A Grid Model Verification Method Based on Shape Constraints

Abstract

The present invention provides a power grid model verification method based on shape constraints, including the following steps: Step 1, convert the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph; Step 2, convert the basic constraints extracted from the CIM subset and the user-defined power grid model verification rules into a power grid model SHACL shape graph; Step 3, provide the power grid model RDF data graph and the power grid model SHACL shape graph to the SHACL validator for model verification of shape constraints, and output a power grid model verification report.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power grid dispatching automation systems, and particularly to a power grid model verification method based on shape constraints. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the power grid scale and the high - proportion penetration of distributed energy, power grid dispatching control requires a more comprehensive, complete, consistent and accurate power system model to optimize the allocation of source - grid - load - storage resources on a larger scale. Grid models need to be shared among control centers to form a complete network model, and on this basis, intelligent decision - making for the entire network is carried out. Therefore, the quality of the exchanged model becomes the key to improving the safe and stable operation level of the entire power grid.

[0003] Power grid model verification is a process of comparing instance data with the configured standard information model, that is, detecting the differences in instance data according to the standard information model. Using the Common Information Model (CIM) as the standard information model to achieve seamless and efficient model exchange between different control centers has been verified in engineering practices at home and abroad. Taking CIM as the common semantics of the exchanged model enables different departments and different application systems to have a consistent understanding of the exchanged model, which is the basic guarantee for the interoperability between systems. However, in practical applications, due to the continuous development of application requirements and the emergence of new applications, the CIM version changes frequently and custom extensions increase continuously. The traditional model verification method is to embed the standard information model in the model verification tool. The problem brought by this is that when the standard information model changes, there will be a certain lag in model verification, making the quality management of the exchanged model face great challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power grid model verification method that can flexibly follow the changes in the CIM version and custom extensions.

[0004] The power grid models shared among control centers are in the CIM / XML or CIM / E format, and these two formats of power grid models can be uniformly represented by a Resource Description Framework (RDF) data graph. Conducting model verification based on shape constraints on the RDF data graph can quickly and accurately discover quality problems in the data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a power grid model verification method based on shape constraints.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints, which has the following characteristics and includes the following steps: Step 1, convert the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph; Step 2, convert the basic constraints extracted from the CIM subset and the user-defined power grid model verification rules into a power grid model Shape Constraint Language (SHACL) shape graph; Step 3, provide the power grid model RDF data graph and the power grid model SHACL shape graph to the SHACL validator for model verification of shape constraints, and output a power grid model verification report.

[0007] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following characteristics: Among them, in Step 1, the files of the power grid CIM include CIM / E power grid model files and CIM / XML power grid model files.

[0008] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following characteristics: Among them, in Step 1, the attribute constraints and shape constraints are the constraints defined in the CIM UML class diagram, and the shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph are CIM-Web Ontology Language (OWL) schema consistency shape constraints. The conversion process is as follows: Step 1-1, convert the CIM UML class diagram into a CIM-OWL file; Step 1-2, parse the CIM-OWL file; Step 1-3, process the CIM classes in the CIM-OWL, and generate a shape node instance for each CIM class; Step 1-4, process the attributes / associations of the CIM class, and generate an attribute / association shape instance for each attribute / association; Step 1-5, define the constraints on the attribute / association shape according to the CIM-OWL; Step 1-6, confirm that all attributes / associations of the CIM class have been processed. If not all have been processed, repeat Steps 1-4 to 1-6 until all attributes / associations of the CIM class have been processed. If all have been processed, execute Step 1-7; Step 1-7, confirm whether all CIM classes have been processed. If not all have been processed, repeat Steps 1-3 to 1-7. If all have been processed, end the process, thereby realizing the conversion of all attribute constraints and association constraints in the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph.

[0009] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following characteristics: Among them, in Step 1-3, the form corresponding to the shape node instance in the SHACL shape graph is:

[0010] [ClassName]Shape a sh:NodeShape; (1)

[0011] Among them, [ClassName] is the CIM class name.

[0012] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, in steps 1-4, the form corresponding to the property / association shape instance in the SHACL shape graph is:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] Among them, [propertyName] is the CIM property / association name, and the constraints acting on the property / association are defined in sh:property.

[0016] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, in steps 1-5, according to the constraints of CIM-OWL and the common sense knowledge of the power grid model, and in accordance with the corresponding relationship between OWL and SHACL shown in Table 1, CIM schema consistency constraint types are added to the property / association shape instance.

[0017] Table 1 CIM Schema Consistency Constraint Types and Markings in OWL and SHACL

[0018]

[0019] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, in step 2, the SHACL shape of the power grid model is a SHACL-SPARQL consistency shape, and the SHACL-SPARQL consistency shape is a cross-class / cross-property consistency shape.

[0020] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, the SELECT query type is selected in the design of the SHACL-SPARQL consistency shape.

[0021] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, the process of constructing the SHACL-SPARQL consistency shape is as follows: Step 2-1, determine the scope of the constraint: The scope of the constraint is a CIM class or a node determined by a SPARQL query statement; Step 2-2, determine the shape of the constraint: Construct a SPARQL query statement according to the user-defined power grid model verification rules.

[0022] In the method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints provided by the present invention, it may also have the following feature: Among them, the SPARQL query statement is:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, SELECT is the result clause led by the keyword, and WHERE is the constraint clause led by the keyword. It is mainly used to judge whether the query result is empty. The triple pattern for defining the WHERE constraint clause includes (s po), (?x p o), (s?x o), (s p?x). Start matching from the first triple on the RDF data graph of the power grid model until all triples are matched. The starting point of the triple is an instance of a CIM class. Defined in The filtering condition for the query result is a logical operation regarding the returned variable.

[0025] Functions and effects of the invention

[0026] According to the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints involved in the present invention, first convert the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the RDF data graph of the power grid model; then convert the basic constraints extracted from the CIM subset and the user-defined power grid model validation rules into the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model; finally, provide the RDF data graph of the power grid model and the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model to the SHACL validator for model validation of shape constraints, and the output is a power grid model validation report. The above process can adapt to the update of the CIM version and custom extensions. The model validation rules do not need to be hard-coded in the model validator, realizing flexible, fast, and on-demand management of the power grid model, ensuring the comprehensive and accurate power grid model required for power grid dispatching and operation, and supporting the optimization configuration of source-network-load-storage resources on a larger scale. Description of the drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is the architecture diagram of the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is the enlarged schematic diagram of the RDF data graph of the power grid model in the architecture diagram of the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is the enlarged schematic diagram of the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model in the architecture diagram of the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is the flowchart of the CIM-OWL schema consistency shape constraint generation method in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is the test result of the coverage of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in the embodiments of the present invention; and

[0033] Figure 7 It is an example report of violating shape constraints of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments will specifically elaborate on a power grid model verification method based on shape constraints of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In this embodiment, a power grid model verification method based on shape constraints is provided.

[0036] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in this embodiment.

[0037] Figure 2 It is the architecture diagram of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in this embodiment.

[0038] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the RDF data graph of the power grid model in the architecture diagram of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in this embodiment.

[0039] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model in the architecture diagram of the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in this embodiment.

[0040] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, for the power grid model verification method based on shape constraints in this embodiment, its function is to apply a certain shape on the RDF data graph G to obtain the target node v, and check whether v satisfies s, denoted as, until all the shapes in S are verified. The inputs of the verification tool include two categories: one is the CIM / E or CIM XML power grid model file, and the other is the CIM subset and the user-defined power grid model quality verification rules. The power grid model verification method based on shape constraints involved in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S1, convert the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the RDF data graph of the power grid model.

[0042] Among them, the files of the power grid CIM include CIM / E power grid model files and CIM / XML power grid model files. The attribute constraints and shape constraints are the constraints defined in the CIM UML class diagram, and the shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph are CIM-Web Ontology Language (OWL) schema consistency shape constraints.

[0043] Figure 5 It is the flowchart of the CIM-OWL schema consistency shape constraint generation method in this embodiment.

[0044] As Figure 5 shown, the conversion process is as follows:

[0045] Step S1-1, convert the CIM UML class diagram into a CIM-OWL file.

[0046] Step S1-2, parse the CIM-OWL file.

[0047] Step S1-3, process the CIM classes in the CIM-OWL, and generate a shape node instance for each CIM class.

[0048] The form corresponding to the shape node instance in the SHACL shape graph is:

[0049] [ClassName]Shape a sh:NodeShape; (4)

[0050] Among them, [ClassName] is the CIM class name.

[0051] Step S1-4, process the attributes / associations of the CIM classes, and generate an attribute / association shape instance for each attribute / association.

[0052] The form corresponding to the attribute / association shape instance in the SHACL shape graph is:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, [propertyName] is the CIM attribute / association name, and the constraints acting on the attribute / association are defined in sh:property.

[0055] Step S1-5, define the constraints on the attribute / association shapes according to the CIM-OWL.

[0056] According to the constraints of the CIM-OWL and the common sense knowledge of the power grid model, and in accordance with the corresponding relationship between OWL and SHACL shown in Table 1, add CIM schema consistency constraint types to the attribute / association shape instances.

[0057] Table 1 CIM Model Consistency Constraint Types and Their Markings in OWL and SHACL

[0058]

[0059] The constraints in Table 1 are further explained as follows:

[0060] 1) For a path constraint where the association of one entity with other nodes is a one - of - two choice, it is represented by sh:alternativePath. For example, the association of Bay with its upper - level container can only be one of Bay.VoltageLevel and Bay.Substation. Then the property shape can be expressed as: sh:path[sh:alternativePath(cim:Bay.VoltageLevel cim:Bay.Substation)];

[0061] 2) There may be constraints on the attribute values of a class. For example, there is a constraint that cim:GeneratingUnit.initialP ≥ 0, which can be defined through sh:minExclusive in the form of

[0062] sh:path cim:GeneratingUnit.intialP;

[0063] sh:minExclusive 0; (6)

[0064] 3) When serializing a one - to - many association in the power grid model, it is generally stipulated that the association only needs to be described on the side with a multiplicity of many, that is, the association direction is from the side with a multiplicity of many to the side with a multiplicity of one. The association from the side with a multiplicity of one to the side with a multiplicity of many can be obtained by sh:inversePath. For example, the association between Breaker and Terminal is described by Terminal.ConductingEquipment on the Terminal side. In BreakerShape, the association from Breaker to Terminal can be defined as sh:path[sh:inversePath<cim:Terminal.ConductingEquipment>].

[0065] 4) There may be cross - constraints on the values between two attributes of a class. For example, the value of the GeneratingUnit.maxOperatingP attribute of a generating unit object must be greater than or equal to the value of the GeneratingUnit.minOperatingP attribute. The logical relationship of the size between the attribute values can be constrained by sh:lessThanOrEquals in the form of

[0066] sh:path cim:GeneratingUnit.minOperatingP;

[0067] sh:lessThanOrEquals cim:GeneratingUnit.maxOperatingP;

[0068] 5) Cardinality constraints are the most commonly used constraints in power grid model verification. If a certain property or association is mandatory, sh:minCount can be specified as 1. sh:maxCount specifies the maximum number of a certain property or association. For example, if it is mandatory that the number of Terminals of a Breaker must be 2, then both sh:minCount and sh:maxCount are specified as 2.

[0069] 6) The values of enumerated type properties are constrained by sh:in. For example, the value of the PowerTransformerEnd.connectionKind property is specified by sh:in to be selected only from enumerated values such as WindingConnection.Yn, WindingConnection.Y, WindingConnection.D, etc.

[0070] Step S1-6, confirm that all properties / associations of the CIM class have been processed. If not all have been processed, then repeat steps S1-4 to S1-6 until all properties / associations of the CIM class have been processed. If all have been processed, then execute step S1-7.

[0071] Step S1-7, confirm whether all CIM classes have been processed. If not all have been processed, then repeat steps S1-3 to S1-7. If all have been processed, then end the process, thus realizing the conversion of all property constraints and association constraints in the power grid CIM into shape constraints on the power grid model RDF data graph.

[0072] Step S2, convert the basic constraints and user-defined power grid model verification rules extracted from the CIM subset into a power grid model SHACL shape graph.

[0073] The power grid model SHACL shape is a SHACL-SPARQL conformance shape, and the SHACL-SPARQL conformance shape is a cross-class / cross-property conformance shape. The SELECT query type is selected in the design of the SHACL-SPARQL conformance shape. The process of constructing the SHACL-SPARQL conformance shape is as follows:

[0074] Step S2-1, determining the scope of constraints: The scope of constraints is a node determined by a CIM class or a SPARQL query statement.

[0075] Step S2-2, determining the shape of constraints: Construct a SPARQL query statement according to the user-defined power grid model verification rules. To keep the SHACL shape graph concise, it can be set where?x represents a variable.

[0076] The SPARQL query statement is:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, SELECT is the result clause led by the keyword, WHERE is the constraint clause led by the keyword, which is mainly used to determine whether the query result is empty, is the triple pattern for defining the WHERE constraint clause, including (s po), (?x p o), (s?x o), (s p?x), starting from the first triple to match on the RDF data graph until all triples are matched. The starting point of the triple is an instance of a CIM class, defines the filtering condition for the query result, which is a logical operation on the returned variable.

[0079] Step S3, providing the power grid model RDF data graph and the power grid model SHACL shape graph to the SHACL validator for model verification of shape constraints, and the output is the power grid model verification report.

[0080] The verification tool in this embodiment does not perform any logic processing specific to the power grid model field inside. Therefore, when updating the power grid verification rules, no corresponding program modification is required for the verification tool.

[0081] The nodes or attributes that violate the constraints are prompted by sh:message in the verification report, which includes the object URI and rule ID that need attention. Therefore, the sh:message prompt information needs to be described in the SHACL shape definition to facilitate locating model problems; and the severity (sh:severity) of the violated constraints is classified into three levels: violation (sh:Violation), warning (sh:Warning), and information (sh:Info).

[0082] (1) Model verification coverage test

[0083] To ensure that all objects in a power grid model file are verified, a SHACL shape can be defined corresponding to the CIM classes allowed to appear in the RDF data graph. If a CIM class instance outside the allowed range appears, it will be prompted in the verification report, so that model maintenance personnel can add corresponding verification rules in time.

[0084] Figure 6 It is the test result of the coverage of the shape constraint-based power grid model verification method in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 (a) is the definition of model validation coverage for RDF data graphs. If the shape graph does not define the shape of the AsynchronousMachine class, and an instance of the AsynchronousMachine class appears in the RDF data graph, Figure 6 (b) is an example of a report on model validation coverage, such as Figure 6 As shown in (b), the verification report will prompt that the shape is not defined for AsynchronousMachine.

[0086] To facilitate the management of SHACL shape diagrams, multiple SHACL shape diagrams can be designed for different verification requirements, such as shape diagrams for verifying topological relationships, shape diagrams for verifying power flow calculation results, shape diagrams for verifying model dynamic properties, etc. These shape diagrams are equivalent to a subset of the full set of model verifications, defining shape constraints for some classes specific to verification requirements.

[0087] (2) Accuracy of model error detection

[0088] The CIM / XML power grid model of a certain region is used as a test case for SHACL verification.

[0089] Figure 7 This is an example of a report of a violation of a shape constraint in a shape constraint-based power grid model verification method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The model errors detected are reported, including: a circuit breaker is associated with three endpoints, the maximum operating active power of a generator set is less than the minimum operating active power, and the voltage tap adjustment capacity of a transformer exceeds the limit. From this report, it is easy to locate the nodes and attributes that failed to be verified in the model, as well as the reasons for the failure and the severity.

[0091] Functions and Effects of the Embodiments

[0092] According to the method for validating a power grid model based on shape constraints involved in this embodiment, since the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the power grid CIM are first converted into shape constraints on the RDF data graph of the power grid model; then the basic constraints and user-defined power grid model validation rules extracted from the CIM subset are converted into the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model; finally, the RDF data graph of the power grid model and the SHACL shape graph of the power grid model are provided to the SHACL validator for model validation of shape constraints, and the output is a power grid model validation report. The above process can adapt to the update of the CIM version and custom extension. The model validation rules do not need to be hard-coded in the model validator, realizing flexible, fast, and on-demand power grid model management, ensuring a comprehensive and accurate power grid model required for power grid dispatching and operation, and supporting the optimal configuration of source-grid-load-storage resources on a larger scale.

[0093] In addition, the CIM schema consistency shapes for validating the power grid model are generated according to the CIM-OWL schema converted from the CIM UML class diagram. Once the CIM version is updated and custom extended, they can be converted into new CIM schema consistency shapes at any time; the SHACL SPARQL cross-class and cross-attribute consistency shapes generated according to the user-defined power grid model validation rules can be modified in a timely manner once the updated custom model quality evaluation requirements are applied; the shape constraints defined for the RDF data graph of the power grid model exist in the form of independent shape graphs and do not need to be hard-coded in the model validation process.

[0094] The above embodiments are preferred cases of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power grid model verification method based on shape constraints, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1, convert the attribute constraints and association constraints in the classes of the grid public information model into shape constraints on the grid model resource description framework data graph; Step 2, convert the basic constraints extracted from the subset of the common information model and the user-defined grid model verification rules into a shape graph of the grid model shape constraint language; Step 3, provide the grid model resource description framework data graph and the grid model shape constraint language shape graph to a shape constraint language validator for model verification of shape constraints, and output a grid model verification report. Among them, in Step 1, the attribute constraints and the shape constraints are the constraints defined in the UML class diagram of the common information model. The shape constraints on the grid model resource description framework data graph are the common information model-Web Ontology Language schema consistency shape constraints. The process of the conversion in Step 1 is as follows: Step 1-1, convert the UML class diagram of the common information model into a common information model-Web Ontology Language file; Step 1-2, parse the common information model-Web Ontology Language file; Step 1-3, process the common information model classes in the common information model-Web Ontology Language, and one common information model class corresponds to generating a shape node instance; Step 1-4, process the attributes / associations of the common information model class, and one of the attributes / associations corresponds to generating an attribute / association shape instance; Step 1-5, define the constraints on the attribute / association shape according to the common information model-Web Ontology Language; Step 1-6, confirm that all the attributes / associations of the common information model class have been processed. If not all have been processed, repeat Steps 1-4 to 1-6 until all the attributes / associations of the common information model class have been processed. If all have been processed, execute Step 1-7; Step 1-7, confirm whether all the common information model classes have been processed. If not all have been processed, repeat Steps 1-3 to 1-7. If all have been processed, end the process, thereby realizing the conversion of all the attribute constraints and association constraints in the grid public information model into shape constraints on the grid model resource description framework data graph.

2. The grid model verification method based on shape constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, In Step 1, the files of the grid public information model include CIM / E grid model files and CIM / XML grid model files.

3. The grid model verification method based on shape constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, In Step 1-3, the form corresponding to the shape node instance in the shape graph of the shape constraint language is: [ClassName]Shape a sh:NodeShape; (1) Among them, [ClassName] is the common information model class name.

4. The grid model verification method based on shape constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, In Step 1-4, the form corresponding to the attribute / association shape instance in the shape graph of the shape constraint language is: Among them, [propertyName] is the common information model property / association name, Define the constraints acting on the property / association in sh:property.

5. The method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints according to claim 1, wherein: Among them, In steps 1-5, according to the constraints of the common information model - web ontology language and the common sense knowledge of the power grid model, and in accordance with the corresponding relationship between the web ontology language and the shape constraint language shown in Table 1, add the common information model schema consistency constraint type to the property / association shape instance. Table 1 Common information model schema consistency constraint types and their notations in the web ontology language and the shape constraint language 。 6. The method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints according to claim 1, wherein: Among them, In step 2, the shape of the power grid model shape constraint language is the shape constraint language - SPARQL consistency shape. The shape constraint language - SPARQL consistency shape is a cross-class / cross-property consistency shape.

7. The method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints according to claim 6, wherein: Among them, The SELECT query type is selected in the design of the shape constraint language - SPARQL consistency shape.

8. The method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints according to claim 6, wherein: Among them, The process of constructing the shape constraint language - SPARQL consistency shape is as follows: Step 2-1, determine the scope of the constraint: The scope of the constraint is a common information model class or a node determined by a SPARQL query statement. Step 2-2, determine the shape of the constraint: Construct a SPARQL query statement according to the user-defined power grid model verification rules.

9. The method for verifying a power grid model based on shape constraints according to claim 8, wherein: Among them, The SPARQL query statement is: Among them, SELECT is the result clause led by the keyword, WHERE is the constraint clause led by the keyword. It is mainly used to determine whether the query result is empty. The triple patterns for defining the WHERE constraint clause include (s p o), (?x p o), (s?x o), (s p?x), where?x is a variable that refers to s, p, or o. The Match on the Resource Description Framework data graph starting from the first triple until all triples have been matched. The starting point of the triple is an instance of a common information model class. The filtering conditions for the query results defined in are logical operations on the return variables regarding the return variables.

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