Camellia oleifera pollinating insect settlement nest and its application

Abstract

The oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest and its application belong to the technical field of plant pollination, and are characterized in that: the settlement nest includes a nest body, and a plurality of nest tubes and a perforated plate for fixing the nest tubes are arranged in the nest body; the nest body includes a cylindrical outer barrel with a bottom plate, and an annular groove is arranged at the upper end of the outer barrel, and a clamping ring for fixing the perforated plate is arranged on the inner wall of the upper part of the outer barrel. The invention has a simple structure and is easy to use, and can achieve the purpose of quickly collecting oil-tea pollinating insects, and greatly improve the fruit setting rate of newly planted oil-tea forests or oil-tea forests with low fruit setting rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant pollination, and in particular relates to the construction of settled nests of oil-tea pollinating insects and the application thereof in improving the fruit setting rate of oil-tea forests. Background Art

[0002] The oil-tea industry is an important industry for increasing farmers' income and improving the ecological environment in mountainous areas. As the leading forestry industry in the mountainous areas of southwestern Zhejiang, it is promoting forest farmers' income and wealth. Oil-tea is a self-incompatible plant. Pollen limitation is one of the important reasons for the low fruiting rate and the "one fruit per thousand flowers" phenomenon. Its fruiting and seeding are highly dependent on pollinating insects.

[0003] Apoidea is the pollinator with the largest number of species and numbers, and usually has a high pollination efficiency. The pollinating insects of the Apoidea are the most important pollinators in nature. Domesticated bees are an important means of pollination. The main domesticated bee species are Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. However, these domesticated bees will cause poisoning symptoms after collecting oil-tea camellia nectar, and the entire population will rapidly weaken or even perish due to the large number of individual poisoning deaths. Oligosaccharides, raffinose, stachyose, galactose and polysaccharides in oil-tea camellia nectar are toxic to bees. Among them, raffinose and stachyose have high contents, and both can be combined into galactose that bees cannot digest, which is the main component causing bee poisoning. At the same time, alkaloids and glycosides in oil-tea camellia nectar are also the main causes of poisoning. Moreover, most of my country's oil-tea camellia producing areas are distributed in southern regions such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the flowering period, the temperature is low, and most domesticated bees do not leave the nest, so the technology of using domesticated bees to pollinate oil-tea camellia has not been effectively solved.

[0004] There are 130 species of oil-tea pollinating insects belonging to 5 orders, 33 families, and the largest number, highest pollination efficiency and best effect of wild bees are the oil-tea ground bees, large-splitting tongue bees, pattern bees, Hunan ground bees and other wild bees of the order Hymenoptera. These bees have formed characteristics that adapt to the oil-tea forest environment and meet the pollination needs of oil-tea in the long process of evolution. Therefore, developing a device to collect wild bee resources in oil-tea forests and applying it to oil-tea forest production areas with low fruit setting rates is an important way to solve the low fruit setting rate of oil-tea. No reports of such devices have been found so far. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical deficiencies existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a camellia oil pollination insect settlement nest device, which is used to efficiently collect camellia oil pollination insect resources, and then apply the collected camellia oil pollination insect resources to camellia oil forest production areas with low fruit setting rates, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the fruit setting rate and increasing camellia oil yield.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The nest for pollinating insects of oil tea is characterized by comprising a nest body, in which a plurality of nest tubes and a perforated plate for fixing the nest tubes are arranged; the nest body comprises a cylindrical outer barrel with a bottom plate, an annular groove is arranged at the upper end of the outer barrel, and a retaining ring for fixing the perforated plate is arranged on the inner wall of the upper part of the outer barrel.

[0008] The oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest is characterized in that the nest tube includes a cylindrical tube body, the upper end of the tube body is provided with a nest tube eave protruding outward, the tube body is composed of a bottom plate and side walls, and the lower middle part of the side wall is provided with water-permeable and air-permeable holes.

[0009] The oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest is characterized in that 2-4 radially arranged partition baffles are provided in the annular groove; nectar plants are planted and / or pollinating insect attractants are placed in the annular groove.

[0010] The described nest for pollinating camellia oil insects is characterized in that a through hole is provided in the middle and upper part of the side wall of the outer barrel of the nest body.

[0011] The oil-tea pollination insect settlement nest is characterized in that: the orifice plate is provided with a plurality of circular holes whose apertures are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the nest tube.

[0012] The oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest is characterized in that the outer diameter of the nest tube body is 9-20 cm, the wall thickness is 1-3 mm, and the length is 50-100 cm; the height of the nest outer barrel is 60-120 cm, and the inner diameter is 70-80 cm.

[0013] The above-mentioned Camellia oleifera pollinating insect settlement nest is characterized in that the diameter of the circular hole (21) is 10-21 cm.

[0014] The oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest is characterized in that: the nest tube (3) is filled with a matrix, and the matrix is ​​a mixture of forest soil and peat, with a volume ratio of 60%-80% forest soil and 20%-40% peat.

[0015] The nest for pollinating insects of oil tea is characterized in that the nectar source plants are a combination of white clover, indigofera and crotalaria, or a combination of white clover, cassia corymbs and crotalaria, or a combination of alfalfa, Lespedeza and crotalaria.

[0016] The application of the oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest to improve the fruit setting rate of the oil-tea forest is as follows:

[0017] 1) Select a high-yield tea tree forest, dig a cave to place the nest of the tea tree pollinating insects, and assemble the hole plate on the positioning ring;

[0018] 2) Fill the nest tube with substrate;

[0019] 3) Place the nest tube into the circular hole of the orifice plate;

[0020] 4) Cover the well plate with a 3-5 cm thick substrate;

[0021] 5) After collecting an appropriate number of bee resources, take out some of the nest tubes and carry them to the newly planted tea tree forest or tea tree forest with low fruiting rate, and replace the taken nest tubes with new nest tubes filled with substrate;

[0022] 6) Dig a hole in a newly planted tea oil forest or a tea oil forest with a low fruit set rate, vertically place the nest tube taken out in step 5) in the hole, and backfill with soil.

[0023] The above-mentioned oil-tea pollinating insect settlement nest consists of three parts: a nest body, a nest tube and a perforated plate. Nectar plants can be planted in the annular groove on the periphery of the nest body, and attractants for wild bees in oil-tea forests can also be placed to attract pollinating insects; the nest tube passes through the perforated plate, and the nest tube is used to fill the nesting matrix suitable for wild bees in oil-tea forests, becoming a settlement house for wild bees in oil-tea forests; there are a lot of gaps between the nest body and the nest tube, and holes are distributed on the nest body and the nest tube, which not only ensures the exchange of water and air, but also provides a comfortable and safe living space for wild bees in oil-tea forests, allowing more bee resources to settle here. After a certain number of bee resources are collected, several nest tubes can be easily taken out and transported to other oil-tea forests, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly introducing pollinating insects in oil-tea forests and improving the fruit setting rate of oil-tea forests. After the nest tube is taken out, a new nest tube filled with matrix is ​​inserted into the circular hole for collecting pollinating insects in the next step, so as to realize the long-term fixed point of the nest for the oil-tea pollinating insects, and create a stable home for the insects; and after a sufficient number of oil-tea pollinating insects are collected, a new nest tube is replaced to provide a new nesting space for the insects. In this way, the nest tube is replaced regularly and continuously applied to the oil-tea forest land where pollinating insects need to be introduced to improve the fruit setting rate of the oil-tea forest. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can achieve the purpose of quickly collecting oil-tea pollinating insects and conveniently applying them, so as to greatly improve the fruit setting rate of newly planted oil-tea forest land or oil-tea forest land with low fruiting rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nest body in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the orifice plate in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nest tube in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram when the orifice plate is placed on the nest body;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the orifice plate and the nest tube;

[0031] In the figure: 1-nest body; 2-perforated plate; 3-nest tube; 11-outer barrel; 12-groove; 13-positioning ring; 14-partition plate; 15-through hole; 21-round hole; 31-tube body; 32-nest tube eaves; 33-water-permeable and air-permeable hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The present invention designs a device for collecting oil-tea camellia pollinating insects, namely, a nest for collecting oil-tea camellia pollinating insects, comprising a nest body 1 (see Figure 1 , Figure 3 ), a plurality of nest tubes 3 are arranged in the nest body 1 ( Figure 5 ) and a circular hole plate 2 for fixing the nest tube ( Figure 4 ), the nest body 1 is mainly composed of two parts, the lower part is a cylindrical outer barrel 11 with a bottom plate, and the upper part is an annular groove 12 extending outward from the barrel. The annular groove 12 is composed of an inner ring, a bottom surface and an outer ring. The inner ring of the annular groove 12 shares a wall with the outer barrel 11. The outer barrel 11 and the inner ring of the annular groove 12 are connected by a clamping ring 13 for fixing the orifice plate 2. The clamping ring is located inside the nest body. The device is also provided with a nest tube 3 in the nest body 1 (see Figure 5 ), including a cylindrical tube body 31 with a circular bottom plate (that is, the tube body 31 is composed of a bottom plate and a side wall), and a nest tube eave 32 protruding outward is provided at the upper end of the tube body 31. When in use, the circular orifice plate 2 is placed above the clamping ring 13. The diameter of the circular orifice plate 2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner ring, and is more preferably 1-2 cm longer than the inner diameter of the clamping ring 13, to ensure that the circular orifice plate can be more firmly matched with the clamping ring 13 inside the nest body 1 (such as Figure 2 , Figure 6 The orifice plate 2 is provided with a plurality of circular holes 21, the aperture of which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the nest tube 3, so that the nest tube 3 can pass through the circular holes. The outer diameter of the nest tube edge 32 is larger than the diameter of the circular hole 21, and the nest tube edge is stuck in the circular hole 21 to achieve the mutual cooperation between the nest tube and the orifice plate (as shown in FIG. Figure 2 , Figure 7 In order to achieve good water and air conditions in the nest tube 3, a water-permeable and air-permeable hole 33 is provided at the middle and lower part of the side wall of the nest tube 3. When it rains continuously and there is too much rain, the water flowing through the nest tube can quickly flow into the nest body 1, and the air permeability in the nest tube is also increased.

[0035] In order to realize the exchange and transmission of water, air, fertilizer and other substances between the nest and the soil, it is best to set a through hole 15 in the middle and upper part of the side wall of the outer barrel 11 of the nest, and no through hole is set in the lower part to facilitate the storage of appropriate water.

[0036] The sizes of the components of the present invention can be customized according to actual needs, among which the sizes listed below are better: nest tube body: outer diameter is 9-20cm, wall thickness is 1-3mm, length is 50-100cm; orifice plate: circular hole diameter is 10-21cm; nest body: outer barrel 11 height is 60-120cm, inner diameter is 70-80cm.

[0037] In actual application, the device is used as follows: 1) select a high-yield tea tree forest (with good seed-bearing and fruit-bearing performance and a large number of pollinating insects), dig a cave to place the nest 1 of the tea tree pollinating insects, and then fill the topsoil into the gap outside the outer barrel 11. The installation depth of the nest body is preferably such that the top of the annular groove 12 is slightly higher than the ground; and the orifice plate is assembled on the clamping ring; 2) fill the nest tube with nesting matrix; the nesting matrix can be a mixture of forest soil and peat, and the optimal volume ratio is 60%-80% of forest soil and 20%-40% of peat; 3) place the nest tube at the circular hole position of the orifice plate; 4) cover the orifice plate with a 3-5 cm thick matrix;

[0038] 5) After collecting an appropriate number of bee resources, take out some of the nest tubes and move them to the newly planted tea tree forest or tea tree forest with a low fruiting rate; and replace the round holes of the taken nest tubes with new ones filled with nesting matrix;

[0039] 6) Dig a hole in the newly planted tea oil forest or the tea oil forest with low fruit setting rate, place the nest tube taken out in step 5) vertically in the hole, and backfill soil around the nest tube to fix the nest tube in the soil. The depth of the nest tube after placement should be such that the upper end is at a level with the ground.

[0040] In order to attract pollinating insects to settle down and build nests in the oil tea plant, the annular groove 12 can be used to plant nectar plants or to place attractants to attract target pollinating insects. Of course, both can be used. Therefore, in order to achieve flexible application, the annular groove 12 is preferably provided with 2-4 radially arranged partition plates 14 (see Figure 3 ).

[0041] When a large number of nest tubes containing oil tea pollinating insects need to be produced, it is best to sow nectar plants on a large scale in the forest land where the insects settle their nests, which is conducive to the large-scale reproduction of pollinating insects. The seeds of nectar plants are selected from white clover, alfalfa, indigofera, Lespedeza, Cassia corymbosa, Crotalaria, etc. The specific configuration has the following three combinations with better effects: combination one: white clover, indigofera, Crotalaria; combination two: white clover, Cassia corymbosa, Crotalaria; combination three: combination of alfalfa, Lespedeza, Crotalaria. The above nectar plants and their combinations are also applicable in the annular groove 12 of the above-mentioned device. The sowing time and method are as follows: sowing in March-April, the best sowing time is around Qingming Festival, and the seeds are soaked in 40-50℃ warm water for 24 hours before sowing. The land should be plowed during sowing, and phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately added. Hillside land should be combined with soil and water conservation and sown in terraces in the horizontal direction. White clover, alfalfa and other herbs are sown by broadcasting, and shrubs are sown by hole sowing, with a sowing depth of 2-3 cm. The hole spacing is 30 cm, and the soil depth after sowing is 2 cm. Land preparation: It is better to choose neutral sandy loam for the nursery. It should be deep plowed, generally not shallower than 30 cm. After plowing, it is made into a bed or ridge for sowing. Seedling management after sowing: The growth is slow in the seedling stage, and weeds should be removed in time. A small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied during the seedling stage. Topdressing: Topdressing should be done in time, generally in May-June or July-August, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to accelerate the growth of seedlings. Weeding and loosening the soil: The first weeding can be carried out after the seedlings emerge, and shallow weeding is better. Weeding can be done 1-2 times later depending on the weed situation. Drainage and irrigation: Keep it moist during the seedling stage; the seedlings are not resistant to waterlogging, so pay attention to drainage.

[0042] In newly planted tea oil plantations and other areas where pollinating insects need to be introduced, it is recommended to plant nectar plants according to the above plan, which will be beneficial to the pollination of tea oil plants.

[0043] This patent mainly targets the prominent problem of insufficient pollination in newly planted oil-tea forests and oil-tea forests with low fruiting rates in the mountainous areas of southwestern Zhejiang. Through investigations on pollinating insects and suitable habitats in semi-wild oil-tea forests, a "settlement" consisting of nectar plants and artificial nest tubes suitable for the life and reproduction of pollinating insects is built in the oil-tea forest, which improves the artificial gathering of pollinating insects such as oil-tea bees. After a certain number of pollinating insects are collected, several nest tubes can be easily taken out and transported to other oil-tea forests, so as to quickly introduce pollinating insects into the oil-tea forest, and finally achieve the purpose of increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of oil-tea.

Claims

1. A nest for pollinating insects of oil tea, characterized by: The invention comprises a nest body (1), wherein a plurality of nest tubes (3) and a perforated plate (2) for fixing the nest tubes are arranged in the nest body (1); the nest body (1) comprises a cylindrical outer barrel (11) provided with a bottom plate, an annular groove (12) is arranged at the upper end of the outer barrel (11), a retaining ring (13) for fixing the perforated plate (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the upper part of the outer barrel (11); a through hole (15) is arranged at the middle and upper part of the side wall of the outer barrel; the nest tube (3) comprises a cylindrical tube body (31), an outwardly protruding nest tube eave (32) is arranged at the upper end of the tube body (31), the tube body (31) is composed of a bottom plate and a side wall, and a water-permeable and air-permeable hole (33) is arranged at the middle and lower part of the side wall; the nest tube (3) is filled with a matrix, and the matrix is ​​a mixture of forest soil and peat, and the volume ratio is 60%-80% of forest soil and 20%-40% of peat.

2. The oil-tea camellia pollinating insect settlement nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular groove (12) is provided with 2 to 4 radially arranged partition plates (14); nectar plants are planted and / or pollinating insect attractants are placed in the annular groove.

3. The oil-tea-tea pollinating insect settlement nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orifice plate (2) is provided with a plurality of circular holes (21) whose diameters are slightly larger than the outer diameters of the nest tubes (3).

4. The oil-tea camellia pollinating insect settlement nest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the tube body (31) of the nest tube (3) is 9-20 cm, the wall thickness is 1-3 mm, and the length is 50-100 cm; the height of the outer barrel (11) of the nest tube is 60-120 cm, and the inner diameter is 70-80 cm.

5. The oil-tea camellia pollinating insect settlement nest according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the circular hole (21) is 10-21 cm.

6. The oil-tea-tea pollinating insect settlement nest according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nectar source plants are a combination of white clover, indigofera oleracea and crotaluria, or a combination of white clover, cassia corymbosa and crotaluria, or a combination of alfalfa, Lespedeza bicolor and crotaluria.

7. Application of the oil-tea camellia pollinating insect settlement nest according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving the fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia forests, and the application method is as follows: 1) Select a high-yield tea tree forest, dig a cave to place the nest of the tea tree pollinating insects, and assemble the hole plate on the positioning ring; 2) Fill the nest tube with substrate; 3) Place the nest tube into the circular hole of the orifice plate; 4) Cover the well plate with a 3-5 cm thick substrate; 5) After collecting an appropriate number of bee resources, take out some of the nest tubes and carry them to the newly planted tea tree forest or tea tree forest with low fruiting rate, and replace the taken nest tubes with new nest tubes filled with substrate; 6) Dig a hole in a newly planted tea oil forest or a tea oil forest with a low fruit set rate, vertically place the nest tube taken out in step 5) in the hole, and backfill with soil.

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