A fast-switching structure

Abstract

A fast-switching structure includes a housing and a conductor passing through the housing; the housing includes a first housing accommodating an excitation source and a power device, and a second housing for the disconnection part of the conductor to slide off. The excitation source receives an excitation signal to generate a driving force, which can drive the power device to disconnect the conductor; the contact surfaces of the first housing and the second housing are arranged as mutually matching concave-convex structures, the conductor is arranged between the first housing and the second housing and is positioned by a limiting structure, and an exhaust structure communicating with the outside is arranged on the first housing and the second housing. The fast-switch of the present invention has few components, is simple and convenient to assemble, has good insulation performance, is light in weight and small in volume.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of power control and electric vehicles, and particularly belongs to the housing structure of a switching device for circuit protection and control. Background Art

[0002] At present, in addition to traditional thermal fuses, there already exists a switch for quickly cutting off a circuit in power control and electric vehicle protection devices. As a new type of fast and effective protection device, this switch is gradually expanding its application scope and application fields. The fast switch is an excitation protection device, that is, within a short time, an excitation source is used to drive an insulating power device to disconnect the conductor connected to the circuit to form a physical break, thereby cutting off the circuit. The basic structure of a conventional fast switch consists of an insulating housing and an excitation source, a power device, and a conductor that are sequentially arranged in the housing, and the power device is located between the excitation source and the conductor. Currently, an electrically triggered pyrotechnic gas generator is mostly used as the excitation source. After the pyrotechnic gas generator is triggered, high-pressure gunpowder gas is generated to drive the power device to disconnect the conductor.

[0003] Patent document CN201921590330.5 describes the structure of an externally driven fast switch of the above type. The structure described therein includes an upper second housing, an excitation source and a piston (i.e., the power device) arranged inside the first housing, and a conductive plate (i.e., the conductor) located between the first housing and the second housing. A cushion block is separately arranged at the bottom of the accommodating cavity of the second housing. The function of the cushion block is to absorb the residual impact energy after the movement of the power device and to provide a certain support for the conductor. The disadvantages of this structure are as follows: while absorbing the residual energy, the cushion block may break itself, resulting in small broken pieces falling out from the exhaust channel at the bottom of the accommodating cavity of the second housing, which may affect other devices in the use space; the structure of the cushion block is relatively complex, and its volume is relatively small compared to the housing, making it difficult to assemble, and it is extremely easy to be missed during assembly, resulting in the product not achieving the expected effect. In addition, the second housing does not sufficiently limit the conductor, which may allow the conductor to still be assembled on the second housing after rotating 180 degrees, or may allow the conductor to still shake after being assembled with the second housing, thereby reducing the reliability of the fast switch. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast switch structure with fewer components, simple and fast assembly, light weight, and small volume.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a fast-switching structure, which includes a housing and a conductor passing through the housing; the housing includes a first housing accommodating an excitation source and a power device, and a second housing for the disconnected part of the conductor to slide off. The excitation source receives an excitation signal to generate a driving force, which can drive the power device to disconnect the conductor; the contact surface between the first housing and the second housing is set as a mutually matching concave-convex structure, the conductor is arranged between the first housing and the second housing and is positioned by a limiting structure, and an exhaust structure communicating with the outside is provided on the first housing and the second housing.

[0006] Preferably, the conductor is in a long strip plate-like structure, and positioning notches are spaced apart on the opposite two sides of the conductor located between the first housing and the second housing.

[0007] Preferably, limiting structures for positioning the conductor are respectively provided at the end faces of the first housing and the second housing at the positions corresponding to the notches of the conductor.

[0008] Preferably, positioning posts and fixing holes are respectively provided on the contact surfaces of the first housing and the second housing on the opposite two sides of the cavity through which the power device passes; the positioning post on the first housing is docked with the fixing hole on the second housing, and the fixing hole is docked with the positioning post on the second housing; through holes matching the shapes of the positioning posts are respectively provided on the conductor corresponding to the positioning posts; the positioning posts pass through the through holes of the conductor and are docked with the fixing holes; the shapes of the positioning posts on the first housing and the second housing are different.

[0009] Preferably, two groups of installation and fixing holes for connecting and fixing the first housing and the second housing are respectively provided on the first housing and the second housing; one of each group of installation and fixing holes is located on the first housing, and the other is located at the corresponding position of the second housing; in each group of installation and fixing holes, one is a stepped hole, and the other is a boss hole matching the stepped hole.

[0010] Preferably, the exhaust structure includes a first exhaust channel provided on the first housing and a second exhaust channel provided on the second housing; one end of the first exhaust channel is open and docked and communicated with the second exhaust channel, and the other opening is communicated with an exhaust groove provided on the cavity wall of the first housing cavity; the second exhaust channel is communicated with the outside of the housing; before the power device is in the initial position and the conductor is disconnected, the exhaust groove is not communicated with the cavity between the power device and the excitation source.

[0011] Preferably, a filter grid is provided in the second exhaust channel.

[0012] Preferably, several reinforcing ribs are spaced apart on the outer peripheral surface of the first housing.

[0013] Preferably, several third exhaust channels arranged in a grid pattern are spaced apart at the bottom of the cavity of the second housing, and energy-absorbing ribs are provided at the bottom of the cavity on one side of the third exhaust channels.

[0014] Preferably, the height of the third exhaust passage gradually decreases from one side of the conductor disconnection to the other side.

[0015] Preferably, on the opposite sides of the cavities of the first housing and the second housing, there are connected sliding grooves. At one end of the sliding groove of the first housing close to the conductor, there is a limit notch for defining the initial position of the power device. On the sliding groove of the second housing, there is a limit step for restricting the dead point position of the power device. The size of the sliding groove of the second housing continuously decreases along the moving direction of the power device.

[0016] Preferably, at one end of the cavity of the second housing close to the conductor, there is a limit step, and the conductor part located in the cavity is bent into a concave structure and placed at the limit step.

[0017] Preferably, on the opposite sides of the cavity at the contact surface between the first housing and the second housing, there are arc-shaped ridges for increasing the sealing distance.

[0018] The fast-switch housing structure of the present invention is composed of a first housing and a second housing formed by injection molding. An excitation source, a power device, a gland, and a conductor are assembled to form a fast switch. The positioning, sealing between the first housing and the second housing, and the positioning of the conductor are realized through the concave-convex structure at the contact surface between the first housing and the second housing, avoiding the use of a sealing device; through the U-shaped structure of the conductor, the disconnection part of the conductor is located in the cavity of the second housing, and the conductor is pressed in the cavity of the second housing by the pressing ridges, further realizing the sealing of the disconnection part of the conductor to prevent the electric arc from flying out of the contact surface between the first housing and the second housing; the positioning of the conductor is further realized through the conductor notch and the limiting structure of the first housing and the second housing for the conductor notch; by integrally forming an energy-absorbing rib at the bottom of the second housing, the additional use of a buffer pad is avoided; through the nested design of the boss hole and the stepped hole of the connection fixing hole, the insulation performance is improved when the first housing and the second housing are connected and fixed; through the reinforcing rib structure provided on the first housing and the plurality of process holes provided outside the bottom of the second housing, the overall weight of the fast switch is reduced. The fast switch of the present invention has few components, is simple and convenient to assemble, has good insulation performance, is light in weight, and is small in size. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the whole fast switch.

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the whole fast switch.

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structure diagram of the first housing.

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structure diagram of the first housing.

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the end face structure where the first housing contacts the second housing.

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the conductor structure.

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second housing.

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the end face structure where the second housing contacts the first housing.

[0027] Figure 9 is Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the A-A sectional structure in

[0028] Figure 10 is Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the B-B sectional structure in Detailed implementation manners

[0029] For the above technical solutions, specific descriptions will be given in combination with the drawings.

[0030] Refer to Figures 1 to 2 , the quick switch includes a first housing 10, a second housing 20 and a conductor 30. The first housing 10 and the second housing 20 are butted, the conductor 30 is arranged between the contact surfaces of the first housing 10 and the second housing 20, and both ends of the conductor 30 are located outside the housing.

[0031] The housing includes a butted first housing 10 and a second housing 20. The first housing 10 and the second housing 20 are injection molded, and the material is an insulating material. Refer to Figures 3 to 5 , a cavity 101 penetrating the upper and lower end faces is provided on the first housing 10. A stepped hole is arranged at the end of the cavity 101 away from the second housing, and an excitation source 40 is installed in the stepped hole. The excitation source 40 is in sealed contact with the cavity. The sealed contact can be achieved by interference fit or by setting a seal between the contact surfaces.

[0032] A cover plate 112 is arranged on the first housing 10 outside the excitation source to press the excitation source 40 and fix it in the cavity 101. One end of the excitation source 40 receiving the excitation signal can be connected to the outside of the housing. In this embodiment, the excitation source is a gas generating device, which acts after receiving the excitation signal, ignites to generate a large amount of high-pressure gas for driving the power device 50.

[0033] Vertically extending sliding grooves 113 are formed on opposite sides of the cavity 101 near the conductor 30, and a limiting notch 113a is formed at one end of each sliding groove 113 close to the conductor. At the position of the power device 50 corresponding to the sliding groove 113, a protruding rib is formed and engaged in the sliding groove 113. On both sides of the protruding rib near the impact end, corresponding limiting protrusions are provided at positions corresponding to the limiting notches 113a. The power device 50 is installed into the cavity 101 in the first housing 10 from one end of the contact surface between the first housing 10 and the second housing 20, such that the protruding rib of the power device is engaged in the sliding groove 113 and the limiting protrusion is located at the limiting notch 113a, and the power device 50 is installed in an interference fit with the cavity 101 of the first housing 10.

[0034] The power device has a T-shaped structure, and a groove is formed on the end face of the power device near the excitation source. After the second housing and the first housing are assembled, the end face of the second housing and the limiting notch 113a form a limiting groove to realize the initial position limitation of the power device.

[0035] The first housing 10 is provided with a base 102 of a certain thickness starting from the contact surface with the second housing 20. A plurality of vertically extending reinforcing ribs 103 are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral surface of the first housing 10, and one end of each reinforcing rib is integrally connected to the base 102. The combination of the base and the reinforcing ribs is used to ensure the sufficient strength of the first housing while reducing the weight of the first housing. Mounting stud holes 111 are provided on opposite sides of the first housing 10 for fixedly connecting the first housing and the second housing.

[0036] The conductor 30, see Figure 6 , made of a conductive material, has a rigid strip-shaped structure. The conductor portion located in the cavity is bent into a concave structure. The width of the conductor portion located in the cavity is smaller than the width of the conductor portions on both sides of the cavity. Disconnection weak points 301 and rotation weak points 302 are provided on the conductor at the concave structure. Notches 303 are respectively formed on both sides of the conductor portions on both sides of the cavity. V-shaped grooves are respectively formed at opposite positions on the upper and lower surfaces of the conductor to form the disconnection weak points. The purpose of the disconnection weak points is to reduce the mechanical strength of the conductor and facilitate the power device to disconnect the conductor. It can be a groove, a reduced cross-section structure, a row of through-hole structures, or other structures that can reduce the mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of the rotation weak points is higher than that of the disconnection weak points. The purpose is that after the conductor is disconnected, the disconnected part of the conductor can slide with the rotation weak point as the fulcrum, and it is generally a groove structure. Through holes 304 and 305 for fixing the conductor are formed on the conductor 30. The through hole 304 is a round hole, while the through hole 305 is an oblong hole. The through hole 304 can be penetrated by the positioning post 110, and the through hole 305 can be penetrated by the positioning post 214. The through holes 304 and 305 and their corresponding positioning posts are set in different shapes to prevent misinstallation of the conductor.

[0037] On the end face where the first housing 10 contacts the second housing 20, there is a receiving groove 104 for receiving the conductor 30 and a mounting groove 105 perpendicular to the receiving groove 104; the intersecting receiving groove 104 and mounting groove 105 form four protruding portions 108 on the end face of the first housing. A limiting groove 104a is provided at the edge corresponding to the conductor notch 303 on the receiving groove 104. Fixing holes 109 and circular positioning posts 110 are respectively provided on the receiving grooves 104 on both sides of the cavity 101, and fixing holes are provided in the positioning posts 110; the fixing holes 109 and the fixing holes in the positioning posts 110 penetrate through the base 102 of the first housing 10 and are located between two adjacent reinforcing ribs 103.

[0038] Connecting fixing holes 106 are respectively provided in the mounting grooves 105 on both sides of the cavity 101, and the connecting fixing holes 106 are boss holes. Arc-shaped convex ribs 114 consistent with the shape of the cavity edge are provided at the edges on both sides of the cavity 101 in the receiving groove 104, and both ends of the arc-shaped convex ribs 114 are provided with limiting block structures 114a. By the cooperation of the arc-shaped convex ribs and the inner cavity wall of the second housing, the sealing distance is lengthened to help seal the internal space of the housing, so that the high-pressure gas does not leak from the assembly position of the first housing and the second housing as much as possible.

[0039] First exhaust channels 107 are provided at four positions where the mounting groove 105 and the receiving groove 104 intersect, and the first exhaust channels are communicated with exhaust grooves 107a provided on the cavity wall of the cavity 101. When the power device is in the initial position and before the conductor is disconnected, the exhaust groove 107a is not communicated with the cavity between the power device and the excitation source. Only after the high-pressure gas generated by the excitation source drives the conductor to be disconnected and the end face of the power device close to the excitation source moves to the exhaust groove 107a, the high-pressure gas will enter the first exhaust channel through the exhaust groove.

[0040] The second housing 20, see Figures 7 to 10 , is provided with an upward-opening cavity 201, the cavity 201 is communicated with the cavity 101 of the first housing, and the width of the cavity 201 is slightly larger than the width of the conductor part passing through the cavity. A limiting groove 201a for accommodating the width change of the conductor is provided at the cavity wall of the cavity 201 where the conductor 30 is bent.

[0041] On the end face of the second housing 20 in contact with the first housing 10, there are provided a groove portion 202 matching the accommodation groove 104 and a protrusion portion 203 matching the mounting groove 105. The outer side where the groove portion 202 and the protrusion portion 203 intersect is a step portion 204 matching the protrusion portion 108 of the first housing. The height of the step portion 204 is lower than the height of the protrusion portion 203 and higher than the height of the groove portion 202. Through the matching accommodation groove 104 and groove portion 202, mounting groove 105 and protrusion portion 203, and protrusion portion 108 and step portion 204, an uneven structure is formed between the contact surfaces of the first housing 10 and the second housing 20. Through the uneven structure of the contact surfaces of the first housing and the second housing, the sealing and position limitation of the first housing and the second housing are realized, and the relative rotation between the first housing and the second housing can be prevented.

[0042] At a position corresponding to the positioning groove 104a on the end face of the second housing in contact with the first housing, a corresponding positioning protrusion 205 is provided. The positioning groove 104a and the positioning protrusion 205 form a limiting structure for the conductor 30.

[0043] At a position corresponding to the exhaust passage 107 on the second housing 20, a second exhaust passage 206 penetrating the second housing is provided. A filter grid 207 is arranged in the second exhaust passage 206. The maximum spacing of the filter grid is less than 1 mm, enabling the product to meet IP4X. Limiting steps 208 are arranged on opposite sides of the cavity 201 for supporting the conductor 30. The limiting steps 208 are adjacent to the groove portion 202. At a position corresponding to the sliding groove 113 of the first housing cavity 101 on the cavity 201 of the second housing, a sliding groove 209 docked with the sliding groove 113 is provided. The size of the sliding groove 209 continuously decreases from the contact surface with the first housing to the dead center of motion, for retarding the motion speed of the power device in the cavity. After the conductor is disconnected, the motion speed of the power device is gradually reduced, consuming kinetic energy until it stops moving when reaching the dead center position. At the bottom of the cavity 201, that is, at the bottom of the second housing 20, several third exhaust passages 210 are provided. The height of the third exhaust passages 210 gradually decreases from the side where the conductor is disconnected to the other side. The purpose of the gradual decrease of the third exhaust passages is to conform to the motion trajectory of the disconnected part of the conductor after the conductor is disconnected, enabling the arc of the disconnected part of the conductor to enter each of the third exhaust passages in segments for arc extinguishing, and at the same time, the third exhaust passages discharge the excess high-pressure gas.

[0044] Starting from one side wall at the bottom of the cavity, several energy absorption ribs 211 are also provided. The energy absorption ribs 211 are located on one side of the third exhaust passage 210. A limiting step 212 is arranged outside the sliding groove 209 of the second housing, and the limiting step 212 is used to help support the power device moving to the dead center position and help absorb the remaining energy of the power device after disconnecting the conductor.

[0045] On the end face of the second housing, corresponding to the position of the connection and fixing hole 106 of the first housing, there is a corresponding connection and fixing hole 213, and the connection and fixing hole 213 is a stepped hole matching the boss hole of the connection and fixing hole 106; on the end face of the second housing, corresponding to the position of the fixing hole 109 of the first housing, there is a positioning post 214, and the positioning post 214 is a long cylindrical structure; corresponding to the position of the positioning post 110, there is a fixing hole 215. After the first housing 10, the conductor 30 and the second housing 20 are assembled, the boss hole of the connection and fixing hole 106 is inserted into the stepped hole of the connection and fixing hole 213, and when assembling connection fasteners such as bolts in the connection and fixing hole, an insulated connection can be formed with the conductor; the fixing hole 109 and the positioning post 214 are docked, and the positioning post 110 and the fixing hole 215 are docked to form an insulated connection.

[0046] On the bottom outside the second housing, several process holes 216 are provided, which can form a uniform wall thickness while reducing the weight of the second housing.

[0047] Installation of this embodiment: Place the conductor 30 on the second housing 20. The concave part of the conductor 30 is placed at the limit step 208 in the cavity 201, and the conductor parts on both sides of the concave structure are placed on the groove part 202. The positioning post 214 passes through the through hole 305 on the conductor 30; Install the power device into the first housing cavity 101 by interference fit from the lower end face of the first housing 10, so that the convex ribs of the power device are clamped in the sliding groove 113; Place the first housing 10 on the second housing and the conductor. The concave and convex structures of the contact surface between the second housing and the first housing are nested and matched to achieve sealing of the contact surface. The conductor is placed in the receiving groove 104 and the groove part 202, the positioning convex block 205 is clamped in the positioning groove 104a, the positioning post 110 passes through the conductor through hole 304 and is docked with the fixing hole 215, and the positioning post 214 passes through the through hole 305 of the conductor and is docked with the fixing hole 109 to position the conductor respectively. Since both the positioning post 214 and the through hole 305 on the conductor are oblong structures, and both the positioning post 110 and the through hole 304 of the conductor are circular holes, this structure can prevent incorrect installation of the conductor.

[0048] The connection and fixing holes 106 of the first housing are inserted into the connection and fixing holes 213 of the second housing; then the excitation source 40 is installed at the stepped hole of the cavity 101, the gland 112 is pressed, and then the screw 230 passes through the mounting post hole 111, the fixed connection hole 106 and the fixed connection hole 213 to fixedly connect the gland 112, the first housing 10 and the second housing 20; the connection and fixing holes 106 between the contact surfaces are inserted into the connection and fixing holes 213 to achieve insulation between the screw 230 and the conductor 30. The screws 231 pass through the positioning posts 110, the positioning posts 214, the fixing holes 109 and the fixing holes 215 respectively to fix the conductor between the first housing and the second housing, and the insulation between the screw 231 and the conductor is achieved through the cooperation of the positioning posts and the fixing holes. After the installation is completed, the first exhaust passage 107 and the second exhaust passage 206 are butted to form a complete exhaust passage, which is communicated with the exhaust groove 107a of the first housing. The exhaust passage discharges the gunpowder gas separately, reduces the pollution to the copper bus chamber, and improves the insulation ability.

[0049] The excitation source receives the excitation signal and acts to generate high-pressure gas to drive the power device, and the power device moves to disconnect the conductor; when the power device moves to expose the exhaust groove 107a, most of the high-pressure gas enters the first exhaust passage and the second exhaust passage through the exhaust groove 107a and then is discharged outside the housing. After the power device moves to the dead point position, the position is limited by the undeformed part of the concave structure of the conductor and the limiting step 212, and the remaining energy of the power device is absorbed by the energy-absorbing ribs and the limiting step; the gas entering the second housing is discharged through the third exhaust passage at the bottom.

Claims

1. A fast-switching structure, comprising a housing and a conductor passing through the housing; the housing includes a first housing accommodating an excitation source and a power device, and a second housing for the disconnection part of the conductor to slide off. The excitation source receives an excitation signal to generate a driving force, which can drive the power device to disconnect the conductor; characterized in that, The contact surfaces of the first shell and the second shell are configured as mutually matching concave-convex structures, the conductor is arranged between the first shell and the second shell and positioned by a limiting structure, and an exhaust structure communicating with the outside is arranged on the first shell and the second shell; the exhaust structure includes a first exhaust channel arranged on the first shell and a second exhaust channel on the second shell; One end opening of the first exhaust channel is connected to the second exhaust channel, and the other opening is connected to an exhaust groove arranged on the cavity wall of the first shell; the second exhaust channel is connected to the outside of the shell; when the power device is in the initial position and before the conductor is disconnected, the exhaust groove is not connected to the cavity between the power device and the excitation source.

2. The fast-switching structure according to claim 1, wherein The conductor is a long plate-shaped structure, and positioning notches are spaced apart at two opposite sides of the conductor between the first shell and the second shell.

3. The fast-switching structure according to claim 2, wherein, Limiting structures for positioning the conductor are respectively arranged at the end surfaces of the first shell and the second shell at the position of the notch relative to the conductor.

4. The fast-switching structure according to claim 2, wherein Positioning posts and fixing holes are respectively arranged on the contact surfaces of the first shell and the second shell on opposite sides of the cavity through which the power device passes; the positioning posts on the first shell are connected with the fixing holes on the second shell, and the fixing holes are connected with the positioning posts of the second shell; through holes matching the shapes of the positioning posts are respectively opened on the conductors corresponding to the positioning posts; the positioning posts pass through the through holes of the conductors and are connected with the fixing holes; the positioning posts on the first shell and the second shell have different shapes.

5. The fast-switching structure according to claim 1, wherein Two groups of mounting and fixing holes for connecting and fixing the first shell and the second shell are respectively provided on the first shell and the second shell; one of the mounting and fixing holes in each group is located on the first shell, and the other is located at a corresponding position of the second shell; in each group of mounting and fixing holes, one is a step hole, and the other is a boss hole matching the step hole.

6. The fast-switching structure according to claim 1, wherein A filter grid is arranged in the second exhaust passage.

7. The fast-switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral surface of the first shell.

8. The quick-switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of third exhaust passages arranged in a grid pattern are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the second shell cavity, and energy absorbing ribs are arranged at the bottom of the cavity on one side of the third exhaust passage.

9. The quick-switching structure according to claim 8, wherein The height of the third exhaust channel gradually decreases from the conductor disconnection side to the other side.

10. The quick-switching structure according to claim 9, wherein Connected slide grooves are arranged on opposite sides of the first shell and the second shell cavity. A limiting notch for limiting the initial position of the power device is arranged on the first shell slide groove near one end of the conductor. A limiting step for limiting the dead point position of the power device is arranged on the second shell slide groove. The size of the second shell slide groove continuously decreases along the direction of movement of the power device.

11. The quick-switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting step is arranged at one end of the second shell cavity close to the conductor, and the conductor portion located at the cavity is bent into a concave structure and accommodated at the limiting step.

12. The fast-switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Arc-shaped convex ridges for lengthening the sealing distance are arranged at the edges of the two opposite sides of the cavity at the contact surface between the first shell and the second shell.

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