceed from block 1404 to block 1406.

[0116] At block 1406, the method continues by informing one or more UEs in a connected state of resources for the network SS for rate matching. After block 1406, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1406 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1400.

[0117] The present disclosure provides at least another solution for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility by presenting a methodology for wireless transmission and reception of network (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH and PDSCH. According to the solution, network paging PDCCH and PDSCH have the same parameter design, which may follow the paging PDCCH / PDSCH that varies from cell to cell, and the network (e.g., RAN-AC) SS may follow the SS that varies from cell to cell instead of network paging PDCCH / PDSCH. In this case, RRC releases the CORESET / search space provided for network paging PDCCH, where network paging PDCCH / PDSCH varies from network (e.g., RAN-AC). Additionally, the DMRS and / or scrambling sequence of PDCCH / PDSCH depends at least in part on the network identity (e.g., RAN-AC ID).

[0118] Now go to Fig.15AAt block 1500, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) begins, upon release from a connected state to at least one of an idle state of a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, receiving a control resource set (CORESET) for a network (e.g., a radio access network (RAN) area code (AC)) paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Processing may proceed from block 1500 to block 1502.

[0119] At block 1502 , the method continues by identifying a network (eg, SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of a cell zone of an update area based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. Processing may proceed from block 1502 to block 1504 .

[0120] At block 1504, the method continues by receiving a network (e.g., radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS) broadcast by the plurality of cells on the network, wherein the network SS carries a network identity, such as a SFN (e.g., radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) identity, rather than a physical cell identity. Processing may proceed from block 1504 to block 1506.

[0121] At block 1506, the method continues with the following operations: receiving a network (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH based on the CORESET, wherein at least one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a scrambling sequence of the network paging PDCCH depends at least in part on the network identity. After block 1506, processing can end. Alternatively, processing can proceed from block 1506 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1500.

[0122] Now go to Fig. 15B Another method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes as described above with reference to Fig.15A However, in Fig. 15B , processing may proceed from box 1506 to box 1508.

[0123] At block 1508, the method continues with receiving a network (e.g., RAN-AC) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) on the network. At least one of a DMRS or a scrambling sequence of the network PDSCH depends at least in part on the network identity (e.g., RAN-AC ID), and a network paging PDCCH / PDSCH has the same parameter design as a cell-specific paging PDCCH / PDSCH. After block 1508, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1508 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1500.

[0124] Now go to Fig.16A At block 1600, a method for wireless communication at a base station begins by determining that the base station is part of a network (e.g., SFN) for a network (e.g., SFN) area configured for user equipment (UE). Processing may proceed from block 1600 to block 1602.

[0125] At block 1602, the method continues with the following operations: upon the UE being released from a connected state to at least one of an idle state of a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, a CORESET for a network (e.g., a radio access network (RAN) area code (AC)) paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is transmitted to the UE. Processing may proceed from block 1602 to block 1604.

[0126] At block 1604, the method continues by transmitting a network (e.g., a radio access network area code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS) to the UE on the network for the network area. The network SS carries a network identity, such as a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) identity, rather than a physical cell identity. Processing may proceed from block 1604 to block 1606.

[0127] At block 1606, the method continues with the following operations: transmitting a network (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH based on the CORESET, wherein at least one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a scrambling sequence of the network paging PDCCH depends at least in part on the network identity. After block 1606, processing can end. Alternatively, processing can proceed from block 1606 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1600.

[0128] Now go to Fig. 16B Another method for wireless communication at a base station includes as described above with reference to Fig.16A However, in Fig. 16B , processing may proceed from box 1606 to box 1608.

[0129] At block 1608, the method continues with transmitting a network (e.g., RAN-AC) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) on the network, wherein at least one of a DMRS or a scrambling sequence of the network PDSCH depends at least in part on a network identity (e.g., RAN-AC ID), and a network paging PDCCH / PDSCH has the same parameter design as a cell-specific paging PDCCH / PDSCH. Alternatively or additionally, the network SS may have the same parameter design as a cell-specific SS. After block 1608, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1608 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1600.

[0130] The present disclosure provides at least another solution for physical layer implementation of hierarchical mobility by presenting a network (e.g., SFN) wake-up signal (WUS) for network (e.g., SFN) paging and / or cell-specific paging. For example, if there is no grant for network paging, the base station may transmit a network SSB without a network WUS, and when there is a grant for network paging, the base station may transmit a network SSB followed by a network WUS and a network paging. In turn, the UE may receive the network SSB and monitor to find the network WUS. For network paging, when the UE receives the network WUS, the UE may then respond by receiving the network paging and switching to cell-level mobility. Additional savings are achieved between network WUS monitoring and network paging monitoring compared to the case of hierarchical mobility only. For cell-specific paging, the UE may respond to the network WUS by switching to cell-level mobility, identifying the serving cell, and receiving cell-specific paging by monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell. Accordingly, the base station may implement a minimum gap between the network WUS and the cell-specific paging that is sufficient to allow the UE enough time to switch to cell-level mobility, identify the serving cell, and begin monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell. The minimum gap may be defined on the order of time slots, since the UE needs to identify the serving cell before monitoring the search space for cell-specific paging. The minimum gap may be defined in a wireless communication standard. The minimum gap may be indicated as part of the network WUS.

[0131] Now go to Fig.17A At block 1700, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) begins operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. Processing may proceed from block 1700 to block 1702.

[0132] At block 1702, the method continues by identifying a network (eg, SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of cells in an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in at least one of an idle state or an RRC inactive state. Processing may proceed from block 1702 to block 1704.

[0133] At block 1704 , the method continues by receiving a network (eg, Radio Access Network Area Code (RAN-AC)) synchronization signal (SS) broadcast by the plurality of cells on the network. Processing may proceed from block 1704 to block 1706 .

[0134] At block 1706, the method continues by monitoring for a network wake-up signal (WUS) in each DRX cycle in lieu of paging monitoring. After block 1706, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1706 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1700.

[0135] Now go to Fig. 17B Another method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes as described above with reference to Fig.17A 1700-1706 as described. However, in Fig. 17B , processing may proceed from box 1706 to box 1708.

[0136] At block 1708 , the method continues by detecting a network WUS. Processing may proceed from block 1708 to block 1710 .

[0137] At block 1710, the method continues with the following operations: receiving paging on the network and switching to cell-level mobility, both in response to detecting a network WUS. In the case of network paging (e.g., RAN-AC paging), the UE receives network paging on the network. For cell-specific paging, the UE responds to the network WUS by switching to cell-level mobility, identifying the serving cell, and receiving cell-specific paging by monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell. After block 1708, processing may end. Alternatively, processing may proceed from block 1708 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1700.

[0138] Now go to Fig.18 At block 1800, a method for wireless communication at a base station begins by determining that the base station is part of a network (e.g., SFN) for a network (e.g., SFN) area configured for user equipment (UE). Processing may proceed from block 1800 to block 1802.

[0139] At block 1802 , the method continues by determining whether there is a grant for network paging (eg, RAN-AC paging) or cell-specific paging. Processing may proceed from block 1802 to block 1804 .

[0140] At block 1804 , the method continues by transmitting a network (eg, RAN-AC) synchronization signal (SS) to the UE over the network for the network area. Processing may proceed from block 1804 to block 1806 .

[0141] At block 1806, the method continues with the following operations: in response to determining that there is a grant for paging, a network wake-up signal (WUS) and a page are transmitted. For network paging (e.g., RAN-AC paging), the base station transmits the page on the network. For cell-specific paging, the base station transmits the network WUS with a minimum gap between the network WUS and the cell-specific paging, and the minimum gap should be sufficient to allow the UE to have sufficient time to switch to cell-level mobility, identify the serving cell, and begin monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell. After block 1806, processing can end. Alternatively, processing can proceed from block 1806 to an earlier point in the process, such as block 1800.

[0142] Now go to Fig.19 , UE 1900 (such as UE 115 (see Figure 2 )) may have a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and antennas 252a to 252r, as described above. UE 1900 may also have wireless radios 1901a to 1901r, which include the same as described above with reference to Figure 2 The memory 282 of the UE 1900 stores the processor / controller 280 configured to execute the above reference Figure 3 , 10 , one or more algorithms of one or more procedures described in 12, 15A, 15B, 17A and 17B.

[0143] The one or more algorithms stored by the memory 282 configure the processor / controller 280 to perform one or more procedures related to wireless communications with the UE 1900, as previously described. For example, the SSB receiver 1902 configures the controller / processor 280 to perform including any of the previously described methods (such as with reference to Fig.10 ) receives and processes the operation of the SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) SS. Additionally, the QCL receiver 1903 configures the controller / processor 280 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.12) determines the channel characteristics of the SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH / PDSCH from the channel characteristics of the SFN SS and / or vice versa. Moreover, the PDCCH / PDSCH receiver 1904 configures the controller / processor 280 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.15A and 15B ) receives and utilizes the operation of the SFN (e.g., RAN-AC)-specific CORESET / search space for the SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) paging PDCCH. In addition, the WUS receiver 1905 configures the controller / processor 280 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.17A and 17B ) monitors for WUS operations.

[0144] Now refer to Fig. 20 , base station 2000 (such as NR-SS base station 105 (see Figure 2 )) may have a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, and antennas 234a to 234t, as described above. Base station 2000 may also have wireless radios 2001a to 2001t, which include the same as those described above. Figure 2 The memory 242 of the base station 2000 stores the processor / controller 240 configured to execute the above reference Figure 3 , 11 , one or more algorithms of one or more procedures described in 13, 14, 16A, 16B and / or 18.

[0145] One or more algorithms stored by memory 242 configure processor / controller 240 to perform one or more operations related to wireless communications with base station 2000, as previously described. For example, SSB transmitter 2002 configures controller / processor 240 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.11 ) transmits the operation of the SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) SS. Additionally, the QCL transmitter 2003 configures the controller / processor 240 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.13 ) transmits QCL SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) SS and SFN (e.g., RAN-AC) paging channel operations. Moreover, the network SS resource transmitter 2004 configures the controller / processor 240 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.14) transmits network (e.g., RAN-AC) SS in non-overlapping resources and informs connected UEs of network SS resources. In addition, the PDCCH / PDSCH transmitter 2005 configures the controller / processor 240 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.16A and 16B ) transmits a CORESET for a network (e.g., RAN-AC) PDCCH and transmits the network (e.g., RAN-AC) PDCCH based on the CORESET. In addition, the WUS transmitter 2006 configures the controller / processor 240 to perform operations including in any manner previously described (such as with reference to Fig.18 )Transmits network WUS for paging operations.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0147] The functional blocks and modules described herein (eg, Figure 2 , 3 , 10-14, 15A, 15B, 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B and 18-20) may include processors, electronic devices, hardware devices, electronic components, logical circuits, memories, software codes, firmware codes, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0148] The technician will further appreciate that the various illustrative logic boxes, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the disclosure herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly explain this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described in the form of their functionality above. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. The technician can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing departure from the scope of the present disclosure. The technician will also easily recognize that the order or combination of components, methods, or interactions described herein are only examples and the components, methods, or interactions of various aspects of the present disclosure can be combined or performed in a manner different from those explained and described herein.

[0149] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0150] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the disclosure of this article can be implemented directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module can reside in a RAM memory, a flash memory, a ROM memory, an EPROM memory, an EEPROM memory, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read / write information from / to the storage medium. In an alternative, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In an alternative, the processor and the storage medium can reside in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0151] In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function can be stored on or transmitted by a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer. As an example and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer, or a general or special-purpose processor. Moreover, the connection can also be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, a server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, a twisted pair, or a digital subscriber line (DSL), the coaxial cable, the fiber optic cable, the twisted pair, or the DSL is included in the definition of the medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), hard disk, solid state disk and Blu-ray disc, wherein disk often reproduces data magnetically, while disc reproduces data optically with laser. The above combination should also be included in the scope of computer readable media.

[0152] As used herein, including in the claims, the term "and / or" used in a list of two or more items means that any of the listed items may be taken alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be taken. For example, if a composition is described as comprising components A, B, and / or C, the composition may comprise only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C. Moreover, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" used in a list of items in the context of "at least one of" indicates a disjunctive list, such that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means any of A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) or any combination thereof.

[0153] The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; identifying a single frequency network (SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of cells in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in the at least one of the idle state or the RRC inactive state; receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) broadcasted by at least a first cell among the plurality of cells on the SFN, wherein a waveform of the one or more SSBs has one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS preceding a symbol carrying the PSS; receiving a network synchronization signal (SS) associated with the RAN-AC broadcasted by the plurality of cells over the SFN; and Monitoring for a network wake-up signal (WUS) associated with the RAN-AC broadcasted by the plurality of cells over the SFN.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Detecting the network WUS; as well as Responsive to detecting the network WUS, paging is received on the SFN and switching to cell level mobility is performed.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Detecting the network WUS; as well as In response to detecting the network WUS, the following operations are performed: Switching to cell-level mobility; Identify a serving cell; as well as The cell-specific page is received by monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: A minimum gap between the network WUS and the cell-specific paging is indicated by the network WUS.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: Monitoring to find the network WUS includes: Monitor in every DRX cycle to find the network WUS instead of paging monitoring.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: A channel measurement procedure is performed based at least in part on the one or more SSBs received over the SFN.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: The one or more SSBs carry a network identity; and The update area zone includes the RAN-AC, and wherein the network identity is a RAN-AC identity.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein: Receiving the network SS broadcast includes: receiving a channel on the SFN, the channel comprising the network SS; and It is determined that a channel characteristic of another channel on the SFN is the same as the received channel, wherein the another channel includes a network page.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: The channel has the same subcarrier spacing as the another channel.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein: Receiving the broadcasted network SS comprises receiving a channel on the SFN, the channel comprising the network SS.

11. An apparatus configured for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: operating in at least one of an idle state or a radio resource control (RRC) inactive state in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; identifying a single frequency network (SFN) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of cells in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) of an update area zone based at least in part on the UE operating in the at least one of the idle state or the RRC inactive state; receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) broadcasted by at least a first cell among the plurality of cells on the SFN, wherein a waveform of the one or more SSBs has one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS preceding a symbol carrying the PSS; receiving a network synchronization signal (SS) associated with the RAN-AC broadcasted by the plurality of cells over the SFN; and Monitoring for a network wake-up signal (WUS) associated with the RAN-AC broadcasted by the plurality of cells over the SFN.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein: The instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: detecting the network WUS; and Responsive to detecting the network WUS, paging is received on the SFN and switching to cell level mobility is performed.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein: The instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: detecting the network WUS; and In response to detecting the network WUS, the following operations are performed: Switching to cell-level mobility; Identify a serving cell; as well as The cell-specific page is received by monitoring the paging search space for the identified serving cell.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein: The instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: performing a channel measurement procedure based at least in part on the one or more SSBs received over the SFN; and The one or more SSBs carry a network identity rather than a physical cell identity.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein: The instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: receiving a channel on the SFN, the channel comprising the network SS; and It is determined that a channel characteristic of another channel on the SFN is the same as the received channel, wherein the another channel includes a network page.

16. A method for wireless communication at a base station, the method comprising: determining that the base station is part of a single frequency network (SFN) configured for a user equipment (UE) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of cells in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) of an update area zone; determining whether there is a grant for paging; transmitting one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to the UE over the SFN, the waveform of the one or more SSBs transmitted over the SFN having one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS preceding a symbol carrying the PSS; transmitting a network synchronization signal (SS) associated with the RAN-AC to the UE over the SFN; and A network wake-up signal (WUS) associated with the RAN-AC is transmitted over the SFN and a page is transmitted in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein: The page is a network page and is transmitted over the SFN.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein: The paging is a cell-specific paging, and transmitting the network WUS and transmitting the paging includes achieving a minimum gap between the network WUS and the paging, the minimum gap being sufficient to allow the UE sufficient time to switch to cell-level mobility, identify a serving cell, and begin monitoring a paging search space for the identified serving cell.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the network SS transmitted to the UE over the SFN includes the one or more SSBs carrying a network identity instead of a physical cell identity.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: The update area zone includes the RAN-AC, and wherein the network identity is a RAN-AC identity.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein: The waveform of the SSB of the network SS has SSS followed by PSS, and the PSS is followed by one or more repetitions of the SSS.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein: Transmitting the network SS to the UE over the SFN includes: transmitting a channel on said SFN, said channel comprising said network SS; and Another channel is transmitted over the SFN, the another channel comprising a network page, wherein the channel has the same channel characteristics as the another channel.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein: The channel has the same subcarrier spacing as the another channel.

24. An apparatus configured for wireless communication at a base station, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the base station to: determining that the base station is part of a single frequency network (SFN) configured for a user equipment (UE) including a plurality of cells corresponding to a portion of cells in a radio access network area code (RAN-AC) of an update area zone; determining whether there is a grant for paging; transmitting one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to the UE over the SFN, the waveform of the one or more SSBs transmitted over the SFN having one symbol carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and two or more symbols carrying a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), at least one of the two or more symbols carrying the SSS preceding a symbol carrying the PSS; transmitting a network synchronization signal (SS) associated with the RAN-AC to the UE over the SFN; and A network wake-up signal (WUS) associated with the RAN-AC is transmitted over the SFN and a page is transmitted in response to determining that there is a grant for paging.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein: The page is a network page and is transmitted over the SFN.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein: The paging is a cell-specific paging, and transmitting the network WUS and transmitting the paging includes achieving a minimum gap between the network WUS and the paging, the minimum gap being sufficient to allow the UE sufficient time to switch to cell-level mobility, identify a serving cell, and begin monitoring a paging search space for the identified serving cell.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the network SS transmitted to the UE over the SFN includes the one or more SSBs carrying a network identity instead of a physical cell identity.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: The instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the base station to: transmitting a channel on the SFN, the channel comprising the network SS; as well as Another channel is transmitted over the SFN, the another channel comprising a network page, wherein the channel has the same channel characteristics as the another channel.

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