Laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, cutting device and method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to cutting device technology, and provides a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, a cutting device and method, and applications. The laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle is provided with an arc channel in the middle, and an annular gas collecting chamber is provided around the arc channel in the nozzle. The annular gas collecting chamber is connected to the arc channel through an annular air duct, the inner side of the air duct is connected to the arc channel, and the outer side of the air duct is connected to the annular gas collecting chamber. The nozzle is provided with an auxiliary gas inlet duct, and the auxiliary gas inlet duct is connected to the outer edge of the annular gas collecting chamber for tangential intake of auxiliary gas. The laser-plasma composite cutting device includes a nozzle. The laser-plasma composite cutting method uses a nozzle for cutting. The nozzle provided in the present application can improve the cutting quality, reduce the risk of shortening the electrode life due to the use of active gas, and can increase the cutting speed of metal plate materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cutting devices, and in particular to a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, a cutting device, a cutting method and applications. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of industrialization, China's in-depth research in fields such as equipment, marine, rail transit, new energy, metallurgy, and aerospace, coupled with improved process capabilities in machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, energy, and other industries, has further increased the requirements for advanced manufacturing processes for large welded structures. These advanced manufacturing technologies have further increased the demands on welding and cutting technologies. In shipbuilding, efficient and high-quality cutting and welding of 5-30mm thick steel and alloys are a primary construction requirement. Currently, laser cutting and welding of plates in this thickness range are prohibitively expensive, while plasma cutting largely fails to meet the quality requirements that require subsequent machining. Cutting methods using a combined laser and plasma heat source can address the cost-quality trade-off. The prior art "Method and Apparatus for Laser-Assisted Plasma Cutting or Plasma Welding" proposes a laser-plasma composite cutting method that forms an annular laser beam outside a tungsten electrode or introduces two laser beams outside the tungsten electrode. However, this invention suffers from the outward diffusion of the annular laser beam, reducing the laser energy density. Furthermore, the laser channel reserved in the electrode reduces plasma compressibility, failing to fully utilize the advantages of both approaches. The invention patent "Method and device for processing workpieces using laser equipment and arc equipment" uses a ring electrode and a composite mode of intermediate laser. The disadvantage of this method is that it is easy to cause overheating on the parallel end face of the cathode. In addition, the active gas required for the cutting process is usually mixed with the plasma generating gas, which not only affects the generation of plasma, but also exposes the electrode to the active gas for a long time, greatly shortening its life.

[0003] Therefore, the prior art lacks a device for effectively improving the quality of laser-plasma composite cutting.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The objects of the present invention include, for example, providing a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, a cutting device, a method and an application thereof, which are intended to improve at least one problem mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, an arc channel is provided in the middle of the nozzle, an annular gas collecting chamber is provided around the arc channel in the nozzle, the annular gas collecting chamber is connected to the arc channel through an annular air duct, the inner side of the air duct is connected to the arc channel, and the outer side of the air duct is connected to the annular gas collecting chamber, the nozzle is provided with an auxiliary gas inlet duct, the auxiliary gas inlet duct is connected to the outer edge of the annular gas collecting chamber for tangential intake of auxiliary gas.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the number of the auxiliary gas inlet ducts is 2, and the two auxiliary gas inlet ducts are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the air duct and the auxiliary gas inlet duct are staggered.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the arc channel includes an inlet section and an outlet section that are interconnected and both cylindrical, the diameter of the inlet section is smaller than the diameter of the outlet section, and the junction of the inlet section and the outlet section is connected to the air duct.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the cross section of the air duct parallel to the arc channel direction is in the shape of an "eight", the inner side of the air duct ring is connected to the inlet section and the outlet section, and the small end of the "eight" shape faces the outlet section.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the diameter of the introduction section is 1-5 mm, and the diameter of the outlet section is 2-7 mm.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the distance from the outer side of the airway to the inner side thereof is 1.4-1.6 times the diameter of the introduction section, and the width of the airway is 0.3-2 times the diameter of the introduction section;

[0014] Preferably, the distance from the outer side to the inner side of the airway is 1.5-7.5 mm, and the width is 0.3-10 mm.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a laser-plasma composite cutting device, comprising a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments;

[0016] Preferably, the cutting device further comprises a rod-shaped cathode, which is arranged on a gas inlet side of the arc channel and faces the arc channel.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a laser-plasma composite cutting method, which uses the laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle of the aforementioned embodiment for cutting.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, an ion generator gas is passed through the arc channel, and the flow rate of the ion generator gas is 30-300 L / min and the pressure is 0.2-2.0 MPa; preferably, the ion generator gas is helium or argon;

[0019] Preferably, the flow rate and pressure of the auxiliary gas introduced into the auxiliary gas inlet are respectively less than the flow rate and pressure of the ion generator gas; preferably, the auxiliary gas includes at least one of oxygen and air, more preferably, the auxiliary gas includes an active gas, and the active gas includes at least one of methane, propane, propylene and acetylene; further preferably, the auxiliary gas also includes water vapor and nitrogen;

[0020] Preferably, during cutting, the arc and the laser beam move relatively independently in the Z axis, and the laser focus position is dynamically adjusted in the range of 0-90% from the workpiece surface according to the thickness of the workpiece during the cutting process.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, one or four rod-shaped cathodes are used during cutting. When a DC power supply is used, one rod-shaped cathode is used; when a three-phase AC power supply is used, four rod-shaped cathodes are used, three of which correspond to the three phases and one is used to stabilize the DC power supply.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides applications of the nozzle, device, and method described above in cutting large components in the automotive, shipbuilding, or rail transportation fields.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include, for example:

[0024] The specific configuration of the auxiliary gas inlet, annular gas collecting chamber, and venting channel reduces the impact of the active gas on the electrode, increases the pressure and uniformity of the auxiliary gas distribution, and thus can be used to improve cutting quality. Results show that the cutting quality is close to that of laser cutting, while also reducing the risk of shortened electrode life due to the use of active gases. Compared with conventional devices, the nozzle provided in this application can achieve functional stability of the electrode when cutting under the conditions of active gases (oxygen, air, etc.) and can increase the cutting speed of metal sheet materials by about half. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A front view of a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at the middle BB;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at CC;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at DD in the middle;

[0032] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cutting method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 The effect diagram after cutting using the cutting method provided for the control group and the experimental group.

[0035] Icon: 100-laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle; 110-arc channel; 111-inlet section; 112-outlet section; 120-annular gas collecting chamber; 130-auxiliary gas inlet duct; 140-air duct; 20-rod electrode; 9-auxiliary gas; 10-power supply and cooling water integrated device; 11-workpiece; 12-laser beam; 13-ion generating gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish and describe, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle 100, an arc channel 110 is provided in the middle of the nozzle, an annular gas collecting chamber 120 is provided around the arc channel 110 in the nozzle, the annular gas collecting chamber 120 is connected with the arc channel 110 through an annular air duct 140, the inner side of the air duct 140 is connected with the arc channel 110, and the outer side of the air duct 140 is connected with the annular gas collecting chamber 120, the nozzle is provided with an auxiliary gas inlet duct 130, and the auxiliary gas inlet duct 130 is connected with the outer edge of the annular gas collecting chamber 120 for tangential intake of the auxiliary gas 9.

[0043] The cutting nozzle provided in the present application is provided with a special auxiliary gas channel, namely: an auxiliary gas inlet channel 130, an annular gas collecting chamber 120 and an air duct 140. When in use, the auxiliary gas 9 enters the arc channel 110 from the auxiliary gas channel, and the ion generator gas 13 enters the arc channel 110 from the upper part of the nozzle. The auxiliary gas 9 and the ion generator gas 13 are separated before entering the arc channel 110, thereby reducing the influence of the active gas in the auxiliary gas 9 on the electrode; since the annular gas collecting chamber 120 is provided on the nozzle and is set to a tangential air inlet mode, the auxiliary gas 9 can move in a vortex manner and enter the arc channel 110 through the air duct 140, thereby increasing the gas pressure and improving the uniformity of the auxiliary gas 9 entering the arc channel 110; since the nozzle provided in the present application has the above characteristics, the nozzle can be used to improve the cutting quality. The results show that the cutting quality is close to that of laser cutting, while also reducing the risk of shortening the electrode life due to the use of active gas. Compared with conventional devices, the nozzle provided in the present application can achieve electrode functional stability by cutting under the conditions of active gas (oxygen, air, etc.), and can increase the cutting speed of metal sheet materials by about half.

[0044] Preferably, the number of the auxiliary gas inlet passages 130 is two, and the two auxiliary gas inlet passages 130 are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0045] Preferably, the air duct 140 is staggered with the auxiliary gas inlet duct 130. That is, during cutting, the air duct 140 is higher or lower than the auxiliary gas inlet duct 130. This arrangement ensures that the auxiliary gas 9 enters the gas collection chamber from the air duct 140 and undergoes sufficient rotational motion before entering the arc channel 110.

[0046] Two auxiliary gas inlet passages 130 are provided, with gas being taken in from both ends, thereby improving the intake efficiency and also improving the uniformity of gas distribution.

[0047] Furthermore, the arc channel 110 includes an interconnected and cylindrical inlet section 111 and outlet section 112 . The diameter of the inlet section 111 is smaller than that of the outlet section 112 . The junction between the inlet section 111 and the outlet section 112 is connected to the air duct 140 .

[0048] The specific setting of different diameters of the inlet section 111 and the outlet section 112 can regulate the degree of compression of the plasma arc, and the setting of the tube diameter of the inlet section 111 being smaller than the tube diameter of the outlet section 112 is conducive to the nozzle annular gas collecting chamber 120 outputting auxiliary gas 9 to the arc.

[0049] Preferably, to ensure better cutting effect, the diameter of the introduction section 111 is 1-5 mm (eg, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or 5 mm), and the diameter b of the outlet section 112 is 2-7 mm (eg, 2 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 7 mm).

[0050] Preferably, in order to further improve the cutting effect, the air duct 140 between the annular gas collecting chamber 120 and the arc channel 110 requires a certain length for compressing the gas. Therefore, the distance (length) c from the outside to the inside of the air duct 140 is 1.4-1.6 (for example, 1.5 times) times the diameter a of the inlet section 111, and the width d of the air duct 140 is 0.3-2 times (for example, 0.3 times, 0.5 times, 1 times and 2 times) the diameter of the inlet section 111.

[0051] Further preferably, the distance from the outside to the inside of the air channel 140 is 1.5-7.5 mm (eg, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, or 7.5 mm), and the width is 0.3-10 mm (eg, 0.3 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, or 10 mm).

[0052] In this embodiment, the air duct 140 is a planar ring. It should be noted that in other more preferred embodiments of the present application, the air duct 140 is a three-dimensional ring. Specifically, the cross-section of the air duct 140 parallel to the arc channel 110 is in the shape of an "eight", that is, the inner side of the ring corresponds to the top of the "eight", and the outer side corresponds to the bottom of the "eight". The inner side of the ring of the air duct 140 is connected to the inlet section 111 and the outlet section 112, and the small end of the "eight" faces the outlet section 112. This arrangement allows the auxiliary gas 9 to be ejected downward, further reducing the impact of the active gas in the auxiliary gas 9 on the cathode.

[0053] The embodiment of the present application also provides a laser-plasma composite cutting device, including a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle 100 .

[0054] Preferably, the cutting device further comprises a rod-shaped electrode 20 , which is disposed on a gas inlet side of the arc channel 110 and faces the arc channel 110 .

[0055] Preferably, the cutting device may further include a power supply and a cooling water output device.

[0056] The embodiment of the present application also provides a laser-plasma composite cutting method, which uses a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle 100 for cutting.

[0057] Specifically:

[0058] The first stage: a rod-shaped electrode 20 is set near the inlet of the laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle 100. Before the arc is started, the ion generating gas 13 is input downward to the arc channel 110, and the auxiliary gas 9 is introduced into the nozzle with an annular gas collecting chamber 120 through two auxiliary gas inlet channels 130. The auxiliary gas 9 moves in a tangential vortex manner through the auxiliary gas 9 inlet channel and enters the arc channel 110 through the air duct 140.

[0059] In the second stage, cooling water and DC power are provided by the integrated power supply and cooling water device 10. A high voltage is applied between a rod-shaped electrode 20 and the laser-plasma hybrid cutting nozzle 100 to induce a pilot arc, which facilitates the induction of the main arc discharge between the rod-shaped electrode 20, which serves as the cathode, and the processed workpiece 11, which serves as the anode. A voltage is applied between the rod-shaped electrode 20 and the anode workpiece 11 to be processed, ionizing the ion generator gas 13 to generate an arc. At this point, the laser beam 12 passes through the nozzle and forms a composite heat source with the arc, acting on the workpiece 11.

[0060] During the cutting process, the ion generating gas 13 and the auxiliary gas 9 are continuously ventilated.

[0061] It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present application, three-phase alternating current is used during cutting, and four rod-shaped cathodes are used, three of which correspond to the three phases, and the other is used to stabilize the DC power supply.

[0062] Preferably, the ion generating gas 13 is usually helium or argon. Of course, other ion generating gases 13 can also be used.

[0063] Preferably, the auxiliary gas 9 includes at least one of oxygen and air. More preferably, the auxiliary gas includes an active gas, and the active gas includes at least one of methane, propane, propylene and acetylene. Further preferably, the auxiliary gas also includes water vapor and nitrogen.

[0064] In addition, the auxiliary gas generally includes auxiliary gas 9, and its functions include assisting combustion and serving as a protective gas.

[0065] Furthermore, the flow rate of the ion generating gas 13 is 30-300 L / min, and the pressure is 0.2-2.0 MPa.

[0066] Further preferably, the flow rate and pressure of the auxiliary gas 9 introduced into the auxiliary gas inlet 130 are respectively smaller than the flow rate and pressure of the ion generating gas 13 .

[0067] Preferably, during cutting, the arc and the laser beam 12 move relatively independently in the Z axis, and the laser focus position is dynamically adjusted in the range of 0-90% from the surface of the workpiece 11 according to the thickness of the workpiece 11 during the cutting process.

[0068] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] The laser-plasma composite cutting device provided in this embodiment is specifically:

[0071] The nozzle inlet section 111 has a diameter of a = 3mm, the outlet section 112 has a diameter of b = 3.5mm, the air channel 140 has a width of d = 1mm and a length of c = 4.5mm, the ion generating gas 13 is argon, 150-160L / min, the functional gas is oxygen, 0.4-0.5Mpa, a 4.0kW laser beam 12 and a 200A plasma current pass through the above nozzle to cut 20mm Q235 steel, the laser focus is -5mm, and the cutting speed is 60m / h.

[0072] A comparative cutting test was conducted using a nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 3 mm and a length of 6 mm. The ion generating gas 13 was argon, 150-160 L / min, the functional gas was oxygen, 0.4-0.5 MPa, a 4.0 kW laser beam 12 and a 200 A plasma current were used to cut 20 mm Q235 steel through the above nozzle, the laser focus was -5 mm, and the cutting speed was 30-35 m / h.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The nozzle inlet section 111 has a diameter of a=3mm, the outlet section 112 has a diameter of b=3.5mm, the air channel 140 has a width of d=1mm and a length of c=4.5mm, the ion generating gas 13 is argon, 150-160L / min, the functional gas is oxygen, 0.4-0.5MPa, a 2.0kW laser beam 12 and a 100A plasma current are used to cut 10mm SUS304 steel through the above nozzle, the laser focus is -3mm, and the cutting speed is 30m / h.

[0075] A comparative cutting test was conducted using a nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 3 mm and a length of 6 mm. The ion generating gas 13 was argon at 150-160 L / min, the functional gas was oxygen at 0.4-0.5 MPa, a 2.0 kW laser beam 12 and a 100 A plasma current were used to cut 10 mm SUS304 steel through the above nozzle, the laser focus was -3 mm, and the cutting speed was 55 m / h.

[0076] Experimental example

[0077] In order to compare the service life of the rod-shaped electrode 20 during cutting under active gas, the following experiment was conducted.

[0078] Control group: Oxygen was added to a conventional laser-plasma hybrid cutting system. Ion generator gas 13 used a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a flow rate ratio of Ar:O2 = 160 L / min:140 L / min. 20 mm Q235 steel was cut at a cutting speed of 60 m / h. The electrode life was approximately 0.5 minutes.

[0079] Experimental Group: Using the apparatus provided by this application, plasma-forming gas (argon) at a flow rate of 160 L / min was delivered to the nozzle from above arc channel 110 to generate an arc. Oxygen at a flow rate of 140 L / min was delivered to the nozzle from auxiliary gas inlet 130 for composite cutting. 20 mm Q235 steel was cut at a cutting speed of 60 m / h. After 60 minutes of operation, no significant changes in the electrode geometry were detected.

[0080] Cutting effect comparison chart Figure 9 shown.

[0081] In summary, the laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle provided by this application reduces the impact of active gases on the electrode and increases the pressure and distribution uniformity of the auxiliary gas due to the specific arrangement of the auxiliary gas inlet duct, annular gas collecting chamber, and vent duct. Therefore, the nozzle can be used to improve cutting quality. The results show that the cutting quality is close to that of laser cutting, while also reducing the risk of shortened electrode life due to the use of active gases. Compared with conventional devices, the nozzle provided by this application can achieve electrode functional stability when cutting under the conditions of active gases (oxygen, air, etc.), and can increase the cutting speed of metal sheet materials by about half.

[0082] The laser-plasma composite cutting device and method provided in the present application also have the above advantages. The device and method are very suitable for cutting large components in the fields of automobiles, ships or rail transportation.

[0083] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, characterized in that: An arc channel is provided in the middle of the nozzle, an annular gas collecting chamber is provided in the nozzle around the arc channel, the annular gas collecting chamber is communicated with the arc channel through an annular air passage, the inner side of the air passage is communicated with the arc channel, and the outer side of the air passage is communicated with the annular gas collecting chamber, the nozzle is provided with an auxiliary gas inlet channel, the auxiliary gas inlet channel is communicated with the outer edge of the annular gas collecting chamber for tangential intake of auxiliary gas; The arc channel comprises an inlet section and an outlet section which are interconnected and both are cylindrical, the diameter of the inlet section is smaller than the diameter of the outlet section, and the junction of the inlet section and the outlet section is connected to the air duct; The diameter of the lead-in section is 1-5 mm, and the diameter of the lead-out section is 2-7 mm; The distance from the outer side to the inner side of the air duct is 1.4-1.6 times the diameter of the introduction section, and the width of the air duct is 0.3-2 times the diameter of the introduction section; The distance from the outer side to the inner side of the airway is 1.5-7.5 mm, and the width is 0.3-10 mm.

2. The laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the auxiliary air inlet ducts is 2, and the two auxiliary air inlet ducts are centrally symmetrically arranged.

3. The laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air duct and the auxiliary air inlet duct are staggered.

4. The laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air duct has an "eight" shape in a cross section parallel to the arc channel direction, the inner side of the ring of the air duct is connected with the inlet section and the outlet section, and the small end of the "eight" shape faces the outlet section.

5. A laser-plasma composite cutting device, characterized in that: It comprises the laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The laser-plasma composite cutting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutting device further comprises a rod-shaped cathode, which is arranged on a gas inlet side of the arc channel and faces the arc channel.

7. A laser-plasma composite cutting method, characterized in that: Cutting is performed using the laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. The cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Ion generating gas flows through the arc channel, the flow rate of the ion generating gas is 30-300 L / min, and the pressure is 0.2-2.0 MPa; the ion generating gas is helium or argon.

9. The cutting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flow rate and pressure of the auxiliary gas introduced into the auxiliary gas inlet channel are respectively smaller than the flow rate and pressure of the ion generating gas; the auxiliary gas includes at least one of oxygen and air.

10. The cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary gas includes an active gas, and the active gas includes at least one of methane, propane, propylene and acetylene.

11. The cutting method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The auxiliary gas also includes water vapor and nitrogen.

12. The cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During cutting, the arc and laser beam move independently in the Z axis. The laser focus position is dynamically adjusted within the range of 0-90% from the workpiece surface according to the workpiece thickness.

13. The cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of rod cathodes used in cutting is 1 or 4. When using a DC power supply, the number of rod cathodes is 1. When three-phase alternating current is used, there are four rod-shaped cathodes, three of which correspond to the three phases, and the other one is used to stabilize the direct current power supply.

14. Use of the nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the device according to claim 5 or 6, and the method according to any one of claims 7 to 13 in cutting large components in the fields of automobiles, ships, or rail transportation.

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