Handling element for a handling element shaft of a screw machine and method for manufacturing a handling element

Abstract

A treatment element (6 to 15, 6' to 15') for a treatment element shaft (4, 4') of a screw machine (1) comprises a main body (36) having an outer wall (40), wherein the outer wall (40) has a first wall portion (W1) and a second wall portion (W2), and wherein the first wall portion (W1) is harder than the second wall portion (W2).

Description

[0001] This patent application claims priority to German patent application DE 10 2020 201 895.2, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a processing element for a processing element shaft of a screw-making machine. Furthermore, this invention relates to a processing element shaft having a processing element of the aforementioned type and a screw-making machine having a processing element shaft of the aforementioned type. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a processing element for a processing element shaft of a screw-making machine. Background Technology

[0003] WO 2018 / 033353 A1 discloses a multi-axis screw machine comprising a housing body having two housing bores and two processing element shafts disposed within the housing bores. Each processing element shaft includes multiple processing elements in the form of screw elements and kneading elements, each processing element having an outer wall for interacting with the plastic material to be processed. The processing elements are designed to engage in a sealing manner with each other. This sealing engagement design of the processing elements affects their conveying and shearing characteristics and increases the likelihood of wear. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of this invention is to provide an improved processing element for the processing element shaft of a screw-making machine, which is particularly durable and economical in operation. In particular, it is desirable that the processing element has a positive impact on the preparation of materials in the screw-making machine.

[0005] This objective is achieved by a processing element for a screw-making machine's processing element shaft, comprising a body having an outer wall, wherein the outer wall has a first wall portion and a second wall portion, wherein the first wall portion is harder than the second wall portion. According to the invention, it has been confirmed that the outer wall of the processing element's body can have a first wall portion that is harder than the second wall portion of the outer wall, thereby making the processing element particularly durable and wear-resistant, and consequently, particularly economical in operation. In particular, the relatively hard form of the first wall portion ensures reduced wear in areas where the outer wall interacts with the screw-making machine's housing and / or with the outer wall of the processing element of an adjacent processing element shaft in a sealing engagement manner. The first wall portion resists relatively high loads due to its higher hardness. The durability of the processing element is particularly beneficial due to the fact that the first wall portion is supported by the relatively low-hardness second wall portion, especially in a soft and / or damped manner. Therefore, the tendency for brittle fracture of the processing element, especially the tendency for brittle fracture of the second wall portion, is mitigated. The increased wear resistance of the processing element results in higher or more durable dimensional accuracy of the processing element and the processing element shaft. Therefore, material preparation is positively affected.

[0006] The outer wall refers to the wall of the body that comes into contact with the material or substance to be treated. The substance to be treated can be a plastic material, especially a plastic material with additives. The body preferably includes an inner wall for interaction with a support shaft. The inner wall is preferably formed as a geared hub. The body preferably has two connecting walls for interaction with adjacent processing elements on the same processing element shaft, which are rotatably connected to the same support shaft. Preferably, the outer wall completely defines the body radially outward about the axis of rotation of the processing element. The processing element can rotate about the axis of rotation for treating the substance, and is particularly capable of being driven to rotate about the axis of rotation for treating the substance. The inner wall is preferably formed concentrically about the axis of rotation.

[0007] The processing element can be formed as a screw element and / or a kneading element. The processing element can be single-start or multi-start, especially two-start or three-start. The kneading element may have one or more kneading discs. The screw element and / or kneading element is preferably formed as a single piece.

[0008] Preferably, the first wall portion is formed of a first material layer, and the second wall portion is formed of a second material layer. The second material layer is preferably the substrate of the main body. Preferably, the mass of the substrate constitutes at least 50%, particularly at least 70%, particularly at least 90%, particularly at least 95% of the mass of the processing element. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the second material layer supports the relatively rigid first material layer with low stress, particularly in a damped manner. For example, steel 1.4112 can be used as the substrate. The layer thickness of the first material layer and / or the second material layer is preferably at least 0.5 mm and at most 5 mm.

[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, the first material layer is adhesively connected to, and in particular welded to, the second material layer.

[0010] The first and second material layers differ, preferably in terms of material composition and / or material structure. Different material compositions can be ensured, for example, by providing different metal alloys, particularly by fabricating metal alloys through welding. Different material structures can be obtained, for example, by heat treatment, particularly laser hardening. The first material layer can, for example, exist primarily as a martensitic phase, and the second material layer can exist primarily as an austenitic phase. Therefore, processing elements can be manufactured particularly economically, and in particular, the first and second wall portions can be of a particularly efficient form.

[0011] The first and / or second material layers may differ from the substrate. The substrate may be harder and / or softer than the first and / or second wall portions.

[0012] The harder form of the first wall portion relative to the second wall portion can be achieved by treating the substrate and / or by depositing a layer of material onto the substrate. Such treatment can include heat treatment, particularly surface hardening, diffusion hardening (nitriding, nitrocarburizing), electron beam hardening, laser hardening, and / or induction hardening.

[0013] The hardness of the wall portion is determined, for example, according to the Brinell (HB) method of DIN EN ISO 6506-1, or the Vickers (HV) method of DIN EN ISO 6507-1, or the Chromium (HRC) method of DIN EN ISO 6508.

[0014] To form at least one first wall portion, a first material layer preferably applied to the body by material deposition preferably comprises at least one material selected from the following: especially cobalt-based alloys (Stellite) based on CoCr, NiCrBSi-based alloys, iron-based powder metallurgy tool steels with or without hard material components, composite materials consisting of at least one of the above materials and other carbide and / or nitride hard inclusions, CrN, TiAlN, TiC, WC, CrC, and ceramics.

[0015] To form the second wall portion, a second material layer preferably applied to the body by layer deposition preferably comprises at least one material selected from the following: high-grade steel, low-alloy steel, nickel-based materials, NiCr70Nb, aluminum, brass, bronze (e.g., aluminum bronze, copper bronze, nickel bronze), and Wokaza alloy. The first and second material layers preferably comprise metals, particularly steel.

[0016] According to one aspect of the invention, the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion are configured as crack arresters to prevent crack formation and / or propagation. Preferably, the main extension direction of the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion is oriented laterally about the crack propagation direction, particularly perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and / or angularly within a range of 30° to 60°. Preferably, the main extension direction of the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion is oriented obliquely about the axis of rotation, particularly perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Therefore, crack formation and propagation can be reliably prevented. In particular, the second wall portion is suitable for crack arrest due to its relatively low hardness.

[0017] According to one aspect of the invention, the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion are in an uninterrupted form. In a top view, the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion can be formed as a polygon, especially a rectangle, especially a square, and / or a circle and / or an ellipse.

[0018] The first and / or second wall portions may have a cross-sectional area configured to taper in a direction perpendicular to the outer wall, particularly in the direction of the axis of rotation. The cross-sectional area may be, for example, triangular, trapezoidal, or arcuate. The corresponding cross-sections are easy to manufacture. The main extent of the first or second wall portion is decisive in determining the cross-sectional area. According to one aspect of the invention, the cross-sectional area is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0019] According to one aspect of the invention, the first wall portion protrudes beyond the envelope formed by the second wall portion. In this way, the first wall portion protrudes beyond the second wall portion perpendicularly with respect to the outer wall, and particularly radially with respect to the axis of rotation. Alternatively, the first wall portion and the second wall portion may be formed flush with each other. In particular, the first wall portion may coincide with the envelope of the second wall portion.

[0020] The protrusion of the first wall portion relative to the second wall portion in the vertical direction, especially in the outward direction, can be formed during the manufacturing of the processing element and / or during operation by the wear of the second wall portion.

[0021] Processing elements comprising multiple first wall portions and multiple second wall portions are particularly durable and economical in operation. Preferably, the outer wall comprises multiple first wall portions and / or multiple second wall portions. For example, the first wall portions and second wall portions may be arranged alternately with respect to each other. Preferably, the first wall portions and second wall portions are oriented parallel to each other, especially in a lamellar arrangement. The first wall portions may have geometrically identical or different shapes relative to each other. Preferably, this also applies to the second wall portions. Furthermore, the first wall portions may have geometrically identical shapes relative to the second wall portions.

[0022] Processing elements configured such that the first wall portion is at least 50 HV10 harder than the second wall portion are particularly wear-resistant. The first wall portion is preferably at least 50 HV10 harder than the second wall portion, particularly at least 75 HV10, particularly at least 100 HV10, particularly at least 150 HV10, and particularly at least 200 HV10. Preferably, the plurality of first wall portions have the same hardness. The hardness deviation of the plurality of first wall portions is preferably at most 50 HV10, particularly at most 20 HV10, and particularly at most 10 HV10. Preferably, this also applies to the plurality of second wall portions.

[0023] The processing element, configured such that only the first wall portion lies on the rotating side surface of the main body, is particularly durable during operation. The rotating side surface of the main body is defined by a circumferential surface stretched when the main body rotates completely around its axis of rotation. The end face of the envelope stretched in this way does not belong to the rotating side surface. The wall portion coinciding with the rotating side surface can contact the inner wall of the screwdriver housing. Since the relatively hard first wall portion lies on the rotating side surface of the main body, especially coinciding with it, wear due to contact with the housing is reduced. Contact between the processing element and the housing is also prevented in a manner dependent on the mounting of the processing element shaft and the clearance between the processing element and the housing. Then, due to the material being processed, an increased shear load is typically generated in the area between the processing element and the housing. Therefore, the arrangement of the first wall portion in the area of ​​the rotating side surface also has the effect of reducing wear in this area of ​​such high load.

[0024] Processing elements configured such that their outer walls have ridges and bases are particularly durable in operation, wherein a first wall portion and / or a second wall portion is arranged on the ridge and / or base. Depending on whether a single-start or multi-start processing element is present, the outer wall may have at least one base and at least one ridge. The ridge comprises the portion of the outer wall furthest from the axis of rotation in the radial direction. The outer wall preferably consists of at least one ridge and at least one base. Preferably, the first wall portion is arranged on both the ridge and the base. The processing element is preferably designed for sealing engagement. Because adjacent processing elements with different element shafts seal against each other, the base also bears high loads, particularly due to the sliding friction and / or increased shearing action of the material being processed. At least one first wall portion is also arranged on the base, making the processing element particularly durable with respect to the corresponding load. The ridge is especially a screw ridge or a kneading element ridge.

[0025] Processing elements configured such that the processing element is formed as a screw element can be manufactured particularly economically and are particularly durable in operation, wherein the main extension direction of the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion is oriented parallel to and / or transversely with respect to the helix of the screw element. The orientation of the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion parallel to the helix improves the conveying characteristics of the screw element. Preferably, multiple first wall portions are provided on the ridge of the screw element. This further improves the sealing effect between the screw element and the housing. This improves the conveying performance of the screw element. Therefore, crack formation and / or crack propagation can be prevented transversely with respect to the helix. The first wall portion and / or the second wall portion can be arranged transversely, and particularly perpendicularly, with respect to the helix. In this way, the shearing action between the processing element and the housing is improved.

[0026] Processing elements configured such that the first and / or second wall portions are strip-shaped are particularly durable in operation and can be manufactured particularly economically. Strip-shaped means that the aspect ratio of the first and / or second wall portions is at least 5, particularly at least 10, particularly at least 15, and particularly at least 20. The aspect ratio is preferably at most 10000, particularly at most 5000, and particularly at most 1000. Preferably, the first and / or second wall portions have a constant lateral extension with respect to their respective main extension directions. In particular, multiple first wall portions are arranged in an alternating manner with respect to multiple second wall portions. This lamellar arrangement can have a positive impact on the preparation of substances or materials.

[0027] At least one first wall portion and at least one second wall portion may be formed to intersect each other. Therefore, the crack-arresting function of the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion is further improved. This also improves the conveying and shearing characteristics of the processing element.

[0028] Processing elements configured such that the first and / or second wall portions are oriented parallel to and / or perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the processing element are particularly wear-resistant and ensure a positive impact on the preparation of the material to be processed. Preferably, the first and / or second wall portions are oriented parallel to and / or perpendicular to the axis of rotation in the region of the rotating side surface. In particular, the strip-shaped first wall portion can be oriented parallel to the axis of rotation in the region of the rotating side surface. This is advantageously achieved by increasing the shearing effect on the material to be processed and the sealing effect with respect to the housing. The first and / or second wall portions can also be oriented obliquely about the axis of rotation.

[0029] Processing elements configured such that the first and second wall portions are oriented parallel to each other are particularly wear-resistant. By means of the parallel orientation of the first and second wall portions, and especially the parallel orientation of multiple alternating first and second wall portions, they can withstand particularly uniform loads. Load peaks can be reduced, thus making the processing elements particularly durable.

[0030] Processing elements configured such that the first and / or second wall portions are at least 180° or more about the axis of rotation of the processing element are particularly durable in operation and can be manufactured particularly economically. Preferably, the first and / or second wall portions are at least 180°, particularly at least 270°, particularly at least 360°, particularly at least 720° or more about the axis of rotation. Frictional resistance with respect to the housing and / or to adjacent processing elements can be reduced by the guiding effect of the first and / or second wall portions. The uninterrupted form within the corresponding angular range ensures improved transport of the material to be processed. Preferably, in this case, the first and / or second wall portions are strip-shaped.

[0031] According to one aspect of the invention, the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion extend in the conveying direction and / or in the circumferential direction on at least 50%, especially at least 80%, especially at least 100% of the threaded turns of the screw element and / or on the extension of the kneading disc of the kneading element. The first wall portion and / or the second wall portion may also extend on more than one threaded turn of the screw element, especially on two or more threaded turns.

[0032] Processing elements configured such that the first and / or second wall portions are manufactured by material deposition are particularly durable in operation and can be manufactured particularly economically. Material deposition can be performed, for example, by welding and / or by hot isostatic pressing. Preferably, the first wall portion protrudes beyond the envelope formed by the second wall portion, particularly outwardly in the radial direction about the axis of rotation beyond the envelope formed by the second wall portion.

[0033] Furthermore, the first wall portion and / or the second wall portion can be manufactured by material removal. Material removal can be carried out chemically, especially during etching, and / or mechanically, especially by cutting, especially during milling. For example, the second wall portion can be formed by material removal. In order to chemically remove the material, it is preferable to first mask those portions that are not subject to material removal. In particular, in this way, the first wall portion can protrude outward beyond the second wall portion, especially beyond the envelope formed by the second wall portion.

[0034] Processing elements configured such that the first and / or second wall portions form the profile of the outer wall ensure particularly high conveying and shearing performance and are durable in operation. They preferably comprise a plurality of first and second wall portions to form the profiled outer wall. Preferably, the first and / or second wall portions are offset from each other perpendicularly relative to the outer wall. In particular, the first and / or second wall portions deviate from the envelopes formed by the other wall portions. For example, the first wall portions form peaks, and the second wall portions form grooves, or vice versa. Thus, when the first and / or second wall portions are strip-shaped, a surface configured as a lamellar shape can be provided. Alternatively, the outer surface can have island-like protrusions, preferably in the form of the first wall portions.

[0035] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved processing element shaft that is particularly economical and wear-resistant during operation, and / or has a positive impact on material preparation.

[0036] This objective is achieved by a processing element shaft having at least one processing element according to the invention and a support shaft to which at least one processing element is rotatably attached. The advantages of the processing element shaft according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the processing element described above. In particular, the features of the processing element can be utilized to refine the processing element shaft. According to one aspect of the invention, the processing element shaft includes at least one screw element and at least one engaging element. The processing element shaft may also include only the screw element or only the engaging element. Preferably, the processing element shaft is designed to interact with the housing and / or adjacent processing element shafts in a sealing engagement manner. The processing element shaft may include similar and / or different screw elements and / or engaging elements according to the invention.

[0037] Furthermore, the object of this invention is to provide a screw-making machine that is particularly economical in operation, requires very little maintenance, and / or has a positive impact on material preparation.

[0038] This objective is achieved by a screw-making machine comprising at least one processing element shaft according to the invention, and a housing having a housing body and at least one housing bore formed in the housing body, wherein the at least one processing element shaft is at least partially disposed in the housing bore. The screw-making machine can be a single-axis screw-making machine or a multi-axis screw-making machine, particularly a two-axis screw-making machine. The advantages of the screw-making machine according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the aforementioned processing element shaft and processing element. In particular, the features of the processing element shaft and processing element can be utilized to improve the screw-making machine. The housing body preferably comprises a plurality of housing portions that can be reversibly connected to each other. The at least one processing element shaft is preferably designed to engage with the housing in a sealing manner. In the case of a multi-axis screw-making machine, the processing element shafts are preferably designed to engage with each other in a sealing manner. Furthermore, in the case of a multi-axis screw-making machine, the processing element shafts can preferably be driven to rotate in opposite directions.

[0039] According to one aspect of the invention, a screw machine includes an introduction zone and / or a melting zone and / or a plasticizing zone and / or a degassing zone and / or a homogenizing zone and / or a conveying and mixing zone and / or a pressure gathering zone, wherein at least one processing element according to the invention is arranged.

[0040] Furthermore, the object of this invention is to provide an improved method for manufacturing processing elements.

[0041] This objective is achieved by a method for manufacturing a processing element shaft for a screw-making machine, the method comprising the steps of: providing a body having an outer wall, forming a first wall portion and a second wall portion of the outer wall, such that the first wall portion is harder than the second wall portion. The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the processing element shaft and the processing element, and the aforementioned screw-making machine. In particular, the method can be improved by utilizing the features of the screw-making machine, the processing element shaft, and the processing element. The method according to the invention is preferably part of a method for manufacturing a processing element shaft and / or a screw-making machine.

[0042] Other features, advantages, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of several exemplary embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional side view of a multi-axis screw machine with a housing and two processing element shafts is shown. Each processing element shaft includes multiple processing elements.

[0044] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional top view of a multi-axis screw machine.

[0045] Figure 3 It shows along Figure 2 The cross-section of the multi-axis screw machine in section line III-III.

[0046] Figure 4 A side view of a processing element in the form of a screw element according to a first exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0047] Figure 5 It shows along Figure 4 The cross-section of the screw component is shown in section line VV.

[0048] Figure 6 A side view of a processing element in the form of a screw element according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0049] Figure 7 It shows along Figure 6 The cross-section of the screw element along section line VII-VII in the diagram.

[0050] Figure 8 A side view of a processing element in the form of a kneading element according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0051] Figure 9 It shows along Figure 8 The cross-section of the kneading element at section line IX-IX in the middle.

[0052] Figure 10A side view of a processing element in the form of a kneading element according to another exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0053] Figure 11 It shows along Figure 10 The cross-section of the kneading element in section line XI-XI. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Based on Figures 1 to 3 This describes a screw-making machine 1 used for preparing a substance or plastic material 2. The plastic material may include additives 3. The screw-making machine 1 is in the form of a multi-axis screw-making machine, and particularly in the form of a two-axis screw-making machine.

[0055] The screw fastener 1 has a first processing element shaft 4 and a second processing element shaft 4'. To distinguish the components of the first processing element shaft 4 and the second processing element shaft 4', the reference numerals associated with the second processing element shaft 4' are suffixed with '. Along the conveying direction 5, each processing element shaft 4, 4' includes a plurality of processing elements 6 to 15 or 6' to 15' arranged in series. The processing element shafts 4, 4' are rotatably arranged in the housing 16 of the screw fastener 1. The housing 16 includes a housing body 16a. In the housing body 16a, two mutually parallel housing holes 17, 17' are arranged. The first processing element shaft 4 is arranged in the first housing hole 17, and the second processing element shaft 4' is arranged in the second housing hole 17'. The first housing hole 17 and the second housing hole 17' are oriented parallel to each other and overlap each other, such that in cross-section they have the shape of the number 8 on their sides. The processing element shafts 4, 4' are arranged concentrically with respect to the housing holes 17, 17'.

[0056] The first processing element shaft 4 has a first support shaft 18 to which processing elements 6 to 15 are rotatably attached. The second processing element shaft 4' correspondingly includes a second support shaft 18' to which processing elements 6' to 15' are rotatably attached. Each processing element shaft 4, 4' is mounted so as to be rotatable about rotation axes 19, 19' oriented parallel to the conveying direction 5. The processing element shafts 4, 4' can be rotated by a drive motor 20. A distribution transmission 21 is arranged between the processing element shafts 4, 4' and the drive motor 20, wherein a clutch 22 is arranged between the drive motor 20 and the distribution transmission 21. The processing element shafts 4, 4' are driven in the same direction about their respective rotation axes 19, 19', i.e., in the same rotation directions 23, 23'.

[0057] The housing 16 includes housing portions 24 and 25. A funnel-shaped material supply device 26 is arranged on the first housing portion 24 along the conveying direction 5, through which the plastic material 2 to be prepared and possible additives 3 can be added into the housing holes 17 and 17'.

[0058] The screw machine 1 has, in series along the conveying direction 5, an introduction zone 27, a melting or plasticizing zone 28, a degassing zone 29, a homogenizing zone 30, a conveying zone and a mixing zone 31, and a pressure gathering zone 32. The housing 16 includes a nozzle plate 33, which is connected to the final housing portion 24 along the conveying direction 5. The nozzle plate 33 has a discharge opening 34.

[0059] Processing elements 6, 6', 7, 7', 10, 10', 12, 12', 13, 13', 14, 14', 15, and 15' are in the form of screw elements. Processing elements 8, 8', 9, 9', 11, and 11' are in the form of clamping elements. The housing portions of processing elements 6, 6', 7, 7', 10, 10', 12, 12', 13, 13', 14, 14', 15, and 15', which belong to the screw element type, are indicated by reference numeral 24. The housing portions indicated by reference numeral 25 interact with processing elements 8, 8', 9, 9', 11, and 11', which are in the form of clamping elements.

[0060] The kneading elements 8, 8', 9, 9', 11, and 11' have kneading discs 48, which are arranged at an angle to each other and connected in series in the conveying direction 5. Multiple kneading discs 48 arranged adjacent to each other form a single-piece kneading block.

[0061] In the introduction zone 27, screw elements 6, 6', 7, 7' are arranged on their respective support shafts 18, 18'. These screw elements 6, 6', 7, 7' engage with each other, thus being configured to seal and mesh in pairs. In the melting zone 28, kneading elements 8, 8', 9, 9' are arranged on the support shafts 18, 18', and these kneading elements are similarly configured to seal and mesh in pairs. In the subsequent degassing zone 29, screw elements 10, 10', which are sealed and meshed with each other, are again arranged on the support shafts 18, 18'. The housing portion 24 belonging to the degassing zone 29 has a degassing opening 35 for degassing the plastic material 2 to be treated. In the subsequent homogenization zone 30, kneading elements 11, 11', which are sealed and meshed with each other, are arranged on the support shafts 18, 18'. Furthermore, in the subsequent conveying and mixing zone 31, screw elements 12, 12', 13, 13' that are sealed and meshed with each other are arranged on support shafts 18, 18'. Correspondingly, in the subsequent pressure gathering zone 32, screw elements 14, 14', 15, 15' are arranged on support shafts 18, 18'. The processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15' are, for example, single-headed or double-headed.

[0062] Figure 3A cross-section of the screw-operated machine 1 is shown. Each processing element 6 to 15, 6' to 15' has a body 36. Each body 36 extends through shaft holes 37, 37'. The shaft holes 37, 37' are in the form of geared hubs. To rotatably connect the support shafts 18, 18' to the processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15', the support shafts 18, 18' have corresponding wave profiles that interact with the hub profiles of the shaft holes 37, 37' in a positive locking manner. The central longitudinal axis of the shaft holes 37, 37' coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the housing holes 17, 17' and the rotation axes 19, 19'. The shaft holes 37 are defined by an inner wall 38. Furthermore, the body 36 is defined by a connecting wall 39 between two adjacent processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15' along the conveying direction 5. In addition, the body 36 is defined by an outer wall 40. The outer wall 40 contacts the plastic material 2 and is designed to act on the plastic material 2.

[0063] The main body 36 has a length L in the conveying direction 5. W The shaft hole 37 extends through the entire body 36 in the conveying direction 5, so that the shaft hole 37 also has a length L. W Processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15' have an outer diameter D. W The housing holes 17 and 17' have a diameter D. G .

[0064] The outer wall 40 of the screw element and the engaging element respectively includes a ridge 41 and a base 42. In the region of the ridge 41, the outer wall 40 has an outer diameter D. W The base 42 forms the wing sides 43 of the processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15'.

[0065] Figure 4 The screw element 6 is shown in more detail. The outer wall 40 includes a plurality of first wall portions W1 and a plurality of second wall portions W2. The first wall portions W1 are strip-shaped and extend parallel to the helix 44 of the screw element 6. The outer wall 40 includes a total of two first wall portions W1. The two wall portions W1 are arranged in the ridge 41. The second wall portions W2 form the remaining surface of the outer wall 40. The second wall portions W2 extend on the ridge 21 and the base 42.

[0066] The first wall portion W1 has a dimension X1 perpendicular to its main extension direction and in the conveying direction 5. Along its main extension direction, the first wall portion W1 has a dimension L1 corresponding to the length of the helix 44. For the ratio L1 / X1, the following applies: L1 / X1 ≥ 10. The first wall portion W1 is correspondingly strip-shaped.

[0067] The first wall portion W1 protrudes outward in the radial direction and perpendicularly to the outer wall 40 beyond the envelope 45 formed by the second wall portion W2. Specifically, the first wall portion W1 is formed by the deposition of a material layer M1. The material layer M1 has a layer thickness D1 in the radial direction about its respective rotation axes 19, 19'. Preferably, the layer thickness D1 is at least 1 mm and at most 4 mm.

[0068] For example, the application of material layer M1 is performed by at least one of the following material deposition methods: laser welding, PTA welding (PTA: plasma transfer arc welding), electrode welding, thermal spraying, hot isostatic pressing, sintering, brazing, additive manufacturing, CVD coating (CVD: chemical vapor deposition) and / or PVD coating (PVD: physical vapor deposition), detonation coating.

[0069] To form the first wall portion W1, at least one material of the first material layer M1 is selected from the following materials: cobalt-based alloy (Stellite), NiCrBSi-based alloy, iron-based powder metallurgy tool steel with or without hard material components, composite material composed of at least one of the above materials, composite material composed of at least one of the above materials preferably with other carbide and / or nitride hard inclusions, CrN, TiAlN, TiC.

[0070] The second wall portion W2 is formed from the substrate M2 of the main body 36. The second wall portion W2 has a layer thickness D2. The substrate M2 is a conventional substrate, such as steel material 1.4112. In particular, the material layer M1 is harder than the substrate M2. This ensures that the first wall portion W1 is harder than the second wall portion W2. In particular, the first wall portion W1 is 100 HV10 harder than the second wall portion W2.

[0071] The outer wall 40 has a profile 46. Profile 46 is formed by means of a first wall portion W1, which protrudes radially about the axis of rotation 19 beyond the envelope 45 formed by the second wall portion W2. Therefore, in the region of the ridge 41, the first wall portion W1 is radially offset from the second wall portion W2 about the axis of rotation 19. The first wall portion W1 forms a web, and channels in the form of the second wall portion W2 extend between the webs. In this way, conveying and sealing functions are improved.

[0072] Only the first wall portion W1 is located on the rotating side surface 47 of the main body 36. The rotating side surface 47 is defined by an outer envelope stretched when the various processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15' are fully rotated about the rotation axis 19, 19'.

[0073] Based on Figure 6 and Figure 7Describes a screw element according to another exemplary embodiment. Compared to the exemplary embodiment described above, a first wall portion W1 disposed on the ridge 41 is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation 19. The ratio L1 / X1 is at least 0.5 and at most 10. The first wall portion W1 is disposed only on the ridge 41, and a second wall portion W2 is formed on the ridge 41 and the base 42.

[0074] The first wall portion W1 does not protrude beyond the envelope 45 formed by the second wall portion W2. Instead, the first wall portion W1 lies on the envelope 45. The second wall portion W2, arranged in the ridge 41, is oriented parallel to the first wall portion W1. The outer wall 40, especially the ridge 41, has no profile.

[0075] The first material layer M1 is formed by a hardened substrate M2. The hardening of the material layer M1 is performed by at least one of the following hardening methods: surface hardening, nitriding, boronizing, and laser hardening.

[0076] Based on Figure 8 and Figure 9 Another exemplary embodiment is described. Compared to the exemplary embodiment described above, the processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15', which have the first wall portion W1 and the second wall portion W2, are kneading elements 8, 8', 9, 9', 11, and 11'. In addition to the first wall portion W1 and the second wall portion W2, the kneading element 8 also includes a third wall portion W3. The wall portions W1, W2, and W3 are strip-shaped. The main extension direction of the wall portions W1, W2, and W3 is oriented inclined about the rotation axis 19 and about the cross-sectional area of ​​the kneading element 8. The wall portions W1, W2, and W3 extend on the ridge 41 and the base 42, respectively.

[0077] The third wall portion W3 has a material layer M3, the hardness of which is lower than that of the substrate M2.

[0078] Using the example of kneading element 9, based on Figure 10 and Figure 11 Another exemplary embodiment of the processing elements 6 to 15, 6' to 15' is described below. Compared to the exemplary embodiment described above, the ratio between the dimension L1 of each first wall portion W1 along the rotation axis 19 and the dimension X1 of each first wall portion W1 perpendicular to dimension L1 (dimension L1 is parallel to the outer wall 40) is at most 5. In particular, the dimension of the first wall portion W1 is smaller than the length L of the kneading disc 48 along the conveying direction 5. k W2 is grid-like. At least some of the first wall portions W1 are completely surrounded by the second wall portions W2. The first wall portions W1 protrude radially about the axis of rotation 19 beyond the envelope 45 formed by the second wall portions W2. The rotating side surface 47 is formed solely by the first wall portions W1.

[0079] Typically, at least one first wall portion W1 and at least one second wall portion W2 can be formed by treating the outer wall 40 during the hardening process, particularly by thermosetting and / or material deposition. At least one first wall portion W1 and at least one second wall portion W2 come into contact with the plastic material 2 to be treated during the operation of the screw press. The layer thickness D1 can be less than, equal to, or greater than the layer thickness D2 of the second wall portion W2. The layer thickness D2 is preferably greater than the layer thickness D1. Material layers M1 and M2 can be treated or processed after deposition. The plurality of first wall portions W1 and / or the plurality of second wall portions W2 can have the same and / or different forms in terms of their geometry and / or hardness and / or material composition.

Claims

1. A processing element for a processing element shaft of a screw machine (1), comprising: - The main body (36) has an outer wall (40). in, The outer wall (40) has a plurality of first wall portions (W1) and a plurality of second wall portions (W2). Wherein, the first wall portion (W1) is harder than the second wall portion (W2), and The first wall portion (W1) is strip-shaped, and the aspect ratio of each first wall portion is at least 5. Its features are, The first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) are oriented parallel to each other and arranged alternately about each other; and The processing element (6 to 15, 6' to 15') is one of the following: Screw elements (6, 6', 7, 7', 10, 10', 12 to 15, 12' to 15'), wherein the main extension direction of the first wall portion (W1) is transverse to the helix (44) of the screw elements (6, 6', 7, 7', 10, 10', 12 to 15, 12' to 15'); or The kneading elements (8, 8', 9, 9', 11, 11'), wherein the main extension direction of the first wall portion (W1) is transverse to the axis of rotation (19) and transverse to the cross section of the kneading elements (8, 8', 9, 9', 11, 11').

2. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wall portion (W1) is at least 50 HV10 harder than the second wall portion (W2).

3. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Only the first wall portion (W1) is located on the rotating side surface (47) of the body (36).

4. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall (40) has a ridge (41) and a base (42), wherein at least one of the first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) is disposed on at least one of the ridge (41) and the base (42).

5. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) is oriented in a manner parallel to and perpendicular to at least one of the rotation axes (19, 19') of the processing elements (6 to 15, 6' to 15').

6. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) is at least 180° above the axis of rotation (19, 19') of the processing element (6 to 15, 6' to 15').

7. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) is manufactured by material deposition.

8. The processing element according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) forms the profile (46) of the outer wall (40).

9. A processing element shaft, having - At least one processing element (6 to 15, 6' to 15') according to claim 1, and - A support shaft (18, 18'), wherein at least one processing element (6 to 15, 6' to 15') is rotatably attached to the support shaft.

10. A screw-making machine, comprising: - At least one processing element shaft (4, 4') according to claim 9, and - Housing (16), which has - The main body of the casing (16a), and - At least one housing hole (17, 17') is formed in the housing body (16a), and the at least one processing element shaft (4, 4') is arranged at least partially in the housing hole.

11. A method of manufacturing processing elements (6 to 15, 6' to 15') of the processing element shaft (4, 4') for a screw machine (1) according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: - Set the main body (36) with an outer wall (40). - The first wall portion (W1) and the second wall portion (W2) forming the outer wall (40) are made such that the first wall portion (W1) is harder than the second wall portion (W2).

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