Risk-based evaluation method and system for explosion-resistant fortification value of buildings

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention provides a risk-based method and system for assessing the explosion-proof defense value of a building, which belongs to the field of petrochemical technology. The method includes: determining the explosion source within a preset distance of the building; determining the frequency of explosion accidents of the explosion source; for different frequencies of the explosion accidents, performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source; and performing curve simulation on different frequencies of the explosion accidents and corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building. It provides a construction or renovation basis for the explosion-proof design of the building, and is also suitable for protecting the building according to local conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical engineering, and in particular to a risk-based method and system for evaluating the explosion-proof fortification value of a building. Background Art

[0002] When an explosion occurs, the destructive force is huge, often causing a large number of casualties in non-explosion-proof buildings near the explosion source. At present, only a few newly built chemical enterprises or devices in the petrochemical industry have considered the explosion-proof safety design of nearby occupied places. For example, some central control rooms or device control rooms have adopted explosion-proof control room design, while most internal buildings occupied by people close to high-explosion-hazard devices only consider fire protection requirements but not explosion-proof performance, which makes it difficult to meet the new national standards.

[0003] The inventor of the present application has found that, at present, fixed explosion shock wave parameters are usually used in explosion-proof design, and factors such as the characteristics of petrochemical equipment and plane layout are not considered. For fixed defense loads, the explosion-proof defense capacity is insufficient for some buildings that are close to the equipment and have a high explosion risk. For some buildings that are far away from the equipment and have a low explosion risk, excessive protection is caused, which is uneconomical and unreasonable. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a risk-based method and system for assessing the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, so as to quantitatively calculate the explosion-proof fortification value of the building.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining an explosion-proof defense value curve of a building, the method comprising: determining an explosion source within a preset distance of the building; determining the frequency of explosion accidents of the explosion source; for different frequencies of the explosion accidents, performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source; and performing curve simulation on the different frequencies of the explosion accidents and the corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building.

[0006] Optionally, determining the frequency of explosion accidents at the explosion source includes: determining the leakage frequency of the explosion source; determining the ignition probability of the explosion source; determining the probability of meteorological conditions in the area where the explosion source is located; determining the explosion probability of the explosion source; and taking the product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability as the frequency of explosion accidents at the explosion source.

[0007] Optionally, determining the leakage frequency of the explosion source includes calculating the leakage frequency of the explosion source according to the following formula:

[0008] F(d)=(a+c V n )d m / b

[0009] F(d1-d2)=F(d1)-F(d2)

[0010] Wherein, F(d) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture of not less than d, in times / year; F(d1-d2) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture ranging from d1 to d2, in times / year; V represents the volume of the explosion source, in mm 3 ; d, d1, d2 are the leakage hole diameters, d1≤d2, and the unit is mm; a, b, c, n, m represent constants related to the explosion source and leakage scenario, respectively.

[0011] Optionally, determining the ignition probability of the explosion source includes: obtaining the temperature of the explosion source during the process and the auto-ignition point of the explosion source; and calculating the ignition probability of the explosion source according to the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, pai is the ignition probability, T is the temperature of the explosion source during the process, and AIT is the auto-ignition point of the explosion source.

[0014] Optionally, determining the explosion probability of the explosion source includes calculating the explosion probability according to the following formula:

[0015] POEGD=0.3×M CHEM ×M MAGE ×M IN / OUT ×FEP

[0016] Wherein, POEGD is the explosion probability, M CHEM is the chemical activity factor, M MAGE is the release size factor, M IN / OUT is the indoor and outdoor factor, and FEP is the failure probability of explosion prevention measures.

[0017] Optionally, for different frequencies of the explosion accident, performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source includes: determining the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source energy of the explosion source according to the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source intensity of the explosion source; and determining the explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source according to the explosion source energy, the explosion source intensity, and the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, P is the explosion overpressure, unit is Pa, t is the overpressure duration, unit is s; x is the coefficient related to pressure; y is the coefficient related to energy; E is the energy of the explosion source; L is the distance between the overpressure calculation point and the explosion source; R is the radius of the explosion source.

[0020] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, the method comprising: obtaining an acceptable frequency of explosion accidents for the explosion source of the building; and obtaining the explosion-proof fortification value of the building based on the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, wherein the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the above-mentioned method.

[0021] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a system for determining the explosion-proof defense value curve of a building, the system comprising: an explosion source determination device, used to determine the explosion source within a preset distance of the building; an explosion accident frequency determination device, used to determine the explosion accident frequency of the explosion source; an explosion overpressure determination device, used to perform explosion simulation on the explosion source for different explosion accident frequencies to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source; and a curve simulation device, used to perform curve simulation on different explosion accident frequencies and corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building.

[0022] Optionally, the device for determining the frequency of explosion accidents includes: a leakage frequency determination module, used to determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source; an ignition probability determination module, used to determine the ignition probability of the explosion source; a meteorological condition probability determination module, used to determine the meteorological condition probability of the area where the explosion source is located; an explosion probability determination module, used to determine the explosion probability of the explosion source; and an explosion accident frequency calculation module, used to use the product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability as the explosion accident frequency of the explosion source.

[0023] Optionally, the leakage frequency determination module is used to determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source according to the following formula:

[0024] F(d)=(a+c V n )d m / b

[0025] F(d1-d2)=F(d1)-F(d2)

[0026] Wherein, F(d) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture of not less than d, in times / year; F(d1-d2) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture ranging from d1 to d2, in times / year; V represents the volume of the explosion source, in mm 3 ; d, d1, d2 are the leakage hole diameters, d1≤d2, and the unit is mm; a, b, c, n, m represent constants related to the explosion source and leakage scenario, respectively.

[0027] Optionally, the ignition probability determination module is used to determine the ignition probability of the explosion source according to the following steps: obtaining the temperature of the explosion source during the process and the auto-ignition point of the explosion source; and calculating the ignition probability of the explosion source according to the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, pai is the ignition probability, T is the temperature of the explosion source during the process, and AIT is the auto-ignition point of the explosion source.

[0030] Optionally, the explosion probability determination module calculates the explosion probability according to the following formula:

[0031] POEGD=0.3×M CHEM ×M MAGE ×M IN / OUT ×FEP

[0032] Wherein, POEGD is the explosion probability, M CHEM is the chemical activity factor, M MAGE is the release size factor, M IN / OUT is the indoor and outdoor factor, and FEP is the failure probability of explosion prevention measures.

[0033] Optionally, the explosion overpressure determination device is used to calculate the explosion overpressure of the explosion source according to the following steps: determining the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source energy of the explosion source according to the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source intensity of the explosion source; and determining the explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source according to the explosion source energy, the explosion source intensity, and the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, P is the explosion overpressure, unit is Pa, t is the overpressure duration, unit is s; x is the coefficient related to pressure; y is the coefficient related to energy; E is the energy of the explosion source; L is the distance between the overpressure calculation point and the explosion source; R is the radius of the explosion source.

[0036] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a system for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, the system comprising: a first acquisition module, used to obtain an acceptable frequency of explosion accidents for the explosion source of the building; and a second acquisition module, used to obtain the explosion-proof fortification value of the building based on the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, wherein the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the above-mentioned method.

[0037] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, on which instructions are stored, and the instructions are used to enable a machine to execute: the above-mentioned method for determining the explosion-resistant defense value curve of a building; and / or the above-mentioned method for determining the explosion-resistant defense value of a building.

[0038] Through the above technical scheme, the frequency of explosion accidents of explosion sources within a preset distance of the building and the overpressure of the explosion sources under different explosion accident frequencies are determined, and the curve simulation of the two is performed to obtain the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building. Therefore, the explosion-proof fortification value of the building can be quantitatively determined according to the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents in the building, providing a basis for construction or renovation of the explosion-proof design of the building, and it is also suitable for protecting the building according to local conditions.

[0039] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific implementations, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process for determining the frequency of explosion accidents of an explosion source according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a wind rose diagram is shown;

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a process for determining an explosion overpressure of an explosion source according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an example of a blast-resistant fortification value curve for a building;

[0047] Figure 7 A structural block diagram of a system for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and

[0048] Figure 8 A structural block diagram of a system for determining an explosion-proof fortification value of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] In any embodiment of the present invention, the explosion protection value means the explosion pressure that the building needs to resist.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building, and the method may include steps S110 to S140.

[0053] In step S110, the explosion source within a preset distance from the building is determined.

[0054] By analyzing the general layout of the building's periphery, we can determine the possible explosion sources and other explosion hazards, including but not limited to: physical explosion sources caused by overpressure of containers (gas cylinders, pressure vessels, boilers, pipelines), chemical explosions (TNT decomposition explosions, VCE explosions, dust explosions), etc. Specifically, we can determine whether the raw materials, intermediate products, and final products stored and reacted in the building's periphery devices and units are explosive or flammable. If the material is explosive or flammable, the operating temperature and operating pressure of the material will be used to determine whether it is explosive or flammable; if the material is explosive or flammable at the process operating temperature and operating pressure, the total inventory of the material will be used to determine whether it will cause a serious accident; if it may cause a serious accident, the device involving the explosive or flammable material will be determined as an explosion hazard.

[0055] Furthermore, for the identified explosion hazard sources, the explosion hazard sources are divided into different nodes according to the process flow of the explosion hazard source device and in combination with the hazardous characteristics and distribution of the explosion hazard sources, and the process hazard is analyzed for each node using an identification method to determine the specific hazardous process unit. The explosion source in the embodiment of the present invention refers to the hazardous process unit, and subsequent calculations are also based on the hazardous process unit. The identification method includes but is not limited to any one or more of the following: process hazard analysis (PHA), checklist, hazard and operability (HAZOP), BowTie analysis, layer of protection analysis (LOPA), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), quantitative risk assessment (QRA), explosion consequence assessment based on CFD and CAE, leakage explosion assessment based on wind tunnel experiments, etc.

[0056] The preset distance in any embodiment of the present invention can be set to any appropriate value as needed.

[0057] In step S120, the frequency of explosion accidents of the explosion source is determined.

[0058] The frequency of explosion accidents is mainly affected by the leakage frequency of the explosion source, the ignition probability of the explosion source, the probability of meteorological conditions in the area where the explosion source is located, the explosion probability of the explosion source, etc. By determining these factors, the frequency of explosion accidents at the explosion source can be determined.

[0059] In step S130, for different frequencies of occurrence of the explosion accident, explosion simulation is performed on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source.

[0060] Under different meteorological condition probabilities and leakage frequencies of different aperture sizes, the explosion accident frequency of the explosion source is different. The corresponding explosion overpressure of the explosion source can be calculated for different explosion accident frequencies.

[0061] In step S140, curve simulation is performed on different frequencies of occurrence of the explosion accidents and the corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain an explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building.

[0062] The frequency of explosion accidents and explosion overpressure have a one-to-one corresponding value. By simulating multiple pairs of explosion accident frequencies and explosion overpressures, the anti-explosion defense value curve of the building with respect to the explosion source can be obtained. In the case where there are multiple explosion sources within a preset distance of the building, an anti-explosion defense value curve can be obtained for each explosion source. The anti-explosion defense value curve for all explosion sources is used as the anti-explosion defense value curve of the building.

[0063] The method for determining the explosion-proof defense value curve of a building provided in an embodiment of the present invention first determines the frequency of explosion accidents of an explosion source within a preset distance of the building and the overpressure of the explosion source under different explosion accident frequencies, and then performs curve simulation on the two to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building, so that the explosion-proof defense value of the building can be quantitatively determined according to the acceptable explosion accident frequency of the building, providing a construction or renovation basis for the explosion-proof design of the building, and is also suitable for protecting the building according to local conditions.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is only the determination of the frequency of explosion accidents of the explosion source. The other working principles and benefits are similar to those of the first embodiment and will not be repeated here. Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a flow chart of determining the frequency of explosion accidents of an explosion source according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the frequency of explosion accidents of the explosion source can be determined according to steps S202 to S210.

[0066] In step S202, the leakage frequency of the explosion source is determined.

[0067] By obtaining the P&ID drawings of the process units of the explosion source device, understanding the number of reactors, towers, pumps, flanges, valves, pipelines, etc. in the device and the process parameters of each device, the frequency of leakage of different sizes in the explosion source device can be analyzed and determined. Leaking equipment may include process pipelines, process containers, centrifugal pumps, volumetric pumps, centrifugal compressors, reciprocating compressors, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, air coolers, filters, long pipelines, etc.

[0068] The leakage frequency of the explosion source is calculated according to the following formula:

[0069] F(d)=(a+cV n )d m / b (1)

[0070] F(d1-d2)=F(d1)-F(d2) (2)

[0071] Wherein, F(d) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture of not less than d, in times / year; F(d1-d2) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture ranging from d1 to d2, in times / year; V represents the volume of the explosion source, in mm 3; d, d1, d2 are leakage hole diameters, d1≤d2, in mm; a, b, c, n, m represent constants related to the explosion source and leakage scenario, respectively, and may be preset values. According to the specific device of the explosion source, formula (1) or (2) may be selected to calculate the leakage frequency of the explosion source, and the leakage hole diameters d, d1, d2 may also be set to appropriate values ​​as required.

[0072] In step S204, the ignition probability of the explosion source is determined.

[0073] When evaluating the probability of internal ignition in process equipment, the following factors should be considered: historical experience; explosion zones within process equipment; probability of failure of internal equipment or components due to improper installation; possibility of material generating static electricity; accumulation of static electricity or poor grounding; sparks occurring under normal or abnormal conditions; connection of the gas line to other ignition sources; absorbed heat (such as activated carbon bed); internal and external temperatures; materials with low auto-ignition points; materials with low ignition energy; self-oxidizing materials; normal or abnormal internal chemical reactions; hot work, including adjacent equipment; moving equipment; adiabatic compression.

[0074] This embodiment mainly considers the ignition probability caused by spontaneous combustion. When calculating the ignition probability, the temperature of the explosion source process and the autoignition point of the explosion source can be first obtained. The temperature of the explosion source process can be obtained according to actual measurements, and the highest temperature or average temperature of the explosion source process can be taken here. The autoignition point of the explosion source can be determined according to the material of the explosion source. After that, the ignition probability of the explosion source can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] Wherein, pai is the ignition probability, T is the temperature of the explosion source during the process, and AIT is the auto-ignition point of the explosion source.

[0077] Alternatively, for materials that produce sparks or explosion sources, Pai may be assumed to be 1.

[0078] In step S206, the probability of meteorological conditions in the area where the explosion source is located is determined.

[0079] For a leakage accident, the consequences of the explosion accident will be different under different wind directions. The meteorological condition probability refers to the frequency of explosion accidents caused by different wind direction frequencies. The probability of meteorological conditions can be obtained from the wind rose diagram of the explosion source area obtained from the meteorological station. The wind rose diagram, also called the wind direction frequency rose diagram, is based on the percentage values ​​of each wind direction and wind speed in a certain area based on the average statistics of many years, and is drawn according to a certain proportion, such as Figure 3 As shown, according to Figure 3It can be determined that the wind frequencies in each direction (i.e., meteorological condition probabilities) are generally: north 0.1, south 0.3, west 0.1, east 0.05, northwest 0.2, etc. It can be seen that the meteorological condition probability may have multiple values, and thus the frequency of explosion accidents finally calculated may also have multiple values.

[0080] For a leak, it is necessary to consider the consequences of the leak in different wind directions, as well as the frequency of occurrence in that wind direction. The severity of the consequences of the leak is determined by combining the consequences and frequency of occurrence in different wind directions.

[0081] In step S208, the explosion probability of the explosion source is determined.

[0082] The explosion probability can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0083] POEGD=0.3×M CHEM ×M MAGE ×M IN / OUT ×FEP (4)

[0084] Wherein, POEGD is the explosion probability, M CHEM is the chemical activity factor, M MAGE is the release size factor, M IN / OUT is the indoor and outdoor factor, and FEP is the failure probability of explosion prevention measures.

[0085] M CHEM The default value is 1. If the basic laminar burning velocity FBV is less than 45 cm / s, M CHEM =0.5; if 45cm / s≤basic laminar burning velocity FBV<75cm / s, M CHEM =1.0; if 75cm / s≤basic laminar burning velocity FBV, M CHEM =2.0.

[0086] M MAGE The following calculation method is used:

[0087] (1) When the explosion source is liquid and the amount of liquid released is known:

[0088] M MAGE =M MAG-Amount Released(liquid) =(Amount Released / 5000) 0.3 (5)

[0089] M MAG-Amount Released(liquid) It is the chemical activity factor when the explosion source is a liquid and the amount of liquid released is known.

[0090] (2) When the explosion source is liquid and the size of the liquid discharge hole is known:

[0091] M MAGE =M MAG-Hole Diameter(liquid) =(Hole Diameter) 0.6 (6)

[0092] M MAG-Hole Diameter(liquid) It is the chemical activity factor when the explosion source is liquid and the size of the liquid discharge hole is known.

[0093] (3) When the explosion source is gas and the amount of liquid released is known:

[0094] M MAGE =M MAG-Amount Released(vapor) =(Amount Released / 5000) 0.5 (7)

[0095] (4) When the explosion source is gas and the size of the liquid discharge hole is known:

[0096] M MAG-Hole Diameter(vapor) =(Hole Diameter) (8)

[0097] In formulas (5) to (8), Amount Released represents the release amount, in kg / h, and Hole Diameter represents the hole diameter, in mm. The release amount can be determined comprehensively based on the pressure, temperature, and reaction medium in the reactor.

[0098] When the range of 0.3≤discharge volume≤3 and 0.01≤discharge aperture≤2 is exceeded, the limit value is taken. For example, if the discharge volume is less than 0.3kg / h, 0.3kg / h is taken, and if the discharge volume is greater than 3kg / h, 3kg / h is taken. When both the discharge volume and the discharge aperture are known, the average of the two calculated values ​​can be taken.

[0099] If in the process area, M IN / OUT =1; if in a tank area or other remote low-density area, M IN / OUT =0.5; if indoors, M IN / OUT =1.5.

[0100] FEP can be a value predetermined based on actual experience, and PEP ranges from 0 to 1.

[0101] In step S210, the product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability is used as the explosion accident occurrence frequency of the explosion source.

[0102] That is, the frequency of explosion accidents can be calculated according to the following formula: frequency of explosion accidents = leakage frequency × weather condition probability × ignition probability × explosion probability. It can be understood that the calculation method of the frequency of explosion accidents is not limited to this, and a correction coefficient can be added to the calculation formula to obtain a more accurate frequency of explosion accidents.

[0103] Embodiment 3

[0104] The difference between this embodiment and any of the aforementioned embodiments lies in the method for determining the explosion overpressure. Other working principles and benefits are similar to those of Embodiment 1 or 2 and will not be repeated here. Figure 4 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of determining the explosion overpressure of an explosion source according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the explosion overpressure of the explosion source may be determined according to steps S402 to S408.

[0105] In step S402, the volume of the explosion source is determined.

[0106] In step S404, the explosion source energy of the explosion source is determined according to the volume of the explosion source.

[0107] The energy of the explosion source is different under different wind directions. The wind direction corresponds to the frequency of explosion accidents, so the energy of the explosion source corresponds to the frequency of explosion accidents. The energy of the explosion source is the combustion energy of the fuel-air mixture in the explosion source.

[0108] The possible leakage accidents of the explosion source are calculated to determine the amount of leaked combustible gas, which is compared with the volume of the explosion source to determine the amount of combustible gas that contributes to the explosion shock wave, and then determine the energy of the explosion source.

[0109] The explosion source can be simulated as a regular geometric body, such as a rectangular body (whose length, width, and height are measured as b1, b2, and b3 respectively), a cylinder (whose height and diameter are measured as lc and dc respectively), a sphere (whose diameter is measured as ds), etc. Then, the volume is calculated based on the parameters of the geometric body as the volume of the explosion source.

[0110] There may be many potential danger areas in the petrochemical plant area. If the distance between different danger areas is close, they may form a large explosion source. If the distance is far, they may form multiple small explosion sources. The different shapes of potential danger areas will affect whether a large explosion source is formed. When determining the volume of the explosion source, it can be determined whether it constitutes a large explosion source, and then the volume can be determined. The volume can be determined according to the following steps:

[0111] (1) Transform the equipment in the potential danger zone into basic geometric shapes: rectangle (length, width, and height are b1, b2, and b3 respectively), cylinder (height and diameter are lc and dc respectively), and sphere (diameter is ds);

[0112] (2) Assume an ignition location in the blocked area so that the direction of flame propagation relative to each device can be known; the blocked area refers to the area where an explosion accident may occur.

[0113] (3) Determine the direction of the obstruction: D1 is the minimum dimension of the device on the plane perpendicular to the flame propagation direction, and D2 is the dimension of the device parallel to the flame propagation direction (cylinder: D1 may be dc or lc, cube: D1 may be b1, b2, b3, sphere: D1 is ds);

[0114] (4) Constructing the obstructed area: For an obstacle to belong to the obstruction area, it must meet the following conditions: the distance from the center of the equipment to the center of any obstacle in the obstruction area is less than 10D1 or 1.5D2; if the obstacle is more than 25m away from the outer boundary of the obstruction area, the obstacle does not belong to the obstruction area.

[0115] (5) Define a cube: Define a cube in the blocking area, which includes all obstacles in the blocking area. The distance between any obstacle in the blocking area and the constrained surface is less than 10D1 or 1.5D2. Some tall chimneys, the upper part of the distillation tower or the pipe gallery connecting the pipelines may not belong to this area. These equipment need to form their own blocking areas.

[0116] (6) Subdivide the large cube into multiple small cubes: When defining a cube, in order to include the equipment in the obstruction area, the cube will be defined too large, including a part of the area that is completely unobstructed. The volume of this part is reduced by subdividing the large cube. The volume after subtracting this part is the volume of the explosion source.

[0117] The volume of the explosion source is actually the volume of the mixture of combustibles and air in the explosion source. The energy of the explosion source can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0118] E=aWV 爆炸源 (9)

[0119] Where: E is the energy of the explosion source, in J; V 爆炸源 is the volume of the explosion source, in m 3 ; a is the relevant constant; W is the activity factor of different materials.

[0120] In step S406, the explosion source intensity of the explosion source is determined.

[0121] The intensity of the explosion source can be determined based on its ignition energy, degree of obstruction, and degree of confinement.

[0122] When the ignition energy is less than 100mJ, it is called weak ignition energy, and vice versa, it is called strong ignition energy. Ignition energy refers to the energy of the ignition source. For example, for the same explosion source, static electricity from friction may ignite it, and it may be ignited by a match. Static electricity and matches are both ignition sources, but their ignition energies are different, and the explosion consequences they cause will also be different. Therefore, the ignition energy needs to be considered.

[0123] The degree of obstruction is determined by the situation of obstacles in the area where the explosion source is located. Strong obstruction means that the volume of the obstacles is greater than 30% of the volume of the entire obstruction area and the distance between obstacles is less than 3m; weak obstruction means that obstacles exist in the area, but the previous two conditions cannot be met at the same time.

[0124] The degree of constraint is characterized by the presence of constraint and the absence of constraint. The presence of constraint means that the combustible gas cloud of the explosion source is restricted by two or three solid surfaces; the absence of constraint means that the combustible gas cloud of the explosion source is restricted by only one surface, the ground surface.

[0125] After determining the ignition energy, degree of obstruction, and degree of constraint of the explosion source, the intensity level can be determined according to Table 1. In Table 1, the intensity level is divided into 1-10 levels, where 10 represents the highest level and 1 represents the lowest level. Here, an example is given to illustrate how to determine a specific intensity level. For example, if the ignition energy of a certain explosion source is strong ignition energy, the degree of obstruction is strong obstruction, and there is constraint, according to Table 1, it can be determined that its intensity level range is 7-10, then one level from 7-10 can be selected as the intensity level Q of the explosion source according to the actual situation.

[0126] Table 1 Explosion source intensity level judgment table

[0127]

[0128] In step S408, the explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source is determined according to the explosion source energy and the explosion source intensity. Specifically, the explosion overpressure can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0129]

[0130] Among them, P is the explosion overpressure, unit is Pa, t is the overpressure duration, unit is s; x is the coefficient related to pressure; y is the coefficient related to energy; E is the energy of the explosion source; L is the distance between the overpressure calculation point and the explosion source (i.e., the preset distance); R is the radius of the explosion source.

[0131] In formula (10), the overpressure duration t is calculated according to the following formula:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, va is the speed of sound in air, p0 is the ambient atmospheric pressure, and E is the energy of the explosion source.

[0134] In formula (10), the radius R of the explosion source is calculated according to the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] The method for calculating the explosion overpressure in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the explosion overpressure can be obtained by making slight modifications to Table 1 and formulas (10)-(12). The method for calculating the explosion overpressure described here can accurately and quickly calculate the explosion overpressure of the explosion source.

[0137] Embodiment 4

[0138] Figure 5 FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, and the method may include steps S610 to S620.

[0139] In step S610, an acceptable frequency of occurrence of explosion accidents for the explosion source of the building is obtained.

[0140] In step S620, the explosion-proof fortification value of the building is obtained according to the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an example of a blast-resistant fortification value curve for a building. Figure 6 The vertical axis is the frequency of explosion accidents, and the horizontal axis is the explosion overpressure. Different companies have different risk acceptance standards, that is, the frequency value of the vertical axis. According to the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents in their own companies, the corresponding explosion overpressure can be obtained by checking the curve chart, and the corresponding explosion overpressure can be used as the explosion fortification value of the company's building.

[0142] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, which is particularly suitable for buildings in petrochemical enterprises, because it takes into account factors such as the characteristics of petrochemical equipment and the plane layout, and can provide protection for the building in accordance with local conditions, conforming to the actual situation of the petrochemical enterprise, and facilitating engineering applications.

[0143] Embodiment 5

[0144] Figure 7FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a system for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for determining an explosion-proof defense value curve of a building, and the system may include: an explosion source determination device 810, for determining an explosion source within a preset distance of the building; an explosion accident occurrence frequency determination device 820, for determining the explosion accident occurrence frequency of the explosion source; an explosion overpressure determination device 830, for performing explosion simulation on the explosion source for different explosion accident occurrence frequencies to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source; and a curve simulation device 840, for performing curve simulation on different explosion accident occurrence frequencies and corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building.

[0145] In some optional cases, the device for determining the frequency of explosion accidents may include: a leakage frequency determination module, used to determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source; an ignition probability determination module, used to determine the ignition probability of the explosion source; a meteorological condition probability determination module, used to determine the meteorological condition probability of the area where the explosion source is located; an explosion probability determination module, used to determine the explosion probability of the explosion source; and an explosion accident frequency calculation module, used to use the product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability as the explosion accident frequency of the explosion source.

[0146] The leakage frequency determination module can determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source according to formula (1) or (2), for example.

[0147] The ignition probability determination module may first obtain the temperature of the explosion source during the process and the auto-ignition point of the explosion source, and then calculate the ignition probability of the explosion source according to formula (3).

[0148] The explosion probability determination module can calculate the explosion probability of the explosion source according to formula (4).

[0149] The explosion overpressure determination device is used to calculate the explosion overpressure of the explosion source according to the following steps: determining the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source energy of the explosion source according to the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source intensity of the explosion source; and determining the explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source according to the explosion source energy and the explosion source intensity.

[0150] The system for determining the explosion-proof defense value curve of a building provided in an embodiment of the present invention first determines the frequency of explosion accidents of explosion sources within a preset distance of the building and the overpressure of the explosion sources under different explosion accident frequencies, and then performs curve simulation on the two to obtain the explosion-proof defense value curve of the building, so that the explosion-proof defense value of the building can be quantitatively determined according to the acceptable explosion accident frequency of the building, providing a construction or renovation basis for the explosion-proof design of the building, and is also suitable for protecting the building according to local conditions.

[0151] The specific working principle and benefits of the system for determining the explosion-proof defense value curve of a building provided by an embodiment of the present invention are the same as the specific working principle and benefits of the method for determining the explosion-proof defense value curve of a building provided by any embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] Embodiment 6

[0153] Figure 8 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a system for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, the system may include: a first acquisition module 910, for acquiring an acceptable frequency of explosion accidents for the explosion source of the building; and a second acquisition module 920, for obtaining the explosion-proof fortification value of the building according to the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, wherein the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0154] The specific working principle and benefits of the system for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building provided by an embodiment of the present invention are the same as the specific working principle and benefits of the method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, on which instructions are stored, and the instructions are used to enable a machine to execute: a method for determining an explosion-resistant defense value curve of a building according to any embodiment of the present invention; and / or a method for determining an explosion-resistant defense value of a building according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0157] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0158] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0159] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0160] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0161] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0162] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0163] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0164] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building, characterized in that: The method comprises: determining the source of the explosion within a preset distance of the building; Determining the frequency of explosion accidents at the explosion source; According to different frequencies of occurrence of the explosion accident, performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source; and Conducting curve simulation for different frequencies of the explosion accidents and the corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, Wherein, for different frequencies of the explosion accident, performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source includes: determining the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source energy of the explosion source according to the volume of the explosion source; determining an explosion source intensity of the explosion source; and The explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source is determined according to the explosion source energy, the explosion source intensity, and the following formula: Among them, P is the explosion overpressure, unit is Pa, t is the overpressure duration, unit is s; x is the coefficient related to pressure; y is the coefficient related to energy; E is the energy of the explosion source; L is the distance between the overpressure calculation point and the explosion source; R is the radius of the explosion source.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the frequency of explosion accidents at the explosion source comprises: determining the leakage frequency of the explosion source; determining a probability of ignition of the explosion source; Determine the probability of meteorological conditions in the area where the explosion source is located; determining a probability of explosion of the explosion source; and The product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability is taken as the explosion accident occurrence frequency of the explosion source.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Determining the leakage frequency of the explosion source includes calculating the leakage frequency of the explosion source according to the following formula: F(d)(a+cV n )d m / b F(d1-d2)=F(d1)-F(d2) Wherein, F(d) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture of not less than d, in times / year; F(d1-d2) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture ranging from d1 to d2, in times / year; V represents the volume of the explosion source, in mm 3 ; d, d1, d2 are the leakage hole diameters, d1≤d2, and the unit is mm; a, b, c, n, m represent constants related to the explosion source and leakage scenario, respectively.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the ignition probability of the explosion source includes: Obtaining the temperature of the explosion source during the process and the auto-ignition point of the explosion source; The ignition probability of the explosion source is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein, pai is the ignition probability, T is the temperature of the explosion source during the process, and AIT is the auto-ignition point of the explosion source.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the explosion probability of the explosion source includes calculating the explosion probability according to the following formula: POEGD=0.3×M CHEM ×M MAGE ×M IN / OUT ×FEP Wherein, POEGD is the explosion probability, M CHEM is the chemical activity factor, M MAGE is the release size factor, M IN / OUT is the indoor and outdoor factor, and FEP is the failure probability of explosion prevention measures.

6. A method for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining an acceptable explosion accident frequency for an explosion source of the building; and The explosion-proof fortification value of the building is obtained according to the acceptable frequency of occurrence of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, wherein the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A system for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building, characterized in that: The system comprises: An explosion source determination device, used to determine the explosion source within a preset distance of the building; An explosion accident occurrence frequency determination device, used to determine the explosion accident occurrence frequency of the explosion source; an explosion overpressure determination device, for performing explosion simulation on the explosion source to determine different explosion overpressures of the explosion source according to different frequencies of occurrence of the explosion accident; and The curve simulation device is used to simulate the curves of different explosion accident occurrence frequencies and corresponding different explosion overpressures to obtain the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building. The explosion overpressure determination device is used to calculate the explosion overpressure of the explosion source according to the following steps: determining the volume of the explosion source; determining the explosion source energy of the explosion source according to the volume of the explosion source; determining an explosion source intensity of the explosion source; and The explosion overpressure at the preset distance from the explosion source is determined according to the explosion source energy, the explosion source intensity, and the following formula: Among them, P is the explosion overpressure, unit is Pa, t is the overpressure duration, unit is s; x is the coefficient related to pressure; y is the coefficient related to energy; E is the energy of the explosion source; L is the distance between the overpressure calculation point and the explosion source; R is the radius of the explosion source.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The explosion accident occurrence frequency determination device comprises: A leakage frequency determination module, used to determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source; An ignition probability determination module, used to determine the ignition probability of the explosion source; A meteorological condition probability determination module, used to determine the meteorological condition probability of the area where the explosion source is located; an explosion probability determination module, used to determine the explosion probability of the explosion source; and The explosion accident occurrence frequency calculation module is used to take the product of the leakage frequency, the ignition probability, the meteorological condition probability, and the explosion probability as the explosion accident occurrence frequency of the explosion source.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The leakage frequency determination module is used to determine the leakage frequency of the explosion source according to the following formula: F(d)(a+cV n )d m / b F(d1-d2)=F(d1)-F(d2) Wherein, F(d) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture of not less than d, in times / year; F(d1-d2) represents the frequency of the explosion source leaking with an aperture ranging from d1 to d2, in times / year; V represents the volume of the explosion source, in mm 3 ; d, d1, d2 are the leakage hole diameters, d1≤d2, and the unit is mm; a, b, c, n, m represent constants related to the explosion source and leakage scenario, respectively.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The ignition probability determination module is used to determine the ignition probability of the explosion source according to the following steps: Obtaining the temperature of the explosion source during the process and the auto-ignition point of the explosion source; The ignition probability of the explosion source is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein, pai is the ignition probability, T is the temperature of the explosion source during the process, and AIT is the auto-ignition point of the explosion source.

11. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The explosion probability determination module calculates the explosion probability according to the following formula: POEGD=0.3×M CHEM ×M MAGE ×M IN / OUT ×FEP Wherein, POEGD is the explosion probability, M CHEM is the chemical activity factor, M MAGE is the release size factor, M IN / OUT is the indoor and outdoor factor, and FEP is the failure probability of explosion prevention measures.

12. A system for determining the explosion-proof fortification value of a building, characterized in that: The system comprises: A first acquisition module is used to acquire an acceptable frequency of explosion accidents for the explosion source of the building; and The second acquisition module is used to obtain the explosion-proof fortification value of the building according to the acceptable frequency of explosion accidents and the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building, wherein the explosion-proof fortification value curve of the building is obtained according to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

13. A machine-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing the machine to execute: a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value curve of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 5; and / or a method for determining an explosion-proof fortification value of a building according to claim 6.

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