Multicomponent system and method for producing a multicomponent system, in particular for microelectronic applications

Abstract

The invention relates to a conductive multi-component system (10, 110) having at least one first substance (S1) and at least one substrate (B), wherein a) the first substance (S1) is present in one or more substance parts, b) at least one first substance part is formed with at least one first functional group (R) and is provided with a first linker (L), and / or wherein the substrate (B) is formed with at least one second functional group (R) and is provided with a second linker (L), c) the first functional group (R) reacts with the second functional group (R) and / or the substrate via a predetermined interaction and connects them to one another and / or wherein the second functional group (R) reacts with the first functional group (R) and / or the first substance (S1) via a predetermined interaction and connects them to one another, d) the substance parts of the first substance (S1) are present as particles or in the form of particles and are at least partially conductive. The invention also relates to a method for producing the conductive multi-component system (10, 110).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to multicomponent systems and methods for producing multicomponent systems, in particular for microelectronic applications.

[0002] Multicomponent systems are known in the prior art.

[0003] From US 2012 / 0107601 A1 a capsule system is known which reacts to pressure and releases a liquid accordingly.

[0004] Other capsule systems are known, for example, from WO 2017 / 192407 A1, US 8,747,999 B2, WO 2017 042709 A1, WO 2016 / 049308 A1 and WO 2018 / 028058 A1.

[0005] A method for forming a conductive layer having a molecular component is known from US 2018 / 0062076 A1, in which a plurality of conductive nanoparticles are connected to one another.

[0006] The functionalization of metal nanoparticles is known, for example, from WO 2015 / 103028 A1, CA 2712306 C and US Pat. No. 8,790,552 B2.

[0007] In Puebla-Hellmann G., et al. (2018), “Metallic nanoparticle contacts for high-yield, ambient-stable molecular-monolayer devices”, Nature, Vol. 559, a method for using molecules for electronic applications is described, in which self-assembled monolayer (SAM) sandwich structures are used.

[0008] Thiol functionalization is known, for example, from Kelion J.E., Young S.L., & Hutchison J.E. (2019), “Engineering the Nanoparticle-Electrode Interface”, Chemistry of Materials, 31(8), 2685-2701; additionally from Kubackova J., et al. (2014), “Sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of organochlorine pesticides by alkyl dithiol-functionalized metal nanoparticles-induced plasmonic hot spots”, Analytical Chemistry 87.1, 663-669; furthermore from Ahonen P., Laaksonen T., A, Ruokolainen J., & Kontturi K. (2006), “Formation of stable Ag-nanoparticle aggregates induced by dithiol cross-linking”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(26), 12954-12958; and from Dong T.Y., Huang C., Chen C.P., & Lin M.C. (2007), “Molecular self-assembled monolayers of ruthenium(II)-terpyridine dithiol complex on gold electrode and nanoparticles”, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 692(23), 5147-5155; as well as from Hofmann, A., Schmiel, P., Stein, B., & Graf, C. (2011), “Controlled formation of gold nanoparticle dimers using multivalent thiol ligands”, Langmuir, 27(24), 15165-15175.

[0009] Furthermore, solutions related to selective conduction capabilities are also known from US 5,731,073, US 5,498,467, EP 0 841 698, WO 2017 / 139654 A1, WO 2017 / 138483 A1, KR 101195732 B1 and US 2010 / 0327237 A1.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an electrically conductive multi-component system and a method for producing an electrically conductive multi-component system, in particular to enable controlled metering of the components of the multi-component system and their arrangement, so as to increase the reaction efficiency of the multi-component system on the one hand and to achieve a precise and accurately defined electrical conductivity on the other hand.

[0011] According to the invention, the object is achieved by a multi-component system having the features of claim 1. A conductive multi-component system having at least one first substance and at least one substrate is provided, wherein a) the first substance is present in one or more substance parts, b) at least one first substance part is formed with at least one first functional group and is provided with a first linker (or linking group) and / or wherein the substrate is formed with at least one second functional group and is provided with a second linker, c) the first functional group reacts with the second functional group and / or the substrate via a predetermined interaction and connects them to one another and / or wherein the second functional group reacts with the first functional group and / or the first substance via a predetermined interaction and connects them to one another, d) the substance parts of the first substance are present as particles or in particle form and are at least partially conductive.

[0012] The invention is based on the basic idea that at least one first substance and at least one substrate are arranged in a defined manner relative to one another by means of a defined spatial arrangement by means of a linker and a connection by means of functional groups. Thus, the first substance and the substrate can now be arranged in a defined ratio (relationship) and at a defined distance. Conductivity can be achieved by corresponding activation, in particular in the region in which the first substance is bonded to the substrate. Even in very small structures, conductivity can be produced in a very specific and well-defined manner. In particular, it is conceivable that conductive connections in the micrometer range or nanometer range or smaller are produced here by means of a multicomponent system, which are usually produced by bonding or soldering or gluing or the like. The at least one particle can in particular be a microparticle or a nanoparticle.

[0013] In particular, it can be provided that the conductivity of the material part is electrical conductivity and / or thermal conductivity and / or signal conductivity.

[0014] It is conceivable that the particles can self-assemble or self-align. Here, the particles can be arranged independently on the substrate in a predeterminable or predetermined direction, for example, a conductor track.

[0015] Self-assembly can be achieved, for example, by thiol groups (SAM surfaces, see also below) and / or Janus (nano) particles, and / or plate-like particles, and / or by magnetism (particle and surface magnetism) and / or by electrostatic interactions. Such interactions can be achieved, for example, by positively charged surfaces, negatively charged surfaces and / or by weak interactions and / or by chemical reactions, such as linking chemistry (e.g. Thiol-Ene-Click-Chemie), Michael reactions, etc.

[0016] Furthermore, it can be provided that the distance between the functional group and the substance moiety and the substrate is determined by the corresponding linker.

[0017] The substrate can be a circuit board or printed circuit board or a conductor track, for example in the field of semiconductor technology (wafer (for example silicon wafer or silicon wafer) or chip). In particular in the field of microelectronics, i.e. when connecting conductor tracks on circuit boards or chips or 3D integrated bodies etc., an electrically conductive connection at the correct position is of great advantage, which is also stable, has a higher conductivity, has fewer short circuits and allows miniaturization. The electrically conductive connection can be produced on the substrate by means of a multi-component system as follows: first the multi-component system is positioned, in which case position correction is also possible; then the multi-component system is activated (for example as described below) and the electrically conductive connection is produced.

[0018] If (individual (or single)) particles are used, it is possible, for example, to produce an electrically conductive connection between two conductor tracks by the particles contacting the two conductor tracks and then being fixed there accordingly by activation.

[0019] In the case where a plurality (or a plurality) of particles are present, the particles are in contact with one another and form a “constant path” between two conductor tracks. This also produces a correspondingly conductive connection.

[0020] Activation releases the particles. The particles then align themselves at the desired locations (so-called self-assembly) via, for example, terminal sulfhydryl groups or conductive polymers or via Janus (nano) particles. This process can also be supported, for example, by magnetic and / or electric fields.

[0021] It can also be provided that the substrate is a second substance.

[0022] In particular, it can be provided that the functional groups of the substance part of the first substance and the functional groups of the substrate bind specifically to one another.

[0023] In particular, it can also be provided that the functional groups of the substance moieties bind selectively to metal surfaces, for example SAM surfaces (self-organized monolayers).

[0024] The nanoparticles may consist at least partially of silver, gold and / or copper and / or composites and / or other metals or alloys thereof and / or other materials.

[0025] Furthermore, it can be provided that the substrate is a surface or has a surface. The surface can be, for example, a wafer, a (micro)chip, a flexible electronic device or a printed circuit board or the like. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the surface is a conductive substrate. The substrate can also be a substrate with printed conductors. The printed conductors can, for example, be deposited, printed or etched. The printed conductors can also be applied to the substrate using thin-film technology or some other technology.

[0026] In particular, it can be provided that the size of the nanoparticles is smaller than the distance between the conductor tracks.

[0027] It is also conceivable that the first connector is longer than the second connector, or vice versa. This leads to the advantage that, for example, the distance between the first substances after corresponding bonding is greater or smaller than the distance between the first substance and the substrate.

[0028] Alternatively, both connectors are of the same length.

[0029] The linker can be any form of connection between a moiety and a functional group.

[0030] The linker may also be any type of direct connection between the substance moiety and / or the capsule and / or the substrate and the functional group.

[0031] Possible linkers include biopolymers, proteins, silk, polysaccharides, cellulose, starch, chitin (chitin), nucleic acids, synthetic polymers, homopolymers, DNA, halogens, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polylactams, natural rubber, polyisoprene, copolymers, random copolymers, gradient copolymers, alternating copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), butyl rubber, polymer blends, polymer alloys, inorganic polymers, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazenes, polysilazanes, ceramics, basalts, isotactic polymers, syndiotactic polymers, atactic polymers, linear polymers, cross-linked polymers, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermosetting polymers, semicrystalline linkers, thermoplastics, cis-trans polymers, conductive polymers, supramolecular polymers.

[0032] It is also conceivable that the functional group is homogeneous or heterogeneous. For example, it is conceivable that a substance and the relevant functional group are heterogeneous, that is, different functional groups can be used. This is desirable, for example, when it is desired to achieve the following: for example, in the manufacturing process, some connectors are first provided with protective groups and will be used for some combinations (or binding), such as the first substance and the first substance or the first substance and the substrate (or the substrate and the substrate). It is also conceivable that the first functional group can connect two material parts, and the different second functional groups can connect the first substance to the substrate. It is also conceivable that the first functional group can combine material parts, and the different second functional groups can change the characteristics of the capsule, such as biocompatibility, solubility, aggregation or similar characteristics. It is also conceivable that heterogeneous functional groups make it possible to design three-component or multi-component systems.

[0033] Instead of a protective group, it is also possible to provide alternatively for two bonds to be present, wherein the first bond binds the capsules to one another and the second bond binds the capsule or the substance part or substance to a substrate, a surface or a fiber or the like.

[0034] However, it is also conceivable that all functional groups are homogeneous, ie identically formed. In the case of a heterogeneous design, it is also conceivable to combine this with other properties or differences in the linker design (eg length, angle, linker type, etc.).

[0035] It is also conceivable that the substance of the first substance is arranged in a capsule, in particular in a nanocapsule and / or a microcapsule. Encapsulation can easily provide a first substance of a defined mass or a defined volume for a conductive multi-component system. For a multi-capsule system or, for example, a two-component capsule system (2K-capsule system), the capsule contents can be combined with each other in a defined amount and / or a defined ratio or amount and distance in a separate volume until the capsule is activated and the contents of the capsule can react with each other or be forced to react with each other or mix when the capsules have the same contents. One or more substance parts of the substance are arranged or packaged in each capsule. It is also conceivable that the capsule contains a plurality of substance parts. The capsule arrangement with the first substance (or the second or third substance) can also be referred to as a capsule complex and has a function roughly similar to a (micro) reaction flask, in which the reagents are mixed with each other after activation at a defined time point and the reaction between the substances is started. A large number of these capsule complexes makes the effect cumulative, and a greater effect occurs or the mixing and reaction of the substances is improved. Another advantage comes from the better mixing of the individual substances or reaction components with each other, so that - compared with previous systems - higher conversion rates can be achieved, while reducing material consumption.

[0036] Possible capsule types include, for example, double capsules, multi-core capsules, capsules with cationic or anionic properties, capsules with different shell materials, Janus particles, lamellar particles, porous capsules, capsules with multiple shells, capsules with metal nanoparticles, matrix capsules and / or hollow capsules, capsules with multiple layers of shell material (so-called multilayer microcapsules) and / or empty porous capsules (e.g. for encapsulating odors).

[0037] Furthermore, it can be provided that the capsules for the first substance have the same size. This results in an adjustment of the volume ratio of the first substance to the substrate (or vice versa) and / or an adjustment of the activation behavior (if at least part of the multicomponent system is activatable).

[0038] It is also conceivable that at least part of the multi-component system is activatable and that the activation of the multi-component system is carried out by at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, penetration, temperature, light intensity, moisture, etc. This has the advantage that the time point of activation can be precisely controlled. It is conceivable to provide one or more activation mechanisms. In the case of providing a plurality of activation mechanisms, redundant activation options are created. Thus, for example, it is ensured that activation is always possible.

[0039] Furthermore, it can be provided that the nanoparticles consist of a metallic material and have a surface coating, in particular a metallic surface coating and / or a surface functionalization. In particular, the nanoparticles can have electrical conductivity and / or magnetic properties.

[0040] The metallic surface coating may comprise any metal and / or any metal alloy, in particular gold, silver, copper and / or bronze.

[0041] In particular, magnetic, electrically conductive nanoparticles (coated with an electrically conductive metal) can thus be obtained.

[0042] The metal surface of the nanoparticles can be achieved by functionalization with terminal reactive groups, in particular with polymers having at least one thiol group, for example 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or the like, or more thiol groups, for example dithiols, in particular 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,3-propanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,5-pentanedithiol, benzene-1,4-dithiol, 2,2'-ethylenedioxydiethanethiol, 1,6-hexanedithiol, tetrakis(ethylene glycol)dithiol, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1,9-nonanedithiol, 1,11-undecanedithiol, hexa(ethylene glycol)dithiol, 1,16-hexadecanedithiol or the like.

[0043] It is also conceivable that the nanoparticles are, for example, round, oval, angular, rod-shaped, rhombus-shaped, spherical, egg-shaped, cuboid, cylindrical, conical or star-shaped or take any other common or unusual shape.

[0044] Furthermore, the surface coating and / or the surface functionalization can be formed at least partially, in particular completely, by terminal functional groups and / or linkers which selectively bind to the metal surface and / or the SAM surface and / or the stabilizer.

[0045] Generally, stabilization of the nanoparticles can be performed by steric stabilization, electrostatic and / or electrochemical stabilization and / or other stabilization methods.

[0046] In particular, it can be provided that the stabilizer is polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and / or citrate, and / or an organic ligand or the like.

[0047] Furthermore, the surface coating may be a conductive surface coating, such as a conductive polymer.

[0048] It is also conceivable that the nanoparticles are stabilized by a matrix, in particular an environmental matrix.

[0049] Furthermore, it can be provided that the matrix consists of at least one polymer, an adhesive or another electrically non-conductive material.

[0050] It is also conceivable that the nanoparticles each have at least one shell and at least one core. For example, so-called core-shell or core-shell-shell nanoparticles are conceivable.

[0051] Furthermore, it can be provided that the core contains an environmental matrix.

[0052] It can also be provided that the nanoparticles are accommodated in particles, wherein the particles have at least one core and at least one shell, wherein the core or at least one core contains at least one nanoparticle.

[0053] It is conceivable that the core consists of at least one magnetic metal, in particular iron, nickel, cobalt, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium and / or erbium.

[0054] It is conceivable that the nanoparticles are magnetic nanoparticles and / or are not provided with functional groups.

[0055] It is contemplated that the surface coating is formed with terminal functional groups and / or linkers that selectively bind to the metal surface, and / or form a SAM surface and / or stabilizer and in a polar solvent.

[0056] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least some of the nanoparticles are arranged in a first capsule and that a second substance portion is provided which is also arranged in at least one capsule, wherein the capsules are in each case activatable.

[0057] The nanoparticles may have substantially the same size and / or the second substance portion may have substantially the same size. Size may particularly refer to spatial extent, but may also refer to mass or occupied volume. It is conceivable that the nanoparticles and the second substance portion each have the same size or amount.

[0058] However, it is also conceivable in particular that the nanoparticles and the second substance portion have different sizes.

[0059] For example, it is conceivable that the nanoparticles are in a first capsule and the adhesive, in particular an epoxy resin or a PU adhesive or an acrylate adhesive, is in a second capsule. In particular, a double microcapsule can be provided. The nanoparticles in the first capsule and the epoxy resin in the second capsule can be released by activation. This allows the formation of electrically conductive bonding points. The activation can be carried out as described above. In particular, this allows a precisely controlled (in time and space) conductivity of the substrate to be achieved.

[0060] Any type of one-component adhesive and / or resin in the sense of an adhesive is conceivable.

[0061] Any form of multi-component adhesives, in particular resins and curing agents, can also be envisioned. In the case of multi-component adhesives, the components can be present in different capsules and / or capsule groups and / or capsule types. Two-component adhesives are also conceivable (e.g., capsules for granules, capsules for a first adhesive component and a second capsule for a second adhesive component).

[0062] It is envisaged that the capsules (or substance portions) may be activated simultaneously and emptied simultaneously.

[0063] It is conceivable that the capsules may be activated one by one and emptied one by one.

[0064] The choice of size also determines the corresponding (local) volume and / or the corresponding local concentration of the corresponding substance.

[0065] The multicomponent system can have a network structure with gaps, wherein the network structure is formed by material parts of the first substance, wherein the surrounding medium and, if appropriate, at least in sections, at least one material part of the second substance are arranged in the gaps.

[0066] The capsules are formed or functionalized with a linker and a functional group. The linker should crosslink the capsules to one another. It can be provided that the functional groups are also provided with protective groups. The distance between the capsules can be determined by the length of the linker. The length of the linker is selected so that the radius of the contents of the capsules emptied of liquid slightly overlaps the volume of the adjacent capsules to ensure crosslinking. In the case of a more viscous ambient medium, the length of the linker is selected to be smaller than in the case of a less viscous medium, such as a paste or a liquid.

[0067] Generally, the in-line (intra-linking, or intra-group cross-linking) of capsules is possible. In this case, the capsules of a capsule group are cross-linked with each other.

[0068] Typically, capsules with the same contents can be cross-linked by interlinking.

[0069] Generally, the interlinking (intervernetzung, or called intergroup crosslinking) of capsules is possible as an alternative or in addition. Here, capsules from at least two different capsule groups are crosslinked with each other.

[0070] Typically, capsules with different contents can be cross-linked via intermolecular cross-linking.

[0071] A selected release profile can also be achieved by capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system. For example, a gradual and / or delayed release of various substances can be envisaged.

[0072] It is also conceivable that in a batch process, two capsule populations of a two-component capsule system on a carrier material are interconnected with each other with identical contents but different activation mechanisms. This can achieve a more sustained release compared to a one-component capsule system.

[0073] The capsules can generally be manufactured by physical methods, chemical methods, physicochemical methods and / or the like.

[0074] Capsules can generally be made by solvent evaporation, thermal gelation, gel formation, interfacial polycondensation, polymerization, spray drying, fluidized bed, droplet freezing, extrusion, supercritical fluid, coacervation, air suspension, pan coating (pan coating), coextrusion, solvent extraction, molecular incorporation, spray crystallization, phase separation, emulsion, in situ polymerization, insolubility, interfacial deposition, emulsification with nanomolecular sieves, ionotropic gelation, coacervate phase separation, matrix polymerization, interfacial crosslinking, coagulation, centrifugal extrusion and / or one or more other methods.

[0075] The shell of the capsule may generally comprise at least one polymer, wax resin, protein, polysaccharide, gum arabic, maltodextrin, inulin, metal, ceramic, acrylate, microgel, phase change material, and / or one or more other substances.

[0076] The shell of the capsule may generally not be porous or not completely porous. The shell of the capsule may generally be almost completely impermeable or completely impermeable.

[0077] The core of the capsule may generally be solid, liquid and / or gas.

[0078] In general, the capsules can be formed from linear polymers, multivalent polymers, star-shaped polyethylene glycols, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), carbon nanotubes, ring-shaped polymers, DNA, dendrimers, ladder polymers and / or similar substances.

[0079] As SAM surface, disulfide, phosphoric acid, silane, thiol and polyelectrolyte can be used. In particular, acetylcysteine, dimercaptosuccinic acid, dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid, ethanethiol (ethanethiol (Ethylmercaptan)), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), captopril, coenzyme A, cysteine, penicillamine, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, glutathione, homocysteine, mesna, mercapto undecanoic acid, mercapto undecane alcohol, methyl mercaptan (methyl mercaptan (Methylmercaptan)) and / or thiophenol can be used.

[0080] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a conductive multi-component system having at least one first substance and at least one substrate, wherein the first substance is present in one or more substance parts, the method comprising the following steps:

[0081] - at least one or more first material parts are formed with at least one first functional group and provided with a first linker, and / or the substrate is formed with at least one second functional group and provided with a second linker,

[0082] The first functional group reacts with the second functional group and / or the substrate via a predetermined interaction to establish a conductive connection, and / or wherein the second functional group reacts with the first functional group and / or the first substance via a predetermined interaction to establish a conductive connection.

[0083] In particular, it is conceivable that the method is carried out in such a way that an electrically conductive multi-component system is provided, which has at least one first substance and at least one second material, wherein the first substance is present in a plurality of substance parts, the method comprising the steps of:

[0084] - a first material portion is formed with at least one first functional group and is provided with a first linker,

[0085] - the second material is formed with at least one second functional group and is provided with a second linker,

[0086] - the first functional group reacts with the second functional group via a predetermined interaction, thereby connecting them to each other, and

[0087] The distance between the functional group and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker.

[0088] In particular, it can be provided that the first substance part is formed with at least one third functional group and is provided with a third linker, wherein the third functional groups each have at least one protecting group, so that only the correspondingly functionalized substance part of the first substance is bound to the substance part of the first substance, and wherein the method further comprises at least the following steps: the protecting group is initially present and is only removed when the first substance parts are to be connected to each other via the third functional group. This prevents the substance part of the first substance (i.e. the first substance part), in particular the capsule, from already and initially being connected to other substance parts of the first substance. The protecting group can be removed after being provided in the form of a gaseous, low-viscosity, liquid, high-viscosity or solid phase, whereby inlining occurs.

[0089] Furthermore, it can be provided that the multi-component system is a multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 12 .

[0090] Possible protecting groups include acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, β-methoxyethoxymethyl ether, methoxytriyl, 4-(methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, dimethoxytrityl, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, methoxymethyl ether, p-methoxybenzyl ether, methylthiomethyl ether, pivaloyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, trityl, triphenylmethyl, silyl ether, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triisopropylsiloxymethyl, triisopropylsilyl , methyl ether, ethoxyethyl ether, p-methoxybenzylcarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, carbamate, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, one or more toluenesulfonyl or nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nosyl), methyl ester, benzyl ester, tert-butyl ester, 2,6-disubstituted phenol ester (e.g., 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), silyl ester, orthoester, Oxazoline, etc.

[0091] Possible materials for capsule coating include albumin, gelatin, curcumin, agarose, chitosan, starch, carrageenan, polystarch, polydextran, lactide, glycolide and copolymers, polyalkyl cyanoacrylates, polyanhydrides, polyethyl methacrylate, acrolein, glycidyl methacrylate, epoxy polymers, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, arabinogalactan, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene polymethacrylate, polyamide (nylon), polyethylene vinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, silicone (or organosilicon), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), paraffin, carnauba oil, spermaceti, beeswax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, zein, hydrogels, and the like.

[0092] Possible functional groups include alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, phenyl substituents, benzyl substituents, vinyls, allyls, carbenes, halogenated alkyls, phenols, ethers, epoxides, ethers, peroxides, ozonides, aldehydes, hydrates, imines, oximes, hydrazones, hemiacetals, hemiketals, lactols, acetals / ketals, amine acetals, carbonates, carboxylates, lactones, orthoesters, anhydrides, imides, carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid derivatives, amides, lactams, peroxyacids, nitriles, carbamates, ureas, guanidines, carbodiimides, amines, anilines, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, hydrazones, azo compounds, nitro compounds, thiols, mercaptanes, sulfides, phosphines, p-ylenes, p-ylidenes, biotin, streptavidin, metallocenes, and the like.

[0093] Possible release mechanisms include diffusion, dissolution, degradation control, erosion, pressure, induction, ultrasound, etc.

[0094] It is conceivable that there is a combined release mechanism.

[0095] Possible fields of application of the method or system according to the invention include biotechnology, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, medical technology and / or microtechnology, among others.

[0096] In principle, other areas of application are also possible.

[0097] Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained on the basis of an exemplary embodiment which is shown in more detail in the drawing.

[0098] The accompanying drawings show:

[0099] Figure 1 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multi-component system having a first substance and a substrate;

[0100] Figure 2 According to another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system of the present invention having a first substance and a second substance;

[0101] Figure 3 according to Figure 1 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0102] Figure 4 according to Figure 1 or Figure 3 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0103] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of the indirect connection according to the invention of two different material parts;

[0104] Figure 6An exemplary embodiment of the inlining according to the invention of two identical material portions;

[0105] Figure 7 According to the invention, the multi-component system 10, 110 (according to Figure 1 and 2 ) another exemplary embodiment;

[0106] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of the interlinked capsule system according to the present invention;

[0107] Fig. 9 according to Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of an interlinked and inline multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0108] Fig.10 Flow chart of the production workflow according to the invention of the conductive multi-component system according to the invention;

[0109] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0110] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0111] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0112] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0113] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0114] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0115] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0116] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0117] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0118] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0119] Fig.21 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0120] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0121] Fig.23 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0122] Fig.24 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0123] Fig.25 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0124] Fig.26 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0125] Fig. 27 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0126] Fig.28 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0127] Fig.29 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0128] Fig.30 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0129] Fig.31 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0130] Fig.32 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0131] Fig.33 Schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0132] Fig.34 A schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the present invention; and

[0133] Fig.35 Schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the invention of a multicomponent system.

[0134] Figure 1An exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive multi-component system 10 according to the invention having a first substance S1 and a substrate B is shown.

[0135] In principle, any type of conductivity (electrical, thermal, signal, etc.) can be generated in this way.

[0136] In this exemplary embodiment, the electrically conductive multi-component system 10 comprises a first substance S1 .

[0137] The first substance S1 exists in a plurality of substance parts.

[0138] The first substance portion is formed with a functional group R (R2).

[0139] Alternatively, the first material portion may be formed with more than one functional group R.

[0140] The first material portion is provided with a first linker L (L1).

[0141] As an alternative, the electrically conductive multi-component system may comprise more than one first substance S1.

[0142] In this exemplary embodiment, the conductive multi-component system 10 includes a substrate B.

[0143] As an alternative, the electrically conductive multi-component system 10 may include more than one substrate B.

[0144] In this exemplary embodiment, the substrate B is formed with at least one second functional group R (R21).

[0145] In this exemplary embodiment, the substrate B has the second connector L ( L2 ).

[0146] Figure 1 What is not shown is that the first functional group R (R2) reacts with the second functional group R (R21) through a predetermined interaction and connects them to each other.

[0147] Figure 1 Not shown here is that the distance between the functional groups R (R2, R21) and the substance parts and the substrate B is determined by the respective linkers L (L1, L2), wherein the substance parts of the first substance S1 are present as nanoparticles or as nanoparticles and are at least partially conductive.

[0148] Figure 1 What is not shown in the figure is that the nanoparticles are ferromagnetic nanoparticles and are coated with an electrically conductive metal surface coating.

[0149] In general, however, other magnetic nanoparticles or electrically conductive surfaces are also conceivable.

[0150] Figure 1Not shown in FIG. 1 , substrate B may be a surface or a surface.

[0151] Figure 1 What is not shown is that the surface may be a wafer or a printed circuit board or the like.

[0152] Figure 1 What is not shown is that the surface may be a conductive substrate B.

[0153] Figure 1 What is not shown here is that, as an alternative, the surface can be provided with conductor tracks.

[0154] Figure 1 Also not shown is that the first connector L (L1) may be longer than the second connector L (L2), or vice versa.

[0155] Figure 1 Also not shown in FIG. 1 , the functional groups R (R2, R21) can be formed homogeneously or heterogeneously.

[0156] also, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that substance parts of the first substance S1 can be arranged in capsules K, in particular nanocapsules and / or microcapsules.

[0157] Figure 1 What is not explicitly shown in FIG. 1 is that the capsules K1 for the first substance S1 can have the same size.

[0158] Figure 1 Also not shown is that at least a portion of the multi-component system 10 is activatable and that the activation of the multi-component system 10 is carried out by at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, penetration, temperature, light intensity, humidity, ultrasound, etc.

[0159] In other words, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that an electrically conductive system can be achieved by activating one or more parts of the multicomponent system.

[0160] Figure 1 Also not shown here is that the nanoparticles consist of a metallic material and have a surface coating, in particular a metallic surface coating and / or a surface functionalization.

[0161] also, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that the surface coating and / or surface functionalization is formed at least partially, in particular completely, by terminal functional groups R and / or linkers L, which selectively bind to the metal surface and / or the SAM surface and / or the stabilizer.

[0162] Figure 1 What is not shown here is that nanoparticles can generally be stabilized by a matrix, in particular an environmental matrix.

[0163] also, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that the nanoparticles each have at least one shell S and at least one core C.

[0164] also, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that the nanoparticles are accommodated in a particle, wherein the particle has at least one core C and at least one shell S, wherein the core C or at least one core C contains at least one nanoparticle.

[0165] also, Figure 1 What is not shown here is that at least some of the nanoparticles are arranged in a first capsule K1 and are provided with a second substance portion S3 which is likewise arranged in at least one capsule K, wherein each capsule K is activatable.

[0166] Figure 1 Not shown in the figure is a corresponding method for producing an electrically conductive multi-component system having at least one first substance S1 and at least one substrate B, wherein the first substance S1 is present in a plurality of substance parts, comprising the following steps:

[0167] - a first substance portion S1 is formed with at least one first functional group R (R2) and is provided with a first linker L (L1),

[0168] - the substrate B is formed with at least one second functional group R (R21) and is provided with a second linker L (L2),

[0169] - the first functional group R (R2) reacts with the second functional group R (R21) through a predetermined interaction, thereby connecting them to each other, and

[0170] The distance between the functional group R (R2, R21) and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker L (L1, L2).

[0171] Figure 1 Also not shown is that the first substance portion is formed with at least one third functional group R (R1) and is provided with a third linker L (L3), wherein the third functional groups R (R1) can each have at least one protecting group, so that only the corresponding functionalized substance portion of the first substance S1 can be combined with the substance portion of the first substance S1, and wherein the method also includes at least the following steps: the protecting group is initially present and is only removed when the first substance portions are to be connected to each other via the third functional group R (R1).

[0172] also, Figure 1 It is not shown here that the multi-component system is a multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 12 .

[0173] Figure 1 What is not shown is that the functional groups R1, R2 and R21 can be replaced by different functional groups R, respectively.

[0174] In general, all embodiments of the functional groups R which form a connection with one another are conceivable.

[0175] Figure 2 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 10 , 110 according to the invention is shown having a first substance S1 and a second substance S3 .

[0176] The multi-component system 110 includes Figure 1 All structural and functional features of the multi-component system 10 shown in FIG.

[0177] In this exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the nanoparticles are arranged in the first capsule K1 .

[0178] Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, a second substance portion S3 is provided, which is likewise arranged in at least one capsule K2 , wherein the capsules K1 , K2 are in each case activatable.

[0179] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K1 , K2 can be activated by a change in pressure.

[0180] Alternatively, capsules K1 and / or K2 may be activated by changes in pH, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, ultrasound, induction, moisture, or the like.

[0181] The functional groups of capsules K1 and K2 are connected to each other.

[0182] Figure 2 What is not shown in the figure is that the second substance and / or the second substance portion S3 is an adhesive, in particular an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, an acrylate, a silicone, a combination of these or the like.

[0183] In other words, this exemplary embodiment provides double microcapsules D.

[0184] Generally, any other forms of multiple microcapsules are also possible according to the same principle.

[0185] Figure 2 What is not shown in the figure is that the nanoparticles in the first capsule K1 and the binder, for example epoxy resin, in the second capsule K2 are released by activation.

[0186] Figure 2 What is not shown in FIG. 1 is that this enables the formation of electrically conductive adhesive dots.

[0187] Figure 2 What is not shown here is that the production of multiple microcapsules, for example double microcapsules, is carried out by microfluidics technology.

[0188] Figure 2What is not shown is that the free functional groups R are blocked by blocking substances.

[0189] Figure 2 Not shown is that the free functional groups R are blocked with ethanolamine.

[0190] Figure 3 Shown according to Figure 1 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 10 , 110 according to the invention is shown in FIG.

[0191] In this exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the nanoparticles are arranged in the first capsule K1 .

[0192] In this exemplary embodiment, a second substance portion S3 is provided which is also arranged in at least one capsule K2 , wherein the capsules K1 , K2 are in each case activatable.

[0193] The first and second capsule K1 , K2 are connected to each other.

[0194] The capsules K1 , K2 each comprise a shell S and a core C.

[0195] In other words, if Figure 2 As in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , the multicomponent system in this exemplary embodiment comprises two different substances S1 , S3 and / or capsule groups K1 , K2 .

[0196] Figure 3 What is not shown is that the first capsule K1 and / or the second capsule may be bonded to the substrate B ( Figure 1 ) or can be bound to substrate B (via functional group R).

[0197] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion and the second substance portion are different.

[0198] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K1 of the first capsule group are different from the capsules K2 of the second capsule group.

[0199] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion is connected or connectable to a greater number of substance portions than the second substance portion.

[0200] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the capsule K1 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the capsule K2 .

[0201] As an alternative, the second substance portion is connected or connectable to a greater number of substance portions than the first substance portion.

[0202] As an alternative, the second capsule K2 is connected or connectable to the same number of capsules K as the first capsule K1 .

[0203] In other words, the capsule K2 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the capsule K1 .

[0204] Figure 4 Shown according to Figure 1 or Figure 3 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the invention is shown in FIG.

[0205] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion and the second substance portion have substantially different sizes.

[0206] In this exemplary embodiment, the first capsule K1 has a much larger size than the second capsule K2.

[0207] Typically, the capsules K1 for the first substance S1 may have a different size than the capsules K2 for the second substance S3 , in particular wherein the capsules K1 for the first substance S1 are larger than the capsules K2 for the second substance S3 .

[0208] Alternatively, the second substance portion may have a substantially larger size than the first substance portion.

[0209] Alternatively, the first substance portion and the second substance portion may be of substantially the same size.

[0210] Not shown, the first substance portions may have substantially the same size and / or the second substance portions may have substantially the same size.

[0211] The capsules K1 , K2 each comprise a shell S and a core C.

[0212] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of an indirect connection according to the invention of two different material parts is shown.

[0213] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 are interconnected.

[0214] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 are linked via functional groups R2 and R21.

[0215] Figure 5 Not shown in FIG. 1 , the functional groups R2 and R21 can each be replaced by a different functional group R.

[0216] In general, all embodiments of functional groups R which form a connection with one another are conceivable.

[0217] Figure 5 What is not shown in FIG. 1 is that an indirect connection of the first capsule K1 with the substrate B (instead of the second capsule K2) can occur (see Figure 1 ).

[0218] The capsules K1 , K2 each comprise a shell S and a core C.

[0219] As an alternative, the capsules K1 , K2 may not comprise a shell S and / or a core.

[0220] Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of the in-line according to the invention of two identical material portions is shown.

[0221] In this exemplary embodiment, the two capsules K1 are inline.

[0222] In this exemplary embodiment, two capsules K1 are interconnected via the functional group R (R2).

[0223] The capsules K1 , K2 each comprise a shell S and a core C.

[0224] As an alternative, the capsules K1 , K2 may not comprise a shell S and / or a core.

[0225] Figure 7 It is shown that according to the present invention (according to Figure 1 and 2 ) is another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 10, 110.

[0226] In this exemplary embodiment, the multi-component system is a microcapsule system.

[0227] In particular, two different capsule groups K1 and K2 are shown, wherein a first substance is in a first capsule K1 and a second substance is in a second capsule K2.

[0228] The capsules K1 and K2 shown are examples of a large number of capsules K1 and K2 , for example referred to as a capsule group.

[0229] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance S1 in the capsule K1 is nanoparticles.

[0230] In other words, the first substance portion exists in the form of nanoparticles.

[0231] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 in the second capsule K2 is the second component.

[0232] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an adhesive.

[0233] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an epoxy resin.

[0234] In general, all forms of adhesives are possible.

[0235] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of a multi-component system.

[0236] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of the electrically conductive multi-component system 10 , 110 .

[0237] Typically, two different capsule populations K1 and K2 are produced in separate batch reactors.

[0238] The capsules K1 and K2 of the two capsule populations are functionalized.

[0239] The first capsule K1 is formed with two different linkers L1 and L3 of different lengths and with different functional groups R1 and R2 on the surface (surface functionalization).

[0240] In other words, the functional group R is formed heterogeneously.

[0241] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the functional group R may be formed to be homogeneous.

[0242] The second capsule K2 is formed with a linker L2 and a functional group R21.

[0243] The functional groups R21 of the second capsule K2 react covalently with the functional groups R2 of the first capsule K1 .

[0244] Figure 7 Not shown in FIG. 1 , the functional groups R1, R2 and R21 can each be replaced by a different functional group R.

[0245] In general, all embodiments of the functional groups R which form a connection with one another are conceivable.

[0246] In this exemplary embodiment, it is possible that the first capsule K1 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the second capsule K2 .

[0247] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, it is possible that the second capsule K2 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the first capsule K1 .

[0248] The connector L3 is intended to cross-link (interlink) the first capsules K1 with each other.

[0249] The capsule K2 is covalently bonded (interlinked) to the first capsule K1 via the linker L1 and the linker L2.

[0250] By activating the two capsules K1 and K2, the contents of the capsules K1 and K2 can be released.

[0251] The number of second capsules K2 to be combined with the first capsules K1 can generally be determined by the density of surface functionalization or the number of functional groups R2 of the first capsules K1.

[0252] Typically, the two substances S1, S3 may be encapsulated separately from each other in capsules K1 and K2 and bound in a specific ratio by covalent (eg linking chemistry), weak interactions, biochemically (eg biotin-streptavidin), covalently or otherwise.

[0253] Two or more different capsules Kn may generally encapsulate two or more different substances, such as reactive substances.

[0254] Typically, different capsules Kn having more than two linkers Ln can be functionalized with different functional groups Rn.

[0255] Generally, the linker L can be any form of connection between the capsule and the functional group.

[0256] Typically, in the case of heterogeneous functionalization, the functional group R is used for bonding to surfaces, conductor tracks, fibers or textiles.

[0257] Activation of the multi-component system can be performed by at least one change in pressure, pH, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, moisture, ultrasound, induction, and the like.

[0258] In general, the multi-component capsule system can be used in any medium.

[0259] Figure 7 What is not shown is that the first capsule K1 and / or the second capsule may be bonded to the substrate B ( Figure 1 ) or may be combined with substrate B.

[0260] Figure 7 Not shown in the figure is that such an electrically conductive structure, in particular an electrically conductive substrate B, may be provided.

[0261] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of an inline capsule system according to the present invention is shown.

[0262] In this exemplary embodiment, the inline capsule system according to the present invention is an inline microcapsule system.

[0263] A single component system is shown.

[0264] Capsule group K1 is shown.

[0265] The capsule K1 is filled with a substance.

[0266] In other words, the capsule K1 is regarded as a substance part of the first substance.

[0267] The substance exists partly in the form of nanoparticles.

[0268] In this exemplary embodiment, the nanoparticles are in the form of magnetic nanoparticles having a conductive surface coating.

[0269] In this exemplary embodiment, the nanoparticles are in the form of ferromagnetic nanoparticles having a conductive silver surface coating.

[0270] As an alternative, other electrically conductive surface coatings and / or magnetic nanoparticles are conceivable.

[0271] Capsules K1 are functionalized.

[0272] The capsule K1 is formed with a connector L3.

[0273] Not shown, capsule K1 is functionalized with functional group R1 (on linker L3).

[0274] The linker L3 cross-links (interlinks) the capsules K1 with each other.

[0275] The distance between the capsules K1 can be determined by the length of the connector L3.

[0276] Depending on the density of the surface functionalization R1, the degree of interconnection of the capsules K1 can be determined.

[0277] The length of the linker L3 should be chosen such that the nanoparticles maintain a desired distance from each other.

[0278] Fig. 9 Shown according to Figure 7 Exemplary embodiments of interlinked and interlinked multi-component systems according to the present invention.

[0279] The first capsule K1 and the second capsule K2 are filled with different substances.

[0280] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K1 have substantially the same size.

[0281] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K2 have substantially the same size.

[0282] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 have different sizes.

[0283] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 may have substantially the same size.

[0284] The basic system corresponds to Figure 8 .

[0285] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance S1 in the capsule K1 is nanoparticles.

[0286] In other words, the first substance portion exists in the form of nanoparticles.

[0287] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 in the second capsule K2 is the second component.

[0288] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an adhesive.

[0289] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an epoxy resin.

[0290] In general, all forms of adhesives are possible.

[0291] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of a multi-component system.

[0292] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of the electrically conductive multi-component system 10 , 110 .

[0293] Furthermore, the first capsule K1 is heterogeneously functionalized with a linker L1.

[0294] The second capsule group K2 is combined with the linker L1, see Figure 2 , 3 , 4 or 7.

[0295] In other words, the multi-component system has a network structure with gaps, wherein the network structure is formed by the first capsules K1 and wherein at least one capsule K2 is arranged at least in sections in each gap.

[0296] In general, capsules K1 and K2 having different contents can be introduced into the gas phase.

[0297] Substrate B and / or surfaces may also be coated with such dispersions.

[0298] Typically, capsules K1 and K2 can be introduced into a paste-like medium with different contents. The paste is inactive and can be processed well until the capsules are activated and react with each other.

[0299] The advantages of the ideal composition of the capsule system can also be used for liquid systems. Since the two capsules K1 and K2 of the two-component capsule system are in close proximity, the capsules K1 and K2 are likely to react with each other in a faster and more defined manner than would be the case individually in dispersion.

[0300] Fig.10 A flow chart showing a workflow for producing an electrically conductive multi-component system 10 , 110 according to the present invention is shown.

[0301] Fig.10 Basically based on Figure 2 , 3 , 4 or 7 multi-component capsule system.

[0302] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance S1 in the capsule K1 is nanoparticles.

[0303] In other words, the first substance portion exists in the form of nanoparticles.

[0304] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 in the second capsule K2 is the second component.

[0305] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an adhesive.

[0306] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance S3 is an epoxy resin.

[0307] In general, all forms of adhesives are possible.

[0308] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of a multi-component system.

[0309] In other words, the first substance S1 and the second substance S3 are components of the electrically conductive multi-component system 10 , 110 .

[0310] In general, the production of the conductive multi-component system according to the present invention is divided into four steps St1-St4.

[0311] In a first step St1, the first capsule K1 and the second capsule K2 are functionalized, see Figure 7 .

[0312] In the present multi-component system, the first capsule K1 having two linkers L1 and L3 is heterogeneously functionalized with functional groups R1 and R2.

[0313] In a separate batch process, a second capsule population K2 having a linker L2 is functionalized with functional groups R21.

[0314] The functional group R21 is selected such that it reacts (covalently) with the functional group R2 of the first capsule K1 in a subsequent reaction step.

[0315] In a second step St2 , the functionalized second capsule K2 is added to the functionalized first capsule K1 .

[0316] The functional groups R2 and R21 are (covalently) bound to each other.

[0317] Generally, a third or any number of further capsule groups K3 -Kn may be added to the first capsule group K1 and / or the second capsule group K2 .

[0318] Each further capsule group K3-Kn can in turn be functionalized with at least one functional group.

[0319] In the third step St3, a predetermined (intra-group) cross-linking reaction takes place.

[0320] In a fourth step St4 , the crosslinked multi-component capsule population is applied to a substrate B.

[0321] The substrate B is also provided with a linker L and a functional group R.

[0322] Fig.10 What is not shown is that the capsules K1 and / or K2 can be bound to the functional groups R of the substrate B via a linker L having the functional groups R.

[0323] What is not shown is that in step St1 , the first capsule K1 is not prematurely crosslinked during the functionalization process and no protective groups are formed on the functional groups R1 of the linker L3 .

[0324] Not shown, in step St3 the protecting groups are removed.

[0325] Fig.10 Not shown in the figure is that such an electrically conductive structure, in particular an electrically conductive substrate B, may be provided.

[0326] Typically, the capsule K may be formed as a nanocapsule or a microcapsule.

[0327] In principle, nanoparticles can be used in all exemplary embodiments described above and below:

[0328] Quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, metal salt nanoparticles, oxides, sulfides, core-shell particles, self-assembled particles, doped nanoparticles, magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles, doped nanoparticles such as TiO2 doped nanoparticles with cobalt and multilayers such as Fe / Si, Cu / Ni, Co / Pt, etc., semiconductor nanoparticles such as ZnS, CdS, ZnO.

[0329] As the form of the nanoparticles, basically any conceivable nanoparticle form is suitable.

[0330] Uniform functionalization of nanoparticles can be performed with thiol or dithiol groups.

[0331] exist Figure 11-16 The exemplary embodiments shown in relate to exemplary embodiments having a connector.

[0332] Fig.11 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 210 according to the present invention is shown.

[0333] Here, the functionalized substrate B is present together with the substance S1, here directly as particles. This is an embodiment variant with a linker.

[0334] The substrate B is functionalized with functional groups R1. The (nano)particles are bound to the functional groups and thereby to the substrate B.

[0335] Fig.12Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 310 according to the present invention is shown.

[0336] The substance S1 is a functionalized (nano)particle with a substrate B.

[0337] Here, the (nano)particles are functionalized with functional groups R1. The functionalized (nano)particles are bonded to a substrate B.

[0338] Fig.13 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 410 according to the present invention is shown.

[0339] This is a functionalized substrate with (or attached to, together with) (nano)particles in a substance portion S1 , which is here in the form of microcapsules.

[0340] The substrate B is functionalized with functional groups R1. The (nano)particles are located in the substance portion S1. By activating the substance portion, the (nano)particles are released and bind to the functional groups of the substrate B.

[0341] Fig.14 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 510 according to the present invention is shown.

[0342] These are functionalized (nano)particles with (or attached to, together with) a substrate B in a substance portion S1 (microcapsule).

[0343] The (nano)particles are functionalized with functional groups R1 and are located in the substance portion S1. The (nano)particles are bound to the substrate B by activating the substance portion.

[0344] Fig.15 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 610 according to the present invention is shown.

[0345] This is a substrate B functionalized with functional groups R1 with (or attached to, together with) (nano)particles in the substance portion S1, which also has (metal) particles on the surface.

[0346] The substrate B is functionalized with functional groups R1. The nanoparticles are located in the substance portion S1. By activating the substance portion S1, the (nano)particles are bound to the substrate B.

[0347] Fig.16 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 710 according to the present invention is shown.

[0348] This is the functionalized substance fraction S1 with the (nano)particles and the substrate B.

[0349] The substance part S1 containing the (nano)particles is functionalized with the functional group R1. By binding the functional group of the substance part S1 to the substrate B, the substance part S1 can be accurately placed. The (nano)particles are bound to the substrate B by activation.

[0350] Figure 17-20 The exemplary embodiment shown in relates to a variant having two linkers.

[0351] Fig.17 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 810 according to the present invention is shown.

[0352] This is the functionalized substrate B carrying the functionalized (nano)particles.

[0353] Substrate B is functionalized with functional group R1. (Nano)particles are functionalized with functional group R2. Functional group R1 and functional group R2 are bound to substrate B through activation / reaction.

[0354] Fig.18 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 910 according to the present invention is shown.

[0355] This is a functionalized substrate B with a functionalized substance fraction S1 in which at least one (nano)particle is present.

[0356] Substrate B is functionalized with functional group R1. Substrate part S1 is functionalized with functional group R3. At least one (nano)particle is present in substance part S1. Substrate part S1 can be precisely placed by complementary functional groups R1 and R3. (Nano)particle is released by activation / reaction and binds to substrate B.

[0357] Fig.19 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1010 according to the present invention is shown.

[0358] This is a functionalized substrate B with functionalized (nano)particles, which are located in the substance portion S1.

[0359] The substrate B is functionalized with a functional group R1. In the substance portion S1 there is at least one (nano)particle functionalized with a functional group R2.

[0360] Fig. 20 Another exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1110 according to the present invention is shown.

[0361] This is a functionalized substrate B with functionalized (nano)particles, which are in a substance part S1 which is also functionalized. The substrate B is functionalized with functional groups R1. The (nano)particles are functionalized with functional groups R2. The substance part S1 is functionalized with functional groups R3. Thus, the substance part can be precisely positioned via the functional groups R1 and R3. By activating the substance part S1, the (nano)particles are released positionally (or site-specifically). The shell of the substance part S1 can stabilize the (nano)particles.

[0362] Fig.21 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 1210 according to the invention is shown, namely a functionalized system with (nano)particles having double microcapsules.

[0363] In this case, capsule K10 is filled with a binder and capsule K20 is filled with (electrically) conductive particles (eg one or more rod-shaped nanoparticles).

[0364] In this embodiment, the binder is in a first microcapsule and the at least one (nano)particle and / or carbon nanotube is in a second microcapsule.

[0365] The binder is encapsulated in the microcapsule K10. At least one (nano)particle made of (electrically) conductive material is located in the microcapsule K20.

[0366] Here, the surface of the (nano)particles may be functionalized with functional groups R, for example terminal thiol groups or other functional groups R. The shell of the microcapsule K10 may consist of the same material and the same thickness as the shell of the microcapsule K20. Furthermore, the microcapsule K10 may have the same dimensions as the microcapsule K20. However, the parameters may also differ from one another in at least one or more points.

[0367] The mechanism can be a parallel opening mechanism:

[0368] The microcapsules are applied to the metal area / metal surface. The second metal surface is then positioned parallel to the first metal surface. Due to the defined activation mechanism, the two microcapsules open at the same time and release the contents. Here, the released nanoparticles functionalized with terminal functional groups (e.g. thiol groups) are combined with the two surfaces of the metal surfaces arranged in parallel. The (nano) particles form a network with each other. This can be achieved by aggregation and / or by combining functional groups such as thiol groups with each other (interlinking). After the activation of the microcapsules K10 filled with adhesive, the microcapsules K10 are emptied and the (nano) particle connections of the (electrically) conductive connections are stabilized. In addition, the adhesive bonds the upper and lower surfaces together.

[0369] A sequential opening mechanism is also conceivable:

[0370] Microcapsules are applied to the metal area. Microcapsules K10 have a different opening mechanism than microcapsules K20. The second metal surface is then positioned parallel to the first metal surface. By a defined activation mechanism, such as temperature, the microcapsules with (nano) particles are first opened and their contents are released. Here, the released nanoparticles functionalized with terminal functional groups R2, such as thiol groups, are bound to the two surfaces of the parallel metal surfaces. The (nano) particles form a network with each other. This can be achieved by aggregation and / or by bonding functional groups, such as thiol groups, to each other (interlinking and inlinking). By the second opening mechanism, this is preferably achieved by microcapsules K10 having a different shell material from microcapsules K20 and / or different sizes and / or different thicknesses of the shell material of microcapsules K10. The following second activation mechanisms are conceivable, such as ultrasound, pH changes, induction, pressure, etc. In addition, sequential activation can be achieved by changing the first activation mechanism, such as by increasing the temperature. After activation of the microcapsules 1 filled with adhesive, the microcapsules 1 are emptied and the (nano) particle connections of the (electrically) conductive (nano) particles are stabilized. Furthermore, an adhesive bonds the upper and lower surfaces together.

[0371] Fig. 22 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1310 according to the invention is shown, namely a functionalized variant having an (electrically) conductive surface.

[0372] Here, the binder is encapsulated in microcapsules K10. (Nano)particles are in microcapsules K20, which are made of (electrically) conductive material. Here, the (electrically) conductive surface of the conductor track is functionalized with terminal thiol groups. The (nano)particles are not functionalized.

[0373] The mechanism can be a parallel opening mechanism:

[0374] The microcapsules are applied to the metal area. Then, the second metal surface is positioned parallel to the first metal surface. Through a defined activation mechanism, the two microcapsules open simultaneously and release the contents. Here, the released nanoparticles bind to the two surfaces of the parallel metal surfaces functionalized with terminal thiol groups. The (nano)particles form a network with each other. This is achieved by mutual aggregation.

[0375] A sequential opening mechanism is also conceivable:

[0376] The connection mechanism here is Fig.21 The mechanism is the same as described in the exemplary embodiment of , except that the surface is functionalized instead of the (nano)particles.

[0377] Fig.23A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1410 according to the invention is shown, namely a functionalized variant with (nano)particles and (electrically) conductive surfaces.

[0378] The binder is encapsulated in microcapsules K10. The (nano)particles made of (electrically) conductive material are in microcapsules K20. Here, the surface of the (nano)particles is functionalized with terminal thiol groups, as is the (electrically) conductive surface of the conductor track (i.e. substrate B).

[0379] Here, both parallel and sequential opening mechanisms are conceivable (see above in conjunction with Fig.21 and 22 Description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention).

[0380] Fig.24 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1510 according to the invention is shown, namely a variant with homogeneous functionalization of the (nano)particles and functionalization of the (electrically) conductive surface with reactive functional groups (excluding thiols).

[0381] In this variant, microcapsules K10 are filled with a binder. Microcapsules K20 are filled with functionalized (nano)particles. The (electro)conductive surface is functionalized by complementarity with the functional groups of the (nano)particles.

[0382] The opening mechanisms may occur in parallel or sequentially (see above in conjunction with Fig.21 and 22 Description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention).

[0383] Fig.25 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 1610 according to the invention is shown, namely a variant with homogeneous functionalization of the (nano)particles (substance S1 ) and functionalization of the (electrically) conductive surface (substrate B) with reactive functional groups.

[0384] In this exemplary embodiment, both surfaces of the substrate B (nano)particles and the (electrically)conductive surface are "charged" (in other words). Here, the surface of the (nano)particles is negatively charged. The surface of the (electrically)conductive surface (of the substrate B) has a positive charge. In another embodiment variant, the surfaces can also be oppositely charged, i.e. the (nano)particles are positively charged and the (electrically)conductive surface or substrate B is negatively charged.

[0385] Fig.26 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 1710 according to the invention is shown, namely a variant with heterogeneous functionalization of the (nano)particles (substance S1 ) for inter- and intra-connection and functionalization of the (electrically) conductive surface (substrate B).

[0386] In this exemplary embodiment, the (nano)particles are functionalized with two different functional groups. Here, one functional group may be a terminal thiol R4 and the other functional group may be a carboxyl R2. The (electrically)conductive surface is functionalized with a functional group complementary to the (nano)particles. In this example, it is a terminal primary amine R1. The (nano)particles are cross-linked to each other (by interlinking and / or interlinking) via the thiol groups.

[0387] Fig. 27 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 1810 according to the invention is shown, namely a variant with functionalization of the microcapsules (substance S1).

[0388] Double microcapsules are prepared as described above. Another functional group, which is not responsible for the mutual binding of the microcapsules, is bound to the (electrically) conductive surface (substrate B). For this purpose, in particular terminal thiols should be used which only selectively bind to metal regions. In this way, the microcapsules can only be placed at the desired locations (for example) on the metal surface, which means that there is no conductivity in the x direction.

[0389] Fig.28 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 1910 according to the invention is shown, namely a functionalized variant with an (electrically) conductive surface (substrate B).

[0390] In this exemplary embodiment, the (electrically) conductive surface is functionalized with a terminal thiol group R1. At least one nano- and / or microcapsule has metal (nano) particles on its surface. By applying the microcapsules to the surface, the microcapsules with metal (nano) particles selectively bind only to the surface with the terminal thiol group.

[0391] Instead of metal (nano)particles, the microcapsules can also be completely and / or partially coated (or sheathed) with a metal surface.

[0392] Fig.29 A further exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system 2010 according to the invention is shown, namely with functionalization of the microcapsules (substance S1 ) with metal (nano)particles and a variant of the surface (substrate B).

[0393] Here, the surface of the microcapsules is provided with metal nanoparticles. By adding a compound R3 with a terminal polymer, for example a thiol compound, the (nano)- and / or microcapsules can be functionalized. The second functional group of the polymer can be provided with a further functional group R5. In this way, the thiol group R3 is bonded to the metal particles of the (nano)- and / or microcapsules. The second functional group remains active and is available for further reactions. Thus, the microcapsules have a defined number of defined functional groups.

[0394] Using dithiols, microcapsules can be functionalized and bound to (electrically) conductive surfaces.

[0395] Fig.30 and 31 A further exemplary embodiment of a multicomponent system 2110 or 2210 according to the invention is shown in each case, namely an alternative functionalization with thiol groups.

[0396] In order to bond the microcapsules K10 , K20 to the (electrically) conductive surface (substrate B), the (nano)- and / or microcapsules K10 , K20 are provided with functional groups R3 and the (electrically) conductive surface B is coated with complementary functional groups R1 .

[0397] Here, only one of the double microcapsules can be provided with functional groups (cf. Fig.30 ) or the two microcapsules in the double microcapsules may be provided with functional groups (see Fig.31 ).

[0398] Figure 32 to Figure 34 Each shows a method according to the present invention having multiple microcapsules (each suitable for attachment to a substrate ( Figures 32 to 34 Another exemplary embodiment of multi-component systems 2310 , 2410 , 2510 , and 2610 )) is not shown.

[0399] Figure 32 to Figure 34 The exemplary embodiments shown can be produced according to the production steps described above and below and can accordingly have corresponding features of other systems.

[0400] Here, the adhesive (glue) can be a one-component or two-component adhesive, wherein the adhesive can be in the same and / or separate material parts. It is also conceivable that if it is a multi-component adhesive, then even a plurality of components can be provided accordingly.

[0401] Fig.32 A multi-component system 2310 is shown, which (viewed from left to right) has a binder 1 in a substance portion K10 of a first capsule (far left), a single nanoparticle in a second capsule K20, and another capsule K10 with binder 1. Embodiments with multiple nanoparticles in one capsule are also conceivable.

[0402] Fig.33 A multi-component system 2410 is shown, (viewed from left to right) having Binder 1 in a first capsule K10 (far left), Adhesive 2 in a capsule K30, and individual nanoparticles in a third capsule. Binder 1 and Binder 2 may be components of a single, dual, or multi-component adhesive.

[0403] Fig.34A multi-component system 2510 is shown having (viewed from left to right) a binder 2 in a capsule K10, a second binder 1 in a capsule K30, and a single nanoparticle in a third capsule K20. Binder 1 and Binder 2 may be components of a two- or multi-component adhesive.

[0404] Fig.35 A multi-component system 2610 is shown, (viewed from left to right) having a binder 2 (far left) in a first capsule K10, a single nanoparticle in a second capsule K20, and a second binder 1 in a third capsule K30. Binder 1 and Binder 2 may be components of a single, dual, or multi-component adhesive.

[0405] In principle, through the above exemplary embodiments, (electrical) conductivity can be achieved in a specific, specified or specifyable direction as follows: wherein the conductivity is not limited to electrical conductivity, but can involve the transmission of electrical conductivity, heat, data, etc.:

[0406] Use is made of (nano)particles or magnetic particles functionalized with terminal thiol groups or substrates and / or particles provided with functional groups. Electrostatic interactions can also be used.

[0407] The terminal functional groups may be provided with protecting groups.

[0408] The nanoparticles and binder can be encapsulated, for example, in microcapsules.

[0409] Then proceed as follows:

[0410] 1. As described in (our first patent), microcapsules wrapped with (nanoparticles) are aggregated together in an ambient medium.

[0411] 2. The microcapsules open and release particles through an activation mechanism (e.g. temperature)

[0412] 3. Arrange the particles in the desired direction through chemical reactions, self-assembly, magnetism or other mechanisms.

[0413] 4. Fixing the particles by passing them through an ambient medium, for example, also by heating.

[0414] The opening of the microcapsules, the alignment of the particles and the solidification of the surrounding medium can take place in parallel or sequentially.

[0415] In another exemplary embodiment, for example, the structure can be made into three layers, namely a surface (substrate), then a first layer (e.g., an environmental medium, such as an adhesive, a SAM coating, etc.), then a second layer with microcapsules in which the nanoparticles are encapsulated, and then a third layer (an environmental medium, such as an adhesive).

[0416] Here, the surface or substrate is first coated.

[0417] This is followed by coating with functionalized capsules with nanoparticles, which can be opened by a defined activation mechanism.

[0418] Here, the terminal functional groups may be blocked with protecting groups.

[0419] The particles are arranged along the X direction through chemical reactions such as self-assembly, electrostatic interaction, magnetism, etc.

[0420] In all of the above-described exemplary embodiments, it is in principle also possible to use a plurality of nanoparticles in one capsule.

[0421] For example, a single nanoparticle can be isolated and placed in a capsule using Nanoporetech's technology (see Venkatesan, Bala Murali and Rhashid Bashir, Nanopore Sensors for nucleic acid analysis, Nature Nanotechnology 6.10 (2011): 615). This method allows only a single DNA strand to pass through a single channel and can also be used to isolate nanoparticles.

[0422] Reference numerals

[0423] 10 Multi-component systems

[0424] 110 Multi-component system

[0425] 210 Multi-component system

[0426] 310 Multi-component system

[0427] 410 Multi-component system

[0428] 510 Multi-component system

[0429] 610 Multi-component system

[0430] 710 Multi-component system

[0431] 810 Multi-component system

[0432] 910 Multi-component system

[0433] 1010 Multi-component system

[0434] 1110 Multi-component system

[0435] 1210 Multi-component system

[0436] 1310 Multi-component system

[0437] 1410 Multi-component system

[0438] 1510 Multi-component system

[0439] 1610 Multi-component system

[0440] 1710 Multi-component system

[0441] 1810 Multi-component system

[0442] 1910 Multi-component system

[0443] 2010 Multi-component system

[0444] 2110 Multi-component system

[0445] 2210 Multi-component system

[0446] 2310 Multi-component system

[0447] 2410 Multi-component system

[0448] 2510 Multi-component system

[0449] 2610 Multi-component system

[0450] B Base

[0451] C Core

[0452] D Double microcapsule

[0453] K capsule / capsule group

[0454] K1 capsule 1 / capsule group 1

[0455] K2 capsule 2 / capsule group 2

[0456] K10 capsules 10 / capsule group 10

[0457] K20 capsules 20 / capsules group 20

[0458] K30 capsule 30 / capsule group 30

[0459] Kn Capsule n / Capsule group n

[0460] L Connector

[0461] L1 Connector

[0462] L2 Connector

[0463] L3 Connector

[0464] R Functional Group

[0465] R1 functional group

[0466] R2 functional group

[0467] R3 functional group

[0468] R4 functional group

[0469] R5 functional group

[0470] R21 Functional Group

[0471] Rn functional group

[0472] S capsule, shell

[0473] S1 Substance / part of substance

[0474] S3 Substance / substance part

[0475] St1 Step 1

[0476] St2 Step 2

[0477] St3 Step 3

[0478] St4 Step 4

Claims

1. A conductive multi-component system (10, 110) comprising at least one first substance (S1) and at least one substrate (B), wherein a) the first substance (S1) is present in one or more substance parts, the substance parts of the first substance (S1) being arranged in the capsule (K) as capsule contents, b) at least one first material part is formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and is provided with a first linker (L1) connecting the at least one first material part and the at least one first functional group (R2), and / or wherein the substrate (B) is formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and is provided with a second linker (L2) connecting the substrate and the at least one second functional group (R21), c) wherein, when the capsule (K) is activated, the capsule contents are released from the capsule and react with the substrate (B), wherein, The first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) and / or the substrate through a predetermined interaction and connects them to each other and / or wherein the second functional group (R21) reacts with the first functional group (R2) and / or the first substance (S1) through a predetermined interaction and connects them to each other, and d) A substance portion of the first substance (S1) is present as particles or in the form of particles and is at least partially conductive.

2. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The conductivity of the material part is electrical conductivity and / or thermal conductivity and / or signal conductivity.

3. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the functional group (R) and the substance part and the substrate (B) is determined by the corresponding linker (L).

4. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The substrate (B) is a circuit board or a printed circuit board or a conductor track.

5. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The substrate (B) is a second substance.

6. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 5, characterized in that The second substance is present as one or more substance parts.

7. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The first linker (L1) is longer than the second linker (L2), or vice versa.

8. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The functional groups (R) are formed homogeneously or heterogeneously.

9. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The capsules (K) are nanocapsules and / or microcapsules.

10. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The capsules (K) of the first substance (S1) have the same size.

11. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that At least part of the multi-component system is activatable, and the activation of the multi-component system is carried out by at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity or humidity.

12. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, characterized in that The substance portion of the first substance (S1) is present in the form of one or more nanoparticles, which consist of a metallic material and have a surface coating and / or surface functionalization.

13. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 12, characterized in that The surface coating and / or surface functionalization is formed at least in part by terminal functional groups (R) and / or linkers (L) that selectively bind to the metal surface and / or SAM surface and / or stabilizer.

14. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 12, characterized in that The nanoparticles are stabilized by a matrix.

15. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 12, characterized in that The nanoparticles each have at least one shell and at least one core.

16. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 12, characterized in that The nanoparticles are accommodated in a particle, wherein the particle has at least one core and at least one shell, wherein the core or at least one core contains at least one nanoparticle.

17. The multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 12, characterized in that At least a portion of the nanoparticles is arranged in a first capsule (K1) and provides a second substance portion which is also arranged in at least one capsule (K), wherein the capsule (K) is in each case activatable.

18. A method for producing a conductive multi-component system (10, 110) according to claim 1, the multi-component system having at least one first substance (S1) and at least one substrate (B), wherein the first substance (S1) is present in one or more substance parts, the method comprising the following steps: - at least one or more first material parts are formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and provided with a first linker (L1), and / or the substrate (B) is formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and provided with a second linker (L2), - the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) and / or the substrate via a predetermined interaction, thereby establishing a conductive connection, and / or wherein the second functional group (R21) reacts with the first functional group (R2) and / or the first substance (S1) via a predetermined interaction, thereby establishing a conductive connection.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The first substance part is formed with at least one third functional group (R1) and is provided with a third linker (L3), wherein the third functional groups (R1) each have at least one protecting group, so that only the corresponding functionalized substance part of the first substance (S1) can be bound to the substance part of the first substance (S1), and wherein the method further comprises at least the following steps: The protecting group is initially present and is only removed when the first substance moieties are to be linked to one another via the third functional group (R1).

Images