A test bench for the life of forklift steering axle bearings

Abstract

This invention discloses a forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, comprising a driven steering axle, an active steering axle, and a support plate assembly disposed between the driven and active steering axles. Both the driven and active steering axles are equipped with a bearing to be tested, a steering knuckle, and a steering drive assembly for providing steering driving force to the steering knuckle. The steering knuckle of the driven steering axle is fixedly connected and locked to the steering knuckle of the active steering axle on the same side via a detachable connection assembly. This forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, by integrating the two steering axles, can simulate the service life test of the bearings on the steering axles during actual forklift operation, thereby solving the problems of high cost and low efficiency in simulating steering test conditions due to the inconvenience of disassembling and assembling the entire vehicle. Furthermore, by setting up two steering axles (driven and active), different bearings can be used on the two steering axles for testing, thereby improving testing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering vehicle technology, and in particular to a test bench for the life of forklift steering axle bearings. Background Technology

[0002] As forklifts are increasingly used both domestically and internationally, their reliability is receiving more and more attention.

[0003] Currently, in China, the lifespan testing of steering axle bearings for engineering vehicles, such as forklifts, typically involves testing the bearings individually or conducting steering tests on the entire vehicle under extreme conditions. However, conducting steering tests on the entire vehicle is too costly, and the test duration is difficult to control. Furthermore, simulating operating conditions may cause other components to fail before the bearings.

[0004] Therefore, how to avoid increasing testing costs due to steering tests on the whole vehicle is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, which can solve the problems of high cost and low test efficiency in simulating the steering test conditions of the whole vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, comprising a driven steering axle body, an active steering axle body, and a support plate assembly disposed between the driven steering axle body and the active steering axle body; both the driven steering axle body and the active steering axle body are provided with a bearing to be tested, a steering knuckle, and a steering drive assembly for providing steering driving force to the steering knuckle; the steering knuckle of the driven steering axle body is fixedly connected and locked to the steering knuckle of the active steering axle body on the same side by a detachable connection assembly.

[0007] Optionally, the detachable connection assembly includes:

[0008] A first clamp is disposed on one side of the driven steering axle and fixedly connected to the steering knuckle on the driven steering axle;

[0009] A second clamp is provided on the same side of the active steering axle and fixedly connected to the steering knuckle on the active steering axle;

[0010] Two long bolts for securing the first clamp and the opposing second clamp.

[0011] Optionally, both the first clamp and the second clamp include a through hole extending along the thickness direction for the steering knuckle to pass through, and the steering knuckle is locked to the first clamp or the second clamp by a locking assembly.

[0012] Optionally, the steering drive assembly includes a steering cylinder and an oil pump connected to the steering cylinder via a hydraulic pipeline, wherein the steering cylinder is connected to the steering knuckle via a connecting rod assembly.

[0013] Optionally, the oil pump is connected to a microcontroller, which controls the oil pump to reciprocate and cyclically apply force to the steering cylinder to simulate the reciprocating steering condition of the driven steering axle or the active steering axle.

[0014] Optionally, the support plate assembly includes a first support plate fixed to the bottom of the driven steering axle, a second support plate fixed to the top of the active steering axle, and a limiting shaft that cooperates with the first support plate and the second support plate to limit the first support plate and the second support plate.

[0015] Optionally, it further includes a detection device disposed between the first support plate and the second support plate for detecting the magnitude of the static load on the driven steering axle or the active steering axle, and a display device electrically connected to the detection device for displaying the detection data of the detection device.

[0016] Optionally, both the first support plate and the second support plate are provided with receiving grooves for accommodating the detection device.

[0017] Optionally, it further includes a pressure-applying device disposed between the first support plate and the second support plate for applying pressure to the driven steering axle and the active steering axle.

[0018] Optionally, the pressure-applying device is specifically a hydraulic drive device, which includes a pressure-applying oil pump and a pressure-applying oil cylinder disposed between the first support plate and the second support plate and connected to the pressure-applying oil pump through a pipeline.

[0019] Compared to the aforementioned background technology, the forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a driven steering axle body, an active steering axle body, and a support plate assembly, wherein the support plate assembly is disposed between the driven steering axle body and the active steering axle body; both the driven steering axle body and the active steering axle body are provided with a bearing to be tested, a steering knuckle, and a steering drive assembly, wherein the steering drive assembly is used to provide steering drive force to the steering knuckle; furthermore, the steering knuckle of the driven steering axle body is fixedly connected and locked to the steering knuckle of the active steering axle body on the same side by a detachable connection assembly, that is, the steering knuckles located on both sides of the driven steering axle body and the steering knuckles located on both sides of the active steering axle body are all connected by a detachable connection assembly. The connecting components are fixed and locked. Simultaneously, under the action of the detachable connecting components, the support plate assembly located between the driven steering axle and the active steering axle can apply pressure to both the driven and active steering axles, thus simulating the steering axle load (static load). In addition, the steering drive assembly of the driven steering axle can provide steering driving force to the steering knuckle on the driven steering axle, thus simulating the reciprocating steering condition of the steering axle. The steering drive assembly of the active steering axle can provide steering driving force to the steering knuckle on the active steering axle, thereby providing steering resistance to the driven steering axle, thus simulating the resistance between the tires and the ground during steering. Compared to traditional steering tests on the entire vehicle, the forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in this embodiment of the invention can integrate two steering axles and make their operating conditions identical. By simulating steering axle load conditions, reciprocating steering conditions, and conditions where the tires encounter resistance during steering, the lifespan test of the bearings on the steering axles during actual forklift operation can be achieved. This solves the problems of high cost and low efficiency in simulating steering test conditions due to the inconvenience of disassembling and assembling the entire vehicle. At the same time, by setting up two steering axles, a driven steering axle and a driven steering axle, different bearings can be used on the two steering axles for testing, thereby improving testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixture in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the first or second support plate in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another type of first or second support plate;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle support leg.

[0026] in:

[0027] 1-King pin, 2-Side bearing, 3-Driven steering axle, 4-Driven steering axle, 5-Support plate assembly, 51-First support plate, 501-Support plate, 5011-Receiving groove, 5012-Positioning groove, 502-Outrigger, 52-Second support plate, 53-Limiting shaft, 6-Detection device, 7-Detachable connecting assembly, 71-First clamp, 701-Through hole, 72-Second clamp, 73-Long bolt, 8-Steering knuckle, 9-Locking assembly, 10-Steering cylinder, 11-Connecting rod assembly, 12-Needle roller bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The core of this invention is to provide a forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, which can solve the problems of high cost and low test efficiency in simulating the steering test conditions of the whole vehicle.

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper end," "lower end," "left side," and "right side" mentioned below are defined based on the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixture in the middle;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the first or second support plate in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another type of first or second support plate; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle support leg.

[0034] The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a driven steering axle body 3, an active steering axle body 4, and a support plate assembly 5, wherein the support plate assembly 5 is disposed between the driven steering axle body 3 and the active steering axle body 4.

[0035] It should be noted that the driven steering axle 3 and the active steering axle 4 described above have the same structure as the steering axle in a forklift, that is, both the driven steering axle 3 and the active steering axle 4 are equipped with the bearing to be tested, the steering knuckle 8, and the steering drive assembly. The steering drive assembly is used to provide steering driving force to the steering knuckle 8. The bearing to be tested includes a flat bearing 2 and a needle roller bearing 12, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] Specifically, taking the driven steering axle 3 as an example, both sides of the driven steering axle 3 are provided with steering knuckles 8, the one on the left is the left steering knuckle, and the one on the right is the right steering knuckle. Both ends of the driven steering axle 3 are provided with kingpins 1. The steering drive assembly includes a steering cylinder 10 installed in the driven steering axle 3. The steering cylinder 10 is connected to the steering knuckle 8 through a connecting rod assembly 11. The connecting rod assembly 11 includes an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, which are arranged opposite to each other. In this way, the driving force of the steering cylinder 10 can be transmitted to the steering knuckle 8 through the connecting rod assembly 11, so that the steering knuckle 8 rotates around the kingpin 1 to achieve the steering function.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the driven steering axle 3 and the active steering axle 4 are arranged in a mirror image. Furthermore, the steering knuckle 8 of the driven steering axle 3 is fixedly connected and locked to the steering knuckle 8 of the active steering axle 4 on the same side by a detachable connecting assembly 7. That is to say, the steering knuckles 8 on both sides of the driven steering axle 3 and the steering knuckles 8 on both sides of the active steering axle 4 are fixedly connected and locked by the detachable connecting assembly 7. At the same time, under the connection action of the detachable connecting assembly 7, the support plate assembly 5 located between the driven steering axle 3 and the active steering axle 4 can apply pressure to the driven steering axle 3 and the active steering axle 4, thus realizing the simulation of steering axle load (static load).

[0038] In this way, since the forces are mutual, the active steering axle 4 can provide a preset pressure to the driven steering axle 3, and the driven steering axle 3 can provide a preset pressure to the active steering axle 4, thus simulating the load conditions of the driven steering axle 3 / active steering axle 4.

[0039] Of course, depending on actual needs, the detachable connection assembly 7 on either side can be specifically provided with two connecting seats that are respectively fixed to the steering knuckle 8 of the driven steering axle 3 and the steering knuckle 8 of the active steering axle 4, as well as several bolts connecting the two connecting seats.

[0040] Furthermore, the steering drive assembly of the driven steering axle 3 can provide steering driving force to the steering knuckle 8 on the driven steering axle 3, thus simulating the reciprocating steering condition of the steering axle; the steering drive assembly of the active steering axle 4 can provide steering driving force to the steering knuckle 8 on the active steering axle 4, thereby providing steering resistance to the driven steering axle 3, thus simulating the resistance condition between the tire and the ground during the steering process of the steering axle.

[0041] Compared to traditional steering tests on the entire vehicle, the forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided in this embodiment of the invention can integrate two steering axles and make their operating conditions identical. By simulating steering axle load conditions, steering axle reciprocating steering conditions, and conditions where the tires encounter resistance with the ground during steering, the lifespan test of the bearings 2 on the steering axles during actual forklift operation can be achieved. This solves the problem of high cost and low efficiency in simulating steering test conditions due to the inconvenience of disassembling and assembling the entire vehicle. At the same time, by setting up two steering axles, a driven steering axle body 3 and an active steering axle body 4, different bearings 2 can be used on the two steering axles for testing, thereby improving testing efficiency.

[0042] Specifically, the detachable connection assembly 7 for connecting the steering knuckle 8 of the driven steering axle 3 and the steering knuckle 8 of the driving steering axle 4 on the same side includes a first clamp 71, a second clamp 72 and long bolts 73. The first clamp 71 is located on one side of the driven steering axle 3 and is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle 8 on the driven steering axle 3. The second clamp 72 is located on the same side of the driving steering axle 4 and is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle 8 on the driving steering axle 4. The two long bolts 73 are used to fix the first clamp 71 and the second clamp 72 opposite to it.

[0043] In other words, the first clamps 71 located on both sides of the driven steering axle 3 are respectively set to correspond one-to-one with the second clamps 72 on both sides of the active steering axle 4, and any first clamp 71 and the corresponding second clamp 72 are fixed and locked by two long bolts 73.

[0044] More specifically, both the first clamp 71 and the second clamp 72 include a through hole 701 extending along the thickness direction. The through hole 701 is used for the steering knuckle 8 to pass through. The steering knuckle 8 on the driven steering axle 3 is locked to the first clamp 71 by the locking assembly 9, and the steering knuckle 8 on the driving steering axle 4 is also locked to the second clamp 72 by the locking assembly 9. Specifically, the locking assembly 9 can be equipped with a locking nut, that is, a threaded connection end is provided at the end of the steering knuckle 8 that extends out of the clamp. By screwing the locking nut onto this threaded connection end, the steering knuckle 8 is locked onto the clamp. Furthermore, in order to prevent loosening, bolts and anti-loosening washers can also be provided on the basis of the locking nut to prevent the locking nut from loosening.

[0045] Of course, the first clamp 71 and the second clamp 72 have similar structures. The difference is that the two holes on the first clamp 71 for the long bolt 73 to pass through are through holes, while the two threaded holes on the second clamp 72 for the long bolt 73 to be screwed on are blind holes.

[0046] To facilitate the provision of steering driving force, the steering drive assembly of the driven steering axle 3 includes a steering cylinder 10 disposed on the driven steering axle 3 and an oil pump connected to the steering cylinder 10 via a hydraulic pipeline. The steering cylinder 10 is connected to the steering knuckle 8 of the driven steering axle 3 via a connecting rod assembly 11. Similarly, the steering drive assembly of the driving steering axle 4 includes a steering cylinder 10 disposed on the driving steering axle 4 and an oil pump connected to the steering cylinder 10 via a hydraulic pipeline. The steering cylinder 10 is connected to the steering knuckle 8 of the driving steering axle 4 via a connecting rod assembly 11.

[0047] The oil pump is connected to a microcontroller, which controls the oil pump to reciprocate and cyclically apply force to the steering cylinder 10 to simulate the reciprocating steering condition of the driven steering axle 3 or the active steering axle 4.

[0048] In other words, the oil pump is used to apply force to the steering cylinder 10 in a reciprocating cycle to simulate the reciprocating steering condition of the steering axle. The oil pump is controlled by a microcontroller and can record the number of steering times and time to determine the service life of the bearing 2.

[0049] In order to simulate the resistance between the tire and the ground during the steering process, the test bench connects an oil pump with a certain pressure to the steering cylinder 10 on the driven steering axle. Specifically, the oil pump connected to the active steering axle 4 is an oil pump that can provide a preset oil pressure. In this way, the resistance generated between the tire and the ground can be simulated when the driven steering axle 3 turns.

[0050] Based on the above, the support plate assembly 5 includes a first support plate 51, a second support plate 52, and a plurality of limiting shafts 53. The first support plate 51 is fixed to the bottom of the driven steering axle 3, the second support plate 52 is fixed to the top of the active steering axle 4, and the plurality of limiting shafts 53 are connected to the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52 in cooperation. The plurality of limiting shafts 53 are used to limit the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52.

[0051] Specifically, the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52 can be configured to have the same structure, both including a support plate 501 and two support legs 502. The two support legs 502 are vertically fixed to the end face of the support plate 501. The cavity formed by the two support legs 502 and the support plate 501 is used to accommodate the driven steering axle 3 or the active steering axle 4. The first support plate 51 is welded and fixed to the driven steering axle 3, and the second support plate 52 is welded and fixed to the active steering axle 4. The support plate 501 is provided with a circular hole, and the limiting shaft 53 is specifically a planetary gear shaft. The two ends of any planetary gear shaft are respectively inserted into the circular hole of the support plate 501 of the first support plate 51 and the circular hole of the support plate 501 of the second support plate 52.

[0052] In addition, to facilitate the detection of the static load value on the driven steering axle 3 or the active steering axle 4, a detection device 6 can be provided. The detection device 6 is located between the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52. The detection device 6 is specifically a pressure sensor used to detect the magnitude of the static load on the driven steering axle 3 or the active steering axle 4. At the same time, a display device electrically connected to the detection device 6 is also included, which is used to display the detection data of the detection device 6.

[0053] For ease of installation, both the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52 are provided with receiving slots 5011 for accommodating the detection device 6.

[0054] In actual operation, the load fluctuations on the steering axle may differ from those under test conditions. By improving the test bench, such as by eliminating sensors and using a pressure-maintaining device, we can ensure that the load spectrum of the two axles is closer to the actual load spectrum under test conditions.

[0055] It should be noted that the pressure application device is specifically a hydraulic drive device. The pressure application device includes a pressure application oil pump located outside the bridge body and a pressure application oil cylinder located between the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52 and connected to the pressure application oil pump through a pipeline. The pressure application oil pump maintains pressure on the pressure application oil cylinder to apply a preset pressure to the driven steering bridge body 3 and the active steering bridge body 4.

[0056] Of course, both the first support plate 51 and the second support plate 52 are provided with positioning grooves 5012 for installing the pressure cylinder. The positioning grooves 5012 include, but are not limited to, any shape that is conducive to accommodating and positioning the pressure cylinder assembly, such as round or rectangular.

[0057] In addition, external disturbances (such as splashing mud and water) were applied to the steering knuckle 8 during the test to more realistically simulate actual working conditions.

[0058] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0059] The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench provided by this invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the solution and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A forklift steering axle bearing life test bench, characterized in that, It includes a driven steering axle (3), an active steering axle (4), and a support plate assembly (5) disposed between the driven steering axle (3) and the active steering axle (4); both the driven steering axle (3) and the active steering axle (4) are provided with a bearing to be tested, a steering knuckle (8), and a steering drive assembly for providing steering driving force to the steering knuckle (8); the steering knuckle (8) of the driven steering axle (3) and the steering knuckle (8) of the active steering axle (4) on the same side are fixed and locked by a detachable connection assembly (7); The support plate assembly (5) includes a first support plate (51) fixed to the bottom of the driven steering axle (3), a second support plate (52) fixed to the top of the active steering axle (4), and a limiting shaft (53) that cooperates with the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52) to limit the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52); It also includes a detection device (6) disposed between the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52) for detecting the magnitude of the static load on the driven steering axle (3) or the active steering axle (4), and a display device electrically connected to the detection device (6) for displaying the detection data of the detection device (6).

2. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable connection assembly (7) includes: A first clamp (71) is provided on one side of the driven steering axle (3) and fixedly connected to the steering knuckle (8) on the driven steering axle (3); A second clamp (72) is provided on the same side of the active steering axle (4) and fixedly connected to the steering knuckle (8) on the active steering axle (4); Two long bolts (73) for securing the first clamp (71) and the opposite second clamp (72).

3. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first clamp (71) and the second clamp (72) include a through hole (701) extending along the thickness direction for the steering knuckle (8) to pass through, and the steering knuckle (8) is locked to the first clamp (71) or the second clamp (72) by a locking assembly (9).

4. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steering drive assembly includes a steering cylinder (10) and an oil pump connected to the steering cylinder (10) via a hydraulic pipeline. The steering cylinder (10) is connected to the steering knuckle (8) via a connecting rod assembly (11).

5. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The oil pump is connected to a microcontroller, which controls the oil pump to reciprocate and cyclically apply force to the steering cylinder (10) to simulate the reciprocating steering condition of the driven steering axle (3) or the active steering axle (4).

6. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52) are provided with a receiving groove (5011) for accommodating the detection device (6).

7. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure-applying device disposed between the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52) for applying pressure to the driven steering axle (3) and the active steering axle (4).

8. The forklift steering axle bearing life test bench as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure-applying device is specifically a hydraulic drive device, which includes a pressure-applying oil pump and a pressure-applying oil cylinder located between the first support plate (51) and the second support plate (52) and connected to the pressure-applying oil pump via a pipeline.

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