A method for characterizing the bearing temperature of tungsten-copper composite materials

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1: performing wire cutting on the tungsten-copper composite material after bearing a temperature load, grinding and polishing the cross-section of its surface layer, observing it through a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyzing and measuring the thickness of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation; Step 2: setting a fixed solution condition, and analyzing the temperature change and distribution of the tungsten-copper composite material under high-temperature load by a finite element method; Step 3: comparing the calculation result of Step 2 with the test result of Step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, the temperature result solved in Step 2 is accepted. If the difference is large, resetting the fixed solution condition in Step 2 for comparative analysis. The present invention can effectively determine the temperature of the tungsten-copper composite material, thereby providing a technical basis for evaluating the service status of the tungsten-copper composite material, and thereby effectively ensuring the safety of power grid operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tungsten-copper composite material, and in particular to a method for characterizing the bearing temperature of the tungsten-copper composite material. Background Art

[0002] As high-temperature structural components, tungsten-copper composites are widely used in a variety of fields, including high-voltage power grids, aerospace vehicles, and processing electrodes. Under the action of electric arcs or flames, tungsten-copper composites are subjected to high-temperature loads of thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees. Under the action of high-temperature loads, the surface of the tungsten-copper composite material undergoes ablation, causing partial shedding and cracking, which seriously affects the service performance of the tungsten-copper composite material and plays a decisive role in its service life. Due to the extremely harsh service environment of tungsten-copper composite materials, it is difficult to accurately determine their temperature distribution and size using ordinary testing methods and effective calculation means. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for characterizing the load-bearing temperature of tungsten-copper composite materials to provide the necessary technical basis for the safety assessment of tungsten-copper composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material. This method can effectively determine the temperature of the tungsten-copper composite material, thereby providing a technical basis for evaluating the service status of the tungsten-copper composite material, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of power grid operation.

[0004] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation;

[0007] Step 2: Set the solution conditions and use the finite element method to analyze the temperature change and distribution of the tungsten-copper composite material under high temperature load;

[0008] Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, re-set the fixed solution conditions in step 2 for comparative analysis.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the specific implementation method of step 2 is as follows:

[0010] Step 2.1: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite component and divide the mesh;

[0011] Step 2.2: Set the material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material;

[0012] Step 2.3: Apply heat flux load, convection and radiation boundary conditions;

[0013] Step 2.4: Set the load step and number of iterations according to the loading duration and solve the problem.

[0014] Step 2.5: Based on the melting points and boiling points of tungsten and copper, the temperature field obtained in step 2.4 is divided into pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material regions, and the thickness of each layer is determined.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the load-bearing portion of the tungsten-copper composite material is subjected to mesh refinement in step 2.1.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that the material properties in step 2.2 are temperature-related density, thermal conductivity and heat capacity, and the latent heat of phase change of tungsten and copper is taken into account.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that step 2.3 assumes that the load is evenly distributed on the bearing surface.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention is that step 2.4 is a transient finite element analysis.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that in step 2.4, the load step is set to 1 to 10 ms and the number of iterations is set to 100 to 400.

[0020] A further improvement of the present invention is that step 2.5 is based on the vaporization, melting of tungsten and copper phases and resolidification of tungsten phase at high temperature in the tungsten-copper composite material, and the formation of pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material area on the surface.

[0021] The present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] The present invention describes a method for characterizing the load-bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material. By combining finite element thermal conductivity analysis with test characterization, the method can accurately determine the temperature magnitude and distribution of the tungsten-copper composite material during service. This method utilizes a relatively simple and low-cost characterization method to analyze the temperature parameters of tungsten-copper composite materials in harsh environments, avoiding expensive instrument testing and cumbersome computational model analysis. This method provides an effective technical basis for analyzing the safe service life of tungsten-copper composite materials, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is the surface cross section of the tungsten-copper composite material of the present invention after high-temperature loading.

[0024] Figure 2The temperature distribution of the tungsten-copper composite material and the division results of each area calculated by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features described in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0026] The present invention provides a method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of each layer of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation;

[0028] Step 2: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite material component, divide the mesh, and refine the mesh of the load-bearing parts. Set the temperature-related material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material, and consider the phase change latent heat of the material using the equivalent heat capacity method. Apply heat flux load, convection and radiation boundary conditions to the tungsten-copper composite material component. According to the loading time, set the load step 1 to 10ms and the number of iterations 100 to 400, and solve it using the finite element method. According to the melting point and boiling point of tungsten and copper respectively, the temperature field to be solved is divided into three regions: pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material, and determine the thickness of each region respectively;

[0029] Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, re-set the fixed solution conditions in step 2 for comparative analysis.

[0030] Implementation Case 1

[0031] Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of each layer of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation;

[0032] Step 2: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite material component, divide the mesh, and refine the mesh of the load-bearing part. Set the temperature-related material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material and consider the phase change latent heat of the material using the equivalent heat capacity method. Apply a heat flux density load of 2GW / m to the tungsten-copper composite component. 2 , convection and radiation boundary conditions. Based on the loading time, set the load step to 1ms and the number of iterations to 100, and solve it using the finite element method. According to the melting and boiling points of tungsten and copper, the temperature field to be solved is divided into pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material regions, and the thickness of each layer is determined separately;

[0033] Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, adjust the heat flux load size in step 2 and solve it for comparative analysis.

[0034] Implementation Case 2

[0035] Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of each layer of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation;

[0036] Step 2: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite material component, divide the mesh, and refine the mesh of the load-bearing part. Set the temperature-related material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material and consider the phase change latent heat of the material using the equivalent heat capacity method. Apply a heat flux load of 3GW / m to the tungsten-copper composite component. 2 , convection and radiation boundary conditions. Based on the loading time, set the load step to 1ms and the number of iterations to 150, and solve it using the finite element method. According to the melting and boiling points of tungsten and copper, the temperature field to be solved is divided into pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material regions, and the thickness of each layer is determined separately;

[0037] Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, adjust the heat flux load size in step 2 and solve it for comparative analysis.

[0038] Implementation Case 3

[0039] Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of each layer of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation;

[0040] Step 2: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite material component, divide the mesh, and refine the mesh of the load-bearing part. Set the temperature-related material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material and consider the phase change latent heat of the material using the equivalent heat capacity method. Apply a heat flux load of 5GW / m to the tungsten-copper composite component. 2 , convection and radiation boundary conditions. Based on the loading time, set the load step to 1ms and the number of iterations to 200, and solve it using the finite element method. According to the melting and boiling points of tungsten and copper, the temperature field to be solved is divided into pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material regions, and the thickness of each layer is determined separately;

[0041] Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. If the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test result, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, adjust the heat flux load size in step 2 and solve it for comparative analysis.

[0042] The present invention discloses a method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material. Compared with traditional measurement or calculation methods, the method uses the thickness of pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material areas formed after vaporization, melting, splashing and resolidification during surface ablation of the tungsten-copper composite material as a reference, and calculates and determines the temperature field of the tungsten-copper composite material by adjusting the fixed solution conditions.

[0043] In the temperature calculation of the method of the present invention, the grid of the load-bearing area of ​​the tungsten-copper composite material is refined, the material properties of the temperature-related tungsten-copper composite material are used, and the phase change latent heat of the material is considered by the equivalent heat capacity method. The obtained temperature field is relatively accurate.

[0044] The method of the present invention takes into account the temperature-related material properties and radiation boundary conditions of the tungsten-copper composite material, involves highly nonlinear calculations, sets the number of iterations in the finite element calculation to 100 to 400, and turns on the result prediction function, which can effectively ensure the convergence of the calculation.

[0045] The method of the present invention is used to indirectly characterize the load-bearing temperature field of the tungsten-copper composite material. The method is relatively simple, highly practical and low-cost, and can accurately determine the temperature field condition of the tungsten-copper composite material, thereby providing an effective technical basis for the safe service analysis of the tungsten-copper composite material.

Claims

1. A method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Wire-cut the tungsten-copper composite material after the temperature load, grind and polish the cross-section of its surface, observe it with a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope, and analyze and measure the thickness of the pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material after ablation; Step 2: Set the solution conditions and use the finite element method to analyze the temperature change and distribution of the tungsten-copper composite material under high temperature load; the specific implementation method is as follows: Step 2.1: Establish the geometric model of the tungsten-copper composite component and divide the mesh; Step 2.2: Set the material properties of the tungsten-copper composite material; Step 2.3: Apply heat flux load, convection and radiation boundary conditions; Step 2.4: Set the load step and number of iterations according to the loading duration and solve the problem. Step 2.5: Based on the melting points and boiling points of tungsten and copper, the temperature field obtained in step 2.4 is divided into pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton, and tungsten-copper composite material regions, and the thickness of each layer is determined. Step 3: Compare the calculation results of step 2 with the test results of step 1. When the calculated layer thickness is consistent with the test results, accept the temperature result solved in step 2. If the difference is large, re-set the fixed solution conditions in step 2 for comparative analysis.

2. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2.1, the load-bearing part of the tungsten-copper composite material is mesh refined.

3. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The material properties in step 2.2 are the temperature-dependent density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity, and the latent heat of phase change of tungsten and copper is taken into account.

4. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: Step 2.3 assumes that the load is evenly distributed on the bearing surface.

5. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: Step 2.4 is transient finite element analysis.

6. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2.4, set the load step to 1 to 10 ms and the number of iterations to 100 to 400.

7. The method for characterizing the bearing temperature of a tungsten-copper composite material according to claim 1, wherein: Step 2.5 is based on the vaporization, melting of tungsten and copper phases and re-solidification of tungsten phase at high temperature in the tungsten-copper composite material, and the formation of pure tungsten, tungsten skeleton and tungsten-copper composite material areas on the surface.

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