Frequency Division Duplexing in Unpaired Spectrum

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration. The UE may communicate using the FDD configuration. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 856,690, filed on June 3, 2019, entitled "FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING IN UNPAIRED SPECTRUM", and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 16 / 890,723, filed on June 2, 2020, entitled "FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING IN UNPAIRED SPECTRUM", which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0003] Field of Disclosure

[0004] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly, to techniques and apparatus for frequency division duplexing (FDD) in unpaired spectrum.

[0005] Background

[0006] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ a multiple access technology that is capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is an enhanced set of mobile standards for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0007] A wireless communication network may include several base stations (BSs) capable of supporting communication for several user equipments (UEs). A user equipment (UE) may communicate with a base station (BS) via a downlink and an uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a B node, gNB, access point (AP), radio head, transmission reception point (TRP), new radio (NR) BS, 5G B node, and so on.

[0008] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user equipments to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. New Radio (NR), which may also be referred to as 5G, is an enhanced set of the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrums, and using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), and supporting beamforming, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation to better integrate with other open standards. However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, there is a need for further improvement of LTE and NR technologies. Preferably, these improvements should be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

[0009] Overview

[0010] In some aspects, a wireless communication method performed by a User Equipment (UE) may include: receiving an indication that the UE will use a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) configuration to communicate on an unpaired frequency band, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and communicating using the FDD configuration.

[0011] In some aspects, a wireless communication method performed by a base station may include: transmitting an indication that a UE will use an FDD configuration to communicate on an unpaired frequency band, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and communicating with the UE using the FDD configuration.

[0012] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory. The memory and the one or more processors may be configured to receive an indication that the UE will use an FDD configuration to communicate on an unpaired frequency band, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region; and communicate using the FDD configuration.

[0013] In some aspects, a base station for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory. The memory and the one or more processors may be configured to transmit an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and communicate with the UE using the FDD configuration.

[0014] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a base station, may cause the one or more processors to: receive an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and communicate using the FDD configuration.

[0015] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a base station, may cause the one or more processors to: transmit an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and communicate with the UE using the FDD configuration.

[0016] In some aspects, a device for wireless communication may include: means for receiving an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and means for communicating using the FDD configuration.

[0017] In some aspects, a device for wireless communication may include: means for transmitting an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; and means for communicating with the UE using the FDD configuration.

[0018] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus (devices), systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices, and / or processing systems substantially as described herein with reference to the figures and as illustrated in the figures.

[0019] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples in accordance with the present disclosure in an effort to enable the following detailed description to be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes as the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, in terms of both their organization and method of operation, as well as the associated advantages, will be better understood upon consideration of the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not to define a limitation of the claims. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] To understand in detail the features set forth above of the present disclosure, a more specific description may be made with reference to the various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the drawings. It should be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and should not be considered to limit its scope, as the description may admit of other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0022] Figure 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a base station and a UE in communication in a wireless communication network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3A is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a frame structure in a wireless communication network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 3B is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a synchronization communication layer in a wireless communication network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a call flow for implementing an FDD configuration on unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of another call flow for implementing an FDD configuration on unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figures 6 - 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an FDD configuration on unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 17FIG. is an illustration of an example process performed, for example, by a user equipment in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 18 FIG. is an illustration of an example process performed, for example, by a base station in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Detailed Description

[0032] Aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of the aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice a method. Additionally, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functionality, or a combination of structures and functionality that supplement or are additional to the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more elements of a claim.

[0033] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in detail hereinafter and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0034] It should be noted that although aspects may be described herein using terminology typically associated with 3G and / or 4G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applied in other generation-based communication systems such as 5G and later generations, including NR technologies.

[0035] Figure 1FIG. 0 is a diagram illustrating a wireless network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced. The wireless network 100 may be an LTE network or some other wireless network, such as a 5G or NR network. The wireless network 100 may include several BSs 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UE) and may also be referred to as a base station, NR BS, Node B, gNB, 5G Node B (NB), access point, transmission reception point (TRP), etc. Each BS may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of a BS and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0036] A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs having a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs having a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may allow restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. In the Figure 1 example shown in FIG. 5, BS 110a may be a macro BS for macro cell 102a, BS 110b may be a pico BS for pico cell 102b, and BS 110c may be a femto BS for femto cell 102c. A BS may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. The terms "eNB", "base station", "NR BS", "gNB", "TRP", "AP", "Node B", "5G NB", and "cell" may be used interchangeably herein.

[0037] In some aspects, a cell may not have to be stationary, and the geographic area of a cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS. In some aspects, BSs may be interconnected with each other and / or with one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, and / or analogs using any suitable transport network.

[0038] The wireless network 100 may also include a relay station. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send the transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station can also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In Figure 1 In the example shown in Figure 1 , the relay station 110d can communicate with the macro BS 110a and the UE 120d to facilitate communication between the BS 110a and the UE 120d. A relay station can also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay base station, a relay, etc.

[0039] The wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of BSs (e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc.). These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro BS may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0040] The network controller 130 can be coupled to a set of BSs and can provide coordination and control of these BSs. The network controller 130 can communicate with each BS via a backhaul. These BSs can also communicate with each other directly or indirectly, e.g., via a wireless or wired backhaul.

[0041] The UEs 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) can be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE can be stationary or mobile. A UE can also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, a ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device (smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0042] Some UEs may be considered machine type communication (MTC) UEs, or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., which may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide connectivity to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) or provide connectivity to the network via a wired or wireless communication link, for example. Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices. Some UEs may be considered customer premise equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component, a memory component, etc.

[0043] Generally, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. The RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc. The frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, an NR or 5G RAT network may be deployed.

[0044] In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., communicate with each other without using base station 110 as an intermediary). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, etc.), mesh networks, etc. In this case, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by base station 110.

[0045] As indicated above, Figure 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may be different from the example regarding Figure 1 described.

[0046] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a design 200 of base station 110 and UE 120, and base station 110 and UE 120 may be Figure 1One of the base stations and one of the UEs in. The base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a to 234t, and the UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a to 252r, where generally T≥1 and R≥1.

[0047] At the base station 110, the transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from the data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE at least in part based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) received from each UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE at least in part based on the MCS selected for each UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRSs)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSSs) and secondary synchronization signals (SSSs)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols when applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. Each modulator 232 may process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from the modulators 232a to 232t may be transmitted via the T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively. According to various aspects described in more detail below, position coding may be utilized to generate synchronization signals to convey additional information.

[0048] At the UE 120, antennas 252a through 252r may receive downlink signals from the base station 110 and / or other base stations and may provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMOD) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols when applicable, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine the reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), etc. In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing.

[0049] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266 when applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 110. At the base station 110, the uplink signals from the UE 120 and other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the demodulator 232, detected by the MIMO detector 236 when applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain the decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The base station 110 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0050] The controller / processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2Any other component(s) thereof may perform one or more techniques associated with frequency division duplexing in unpaired spectrum, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component(s) thereof may perform or direct operations of, for example Figure 17 Process 1700, Figure 18 Process 1800, and / or other processes as described herein. The memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 110 and the UE 120, respectively. The scheduler 246 may schedule the UE for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0051] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include means for receiving an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplexing (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; means for communicating using the FDD configuration; means for communicating in full-duplex mode, wherein the UE transmits on the at least one uplink frequency region while simultaneously receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; means for communicating in half-duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the UE is capable of receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region at a given time; means for performing cross-link interference management in conjunction with communicating using the FDD configuration; means for receiving an indication that the base station is capable of transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region while simultaneously receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region; means for receiving an indication that the base station is not capable of transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region while simultaneously receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region; means for receiving dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration; and so on. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of the UE 120 in conjunction with Figure 2 as described.

[0052] In some aspects, the base station 110 may include means for transmitting an indication that a user equipment (UE) will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; means for communicating with the UE using the FDD configuration; means for communicating in a full-duplex mode, wherein the base station receives on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously transmits in the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration; means for communicating in a half-duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the base station is capable of receiving on the at least one uplink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one downlink frequency region at a given time; means for performing inter-base-station interference management with a second base station based at least in part on the respective FDD configurations of the base station and the second base station; means for transmitting dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration; means for transmitting scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration; and so on. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of the base station 110 described in conjunction with Figure 2 as described above.

[0053] As indicated above, Figure 2 is provided by way of example. Other examples may be different from the examples described with respect to Figure 2 as described above.

[0054] Figure 3A FIG. 300 shows an example frame structure for frequency division duplex (FDD) in a telecommunication system (e.g., NR). The transmission timeline for each of the downlink and uplink may be divided into units of radio frames (sometimes referred to as frames). Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)) and may be divided into a set of Z (Z≥1) subframes (e.g., having indices 0 to Z−1). Each subframe may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 1 ms) and may include a set of time slots (e.g., as shown in Figure 3A shows 2 m time slots per subframe, where m is a parameter design for transmission, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). Each time slot may include a set of L symbol periods. For example, each time slot may include fourteen symbol periods (e.g., as shown in Figure 3A ), seven symbol periods, or another number of symbol periods. In the case where a subframe includes two time slots (e.g., when m = 1), the subframe may include 2L symbol periods, where the 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices 0 to 2L–1. In some aspects, the scheduling unit for FDD may be frame-based, subframe-based, time-slot-based, symbol-based, and so on.

[0055] Although some techniques are described herein in connection with frames, sub - frames, time slots, etc., these techniques are equally applicable to other types of wireless communication structures that may be referred to in 5G NR using terms other than "frame", "sub - frame", "time slot", etc. In some aspects, a wireless communication structure may refer to a periodically time - bounded communication unit defined by a wireless communication standard and / or protocol. Additionally or alternatively, wireless communication structure configurations different from those shown in Figure 3A may be used.

[0056] In certain telecommunications (e.g., NR), a base station may transmit synchronization signals. For example, a base station may transmit a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), etc. on the downlink for each cell supported by the base station. The PSS and SSS may be used by a UE for cell search and capture. For example, the PSS may be used by the UE to determine symbol timing, and the SSS may be used by the UE to determine the physical cell identifier associated with the base station and frame timing. The base station may also transmit a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The PBCH may carry some system information, such as system information that supports the initial access of the UE.

[0057] In some aspects, a base station may transmit the PSS, SSS, and / or PBCH according to a synchronization communication hierarchy (e.g., a Synchronization Signal (SS) hierarchy) that includes multiple synchronization communications (e.g., SS blocks), as described below in connection with Figure 3B as described.

[0058] Figure 3B is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example SS hierarchy, which is an example of a synchronization communication hierarchy. As shown in Figure 3B the SS hierarchy may include an SS burst set, which may include multiple SS bursts (identified as SS burst 0 through SS burst B - 1, where B is the maximum number of SS bursts that may be transmitted by the base station). As further shown, each SS burst may include one or more SS blocks (identified as SS block 0 through SS block(b max_SS-1 ), where b max_SS-1 is the maximum number of SS blocks that can be carried by an SS burst). In some aspects, different SS blocks may be beamformed differently. The SS burst set may be transmitted periodically by a wireless node, such as every X milliseconds, as shown in Figure 3B . In some aspects, the SS burst set may have a fixed or dynamic length, as shown as Y milliseconds in Figure 3B .

[0059] Figure 3BThe SS burst set shown in is an example of a synchronization communication set, and other synchronization communication sets may be used in conjunction with the techniques described herein. Additionally, Figure 3B The SS block shown in is an example of synchronization communication, and other synchronization communications may be used in conjunction with the techniques described herein.

[0060] In some aspects, the SS block includes resources carrying the PSS, SSS, PBCH, and / or other synchronization signals (e.g., the third synchronization signal (TSS)) and / or synchronization channels. In some aspects, multiple SS blocks are included in an SS burst, and the PSS, SSS, and / or PBCH may be the same across each SS block of the SS burst. In some aspects, a single SS block may be included in an SS burst. In some aspects, the SS block may be at least four symbol periods in length, where each symbol carries one or more of the PSS (e.g., occupying one symbol), SSS (e.g., occupying one symbol), and / or PBCH (e.g., occupying two symbols).

[0061] In some aspects, the symbols of the SS block are contiguous, as Figure 3B shown in . In some aspects, the symbols of the SS block are non - contiguous. Similarly, in some aspects, one or more SS blocks of an SS burst may be transmitted in contiguous radio resources (e.g., contiguous symbol periods) during one or more time slots. Additionally or alternatively, one or more SS blocks of an SS burst may be transmitted in non - contiguous radio resources.

[0062] In some aspects, the SS burst may have a burst period, whereby the SS blocks of the SS burst are transmitted by the base station according to this burst period. In other words, these SS blocks may be repeated during each SS burst. In some aspects, the SS burst set may have a burst - set periodicity, whereby the SS bursts of the SS burst set are transmitted by the base station according to a fixed burst - set periodicity. In other words, the SS bursts may be repeated during each SS burst set.

[0063] The base station may transmit system information, such as system information blocks (SIB), on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in certain time slots. The base station may transmit control information / data on the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in C symbol periods of a time slot, where B may be configurable for each time slot. The base station may transmit traffic data and / or other data on the PDSCH in the remaining symbol periods of each time slot.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 3A and 3B are provided as examples. Other examples may be different from the examples regarding Figure 3A and 3B described.

[0065] Wireless communication standards or regulatory bodies may specify how the radio spectrum is used. For example, 3GPP may specify how the radio spectrum is used for 5G / NR radio access technologies and interfaces. As an example, the specification may indicate whether a frequency band is used as paired spectrum or unpaired spectrum. A frequency band in paired spectrum may use a first frequency region for uplink communication and a second frequency region for downlink communication, where the first frequency region does not overlap with the second frequency region. For example, a paired frequency band may have an uplink operating band and a downlink operating band configured to use non-overlapping frequency regions. Examples of paired frequency bands in NR include NR operating bands n1, n2, n3, n5, n7, n8, n12, n20, n25, and n28, as specified by 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.101-1. An unpaired frequency band may allow downlink and uplink operations within the same frequency region (e.g., the same sub-band or component). For example, an unpaired frequency band may configure an uplink sub-band and a downlink sub-band within the same frequency range. Some deployments may use time division duplexing (TDD) in an unpaired frequency band, where some time intervals (e.g., time slots, symbols, etc.) are used for uplink communication and other time intervals are used for downlink communication. In this case, substantially the entire bandwidth of the component carrier may be used for downlink communication or uplink communication, depending on whether the communication is performed in a downlink time slot, an uplink time slot, or a special time slot (where downlink or uplink communication may be scheduled). Examples of unpaired frequency bands include NR operating bands n40, n41, and n50, as specified by 3GPP TS 38.101-1.

[0066] In some cases, using TDD in unpaired spectrum may be inefficient. For example, the uplink transmit power may be limited, which means that the UE may not be able to transmit with sufficient power to efficiently utilize the full bandwidth of the uplink time slot. This may be particularly problematic at the cell edge in a large cell. Additionally, the use of TDD may introduce latency regarding the scheme in which uplink communication and downlink communication can be performed in the same time interval, since a given time interval may be used only for uplink communication or for downlink communication.

[0067] Some of the technologies and devices described herein provide communication in an unpaired band using FDD. For example, some of the technologies and devices described herein may use a single component carrier on which at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region are configured or scheduled. As another example, some of the technologies and devices described herein may use respective component carriers for uplink and downlink communication in an unpaired band. In addition, techniques for interference management, cross-operator scheduling, and fixed and variable FDD configurations are provided. In this way, the technologies and devices described herein enable sub-band full duplex using FDD in unpaired spectrum. Thereby, the spectral efficiency in the unpaired band can be improved, particularly in large cells and at the cell edge. In addition, the latency on the unpaired band can be reduced relative to a TDD configuration.

[0068] Figure 4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a call flow for implementing an FDD configuration in unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, example 400 includes UE 120 and BS 110. In example 400, UE 120 is configured using a system information block (SIB) that includes an FDD configuration. In some aspects, this may involve modifying specifications (such as 3GPP TS) that define the SIB format and content. For a configuration example of an FDD configuration that may not involve modifying the specifications, refer to Figure 5 Example 500.

[0069] As Figure 4 shown in and indicated by reference numeral 410, BS 110 may transmit an SIB to UE 120 covered by the BS 110. As further shown, the SIB may identify the FDD configuration. For example, the SIB may include an indication that UE 120 will use the FDD configuration and / or may explicitly identify the FDD configuration. The FDD configuration may identify at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region for an unpaired band. For example, the FDD configuration may identify the locations of at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region. Specific examples of FDD configurations are provided below in connection with Figures 6 - 16 FIG.

[0070] As indicated by reference numeral 420, UE 120 may communicate according to an FDD configuration. For example, if UE 120 supports an FDD configuration on an unpaired frequency band using SIB, then UE 120 may communicate according to that FDD configuration. If UE 120 does not support an FDD configuration on an unpaired frequency band using SIB (which may be referred to herein as a legacy UE), then UE 120 may ignore the SIB, may use a different configuration (e.g., a TDD configuration), or may perform another action. In some aspects, the operations described below in connection with example 500 may be used to configure legacy UE 120.

[0071] As indicated by reference numeral 430, UE 120 may perform initial access according to SIB. For example, UE 120 may access a cell provided by BS 110 according to the SIB. In some aspects, UE 120 may communicate with BS 110 using the FDD configuration specified by the SIB. In some aspects, the SIB may indicate that the cell uses an FDD configuration, and UE 120 may then receive the FDD configuration from BS 110.

[0072] As indicated above, Figure 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may be different from the example described with respect to Figure 4 which is described.

[0073] Figure 5 FIG. 500 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of another call flow for implementing an FDD configuration on unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, example 500 includes BS 110 and UE 120. In example 500, the FDD configuration is implemented using dynamic scheduling. For example, downlink and uplink communications are scheduled according to the FDD configuration, which means that the FDD configuration can be implemented regardless of whether the FDD configuration is in the specification.

[0074] As indicated by reference numeral 510, UE 120 and BS 110 may perform an initial access procedure, such as a random access procedure, etc. As indicated by reference numeral 520, BS 110 may establish a connection with UE 120. In some aspects, as shown, BS 110 may provide an indication that UE 120 will use an FDD configuration. In some aspects, the indication may identify one or more downlink frequency regions and one or more uplink frequency regions. For example, the indication may explicitly identify the frequency regions. In some aspects, the indication may indicate that one or more downlink frequency regions and one or more uplink frequency regions will be used. For example, the indication may indicate that UE 120 will communicate on an unpaired frequency band according to the FDD configuration.

[0075] As indicated by reference numeral 530, BS 110 may perform dynamic scheduling for communicating with UE 120. For example, as shown, BS 110 may schedule communication according to an FDD configuration. In some aspects, BS 110 may schedule downlink communication to UE 120 in one or more downlink frequency regions of the FDD configuration and may schedule uplink communication from UE 120 in one or more uplink frequency regions of the FDD configuration. By dynamically scheduling according to the FDD configuration, BS 110 may save resources that would otherwise be used to configure UE 120 to use the FDD configuration (e.g., using SIBs, etc., as described in connection with Figure 4 and may improve the versatility of TDD communication in unpaired spectrum.

[0076] As indicated above, Figure 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may be different from the example described with respect to Figure 5

[0077] Figures 6 - 16 is a diagram illustrating examples of FDD configurations on unpaired spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Figures 6 - 16 An example of a time interval (e.g., time slot, slot group, subframe, sub-slot, mini-slot, symbol, etc.) is shown. The time interval may include an uplink frequency region, a downlink frequency region, or both an uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region. Each time interval may be associated with a control region and a data region, the control region being illustrated as the darker shaded portion of the time interval and the data region being shown as DL data for the downlink frequency region or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for the uplink frequency region. The uplink frequency region is illustrated using a denser dot fill than the downlink frequency region.

[0078] ​An FDD configuration may indicate one or more downlink frequency regions and one or more uplink frequency regions. For example, an FDD configuration may divide an unpaired frequency band (e.g., one or more component carriers of an unpaired frequency band) into an uplink frequency region, a downlink frequency region, and / or other regions (e.g., guard bands between frequency regions, guard times, etc.). In some aspects, an FDD configuration may identify a guard time. The guard time may separate the uplink frequency region from the downlink frequency region in the time domain. The guard time may provide time for the UE 120 and / or the BS 110 to switch between uplink operation and downlink operation or to switch between the frequency associated with the downlink frequency region and the frequency associated with the uplink frequency region. In some aspects, an FDD configuration may identify bandwidth part (BWP) configurations corresponding to the uplink frequency region and the downlink frequency region. For example, corresponding BWPs may be configured for each uplink frequency region and each downlink frequency region.

[0079] The bandwidths of the uplink frequency region and the downlink frequency region may or may not be equal. For example, in Figure 6 Example 600 shown, the two downlink frequency regions indicated by reference numerals 610 and 620 occupy a smaller bandwidth than the uplink frequency region indicated by reference numeral 630. In this case, the uplink frequency region is provided between the downlink frequency regions, which may reduce interference from the downlink of other BSs 110 associated with the frequencies of the component carriers adjacent to Example 600. In some aspects, the positions of the uplink frequency region and the downlink frequency region may be at least partially based on interference alignment between the base station and the operator, as described in more detail elsewhere in this document.

[0080] Configuring FDD for unpaired spectrum communication can increase throughput and improve spectral efficiency. For example, as a baseline, consider a down-down-special-up TDD configuration. This can be associated with, for example, a downlink cell edge rate of 22.5 Mbps and an uplink cell edge rate of 37.5 kbps (e.g., in the case of a 2.5 Mbps mid-user rate, i.e., 20 dB less than the maximum coupling loss (MCL)). In this scenario, assuming the power spectral density (PSD) is not increased to utilize the baseline power, FDD in an unpaired spectrum with 80 MHz downlink and 20 MHz uplink can reduce the downlink cell edge spectral efficiency (SE) by up to 0.8. In such scenarios, 24 - 30 Mbps may be achievable at full duty cycle. The uplink UE SE may not change at the cell edge and in the middle. In this scenario, 250 kbps can be achieved at the cell edge and 10 Mbps in the middle. Performance can be further improved for full-duplex UEs. In this scenario, assuming the same parameters as the previous example, 30 Mbps of downlink throughput and 250 kbps of uplink throughput can be achieved simultaneously.

[0081] Figure 7 Examples 710 and 720 of a fixed FDD configuration and a variable FDD configuration are illustrated respectively. As shown, the fixed FDD configuration denoted by reference numeral 710 uses the same FDD configuration for each time interval. As denoted by reference numeral 730, the variable FDD configuration denoted by reference numeral 720 uses a different FDD configuration for the fourth time interval than the first three time intervals. The fixed FDD configuration may be more efficient with respect to signaling, while the variable FDD configuration can provide increased scheduling flexibility. For example, the variable FDD configuration can be used to schedule uplink-focused time intervals, thereby increasing throughput in the uplink-focused time intervals while maintaining a low latency associated with the FDD configuration in other time intervals.

[0082] The various FDD configurations described herein can be associated with certain advantages. For example, a less complex FDD configuration can be associated with lower base station complexity compared to a more complex FDD configuration. As another example, a particular FDD configuration can be used to provide synchronization between operators and / or between base stations. As another example, a particular FDD configuration can be used to provide channel reciprocity between base stations. As yet another example, an FDD configuration having an uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region in each time interval can provide support for low latency control and data. As another example, a particular FDD configuration can provide a higher uplink or downlink peak rate at the expense of coverage, and vice versa.

[0083] As just one example, the variable FDD configuration shown by reference numeral 720 may require base station synchronization (for the wideband uplink time slot shown by reference numeral 730), may allow low latency control and data for lower throughput, may support two-step channel reciprocity, may support base station cancellation, and may have a lower downlink peak rate than some TDD configurations. A network controller or base station can balance these concerns when determining the FDD configuration.

[0084] Figure 8 Examples 810 and 820 of FDD configurations are illustrated. In example 800, a fixed FDD configuration is used and the uplink frequency region is provided at the edge of the component carrier (e.g., rather than between downlink frequency regions). In example 820, a hybrid of TDD and FDD is used. For example, FDD is used in the time interval shown by reference numeral 830, where TDD is used in the time intervals shown by reference numerals 840 and 850. Although the FDD partitioning within a single component carrier is shown for simplicity, it should be understood that the FDD partitioning can also be extended to carrier aggregation on unpaired spectrum. Figures 6 - 8 While the FDD partitioning within a single component carrier is shown for simplicity, it should be understood that the FDD partitioning can also be extended to carrier aggregation on unpaired spectrum.

[0085] Figure 9 An example 900 of an FDD configuration for a half-duplex BS 110 is shown. The half-duplex BS 110 can refer to a BS 110 that can perform only one of transmission or reception at a given time. Some low-cost or low-complexity base stations may use half-duplex communication. As shown, in example 900, the BS 110 can perform only uplink communication or downlink communication at a given time. In this case, the BS 110 can utilize dynamic scheduling to improve uplink or downlink resource utilization (e.g., by increasing the bandwidth of the uplink or downlink frequency region during uplink or downlink transmission).

[0086] Figure 10Example 1000 for inter - base - station interference management for FDD on unpaired spectrum is shown. Alignment of uplink and downlink partitions across base stations can reduce the impact of a downlink aggressor. For illustration, refer to Example 1000. Example 1000 shows transmission and reception on a single component carrier for two synchronized cells. In Example 1000, the downlink of Cell 2 is the aggressor to the uplink of Cell 1. Accordingly, Cell 1 and Cell 2 can be coordinated such that Cell 2 does not transmit during the time interval shown by reference numeral 1010, which can reduce interference to the uplink frequency region of Cell 1. Additionally or alternatively, a frequency gap (shown as guard bands by reference numerals 1020 and 1030) can be provided between the uplink frequency region and the downlink frequency region by Cell 1 and Cell 2, thereby further reducing interference. In some aspects, a frequency gap can be provided between any uplink frequency region and any downlink frequency region (including those described herein and those associated with other FDD configurations not described herein).

[0087] Figure 11 Example 1100 for interference management for asynchronous operators is illustrated. As shown, a first cell provided by Operator 1 and a second cell provided by Operator 2 can be asynchronous. As further shown, the first cell and the second cell can be associated with different component carriers (CCs) (CC1 and CC2 respectively). In this case, a frequency gap (shown as a guard band) can mitigate in - cell interference. Additionally, providing an uplink frequency region between two downlink frequency regions can reduce inter - cell interference. For example, the downlink frequency region of Operator 1 can be separated from the downlink frequency region of Operator 2 by the uplink frequency region of Operator 2, thereby reducing the impact of interference between the downlink frequency region of Operator 1 and the uplink frequency region of Operator 2. In some aspects, Operator 1 or Operator 2 (or BS 110 or UE 120) can use other interference mitigation or cancellation techniques, such as an adjacent - channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) - based approach, half - duplex transmission, interference nulling, cross - link interference (CLI) mitigation techniques, remote interference management (RIM) techniques, and so on. Additionally or alternatively, spatial separation can be provided between the antennas of Operator 1 and Operator 2, which can further reduce interference and aid in interference cancellation. For example, a first antenna array or sub - array can be used to provide the cell associated with Operator 1, and a second antenna array or sub - array spatially separated from the first antenna array or sub - array can be used to provide the cell associated with Operator 2.

[0088] Figure 12Example 1200 for interference management for a synchronous operator is explained. As shown, example 1200 includes a first operator deploying an FDD network in an unpaired spectrum and a second operator (shown as a legacy operator) deploying a TDD network in the unpaired spectrum. For example, the second operator may be associated with a guaranteed synchronous operation (such as in some deployments in some countries, such as some deployments in China), a semi-static operation (such as in LTE), etc. In this case and as shown by reference numeral 1210, the operator deploying the FDD network may configure the uplink frequency region to be adjacent to the uplink time interval of the legacy operator, thereby reducing the interference between the operator deploying the FDD network and the legacy operator. Additionally, as shown by reference numeral 1220, the operator deploying the FDD network may provide a time gap between the downlink frequency region of the operator deploying the FDD network and the uplink time interval of the legacy operator, thereby further reducing the inter-operator interference. In some aspects, additional or alternative interference mitigation or cancellation operations, such as spatial / chaos nulling, attacker detection between operators, etc., may be performed in the time region shown by reference numeral 1230.

[0089] Figure 13 Example 1300 for variable frequency partitioning and fixed frequency partitioning for operators on different component carriers is explained. As shown by reference numeral 1310, a first cell may use variable frequency partitioning, where different frequency partitions may be used in different time slots. As shown by reference numeral 1320, a second cell may use fixed frequency partitioning, where the same frequency partition is used across multiple time intervals. In cases where interference mitigation or cancellation techniques (such as ACLR-based approaches, guard bands, and antenna spatial separation) are sufficient to provide adequate interference control (e.g., to achieve a target interference ratio, etc.), each operator may independently select a frequency partition. When the interference mitigation or cancellation techniques are not sufficient to provide adequate interference control, the operators may use the techniques described elsewhere in this document to coordinate with each other.

[0090] It should be noted that the approach described in conjunction with Figure 13 can be implemented without modifying the radio communication standard for 5G / NR communication. For example, the BS or cell of each operator may provide scheduling information that follows the corresponding FDD configuration shown, thereby providing the FDD configuration without modifying the SIB or other messages used to signal the information identifying the FDD configuration.

[0091] Figure 14Example 1400 shows a set of FDD configurations and TDD configurations for Operator 1 (performing in-band FDD), Operator 2 (performing in-band FDD), and Operator 3 (performing TDD, referred to as the legacy operator). Each operator is associated with a corresponding component carrier. As shown by reference numeral 1410, Operator 1 may provide a frequency gap between the downlink frequency region of Operator 1 and the uplink frequency region of Operator 2, which may reduce interference between Operator 1 and Operator 2. Additionally, as shown by reference numeral 1420, Operator 2 may provide a frequency gap between the uplink frequency region of Operator 2 and the downlink transmission of Operator 3, which may reduce interference between Operator 2 and Operator 3. In some aspects, Operator 2 may use one or more restrictions during the time interval shown by reference numeral 1430 to reduce interference between the downlink transmission (not shown) of Operator 2 and the uplink transmission of Operator 3.

[0092] Figure 14 (and other figures) The FDD configurations shown can be implemented at least in part based on modified specifications. For example, Figure 14 The FDD configurations shown in can use system information (such as SIB) whose format is specified in the wireless communication standard to convey. In some aspects, the FDD configuration can be slot-related. Additionally or alternatively, a specific slot format indicator can be associated with the FDD configuration communicated to UE 120.

[0093] Figure 15 Example 1500 shows an FDD configuration in unpaired spectrum using multiple component carriers (CCs). As shown by reference numeral 1510, in some aspects, the first CC may provide an uplink frequency region, and the second component carrier may provide a downlink frequency region. As shown by reference numeral 1520, in some aspects, the first CC may provide an uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region, and the second CC may provide a downlink frequency region. Of course, other multi-CC examples may be different from Figure 15 the specific FDD configuration shown.

[0094] Figure 16 Example 1600 shows that a periodic slot format indicator is used to provide an FDD configuration. The periodic slot format indicator may allow the BS to signal to the UE the slot format of a set of slots that repeats over time. For example, for a TDD configuration, the periodic slot format indicator may indicate downlink-downlink-special-uplink, and this slot pattern may repeat every four slots. This is called semi-static slot format indication. Semi-static slot format indication can provide transparency to the regulatory party and can be used to reduce spurious transmissions when control information is misdecoded.

[0095] In some aspects, the slot format indication can be used to indicate the FDD configuration. For example, as shown by reference numeral 1610, each slot can be associated with an FDD configuration (shown as BW1, BW2, and BW3). The FDD configuration can indicate at least one downlink frequency region and / or at least one uplink frequency region for each slot. For example, BW1 is associated with a downlink frequency region (shown as DL 0-100) across the entire bandwidth of the component carrier, while BW2 is associated with a first downlink frequency region of the first 35% across the bandwidth of the component carrier, an uplink frequency region of the middle 20% across the bandwidth of the component carrier, and a second downlink frequency region of the last 35% across the bandwidth of the component carrier. It can be seen that the frequency gap is also configured in, for example, BW1 as the gap between the first 35%, the middle 20%, and the last 35% through the slot format indication.

[0096] As indicated above, Figures 6 - 16 is provided as an example. Other examples may be different from the example Figures 6 - 16 described.

[0097] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1700 performed, for example, by a user equipment in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The example process 1700 is an example where a UE (e.g., user equipment 120, etc.) performs operations associated with frequency division duplexing in unpaired spectrum.

[0098] As Figure 17 shown, in some aspects, process 1700 may include receiving an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration (block 1710). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller / processor 280, etc.) may receive an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration, as described above.

[0099] As Figure 17 further shown, in some aspects, process 1700 may include communicating using the FDD configuration (block 1720). For example, the UE (using controller / processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, etc.) may communicate using the FDD configuration, as described above.

[0100] The process 1700 may include additional aspects, such as any individual aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0101] In a first aspect, the FDD is configured for communication on a single component carrier.

[0102] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the FDD configuration is fixed across multiple time intervals.

[0103] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the at least one downlink frequency region includes two non - contiguous downlink frequency regions, and the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions.

[0104] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are different in a first time interval from those in a second time interval.

[0105] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the FDD configuration is used in one or more first time intervals and a TDD configuration is used in one or more second time intervals.

[0106] In a sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region is associated with a different bandwidth from the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0107] In a seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, using the FDD configuration for communication further includes communicating in full - duplex mode, where the UE transmits on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously receives on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

[0108] In an eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, using the FDD configuration for communication further includes communicating in half - duplex using the FDD configuration, where the UE is capable of receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region at a given time.

[0109] In a ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the UE may perform cross - link interference management in combination with using the FDD configuration for communication.

[0110] In a tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the UE may receive an indication that the base station is capable of performing the following operations: transmitting in the at least one uplink frequency region while simultaneously receiving in the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0111] In an eleventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the UE may receive an indication that the base station is not capable of performing the following operations: transmitting in the at least one uplink frequency region while simultaneously receiving in the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0112] In a twelfth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region in the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0113] In a thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the FDD is configured for communication between the UE and the serving base station and for communication between the UE and neighboring base stations.

[0114] In a fourteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the respective partitions of the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are configured according to the indication, and the UE may receive dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

[0115] In a fifteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, the indication indicates the FDD configuration.

[0116] In a sixteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, the FDD configuration is associated with a time slot format indication conveyed to the UE.

[0117] In a seventeenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, communicating using the FDD configuration is at least partially based on receiving scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

[0118] In an eighteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the FDD configuration is specified in a wireless communication standard.

[0119] In a nineteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the FDD configuration is indicated to the UE via broadcast system information.

[0120] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region associated with the FDD configuration are time-slot related.

[0121] Although Figure 17 illustrative blocks of process 1700 are shown, in some aspects, process 1700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks compared to the blocks depicted in Figure 17 . Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 1700 may be executed in parallel.

[0122] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1800, performed, for example, by a base station, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Example process 1800 is an example where a base station (e.g., base station 110, etc.) performs operations associated with frequency division duplexing in unpaired spectrum.

[0123] As Figure 18 shown, in some aspects, process 1800 may include transmitting an indication that a UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region in accordance with the FDD configuration (block 1810). For example, a base station (e.g., using transmit processor 220, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, etc.) may transmit an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using an FDD configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region in accordance with the FDD configuration, as described above.

[0124] As Figure 18 further shown, in some aspects, process 1800 may include communicating with the UE using the FDD configuration (block 1820). For example, as described above, a base station (e.g., using transmit processor 220, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, etc.) may communicate with the UE using the FDD configuration, as described above.

[0125] Process 1800 may include additional aspects, such as any individual aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0126] In a first aspect, the FDD configuration is for communication on a single component carrier.

[0127] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the FDD configuration is fixed across multiple time intervals.

[0128] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the at least one downlink frequency region includes two non - contiguous downlink frequency regions, and the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions.

[0129] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are different in a first time interval from that in a second time interval.

[0130] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the FDD configuration is used in one or more first time intervals and the TDD configuration is used in one or more second time intervals.

[0131] In a sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region is associated with a bandwidth different from that of the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0132] In a seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, using the FDD configuration for communication further includes communicating in a full - duplex mode, wherein the base station receives on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously transmits synchronously on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

[0133] In an eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, using the FDD configuration for communication further includes communicating in a half - duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the base station can receive on the at least one uplink frequency region or transmit on the at least one downlink frequency region at a given time.

[0134] In a ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the base station provides a first cell and a second secondary cell, wherein the respective downlink communication or the respective uplink communication of the first cell and the second cell are transmitted using a first antenna set of the first cell and a second antenna set of the second cell, and the first antenna set and the second antenna set are spatially separated from each other.

[0135] In a tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the first cell is associated with a first operator and the second cell is associated with a second operator.

[0136] In an eleventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region at least partially overlap with each other in time.

[0137] In a twelfth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region do not overlap with each other in time.

[0138] In a thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region in the at least one downlink frequency region.

[0139] In a fourteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the base station is a first base station, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to overlap with the uplink frequency region of a second base station.

[0140] In a fifteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, the uplink frequency region of the second base station is on the same carrier as at least one uplink frequency region of the first base station.

[0141] In a sixteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, a guard band is provided between the at least one downlink frequency region and the uplink frequency region of the second base station.

[0142] In a seventeenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the base station is a first base station, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to be adjacent to the uplink frequency region of a second base station.

[0143] In an eighteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the first base station and the second base station are asynchronous with each other.

[0144] In a nineteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the base station is a first base station, wherein the method further includes performing inter-base-station interference management with the second base station at least partially based on the respective FDD configurations of the first base station and the second base station.

[0145] In a twentieth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, the indication identifies corresponding partitions of the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region, and wherein the base station will transmit dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

[0146] In a twenty - first aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, the indication indicates the FDD configuration.

[0147] In a twenty - second aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - first aspects, the FDD configuration is associated with a time - slot format indication communicated to the UE.

[0148] In a twenty - third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - second aspects, the base station may transmit scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

[0149] In a twenty - fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - third aspects, the FDD configuration is specified in a wireless communication standard.

[0150] In a twenty - fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - fourth aspects, the indication includes a System Information Block (SIB).

[0151] In a twenty - sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - fifth aspects, the base station is a first base station. In some aspects, the FDD configuration is at least partially based on the Time - Division Duplex (TDD) configuration of a second base station.

[0152] In a twenty - seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty - sixth aspects, the at least one downlink frequency region is provided such that it is not adjacent in frequency to the uplink time - slots of the second base station

[0153] Although Figure 18 illustrates example blocks of process 1800, in some aspects, process 1800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged differently compared to the blocks depicted in Figure 18 Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 1800 may be executed in parallel.

[0154] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired through the practice of the aspects.

[0155] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented with a combination of hardware, firmware, and / or hardware and software.

[0156] As used herein, depending on the context, meeting a threshold may mean that a value is greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, and so on.

[0157] It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual special control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of these systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code - understanding that software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems and / or methods at least in part based on the description herein.

[0158] Although specific feature combinations are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the aspects. In fact, many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. Although each of the dependent claims listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of the aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in this set of claims. A phrase that recites "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, and a - b - c, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a - a, a - a - a, a - a - b, a - a - c, a - b - b, a - c - c, b - b, b - b - b, b - b - c, c - c, and c - c - c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0159] The elements, acts, or instructions used herein should not be construed as critical or essential, unless expressly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more." Additionally, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, combinations of related and unrelated items, etc.) and may be used interchangeably with "one or more." Where only one item is intended, the phrase "only one" or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms "having," "including," "containing," etc. are intended to be open-ended terms. Additionally, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on," unless expressly stated otherwise.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication that the UE will use a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration to communicate on an unpaired frequency band, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region for communication on a single component carrier according to the FDD configuration, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region includes two downlink frequency regions and is non - contiguous within the single component carrier, and wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions, and wherein the FDD configuration is for communication on the single component carrier; and communicating using the FDD configuration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FDD configuration is fixed across multiple time intervals.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are different in a first time interval from those in a second time interval.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FDD configuration is used in one or more first time intervals and a time division duplex (TDD) configuration is used in one or more second time intervals.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is associated with a different bandwidth from the at least one downlink frequency region.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein communicating using the FDD configuration further comprises: communicating in a full - duplex mode, wherein the UE transmits on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously receives on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein communicating using the FDD configuration further comprises: communicating in a half - duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the UE is capable of receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region at a given time.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: performing cross - link interference management in combination with communicating using the FDD configuration.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and the two downlink frequency regions.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FDD configuration is used for communication between the UE and a serving base station and for communication between the UE and an adjacent base station.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective partitions of the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are configured according to the indication, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication indicates the FDD configuration.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FDD configuration is associated with a time slot format indication communicated to the UE.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FDD configuration is indicated to the UE by broadcasting system information.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region associated with the FDD configuration are time slot related.

16. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting an indication that a user equipment (UE) will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region for communication on a single component carrier according to the FDD configuration, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region includes two non - contiguous downlink frequency regions within the single component carrier, and wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions, and wherein the FDD configuration is for communication on the single component carrier; and communicating with the UE using the FDD configuration.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein communicating using the FDD configuration further comprises: communicating in a full - duplex mode, wherein the base station receives on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously transmits in the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein communicating using the FDD configuration further comprises: communicating in a half - duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the base station is capable of receiving on the at least one uplink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one downlink frequency region at a given time.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region at least partially overlap in time.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region do not overlap in time.

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region in the at least one downlink frequency region.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to overlap with an uplink frequency region of a second base station.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the uplink frequency region of the second base station is on the same carrier as the at least one uplink frequency region of the first base station.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the first base station and the second base station are synchronized with each other and are configured for communication on the single component carrier.

25. The method according to claim 16, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to be adjacent to an uplink frequency region of a second base station.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the first base station and the second base station are asynchronous with each other.

27. The method according to claim 16, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the method further comprises: performing inter-base-station interference management with the second base station at least partly based on respective FDD configurations of the first base station and the second base station.

28. The method according to claim 16, wherein an uplink bandwidth of the at least one uplink frequency region is different from an uplink bandwidth of the at least one downlink region.

29. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to: receive an indication that the UE will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region for communication on a single component carrier according to the FDD configuration, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region comprises two downlink frequency regions and is non-contiguous within the single component carrier, and wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions, and wherein the FDD configuration is for communication on the single component carrier; and communicate using the FDD configuration.

30. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the FDD configuration is fixed across a plurality of time intervals.

31. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are different in a first time interval from those in a second time interval.

32. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the FDD configuration is used in one or more first time intervals and a time division duplex (TDD) configuration is used in one or more second time intervals.

33. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is associated with a bandwidth different from that of the at least one downlink frequency region.

34. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the memory and the one or more processors configured to communicate using the FDD configuration are further configured to: communicate in a full duplex mode, wherein the UE transmits on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously receives in synchronization on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

35. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the memory and the one or more processors configured to communicate using the FDD configuration are further configured to: Communicate in a half-duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the UE is capable of receiving on the at least one downlink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one uplink frequency region at a given time.

36. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are further configured to: Perform cross-link interference management in combination with communicating using the FDD configuration.

37. The UE according to claim 29, wherein a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and the two downlink frequency regions.

38. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the FDD configuration is used for communication between the UE and a serving base station and for communication between the UE and an adjacent base station.

39. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the respective partitions of the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region are configured according to the indication, and wherein the memory and the one or more processors are further configured to: Receive dynamic scheduling information for scheduling uplink or downlink communication according to the FDD configuration.

40. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the indication indicates the FDD configuration.

41. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the FDD configuration is associated with a time slot format indication communicated to the UE.

42. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the FDD configuration is indicated to the UE by broadcast system information.

43. The UE according to claim 29, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region associated with the FDD configuration are time slot related.

44. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to: Transmit an indication that a user equipment (UE) will communicate on an unpaired frequency band using a frequency division duplex (FDD) configuration, the unpaired frequency band including at least one uplink frequency region and at least one downlink frequency region for communication on a single component carrier according to the FDD configuration, wherein the at least one downlink frequency region includes two non-contiguous downlink frequency regions within the single component carrier, and wherein the at least one uplink frequency region is contiguous and located between the two downlink frequency regions, and wherein the FDD configuration is used for communication on the single component carrier; and Communicate with the UE using the FDD configuration.

45. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the memory and the one or more processors configured to communicate using the FDD configuration are further configured to: communicate in a full-duplex mode, wherein the base station receives on the at least one uplink frequency region and simultaneously transmits synchronously on the at least one downlink frequency region according to the FDD configuration.

46. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the memory and the one or more processors configured to communicate using the FDD configuration are further configured to: communicate in a half-duplex mode using the FDD configuration, wherein the base station is capable of receiving on the at least one uplink frequency region or transmitting on the at least one downlink frequency region at a given time.

47. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region at least partially overlap each other in time.

48. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the at least one uplink frequency region and the at least one downlink frequency region do not overlap each other in time.

49. The base station according to claim 44, wherein a frequency gap is provided between an uplink frequency region in the at least one uplink frequency region and a downlink frequency region in the at least one downlink frequency region.

50. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to overlap with an uplink frequency region of a second base station.

51. The base station according to claim 50, wherein the uplink frequency region of the second base station is on the same carrier as the at least one uplink frequency region of the first base station.

52. The base station according to claim 50, wherein the first base station and the second base station are synchronized with each other and are configured for communication on a single component carrier.

53. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the at least one downlink frequency region is configured not to be adjacent to an uplink frequency region of a second base station.

54. The base station according to claim 53, wherein the first base station and the second base station are asynchronous with each other.

55. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the base station is a first base station, and wherein the memory and the one or more processors are further configured to: perform inter-base-station interference management with the second base station at least partially based on the respective FDD configurations of the first base station and the second base station.

56. The base station according to claim 44, wherein the uplink bandwidth of the at least one uplink frequency region is different from the uplink bandwidth of the at least one downlink region.

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