Hidden and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit

Abstract

The present invention discloses an implicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit, which can work stably and reliably in a high temperature environment of 400 degrees Celsius. The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: an antenna microstrip plate fixedly connected by a multilayer dielectric plate is provided in a rectangular cavity close to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing, the rectangular cavity is surrounded by magnetic walls to form a resonant cavity, the sealed end cover encapsulates the PCM in the melting heat chamber to block the conduction of external heat, the PCM uses the material's own specific heat capacity to store / release heat, and senses the heat of the antenna microstrip plate in the form of heat absorption / release energy conversion, the conformal radiation unit is fed through a microstrip line or a coaxial line, and TM10 is fed on the wide side and long side of the microstrip patch antenna, so that a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited between the conductor patch and the ground plate, and mutually perpendicular electric field components are formed in the normal direction of the antenna surface, and the current is distributed as a standing wave on the transmission line with an open terminal, and radiates outward through the gap between the patch and the surrounding ground plates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aviation measurement and control, and in particular to a hidden and explicit conformal high-temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit carried on a high-speed aircraft. Background Art

[0002] In communication equipment, the rapid development of miniaturized microelectronics technology and large-scale integrated circuits has made the problem of antennas becoming large and bulky components in electronic equipment more prominent, and the demand for small antennas that can be coordinated with the size of the equipment and have efficient electrical performance has become more urgent. Since various flying and operating machines are equipped with a variety of antennas, such as antennas on cars, aircraft and other equipment, these antennas cause non-negligible resistance to the operation of the carrier and increase fuel consumption. Therefore, in order to reduce resistance, save space, save energy and other factors, the antenna installed on the carrier needs to be conformal with the carrier, that is, it is necessary to adopt the form of conformal antenna. With the development of science and technology, aircraft will enter the hypersonic era. The excessive flight speed of hypersonic aircraft makes its skin bear the pressure load, and the strong friction between the skin and the air will generate a temperature of hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius. In order to reduce the impact of aerodynamic heating, aircraft are usually designed in a flat structure. However, when the loading capacity of weapons is maximized, the space left for the antenna system will inevitably be greatly reduced. In order to save space inside the aircraft, the antenna system needs to be designed conformally with the fuselage. Conformal antennas usually refer to a type of antenna that matches the shape of a specific carrier. Its design purpose is to enable the antenna to be easily installed on the surface of the carrier without becoming a burden on the carrier. Among a series of antennas, microstrip antennas are widely used in communication systems due to their small size, easy conformality, and high efficiency. The most important advantage is that microstrip patch antennas can conform to the surface of the object on which they are installed, and the feeding methods are diverse and easy to install, and the cost is low. It is easy to array, and adding different couplings, gaps, and feeding can achieve broadband and circular polarization. It has high gain, low side lobes, and the characteristics of forming shaped beams and multi-beams have high radiation efficiency. However, the narrow bandwidth feature is the main disadvantage that restricts the development and application of microstrip antennas. The bandwidth is relatively narrow, and the bandwidth of HTS antennas is even narrower, with a relative bandwidth of only 0.1%-1.1%. Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form of microstrip antennas. The structure of a simple microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating element, a dielectric layer, and a reference ground. Due to the presence of return loss, the efficiency of microstrip antennas is not very high and is not suitable for the application of array antennas. At present, the miniaturization method mainly used for microstrip antennas is to use surface slots, which have the outstanding characteristics of narrow bandwidth, small gain and low efficiency. In most cases, the square ring seam on the bottom plate of the patch cannot increase the gain of the antenna, but also reduces it to a certain extent. In addition, the narrow bandwidth is still a shortcoming that the microstrip antenna needs to solve. The width W of the radiating element is the thickness h of the dielectric layer, the relative dielectric constant εr and loss tangent of the dielectric, and the length L and width W of the dielectric layer. According to the structural characteristics, microstrip antennas are divided into two categories, namely microstrip patch antennas and microstrip slot antennas; according to the shape, they can be divided into rectangular, circular, and annular microstrip antennas. According to the working principle, no matter which type of antenna can be divided into resonant (standing wave) and non-vibration (traveling wave) microstrip antennas.At present, one type of antenna has a specific resonant size and can generally only work near the resonant frequency; while the latter type of antenna has no resonant size restriction, and a matching load must be added to its end to ensure the transmission of traveling waves. The patch shape is diverse. In practical applications, due to certain special performance requirements and installation conditions, microstrip patch antennas of other shapes must be used. For example, the level of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns in the end-fire direction () is also required to be above the half-power level, which cannot be met by regular rectangular or circular patches. The feeding methods of rectangular microstrip antennas are basically divided into side feeding and back feeding. Regardless of the method, its resonant input resistance Rin is very large. Its value is usually much smaller than the characteristic admittance of the microstrip transmission line, close to the open circuit state, thus limiting the impedance band of the antenna. A commonly used type of microstrip antenna is on a thin dielectric base (such as a polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber laminate), with a metal thin layer attached to one side as a ground plane, and a metal patch of a certain shape is made on the other side by photolithography and other methods. The patch is fed using a microstrip line and an axis probe, which constitutes a microstrip antenna. When the patch is an area unit, it is called a microstrip antenna; if the patch is a thin strip, it is called a microstrip array antenna. Antenna performance is diverse. By designing patch units of different shapes, or selecting appropriate unit arrays, side-fire arrays, end-fire arrays, various polarizations, point scanning microstrip phased arrays, etc. can be realized. Microstrip patch antennas are generally composed of a dielectric with a certain thickness, a thin metal ground plane, and an electromagnetic radiation patch. It is usually fed by a microstrip feeder or a coaxial line. A high-frequency electromagnetic field will be excited between the radiating patch and the metal ground plane, and electromagnetic waves will be radiated outward through the gap between the metal ground plane and the radiating patch. Parameters related to antenna performance include the length L of the radiating element, the width W of the radiating element, the thickness h of the dielectric layer, the relative dielectric constant εr and loss tangent of the medium, and the length L and width W of the dielectric layer. The main working mode of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna is the TM10 mode, which means that the electric field changes in the length L direction but remains unchanged in the width direction. In the length L direction, it can be regarded as a gap with two open terminals radiating electromagnetic energy. At the edge in the width w direction, due to the open terminals, the voltage value is the maximum and the current value is the minimum.

[0003] In the actual application of traditional antennas, antennas are mostly directly exposed to the air, which is not only subject to oxidation corrosion by the air, but also not conducive to the concealment of the antenna. In particular, the damage to the antenna and the impact on the antenna performance in a harsh environment will be greater. For these reasons, conformal antennas are usually buried in dielectrics, and conformal dielectrics are buried in microstrip patch antennas. The impact of this covering dielectric layer on the antenna is that the resonant frequency drifts and the working bandwidth and other performance of the antenna are affected. Conformal dielectric buried antennas usually have a layer of carrier-shaped dielectric added to the outside, and the shape of the radiation patch is consistent with the carrier. In order to meet the aerodynamic requirements of high-speed aircraft, the antenna is not allowed to protrude from the outer surface of the aircraft after installation, and needs to be conformal to the aircraft installation surface. Therefore, during the design process, higher requirements are placed on the material selection and molding method of the antenna shell. Because the outer surface of a high-speed aircraft rubs violently with the air during flight, the kinetic energy lost in the airflow in the boundary layer is converted into heat energy, causing the surface temperature of the aircraft to rise sharply, with the highest temperature reaching 400 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature of the dielectric material of the microstrip patch antenna is required to be lower than 150 degrees Celsius. When the ambient temperature exceeds 150 degrees Celsius, the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the dielectric material will change, causing the electrical performance of the microstrip patch antenna to deteriorate or even fail to work properly. Therefore, reasonable measures must be taken to control the temperature within the allowable range. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of antenna design in high-temperature working environments and to address the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an implicit conformal high-temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit with excellent performance, which can be conformal to the carrier and can work stably and reliably in a high-temperature environment of 400 degrees Celsius.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: to provide an implicit and explicit conformal high-temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit, comprising: a conformal radiation unit (2) conformal to the curved surface of a mounting platform (1), adopting a data periodic array structure or a traveling wave array, an L-shaped stepped box body (5) fixedly connected to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3) by countersunk screws (4), and a radio frequency connector (7) fixedly connected to the back plate of the L-shaped stepped box body (5) by connector screws (6), characterized in that: an antenna microstrip plate (10) fixedly connected by a multilayer dielectric plate 14 is provided in a rectangular cavity 12 close to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3), the antenna microstrip plate (10) is fixed to the metal bottom plate by tightening screws (11), the rectangular cavity (12) is surrounded by magnetic walls to form a resonant cavity, and the rectangular cavity (12) is connected to the back plate by the connector screws (6). The metal base plate partition wall is connected to a melting heat chamber (13) filled with a composite phase change material PCM. The sealed end cover (8) encapsulates the PCM in the melting heat chamber (13) through a sealing screw (9) to block the conduction of external heat. The PCM undergoes a solid-liquid phase change in the encapsulation cavity of the sealed end cover (8). The material's own specific heat capacity is used to store / release heat, and the heat of the antenna microstrip plate (10) is sensed in a heat absorption / release energy conversion mode to reduce the internal temperature of the antenna. The conformal radiation unit (2) is fed through a microstrip line or a coaxial line, and TM10 is fed on the wide side and long side of the microstrip patch (17) antenna, so that a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited between the conductor patch and the ground plate, and mutually perpendicular electric field components are formed in the normal direction of the antenna surface. The current is distributed in a standing wave on the terminal open transmission line and radiates outward through the gap between the patch and the surrounding ground plates.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0007] The present invention adopts a conformal antenna fairing (3) conforming to the curved surface of a carrying platform (1), an L-shaped stepped box body (5) fixedly connected to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3) by countersunk screws (4), and a radio frequency connector (7) fixedly connected to the back plate of the L-shaped stepped box body (5) by connector screws (6). The conformal antenna fairing can be designed into different curved surfaces according to the carrying platform to achieve conformal installation with the carrying platform, with simple device and excellent performance. The microstrip antenna of the same structure can form a microstrip antenna array, which can obtain higher gain and larger bandwidth, and its inherent narrowband characteristics will be solved. Omnidirectional radiation can be achieved in the entire frequency band. And it does not disturb the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft, so the antenna can be easily installed on the aircraft without making major changes. For example, a traveling wave antenna has a higher bandwidth (theoretically infinite) than a standing wave antenna. The radiation direction is in the normal direction of the plane, which is easy to integrate with the microstrip circuit and easy to achieve linear polarization or circular polarization. TM10 feeds the wide side and long side of the microstrip patch (17) antenna, so that a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited between the conductor patch and the ground plane, and mutually perpendicular electric field components are formed in the normal direction of the antenna surface, which can effectively increase the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna; the conformal antenna fairing (3) can be made of quartz fiber composite material to meet the different requirements of the radar high-frequency receiving main component for the wave-making low-loss printed circuit board. Simulation experiments show that the antenna has achieved good electrical performance indicators.

[0008] The present invention provides an antenna microstrip plate (10) fixedly connected by a multilayer dielectric plate 14 in a rectangular cavity 12 close to the back end of a conformal antenna fairing (3); the rectangular cavity 12 is connected to a melting heat chamber (13) filled with a composite phase change material PCM through a metal bottom plate partition wall; the sealing end cover 8 encapsulates the PCM in the melting heat chamber (13) to block the conduction of external heat. PCM absorbs / releases a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process at the phase change point, while maintaining isothermal or approximately isothermal advantages, and is flexible and diverse to install. Thermal control of high heat flux density antenna equipment is achieved without active heat dissipation. In addition, the rectangular cavity (12) is filled with a heat-insulating material with a low dielectric constant and a low thermal conductivity, and does not need to add an anti-supercooling agent and an anti-phase separation agent; the toxicity is very low, the corrosiveness is very small, there is no leakage problem, and no pollution is generated to the environment; the composition is stable, the phase change reversibility is good, and the service life is long. This type of composite material has good thermal protection performance and electrical performance parameters, and can meet the use requirements in a high temperature environment of 400 degrees Celsius. On the basis of meeting the electrical performance of the antenna, the conduction of external heat can be further blocked to reduce the internal temperature of the antenna. The PCM phase change composite material is filled in the melting heat chamber (13), and the excellent heat absorption capacity of the phase change material is utilized to provide active cooling and heat dissipation for the antenna, breaking the shackles of the low cooling performance of the previous conformal microstrip patch antenna, improving the durability of the conformal microstrip patch antenna, and increasing the service life.

[0009] The present invention uses a combination of thermal protection, thermal isolation, and phase change heat absorption technologies. Compared with traditional antennas, microstrip patch antennas are not only small in size, light in weight, low in profile, and easy to conform to, but also easy to integrate, low in cost, and suitable for mass production. In addition, they also have the advantages of diversified electrical performance. The microstrip patch antenna can be fed on the side or on the bottom of the substrate, so that the antenna can still have good structural strength and electrical performance parameters in a high temperature environment of 400 degrees Celsius, meeting the use requirements in the field of aerospace measurement and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0011] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional axial schematic diagram of an implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit mounted on a conformal surface mounting platform of an aircraft according to the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 3D isometric view of a conformal radiating element;

[0013] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 posterior three-dimensional axonometric view;

[0014] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional axis of the conformal radiation unit;

[0016] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Carrying platform, 2. Conformal radiation unit, 3. Conformal antenna fairing, 4. Countersunk screws, 5. L-shaped stepped box, 6. Connector screws, 7. RF connector, 8. Sealing end cover, 9. Sealing screws, 10. Antenna microstrip board, 11. Fastening screws, 12. Rectangular cavity, 13. Melting heat chamber, 14. Multilayer dielectric board, 15. Feed line, 16. Tuning branch, 17. Microstrip patch, 18 Coupling slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] See also Figure 1-Figure 4In the preferred embodiment described below, an implicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit comprises: a conformal radiating unit (2) conforming to the curved surface of a mounting platform (1) and adopting a data periodic array structure or a traveling wave array, an L-shaped stepped box body (5) fixedly connected to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3) by countersunk screws (4), and a radio frequency connector (7) fixedly connected to the back plate of the L-shaped stepped box body (5) by connector screws (6). An antenna microstrip plate (10) fixedly connected by a multilayer dielectric plate 14 is provided in a rectangular cavity 12 close to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3). The antenna microstrip plate (10) is fixed to the metal bottom plate by fastening screws (11). The rectangular cavity (12) is surrounded by magnetic walls to form a resonant cavity. The rectangular cavity (12) is connected to a melting heat chamber (13) filled with composite phase change material PCM through the metal bottom plate partition wall. The sealing end cover (8) encapsulates the PCM in the melting heat chamber (13) through the sealing screws (9) to block the conduction of external heat. The PCM is sealed at the sealing end. A solid-liquid phase transition occurs in the packaging cavity of the cover (8), and the material's own specific heat capacity is used to store / release heat, so as to sense the heat of the antenna microstrip plate (10) in a heat absorption / release energy conversion mode, thereby reducing the internal temperature of the antenna. The conformal radiation unit (2) is fed through a microstrip line or a coaxial line, and TM10 is fed on the wide side and long side of the microstrip patch (17) antenna, so that a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited between the conductor patch and the ground plate, and mutually perpendicular electric field components are formed in the normal direction of the antenna surface. The current is distributed in a standing wave on the transmission line with an open terminal, and radiates outward through the gap between the patch and the surrounding ground plates.

[0019] In the following optional embodiments: the conformal antenna fairing (3) is formed by high temperature resistant and low dielectric constant material, and the rectangular cavity (12) formed by the stepped box groove encapsulation on the L-shaped stepped box body (5) is filled with high temperature resistant and heat insulating material with low thermal conductivity, and the low dielectric constant substrate has relatively good high frequency performance at high frequencies.

[0020] The high temperature resistant and low dielectric constant material used in the conformal antenna fairing (3) may be a quartz fiber organic silicon composite material. The conformal antenna fairing (3) made of the quartz fiber composite material can effectively isolate the external temperature while maintaining good electrical performance parameters and structural strength.

[0021] The conformal radiation unit (2) is a high-temperature resistant detection antenna on a high-speed carrying platform and is conformally mounted on the high-speed carrying platform via a conformal antenna fairing (3).

[0022] The conformal antenna fairing (3) is designed into a corresponding curved surface according to the cross-sectional shape of the aircraft to achieve conformity with the mounting surface; the conformal antenna fairing (3) is fixed to the L-shaped stepped box body (5) by the conformal antenna fairing mounting screws (4). The phase change material has a certain fluidity after melting, and reliable sealing measures need to be taken when assembling the sealing end cover (8).

[0023] The phase change material PCM filled in the cavity of the melting heat chamber (13) in the lower step box body on the back of the L-shaped stepped box body (5) can be a graphite / paraffin composite phase change material. During operation, the external temperature is transferred to the bottom surface of the L-shaped stepped box body (5). As the temperature gradually rises, the composite phase change material PCM filled in the cavity of the melting heat chamber (13) undergoes a solid-liquid phase change in the packaging cavity. During this phase change process, a large amount of heat is absorbed, thereby reducing the bottom surface temperature of the L-shaped stepped box body (5), ensuring that the antenna microstrip board (10) and the RF connector (7) operate within an acceptable temperature range. The composite phase change material can be selected from No. 70 microcrystalline paraffin, which has low cost, high phase change temperature, large heat capacity, no pollution to the environment, and simple operation.

[0024] The antenna microstrip board (10) is fixed by fastening screws (11). After installation, the tail end soldering pin of the radio frequency connector (7) is firmly welded to the feeding point of the antenna microstrip board (10) using high-temperature solder. The distance from the feeding point to the center of the microstrip patch 17 is less than 5 mm, ensuring the miniaturization of the antenna volume. A grounding hole connected to the grounding layer and less than 0.5 mm is opened at the end of the feed line.

[0025] See also Figure 4 . The appearance of the carrier platform (1) is a high-speed flight communication equipment carrier with a cylindrical, spherical, regularly shaped cylindrical or spherical arbitrary curved surface. The microstrip patch 17 is conformally fixed on the carrier platform (1). A conformal coverage window for burying the microstrip antenna is reserved at the corresponding position on the carrier surface. The curvature of the outer surface is consistent with that of the carrier platform (1) to achieve conformal installation of the microstrip radiation unit / array and the carrier platform (1). Each unit in the rectangular planar array is the same, and each antenna in the n-element uniform linear array composed of n completely identical antennas is equipped with a controllable phase shifter, so the antenna array becomes a one-dimensional phased array antenna, and the antenna beam can be scanned in a larger spatial range;

[0026] The electromagnetic waves of the microstrip array composed of microstrip radiators radiate from the radiating patch, pass through the buried dielectric layer, and then to the air, and are fed to the phase shifters of each unit in the array according to a predetermined ratio. After phase shifting, they are fed to each unit of the array for radiation. The beam control command signal is input into the computer, and after calculation, it enters the phase shifter of each unit through the phase shifter control circuit, and controls the phase shift amount of each unit respectively, so as to obtain the required phase difference between adjacent units and point the antenna beam in the expected direction.

[0027] exist Figure 5-Figure 6In the invention, the antenna microstrip plate (10) is composed of a dielectric substrate, a ground plate, and a conductive sheet or microstrip line. A slot is formed on the long side of the ground plate of the microstrip patch 17. A slot is formed at the microstrip current deficiency position, and a coupling slot 18 is formed on the patch. A radiation open-circuit branch node is added to increase the parasitic coupling radiation unit to form a double-peak or multi-peak resonance. A tuning branch node 16 is arranged on the feed line. The slotted seam can reduce the return loss of the antenna. The return loss value is 1.08 dB smaller when the bottom plate is not slotted. When the resonant frequency is close, the bandwidth is widened; the resonant frequency of the slotted microstrip antenna is inversely proportional to the equivalent resonant length of the microstrip patch 17, the equivalent circuit of the rectangular patch is two slots with complex admittance with a distance of length L, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric layer is λm, L is λm / 2, the transmission line terminal is open, and it is distributed in a standing wave on the transmission line, and the two wide sides are the maximum voltage antinode points, and the middle is the cosine distribution wave node, where the current in the middle of the transmission line is the largest and the sinusoidal distribution current at both ends is the smallest, and its radiation field is superimposed in phase in the normal direction of the patch.

[0028] The structure of the antenna microstrip plate (10) microstrip patch 17 antenna can be composed of a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a ground plane. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is much smaller than the wavelength. The dielectric constant of the antenna microstrip plate (10) microstrip patch 17 antenna dielectric substrate is less than or equal to 10, and the thickness h is less than or equal to the wavelength; the metal thin layer at the bottom of the substrate is connected to the ground plane, and the front side is made of a metal thin layer with a specific shape as a radiator through a photolithography process. The shape of the radiator can be rectangular, circular, triangular or other regular shapes. The radiation characteristics are different for different shapes of the radiation patch. The radiation gaps at both ends of the rectangular patch are loaded with equivalent admittance, and the two gaps separated by a wide side L have complex admittance. The magnetic currents of the two wide side gaps are in the same direction, and their radiation fields are superimposed in the same phase in the normal direction of the patch.

[0029] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit, comprising: The invention is a device that conforms to the curved surface of a mounting platform (1), adopts a conformal radiation unit (2) of a data periodic array structure or a traveling wave array, uses a countersunk screw (4) to fix an L-shaped stepped box body (5) on the back end of a conformal antenna fairing (3), and uses a connector screw (6) to fix an RF connector (7) on the back plate of the L-shaped stepped box body (5). The invention is characterized in that: an antenna microstrip plate (10) fixedly connected by a multilayer dielectric plate (14) is provided in a rectangular cavity (12) close to the back end of the conformal antenna fairing (3), and the antenna microstrip plate (10) is fixed to a metal bottom plate by tightening screws (11). The rectangular cavity (12) is surrounded by magnetic walls to form a resonant cavity. The rectangular cavity (12) is connected to a molten metal filled with a composite phase change material PCM through the metal bottom plate partition wall. The heat-release chamber (13) is provided, and the sealed end cover (8) is used to encapsulate the PCM in the melting heat chamber (13) through the sealing screw (9) to block the conduction of external heat. The PCM undergoes a solid-liquid phase change in the encapsulation cavity of the sealed end cover (8), and uses the material's own specific heat capacity to store / release heat, so as to sense the heat of the antenna microstrip plate (10) in a heat absorption / release energy conversion manner, thereby reducing the internal temperature of the antenna. The conformal radiation unit (2) is fed through a microstrip line or a coaxial line, and TM10 is fed on the wide side and long side of the microstrip patch (17) antenna, so that a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited between the conductor patch and the ground plate, and mutually perpendicular electric field components are formed in the normal direction of the antenna surface. The current is distributed in a standing wave on the transmission line with an open terminal, and radiates outward through the gap between the patch and the surrounding ground plates; The antenna microstrip board (10) is fixed by fastening screws (11). After installation, the tail end soldering pin of the radio frequency connector (7) is firmly welded to the feeding point of the antenna microstrip board (10) with high temperature solder. The distance from the feeding point to the center of the microstrip patch (17) is less than 5 mm, and a grounding hole connected to the grounding layer and less than 0.5 mm is opened at the end of the feed line; Each unit in the rectangular planar array is the same. If each antenna in the n-element uniform linear array composed of n identical antennas is equipped with a controllable phase shifter, the rectangular planar array becomes a one-dimensional phased array antenna, and the antenna beam can be scanned in a larger spatial range. The electromagnetic waves of the microstrip array composed of microstrip radiating elements are radiated from the radiating patch, pass through the buried dielectric layer, and then to the air, and are fed to the phase shifters of each unit in the array according to a predetermined ratio. After phase shifting, they are fed to each unit of the array for radiation; the beam control command signal is input into the computer, and after calculation, it enters the phase shifter of each unit through the phase shifter control circuit, and controls their respective phase shift amounts, thereby obtaining the required phase difference between adjacent units and pointing the antenna beam in the expected direction.

2. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conformal antenna fairing (3) is formed by processing with a high temperature resistant and low dielectric constant material, and a high temperature resistant and heat insulating material with a low thermal conductivity is filled into a rectangular cavity (12) formed by encapsulating the stepped box groove on the L-shaped stepped box body (5).

3. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conformal radiation unit (2) is a high-temperature resistant detection antenna on a high-speed carrying platform and is conformally mounted on the high-speed carrying platform via a conformal antenna fairing (3).

4. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material PCM filled in the cavity of the melting heat chamber (13) in the lower step box body on the back side of the L-shaped stepped box body (5) is a graphite / paraffin composite phase change material; during operation, the external temperature is transmitted to the bottom surface of the L-shaped stepped box body (5), and as the temperature gradually rises, the composite phase change material PCM filled in the cavity of the melting heat chamber (13) undergoes a solid-liquid phase change in the packaging cavity, absorbing a large amount of heat during the solid-liquid phase change process, thereby reducing the bottom surface temperature of the L-shaped stepped box body (5).

5. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shape of the carrier platform (1) is a high-speed flight communication equipment carrier with a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, a regular cylindrical surface or an arbitrary spherical curved surface. The microstrip patch (17) is conformally fixed on the carrier platform (1). A conformal covering window for burying the microstrip antenna is reserved at a corresponding position on the carrier surface. The curvature of the outer surface is consistent with that of the carrier platform (1), so as to achieve conformal installation of the microstrip radiation unit / array and the carrier platform (1).

6. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resonant frequency of the slot microstrip antenna is inversely proportional to the equivalent resonant length of the microstrip patch (17); the equivalent circuit of the rectangular patch is two slots with complex admittance separated by a length L; the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric layer is λm, L is λm / 2, the transmission line terminal is open-circuited, and a standing wave distribution is present on the transmission line, and the two wide sides are the maximum voltage antinode points, and the middle is the cosine distribution wave node, wherein the current in the middle of the transmission line is the largest and the sine distribution current at both ends is the smallest, and its radiation field is superimposed in phase in the normal direction of the patch.

7. The implicit and explicit conformal high temperature resistant microstrip / patch antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna microstrip plate (10) is composed of a dielectric substrate, a ground plate, and a conductive sheet or microstrip line. A slot is formed on the long side of the ground plate of the microstrip patch (17). A slot is formed at the microstrip current deficiency position, and a coupling slit (18) is formed on the patch. A radiation open-circuit branch node is added to increase the parasitic coupling radiation unit to form a double-peak or multi-peak resonance. A tuning branch node (16) is arranged on the feed line to widen the bandwidth when the resonance frequency is close.

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