A method for constructing a steel arch frame

Abstract

The present invention discloses a positioning tool for tunnel arch foot connecting plates and a method for constructing steel arch frames, which includes more than two box bodies. Each box body includes a positioning plate and a cover body. A cavity for accommodating the connecting plate is formed in the positioning plate. Limit holes corresponding to the connecting holes on the connecting plate are provided at the bottom of the positioning plate. A break groove is provided in the middle of the cover body. The cover body covers the positioning plate and blocks the connecting holes on the connecting plate. A limiting member is connected between adjacent two positioning plates. When constructing using this tool, first fixedly install the positioning plates at the pre-installed positions of the corresponding steel arch frames on both sides respectively, then fixedly install the connecting plates on the positioning plates, install the limiting members between adjacent two positioning plates and adjust them. The steel arch frames with a preset size are spliced between the steel arch frames at the corresponding arch feet on both sides. After fixing the steel arch frames, install the cover body on the positioning plates, carry out shotcrete, and remove the cover body, positioning plates and limiting members after the concrete solidifies. The present invention can effectively prevent the blockage of the connecting holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a steel arch. Background Technique

[0002] In tunnel engineering construction, the bench method is generally used for tunnel construction. Among them, the primary support is the main load-bearing structure for tunnel stability, which is a flexible structure closely attached to the surrounding rock and the main support means for controlling the deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rock. The secondary lining is constructed when the deformation of the surrounding rock and the primary support is basically stable, and the primary support is the foundation of the secondary lining.

[0003] After the initial excavation of the tunnel is basically completed, in order to prevent the surrounding rock from deforming and the tunnel from collapsing, it is necessary to take timely measures for primary support. In the support system, it is necessary to bend the steel frame, combine it with the tunnel excavation method, and strictly follow the method of dividing the sections according to the curvature of the tunnel section for bending. Then, assemble each section of the steel frame, requiring accurate measurement of dimensions and closing the steel frame in a full circle. At present, the most common and important support method for tunnels is the combined support system composed of bolts, steel arches, steel mesh sheets, and shotcrete. The installation and connection quality of the I-beam in the construction of the arch frame are directly related to the construction quality of the primary support and play a crucial role in the primary support. However, during on-site construction, there are often problems such as inaccurate installation positions, unequal spacing, inclination of the steel arch frame, or blockage of the connecting plate bolt holes due to the shotcrete covering the connecting plate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a positioning tool for the connecting plate at the arch foot of the tunnel.

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a steel arch frame using this tool.

[0006] In order to achieve the above first object, the positioning tool for the connecting plate at the arch foot of the tunnel provided by the present invention includes two or more box bodies. Each box body includes a positioning plate and a cover body. A cavity for accommodating the connecting plate of the steel arch frame is formed in the positioning plate. Limiting holes corresponding to the connecting holes on the connecting plate are provided at the bottom of the positioning plate. A fracture groove for accommodating the steel arch frame is provided in the middle of the cover body. The cover body covers the positioning plate, and the cover body blocks the connecting holes on the connecting plate. A limiting member is connected between adjacent two positioning plates.

[0007] As can be seen from the above, during the construction of the initial support of the tunnel, first fix the positioning plate of this tooling at the corresponding positions of the pre-installed steel arch frames on both sides, and then fix and install the connecting plates of the steel arch frames in the cavities on the positioning plate. Install limiters between adjacent positioning plates to adjust the spacing and perpendicularity between adjacent steel arch frames, so as to ensure the accurate positioning and equal spacing of the steel arch frames during installation and prevent the steel arch frames from tilting during installation. Before spraying concrete, cover the positioning plate with the cover body. The cover body can effectively block the connection holes and protect the positioning holes of the connecting plates from being blocked by concrete during the spraying of concrete.

[0008] A further solution is that the limiter includes more than two limiting rods, and both ends of each limiting rod are respectively connected to adjacent positioning plates.

[0009] A further solution is that the limiting rod and the positioning plate are detachably connected.

[0010] As can be seen from the above, more than two limiting rods can accurately ensure that the distance between adjacent positioning plates meets the requirements and prevent deviation. At the same time, the detachable connection between the limiting rod and the positioning plate facilitates the replacement of limiting rods of different sizes to meet the requirements of different spacings between adjacent steel arch frames in different terrains.

[0011] A further solution is that the box body is made of polypropylene material.

[0012] As can be seen from the above, the polypropylene material can effectively prevent the adhesion of concrete on the tooling, preventing the adhesion of concrete on the tooling from making it difficult to remove the tooling in the later stage and unable to be reused.

[0013] A further solution is that a first positioning member is provided on the positioning plate, and a second positioning member is correspondingly provided on the cover body. The cooperation between the first positioning member and the second positioning member enables the cover body to be covered on the positioning plate.

[0014] A preferred solution is that the first positioning member is a positioning pin and the second positioning member is a positioning hole.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, through the cooperation between the first and second positioning members, the cover body is positioned and covered on the positioning plate, which is convenient for operation and plays a certain anti-fooling role at the same time.

[0016] A further solution is that the surface of the cover body is inclined relative to the lower surface of the positioning plate. Along the horizontal direction from the side of the positioning plate surface away from the tunnel surrounding rock to the side close to the tunnel surrounding rock, the distance between the surface of the cover body and the lower surface of the positioning plate gradually decreases.

[0017] A preferred solution is that a handle is provided on the side of the cover body away from the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0018] As can be seen from the above, a certain slope is formed on the surface of the cover body relative to the lower surface of the positioning plate, which can play a role in guiding the concrete that falls on the surface of the cover body during the shotcrete process, preventing the concrete from staying on the surface of the cover body for too long and causing the concrete to coagulate on the surface of the cover body. At the same time, a handle is provided on the side of the cover body away from the tunnel surrounding rock, which is convenient for construction workers to carry out the demolition work.

[0019] In order to achieve the above second object, the present invention provides a method for constructing a steel arch using the above-mentioned tunnel arch foot connecting plate positioning tooling, and the method includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: When constructing the steel arch, first fixedly install the positioning plates at the pre-installed positions of the steel arches at the corresponding arch feet on both sides respectively, fixedly install the connecting plates on the positioning plates, then install the limiting members between the two positioning plates and adjust the spacing and perpendicularity between adjacent steel arches, and splice the steel arches with a preset size between the corresponding arch feet on both sides;

[0021] Step 2: Fix the steel arch, install the cover body on the positioning plate, and then carry out the shotcrete construction;

[0022] Step 3: After the concrete solidifies, remove the cover body, and remove the positioning plate and the limiting member before the next construction.

[0023] A preferred solution is that when the size of the connecting plate is smaller than the size of the cavity of the positioning plate, a limiting die is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate, and step 1 further includes: fixedly installing the side of the connecting plate of the steel arch with the limiting die on the positioning plate, the size of the limiting die corresponds to the size of the cavity of the positioning plate, and the height of the limiting die is smaller than the minimum height of the cover body.

[0024] As can be seen from the above, the method for constructing a steel arch using the above-mentioned tunnel arch foot connecting plate positioning tooling can accurately position the position of the steel arch, and at the same time, it is convenient to ensure that the spacing between adjacent steel arches is consistent, and the operation is simple. When the size of the connecting plate is smaller than the size of the cavity of the positioning plate, a limiting die can be fixedly installed on the side of the connecting plate close to the positioning plate to meet the installation requirements of connecting plates of different sizes.

[0025] In summary, the above-mentioned tunnel arch foot connecting plate positioning tooling is not only simple in structure and operation, but also can effectively prevent the connection holes on the connecting plate from being blocked. At the same time, when constructing the steel arch, the positioning is accurate, the spacing is consistent, and it is convenient for construction workers to carry out the demolition after the construction is completed, which is convenient for the construction of the mutual connection of the steel arches. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is the front view of the tunnel arch foot connecting plate positioning tooling of the present invention installed with a steel arch.

[0027] Figure 2The left view of the positioning tooling for the tunnel arch springing connecting plate of the present invention with a steel arch installed.

[0028] Figure 3 The top view of the positioning tooling for the tunnel arch springing connecting plate of the present invention with a steel arch installed.

[0029] Figure 4 The left view of the positioning tooling for the tunnel arch springing connecting plate of the present invention with the steel arch omitted.

[0030] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the enlarged cross-sectional view at A in Detailed implementation manner

[0031] Refer to Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, the positioning tooling for the tunnel arch springing connecting plate includes two box bodies 1. Each box body 1 includes a positioning plate 3 and a cover body 2. A cavity 7 for accommodating the connecting plate 5 is formed in the positioning plate 3. A break groove 6 for accommodating the steel arch 9 is provided in the middle of the cover body 2. The cover body 2 covers the positioning plate 3 and blocks the connecting holes 13 on the connecting plate 5. A limiting member 4 is connected between adjacent two positioning plates 3. In order to firmly fix the connecting plate 5 on the positioning plate 3, a limiting hole 14 is provided at the bottom of the positioning plate 3. A bolt 15 and two nuts 16 respectively fix the positioning plate 3 and the connecting plate 5 through the connecting holes 13 of the connecting plate 5 and the limiting holes 14 on the positioning plate 3. Optionally, the connecting plate 5 and the positioning plate 3 can be fixed by existing fixing methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, this tooling can be provided with two or more box bodies 1 according to construction requirements, and a limiting member 4 is connected between adjacent two box bodies 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the limiting member 4 is composed of two limiting rods, and both ends of each limiting rod are detachably connected to the positioning plate 3. Optionally, corresponding first positioning holes (not shown in the figure) are respectively provided on adjacent two positioning plates 3, and both ends of the limiting rod 4 are respectively inserted into the corresponding first positioning holes on adjacent two positioning plates 3. Optionally, the limiting rods can be made into corresponding sizes in advance according to construction requirements and welded between adjacent two positioning plates 3.

[0033] In this embodiment, the box body 1 is made of polypropylene material. A first positioning member 12 is provided on the positioning plate 3, and a second positioning member 11 is correspondingly provided on the cover body 2. In this embodiment, the first positioning member 12 is a positioning pin, and the second positioning member 11 is a second positioning hole. The cooperation between the positioning pin and the positioning hole enables the cover body 2 to cover the positioning plate 3. Optionally, the cover body 2 and the positioning plate 3 can adopt known positioning methods to enable the cover body 2 to be positioned and covered on the positioning plate 3, which will not be elaborated here.

[0034] In this embodiment, the surface of the cover body 2 is inclined relative to the lower surface of the positioning plate 3. Along the horizontal direction from the side of the lower surface of the positioning plate 3 far from the tunnel surrounding rock 8 to the side close to the tunnel surrounding rock 8, the distance between the surface of the cover body 2 and the lower surface of the positioning plate 3 gradually decreases. A handle 10 is provided on the side of the cover body 2 far from the tunnel surrounding rock 8. Optionally, along the horizontal direction from the side of the lower surface of the positioning plate 3 far from the tunnel surrounding rock 8 to the side close to the tunnel surrounding rock 8, for every 100 meters of the horizontal distance, the vertical distance from the highest point to the lowest point of the surface of the cover body 2 along the vertical direction from the cover body 2 to the positioning plate 3 is 8 meters.

[0035] As can be seen from the above, during the construction of the initial support of the tunnel, first, a plurality of positioning plates 3 of this positioning tooling are fixedly installed at the positions of the pre-installed steel arch frames 9, then the connecting plates 5 of the steel arch frames 9 are fixedly installed in the cavities 7 on the positioning plates 3, and two limiting rods 4 are installed between two adjacent positioning plates 3 to adjust the spacing and perpendicularity between two adjacent steel arch frames 9. The two limiting rods 4 can accurately ensure that the distance between two adjacent positioning plates 3 meets the requirements and prevent deviation. At the same time, the limiting rods 4 and the positioning plates 3 are detachably connected, which is convenient to replace the limiting rods 4 of different sizes to meet the requirements of changing the spacing between two adjacent steel arch frames 9 for different terrains, so as to achieve the purpose of ensuring the accurate positioning and equal spacing of the steel arch frames 9 during the installation process and preventing the steel arch frames 9 from tilting during the installation process. The cover body 2 covers the positioning plate 3 and blocks the connecting holes 13. During the construction of shotcrete, the cover body 2 can effectively protect the connecting holes 13 on the connecting plates 5 from being blocked by concrete. The box body 1 is made of polypropylene material, and the surface of the cover body 2 forms a certain slope relative to the lower surface of the positioning plate 3, playing a certain guiding role, so that during the process of shotcrete, it can effectively prevent the adhesion of concrete on the box body 1. The first positioning member 12 on the positioning plate 3 and the corresponding second positioning member 11 on the cover body 2 enable the cover body 2 to cover the positioning plate 3, which is convenient for operation and plays a certain anti-fooling role at the same time. At the same time, a handle 10 is provided on the side of the cover body 2 far from the tunnel surrounding rock 8, which is convenient for construction workers to install and remove.

[0036] The present invention also provides a method for constructing a steel arch frame using the positioning tooling of the above embodiment, and the steps are as follows:

[0037] Step 1: When constructing the steel arch frame 9, first, the positioning plates 3 are respectively fixedly installed at the pre-installed positions of the steel arch frames 9 at the corresponding arch feet on both sides. The connecting plates 5 and the positioning plates 3 are fixed using bolts 15 and nuts 16 through the limiting holes 14 and the connecting holes 13. Then, the limiting members 4 are installed between two adjacent positioning plates 3 and the spacing and perpendicularity between two adjacent steel arch frames 9 at the arch feet are adjusted to meet the construction requirements. The steel arch frames 9 at the corresponding arch feet on both sides are spliced using the steel arch frames 9 of the preset size.

[0038] Step 2: Fix the steel arch frame 9, including steps such as installation support and welding fixation using arch foot bolts and radial steel bars. These are prior arts and will not be elaborated here. Then, carry out shotcrete construction. The specific operations and requirements are prior arts and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] Step 3: After the concrete solidifies, remove the cover 2, and remove the positioning plate 3 and the limiting member 4 before the next construction step.

[0040] See Figure 2 , when the size of the connecting plate 5 is smaller than the size of the inner cavity 7 of the positioning plate 3, a limiting die 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 5. Step 1 further includes fixedly installing the side of the connecting plate 5 with the limiting die 11 on the positioning plate 3. The size of the limiting die 11 corresponds to the size of the inner cavity 7 of the positioning plate 3, and the height of the limiting die 11 is smaller than the minimum height of the cover 2.

[0041] In summary, when using the tunnel arch foot connecting plate positioning tooling for the construction of the steel arch frame in the initial support of the tunnel, it can effectively avoid problems existing in the existing construction process, such as inaccurate installation position, unequal spacing, inclination, or blockage of the connection holes caused by the shotcrete covering the connecting plate and inability to pass through. At the same time, this tooling enables the steel arch frame to be accurately positioned and have consistent spacing during the installation process, improves the smoothness of the connecting plate, and can protect the connection holes from being blocked by the shotcrete, reducing secondary cleaning and damage, and greatly improving the work efficiency and construction quality of the tunnel construction.

[0042] It should be noted that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantive modifications made using this concept to the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates, characterized in that, The positioning tool for the tunnel springing connecting plate includes more than two box bodies. Each box body includes a positioning plate and a cover body. A cavity for accommodating the connecting plate of the steel arch is formed in the positioning plate. Limit holes corresponding to the connecting holes on the connecting plate are arranged at the bottom of the positioning plate. A fracture groove for accommodating the steel arch is arranged in the middle of the cover body. The cover body is covered on the positioning plate, and the cover body blocks the connecting holes. A limiting member is connected between adjacent two positioning plates; The method is carried out according to the following steps: Step 1: When constructing the steel arch, fixedly install the positioning plates at the pre-installed positions of the steel arches at the corresponding springing on both sides respectively, then fixedly install the connecting plates on the positioning plates, install the limiting member between adjacent two positioning plates and adjust the spacing and verticality between adjacent bays of the steel arches, and splice the steel arches at the corresponding springings on both sides with the steel arches of a preset size; Step 2: Fix the steel arch, install the cover body on the positioning plate, and then carry out shotcrete construction; Step 3: After the concrete solidifies, remove the cover body, and remove the positioning plate and the limiting member before the next construction.

2. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting member includes more than two limiting rods, and both ends of each limiting rod are respectively connected to adjacent two positioning plates.

3. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting rod is detachably connected with the positioning plate.

4. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: The box body is made of polypropylene material.

5. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first positioning member is arranged on the positioning plate, and a second positioning member is correspondingly arranged on the cover body. The first positioning member and the second positioning member cooperate to make the cover body cover on the positioning plate.

6. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first positioning member is a positioning pin, and the second positioning member is a positioning hole.

7. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The surface of the cover body is inclined relative to the lower surface of the positioning plate. Along the horizontal direction from the side of the lower surface of the positioning plate far away from the tunnel surrounding rock to the side close to the tunnel surrounding rock, the distance between the surface of the cover body and the lower surface of the positioning plate gradually decreases.

8. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A handle is arranged on the side of the cover body far away from the tunnel surrounding rock.

9. The method for constructing a steel arch using a positioning tool for tunnel arch springing connecting plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the size of the connecting plate is smaller than the size of the cavity of the positioning plate, a limiting die is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate. Step 1 further includes: fixedly installing the side of the connecting plate of the steel arch with the limiting die on the positioning plate. The size of the limiting die corresponds to the size of the cavity of the positioning plate, and the height of the limiting die is smaller than the minimum height of the cover body.

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