An adjustable gradient dust sampler for the windward slope of sand dunes with variable slopes

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adjustable gradient sand-dust collector for the windward slope of a sand dune with variable slope. Its structural feature is that a slope-adjusting telescopic bellows is placed at the bottom of a fixed sand collection box, and a slope-adjusting plate is buckled on the bellows. The sand outlet nozzle at the bottom of the fixed sand collection box passes through the slope-adjusting plate, the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows and the lid of the protection barrel, and is directly connected to the sand collection bottle inside the protection barrel. An exhaust pipe is arranged inside the protection barrel, and a wind-powered air-extracting rotary cap is installed at the pipe orifice. The present invention first applies the sand-dust collector to the windward slope surface of a sand dune with a slope greater than 10 degrees to measure the sediment transport rate of different gradient slope sections in the wind-sand flow. It has important significance for understanding the morphological characteristics of sand dunes in terms of the acceleration of sand particle movement by wind speed and the change of sediment transport rate on the windward slope of sand dunes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an adjustable gradient sand-dust collector for the windward slope of a sand dune varying with the slope, which is used to measure the sediment transport rate of different gradient slope sections in the wind-sand flow on the windward slope of the sand dune with an angle greater than 10 degrees. Background Art

[0002] A sand dune is a wind-sand accumulation body. The gentle slope of the sand dune is the windward slope. On the windward slope surface, the sand is pushed by the wind force, and the jumping sand grains are blown upwards. The near-surface wind speed and sediment transport intensity generally show an increasing trend from the foot of the slope to the top of the dune. The jumping sand grains continuously cross the top of the dune and slide downwards, falling into the leeward side. In this way, the sand on the leeward side moves continuously, prompting the sand dune to move forward and become a mobile sand dune. How to measure the jump of the windward slope of the sand dune at a certain wind speed, how the sand grains change along the slope height, and how the sediment transport rate of the windward slope of the sand dune changes have always been important topics for scientific and technological personnel to study the morphological characteristics of sand dunes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable gradient sand-dust collector for the windward slope of a sand dune varying with the slope. By using this collector to measure the sediment transport rate of different gradient slope sections in the wind-sand flow on the windward slope of the sand dune with an angle greater than 10 degrees, the sediment transport law of the windward slope of the sand dune can be understood.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] An adjustable gradient sand-dust collector for the windward slope of a sand dune varying with the slope includes a windward slope of the sand dune, a leeward slope of the sand dune, a sand-dust collector, a slope-adjusting telescopic bellows, a slope-adjusting plate, a sand inlet, a movable sand collection box, an exhaust port, a breathable net, an exhaust pipe, a sand outlet nozzle, a sand collection bottle, a protection barrel, a bracket, a barrel cover, bolts, sand dust, wind-sand flow, an anti-sand-flow sheath, a lock, a fixed sand collection box, a sand collection box cover, and a wind-powered air-extracting rotary cap. On the bracket, there are a bolt movable sand collection box and a fixed sand collection box. The movable sand collection box is located above the fixed sand collection box, and the sand collection box cover covers the sand inlet of the sand collection box; on one side opposite to the sand inlet, there is an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is covered with a breathable net. Its characteristic is that the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows is placed at the bottom of the fixed sand collection box, and the slope-adjusting plate is buckled on the bellows. The sand outlet nozzle at the bottom of the fixed sand collection box passes through the slope-adjusting plate, the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows, and the barrel cover of the protection barrel, and is directly connected to the sand collection bottle inside the protection barrel. The exhaust pipe is arranged inside the protection barrel, and the pipe orifice is equipped with a wind-powered air-extracting rotary cap.

[0006] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] 1. The slope-adjusting telescopic bellows and the slope-adjusting plate adopted by the present invention lay the foundation for the standing position of the sand-dust collector on the windward slope surface, and further enable the sand-dust collector to be applicable to measuring the sediment transport rate at different heights on the windward slope surface.

[0008] 2. The exhaust pipe is arranged inside the protection barrel, and a wind-powered air extraction rotary cap is installed at the pipe orifice. The wind-powered air extraction rotary cap prevents sand particles from blocking the exhaust pipe. On the other hand, it accelerates the discharge of air flow from the exhaust pipe, which is conducive to the fall of the dust in the sand collection box.

[0009] 3. For the first time, the present invention applies the sand dust collector to the windward slope of the sand dune with a slope greater than 10 degrees to measure the sediment transport rate of different gradient slope sections in the wind-sand flow. It provides technical support for studying the movement of sand particles on the windward surface of the sand dune when the wind speed increases, for the change of the sediment transport rate on the windward slope of the sand dune, and for understanding the morphological characteristics of the sand dune. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is the layout diagram of the present invention on the windward slope of the sand dune.

[0011] Figure 2 It is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the top view of

[0013] Figure 4 It is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the slope adjustment telescopic bellows and the slope adjustment plate in

[0014] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the anti-sand-flow sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0015] As Figure 1-5As shown in the figure, a gradient-type dust collection instrument with adjustable gradient according to the slope change on the windward slope of a sand dune, comprising a windward slope 1 of the sand dune, a leeward slope 2 of the sand dune, a dust collection instrument 3, a slope-adjusting telescopic bellows 4, a slope-adjusting plate 4-1, a sand inlet 5, a movable sand collection box 6, an exhaust port 7, a breathable net 8, an exhaust pipe 9, a sand outlet nozzle 10, a sand collection bottle 11, a protection barrel 12, a bracket 13, a barrel cover 14, bolts 15, dust 16, a sand and wind flow 17, an anti-sand-flow sheath 18, a lock 19, a fixed sand collection box 20, a sand collection box cover 21 and a wind-powered air-extracting rotary cap 22. On the bracket 13, there are bolts 15 fixing a movable sand collection box 6 and a fixed sand collection box 20 at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. The movable sand collection box 6 is above the fixed sand collection box 20. The sand inlet 5 of the sand collection box is covered with a sand collection box cover 21. On one side opposite to the sand inlet 5, there is an exhaust port 7, and the exhaust port 7 is covered with a breathable net 8. Its feature is that a slope-adjusting plate 4-1 is placed at the bottom of the fixed sand collection box 20. It is a plate surface with holes formed by butt-jointing two stainless steel plates with a lock. The slope-adjusting plate 4-1 is provided with a slope-adjusting telescopic bellows 4. The sand outlet nozzle 10 of the fixed sand collection box 20 on the bellows passes through the slope-adjusting plate 4-1, the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows 4 and the barrel cover 14 of the protection barrel, and is directly connected to the sand collection bottle 11 in the protection barrel 12. The exhaust pipe 9 is arranged in the protection barrel 12, and a wind-powered air-extracting rotary cap 22 is installed at the pipe orifice.

[0016] The present invention is implemented to collect the sediment transport rate of the sand and wind flow on the windward sand dune slope 1 greater than 10°. First, measure the slope, slope length, sand dune height and other observation indexes of the observed sand dune, and divide the dust collection instrument 3 into three equal parts on the observed sand dune slope length. In specific implementation, place the first dust collector on the windward slope 1 of the sand dune, place the fourth dust collection instrument on the top of the sand dune, and place the third and fourth dust collection instruments at equal distances between the bottom and the top of the slope. First, bury the protection barrel 12. When burying, make the barrel edge of the protection barrel 12 level with the slope angle at the lower corner of the windward slope. Surround the periphery of the protection barrel opening with an anti-sand-flow sheath 19 to prevent the sand grains in the dry sand layer above the windward slope from sliding down and flowing into the protection barrel 3. Place two sand collection bottles 11 in the barrel, then cover the barrel cover 14, so that the sand outlet nozzle 10 on the movable sand collection box 6 on the barrel cover is aligned with the mouth of the sand collection bottle 11 in the barrel, ensuring that the dust 16 can smoothly flow into the sand collection bottle 11. Fasten the lock 19 and remove the anti-sand-flow sheath 18. Next, install two fixed sand collection boxes 20 below the bracket 13, and sequentially place three to five movable sand collection boxes 6 above the fixed sand collection boxes 20. Tighten the fixing bolts 15, place the slope-adjusting plate 4-1 parallel to the windward slope angle and align and fix it with both sides of the barrel cover 14 and the bracket 13, so that the slope-adjusting plate 4-1 is aligned with the bottom of the first sand inlet 5. The slope-adjusting plate 4-1 is a plate surface with holes formed by butt-jointing two stainless steel plates with a lock. With the straight, convex and concave changes of the following slope-adjusting telescopic bellows 4, adjust the slope of the sand collection box on the windward surface of the sand dune to prevent the sand and wind flow from scouring the sand dune around the dust collection instrument 3.

[0017] When the sand on the windward slope of the sand dune is under the action of strong air currents, the jumping sand grains are blown upward. The sand collection box cover 21 is opened when collecting the sand flux. The aeolian sand flow 17 moves along the windward slope 1 of the sand dune and enters the fixed sand collection box 20 and the movable sand collection box 6 of the first sand dust collector 3 at different heights of the gradient section, and enters the sand inlet 5 of the sand dust collector through the sand collection box cover 21. In the aeolian sand flow field, sand grains are generally concentrated in the range of 20 cm from the ground. After the near-surface aeolian sand flow enters the fixed sand collection box 20, it flows into the large-diameter sand collection bottle 11 from the sand outlet nozzle 10. The sand dust 16 is deposited and piled up at the bottom of the sand collection bottle 11, and the air flow is discharged into the protection barrel 12 from the mouth of the sand collection bottle 11. The air pressure difference of the air flow causes the air flow in the protection barrel 12 to pass through the exhaust pipe 9 and the wind-powered air extraction rotary cap 22, and then the wind-powered air extraction rotary cap 22 discharges the air through the sieve mesh into the air for fusion. The aeolian sand flow at different heights of the gradient enters the movable sand collection box 6, and the sand dust is deposited at the bottom of the box, accumulating the sand dust. The air flow is discharged into the air for fusion from the air vent holes 7 of the movable sand collection box 6 through the breathable 120-mesh holes. As the angle of the windward slope of the sand dune changes, that is, as the angle of the windward slope increases, the wind speed on the windward slope surface increases, and it continues to advance to the second and third sand dust collectors and enters the sand dust collectors. Finally, under the push of the wind force, the sand grains enter the fourth sand dust collector and slide down over the top of the sand dune to the upper part of the leeward slope 2 of the sand dune, forming a steep sliding surface.

[0018] After observing the aeolian sand flow for a period of time, cover the sand collection box cover 21, unscrew the bolt 15 and take out the movable sand collection box 6, pour the sand dust inside into the bag, record information such as the location, time, and height, and take them back in sequence for weighing and recording. The weighing results show that the sand transport rate of the fourth sand dust collector is higher than that of the second and third sand dust collectors. After taking out the upper movable sand collection box 6, then let the anti-sand-sliding sheath 19 surround the protection barrel 12 to prevent the sand grains in the dry sand layer above the windward slope from sliding down and flowing into the protection barrel 3. Open the lock catch 18, remove the barrel cover 14, and place it together with the bracket 13 beside. Next, put two sand collection bottles 11 into the protection barrel 12 in sequence, record and take them out and pour them into the cloth belt and take them back for weighing and recording, then put in empty sand collection bottles 11, cover the barrel cover 14, fasten the lock catch 18, and remove the anti-sand-sliding sheath 19. Next, place the movable sand collection box 6 above the fixed sand collection box 20 of the second and third sand dust collectors 3 in the middle of the bracket 13 in sequence, tighten the fixing bolt 15, adjust the azimuth of the slope adjustment plate 4 according to the windward angle, and the barrel mouth should be consistent with the slope angle of the windward slope for the next observation.

[0019] The field observation results show that the acceleration of the air flow on the windward slope 1 of the sand dune is the driving force for the sand grain movement, and the near-surface wind speed and sand transport intensity generally show an increasing trend from the first sand dust collector at the foot of the slope to the fourth sand dust collector at the top of the dune. The wind speed and sand transport rate at the top of the dune are the largest. Due to the eddy current effect on the leeward slope 2 of the sand dune, the wind speed decreases from the top of the dune to the foot of the slope, and the sand transport rate drops sharply. When the wind speed increases toward the top of the dune on the windward slope, the sand transport rate (relative to the foot of the slope) in the top area of the dune will also increase several times.

Claims

1. An adjustable gradient sand dust collector for the windward slope of a sand dune with variable slope, comprising a windward slope of a sand dune (1), a leeward slope of a sand dune (2), a sand dust collector (3), a slope adjustment telescopic bellows (4), a slope adjustment plate (4-1), a sand inlet (5), a movable sand collection box (6), an exhaust port (7), a breathable net (8), an exhaust pipe (9), a sand outlet nozzle (10), a sand collection bottle (11), a protection barrel (12), a bracket (13), a barrel cover (14), bolts (15), sand dust (16), a wind-sand flow (17), an anti-sand-flow sheath (18), a lock catch (19), a fixed sand collection box (20), a sand collection box cover (21), a wind-powered air extraction rotary cap (22). On the bracket (13), there are bolts (15) for fixing a movable sand collection box (6) and a fixed sand collection box (20) at an angle of 45° from the horizontal. The movable sand collection box (6) is located above the fixed sand collection box (20). The sand inlet (5) of the sand collection box is covered with a sand collection box cover (21); on one side opposite to the sand inlet (5), there is an exhaust port (7), and the exhaust port (7) is covered with a breathable net (8). Its characteristic is fixed A slope-adjusting telescopic bellows (4) is placed at the bottom of the sand collection box (20). A slope-adjusting plate (4-1) is buckled on the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows (4). The sand outlet nozzle (10) at the bottom of the fixed sand collection box (20) passes through the slope-adjusting plate (4-1), the slope-adjusting telescopic bellows (4) and the bucket lid (14) of the protection bucket, and is directly connected to the sand collection bottle (11) inside the protection bucket (12). The exhaust pipe (9) is arranged inside the protection bucket (12), and a wind-powered air extraction rotary cap (22) is installed at the pipe orifice. The slope-adjusting plate (4-1) is placed parallel to the windward slope angle and aligned and fixed on both sides of the bucket lid (14) and the support (13), so that the slope-adjusting plate (4-1) is aligned with the bottom of the sand inlet (5) of the fixed sand collection box (20). The slope-adjusting plate (4-1) is a plate surface formed by butting two stainless steel plates with a buckle in the middle and having holes. With the straightening and convexity and concavity changes of the following slope-adjusting telescopic bellows (4), the slope of the sand collection box on the windward side of the sand dune is adjusted.

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