A water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete admixtures, and particularly relates to a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure and a preparation method thereof. Among them, a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure includes unsaturated acid monomers, vinyl polyether macromonomers, ester macromonomers and crosslinking monomers. The water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure provided by the present invention has outstanding water-reducing performance, can effectively improve the workability of concrete, and has high practical value and popularization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete admixtures, and particularly relates to a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polycarboxylate superplasticizers have excellent properties when applied to concrete. As one of the important raw materials in the synthesis of polycarboxylate superplasticizers, the molecular structure of the macromonomer has a very important influence on the synthesis process and performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Currently, the most common vinyl alcohol-based macromonomers in the market mainly include allyl poly(ethylene glycol) ether (APEG), methallyl poly(ethylene glycol) ether (HPEG), and isopentenyl poly(ethylene glycol) ether (TPEG), etc. The synthesis process of this type of polyether monomer is simple, its chemical properties are stable, and the product quality is good. However, there are also many problems. On the one hand, among the existing vinyl alcohol-based macromonomers, the products of HPEG and TPEG account for the vast majority, and the product structure is relatively single. On the other hand, due to the structural limitations of traditional polyether macromonomers, the water-reducing and slump-retention performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers cannot be qualitatively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the entire industry to develop more new types of polyether macromonomer varieties, expand the product types and functions of macromonomers, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers.

[0003] In recent years, the structure of polyether monomers in the market has changed significantly. Polyether manufacturers have successively launched new vinyl ether-based macromonomers, including 2+2 and 2+4 type macromonomers (EPEG, VPEG). The main difference between this type of monomer and the existing 4-carbon and 5-carbon vinyl alcohol-based macromonomers lies in the molecular structure characteristics of the monomer initiator. In vinyl ether-based monomers, the unsaturated double bond in its molecular structure is directly connected to an oxygen atom. This change in the molecular structure causes the electron cloud distribution of the double bond to shift, thereby improving the charge environment of the unsaturated double bond in the macromonomer, making the reaction activity of the double bond in the macromonomer much greater than that of ordinary macromonomers. Therefore, the polymerization reaction needs to be carried out at a lower temperature. The synthesis of existing polycarboxylate superplasticizers usually uses a redox initiation system, and the temperature required for the decomposition of the initiator is relatively high, which is not suitable for the polymerization of vinyl ether-based macromonomers.

[0004] The Chinese patent document with the publication number CN109880019A and the publication date of June 14, 2019 discloses a polycarboxylate superplasticizer with good workability and wide adaptability. By introducing ethylene glycol mono vinyl poly(ethylene glycol) ether (2+2 new type of active macromonomer), a polycarboxylate high-performance superplasticizer is synthesized through a free radical polymerization reaction at room temperature, and finally a new type of high-workability polycarboxylate high-performance superplasticizer with higher polymerization activity, simple production process, excellent water-reducing and slump-retention performance, and good workability that can meet the actual use requirements of different materials is obtained. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To develop more new types of polyether macromonomers and expand the product variety and functions of macromonomers, the present invention provides a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure, which includes unsaturated acid monomers, vinyl polyether macromonomers, ester macromonomers and crosslinking monomers;

[0006] The structural formula of the ester macromonomer is

[0007]

[0008] where e is an integer from 4 to 15;

[0009] The structural formula of the crosslinking monomer is

[0010]

[0011] The structural formula of the vinyl polyether macromonomer is

[0012]

[0013] where a is an integer from 1 to 4 and b is an integer from 30 to 110.

[0014] In one embodiment, the unsaturated acid monomer is one or a combination of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.

[0015] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the vinyl polyether macromonomer is 2400 - 5000, and the molecular weight of the ester macromonomer is 500 - 2400.

[0016] In one embodiment, the composition further includes a photoinitiator, and the photoinitiator is any one of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphonate and 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholin-1-one.

[0017] Preferably, the photoinitiator is 1% - 5% of the mass of the vinyl polyether macromonomer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the free radical copolymerization initiated by the photoinitiator is carried out under ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0019] Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 230 - 380 nm, and the irradiation intensity is 20 - 110 W / m 2 .

[0020] In one embodiment, the composition further includes a chain transfer agent, and the chain transfer agent is one of mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptoethanol. Preferably, the chain transfer agent is 1% - 3% of the mass of the vinyl polyether macromonomer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the composition further includes water, which is used to dissolve the vinyl polyether macromonomer and the ester macromonomer, and the water is 10% - 100% of the mass of the vinyl polyether macromonomer.

[0022] In one embodiment, the weight fraction content of each component is

[0023]

[0024] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0025] A1. Dissolve the unsaturated acid monomer and the crosslinking monomer in water in proportion to prepare solution A;

[0026] A2. Add the vinyl polyether macromonomer, the ester macromonomer and water into a reaction vessel together, control the temperature at 15 - 20°C, and dropwise add the photoinitiator solution, solution A and the chain transfer agent solution respectively within 1.5 h - 3 h under ultraviolet light irradiation. After the dropping is completed, keep warm for 0.5 h - 1 h to obtain reaction product B;

[0027] A3. Adjust the pH value of reaction product B to 6.0 - 7.0 with sodium hydroxide to obtain the water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure.

[0028] Preferably, the mass concentration of the reaction product is 45% - 50%.

[0029] The water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. In the present invention, the macromonomer used is a vinyl polyether macromonomer. The vinyl polyether macromonomer uses CH 2 =CH-O-(CH 2 -CH 2 ) a -OH as the initiator. The unsaturated double bond in its molecular structure is directly connected to an oxygen atom. This change in the molecular structure causes the electron cloud distribution of the double bond to shift, thereby improving the charge environment of the unsaturated double bond in the macromonomer, making the reaction activity of the double bond in the macromonomer much greater than that of general macromonomers and making it easier to carry out polymerization reactions. Moreover, since the double bond in the vinyl polyether macromonomer molecule is a mono-substituted structure, the steric hindrance of the polyether side chain swing is further reduced, making the swing of the polyether side chain more free and having a larger range of motion, improving the wrapping and entanglement properties of the polyether side chain. The water-reducing and slump-retention performance of the prepared product is better, and it can effectively improve the workability of concrete.

[0031] 2. Vinyl polyether macromonomers have relatively high reactivity, so the polymerization reaction needs to be carried out at a relatively low temperature. The existing synthesis of polycarboxylate water reducers usually uses a redox initiation system, which requires a relatively high temperature for the initiator to decompose and is not suitable for the polymerization of vinyl ether macromonomers. The present invention uses a photoinitiator, which can initiate the copolymerization of vinyl ether macromonomers and other monomers at low temperature to synthesize polycarboxylate water reducer products.

[0032] 3. The water-reducing polycarboxylate water reducer synthesized in the present invention uses vinyl polyether macromonomers and ester macromonomers to copolymerize to synthesize an ether-ester copolymer water reducer. The molecular chain structure has an appropriate proportion of ether groups and ester groups, and a cross-linking monomer is introduced at the same time. The synthesized water reducer molecule is a micro-crosslinked structure, and the cross-linking structure, ester group, and ether group together improve the water-reducing performance of the water reducer. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments; the technical features designed in different implementation manners of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention; it should be further understood that the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art, and should not be understood in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless clearly defined as such in the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] 100 g of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether, 20 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and 50 g of water were added to a reaction kettle together, the temperature was controlled at 15 °C, the reaction kettle was irradiated with ultraviolet light, and 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide aqueous solution, mercaptoacetic acid aqueous solution, and solution A were respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate water reducer with a vinyl ether-ester mixed structure;

[0037] Among them, the 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide aqueous solution is 2.2 g of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide dissolved in 150 g of water, the mercaptoacetic acid aqueous solution is 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid dissolved in 150 g of water, and the solution A is 10 g of acrylic acid and 5 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether dissolved in 180 g of water.

[0038] The molecular weight of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether is 3000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate is 500.

[0039] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity is 50 W / m 2 .

[0040] Example 2

[0041] 100 g of butanediol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether, 20 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and 50 g of water are added into a reaction kettle together, the temperature is controlled at 20 °C, the reaction kettle is irradiated under ultraviolet light, and an aqueous solution of ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphonate, an aqueous solution of mercaptoethanol, an aqueous solution of a blend of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer are respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring, and after the addition is completed, it is kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product is adjusted to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate water reducer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0042] Among them, the aqueous solution of ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphonate is 2.0 g of ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphonate dissolved in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoethanol is 0.5 g of mercaptoethanol dissolved in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of a blend of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer is 10 g of acrylic acid and 5 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether dissolved in 180 g of water.

[0043] The molecular weight of butanediol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether is 4000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate is 600.

[0044] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity is 50 W / m 2 .

[0045] Example 3

[0046] 100 g of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether, 10 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and 50 g of water were added into a reaction kettle, the temperature was controlled at 20 °C, the reaction kettle was irradiated with ultraviolet light, and an aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, an aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid, an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer blend were respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0047] Among them, the aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide was prepared by dissolving 2.5 g of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of acrylic acid and crosslinking monomer blend was prepared by dissolving 10 g of acrylic acid and 10 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether in 180 g of water.

[0048] The molecular weight of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether was 4000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was 600.

[0049] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity was 50 W / m 2 .

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] 100 g of isobutenol polyoxyethylene ether, 20 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and 50 g of water were added into a reaction kettle, the temperature was controlled at 15 °C, the reaction kettle was irradiated with ultraviolet light, and an aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, an aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid, an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer blend were respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0052] Among them, the aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide was prepared by dissolving 2.2 g of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of acrylic acid and crosslinking monomer blend was prepared by dissolving 10 g of acrylic acid and 5 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether in 180 g of water; the molecular weight of isobutenol polyoxyethylene ether was 3000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was 500.

[0053] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity was 50 W / m 2 .

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] 100 g of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether and 50 g of water were added into a reaction kettle, the temperature was controlled at 15 °C, the reaction kettle was irradiated under ultraviolet light, and an aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, an aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid, and an aqueous solution of a blend of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer were respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0056] Among them, the aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide was prepared by dissolving 2.2 g of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of a blend of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer was prepared by dissolving 10 g of acrylic acid and 5 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether in 180 g of water; the molecular weight of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether was 3000.

[0057] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity was 50 W / m 2 。

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] 100 g of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether, 20 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and 50 g of water were added into a reaction kettle, the temperature was controlled at 15 °C, the reaction kettle was irradiated under ultraviolet light, and an aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, an aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid, and an aqueous solution of acrylic acid were respectively added dropwise within 1.5 h while stirring. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0060] Among them, the aqueous solution of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide was prepared by dissolving 2.2 g of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of acrylic acid was prepared by dissolving 10 g of acrylic acid in 180 g of water; the molecular weight of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether was 3000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was 500.

[0061] The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 230 mm, and the irradiation intensity was 50 W / m 2 。

[0062] Comparative Example 4

[0063] 100 g of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether, 20 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 1 g of hydrogen peroxide and 50 g of water were added into a reaction kettle. The temperature was controlled at 45 °C. While stirring, an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate, an aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid, an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and a crosslinking monomer blend were respectively added dropwise into the reaction kettle within 1.5 h. After the addition was completed, it was kept warm for 0.5 h to obtain a reaction product; the pH of the reaction product was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide to obtain a water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure;

[0064] Among them, the aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of ferrous sulfate in 150 g of water, the aqueous solution of mercaptoacetic acid was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of mercaptoacetic acid in 150 g of water, and the aqueous solution of acrylic acid and crosslinking monomer blend was prepared by dissolving 10 g of acrylic acid and 5 g of crosslinking monomer diethylene glycol vinyl ether in 180 g of water; the molecular weight of ethylene glycol mono vinyl polyethylene glycol ether was 3000, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was 500.

[0065] Comparative Example 5

[0066] Commercially available superplasticizer pint-400

[0067] Each example and comparative example were subjected to various performance tests. The test items and test standards are shown in Table 1, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 1 Test items and test standards

[0069]

[0070] Table 2 Test results

[0071]

[0072] As can be seen from Table 2, when the superplasticizers synthesized in Examples 1-3 were added to the concrete, the initial slump and 1-h slump of the concrete were large, and the solidification admixture dosage was small. Therefore, the water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure prepared by the present invention has outstanding water-reducing performance and good slump retention performance, and can improve the workability of the concrete when applied to the concrete.

[0073] The polyether macromonomer used in the superplasticizer of Comparative Example 1 was isobutenol polyoxyethylene ether, and Comparative Example 5 was a commercially available ordinary superplasticizer. It can be seen from the table that the initial slumps of the superplasticizers in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 were significantly smaller than that of Example 1, and the solidification admixture dosages of the superplasticizers in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 were greater than that of Example 1. Therefore, the water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester mixed structure synthesized by the present invention has outstanding water-reducing performance compared with traditional superplasticizers.

[0074] The water reducer of Comparative Example 2 did not introduce ester macromonomers, and the water reducer of Comparative Example 3 did not introduce crosslinking functional monomers. The solid content dosage of the water reducers synthesized in Comparative Examples 2 to 3 was higher, the initial slump of the concrete decreased significantly, and the workability of the concrete was also poor. It can be seen that the water reducing performance and slump retention performance of the water reducer prepared in Example 1 are significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 2 to 3. Only the vinyl ether ester mixed structure water reducing polycarboxylate water reducer synthesized by the synergistic effect of vinyl polyether, ester macromonomer, and crosslinking monomer has outstanding water reducing performance and good slump retention performance. The crosslinking structure, ester group, and ether group together improve the water reducing performance of the water reducer.

[0075] The water reducer of Comparative Example 4 used a redox initiation system (reaction temperature > 20 °C). The solid content dosage of the water reducer synthesized in Comparative Example 4 was higher, the initial slump of the concrete decreased significantly, and the workability of the concrete was also poor. It can be seen that in this application, by changing the conventional initiator system to a photoinitiator system, the preparation temperature of the water reducer was reduced, and thus the prepared vinyl ether ester mixed structure water reducing polycarboxylate water reducer has outstanding water reducing performance and good workability.

[0076] In summary, the vinyl ether ester mixed structure water reducing polycarboxylate water reducer provided by the present invention has outstanding water reducing performance, can effectively improve the workability of concrete; and in the production process, it requires a low preparation temperature, low production cost, is environmentally friendly, and has high practical value and promotion prospects.

[0077] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that although there are many problems in the prior art, each embodiment or technical solution of the present invention can be improved only in one or several aspects, and it is not necessary to solve all the technical problems listed in the prior art or the background art at the same time. Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure, characterized in that: The weight parts content of each component is: 100 parts of vinyl polyether macromonomer, 10 - 20 parts of unsaturated acid monomer, 10 - 20 parts of ester macromonomer, 5 - 10 parts of crosslinking monomer, 1 - 5 parts of photoinitiator, 1 - 3 parts of chain transfer agent, and 10 - 100 parts of water; The unsaturated acid monomer is one or a combination of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid; The structural formula of the ester macromonomer is ； where e is an integer from 4 to 15; The structural formula of the crosslinking monomer is ； The structural formula of the vinyl polyether macromonomer is ； where a is an integer from 1 to 4 and b is an integer from 30 to 110; The photoinitiator is any one of 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide and ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphonate; Among them, the free radical copolymerization reaction initiated by the photoinitiator is carried out under ultraviolet light irradiation. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 230-380 nm, and the irradiation intensity is 20-110 W / m 2 .

2. The water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular weight of the vinyl polyether macromonomer is 2400 - 5000, and the molecular weight of the ester macromonomer is 500 - 2400.

3. A preparation method of the water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure as described in any one of claims 1 - 2, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve the unsaturated acid monomer and the crosslinking monomer in water to obtain solution A; S2. Add the vinyl polyether macromonomer, the ester macromonomer and water into the reaction vessel together, control the temperature, and dropwise add the photoinitiator, solution A and the chain transfer agent respectively under ultraviolet light irradiation. After the dropping is completed, keep warm to obtain reaction product B; S3. Adjust the pH value of reaction product B to 6.0 - 7.0 to obtain the water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a vinyl ether ester hybrid structure.

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