The invention discloses a method for quantitatively detecting multiple heavy metals in leather at the same time based on an LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) technology. The method adopts an LIBS detecting system which is formed by a Q-switched pulse Nd:YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser, an echelle grating spectrometer, an ICCD (Intensified Charge-Coupled Device) detector, a rotating platform and the like. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, regulating laser energy by an energy attenuation system consisting of a half-wave plate and a laser Glan prism, gathering the laser energy on the surface of a sample which is fixed to the rotating platform through a focusing lens, and ablating, gasifying and ionizing substances on the surface of the detected sample, thus forming laser plasma; secondly, obtaining a spectral signal of the laser plasma through a spectrum collection system, analyzing and converting element types corresponding to a spectral line, and obtaining content information of characteristic elements through conversion; thirdly, obtaining concentrations of heavy metal elements by combining a CF (Calibration-free)-LIBS method according to the obtained information of the elements.