A rail straightness detection mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail straightness detection mechanism, including a machine base, a travel detection mechanism, a roller and a rail guide mechanism, a centering and clamping mechanism, a sensor lifting and translation mechanism and a straightness measurement component, two centering and clamping mechanisms and a roller and a rail guide mechanism are arranged on the machine base along the same straight line, the roller and the rail guide mechanism are arranged between the two centering and clamping mechanisms, the travel detection mechanism is also arranged on the machine base, the straightness measurement component is connected to the travel detection mechanism through the sensor lifting and translation mechanism, the straightness measurement component is arranged above the position of the rail, and the travel detection mechanism drives the straightness measurement component to move back and forth along the length direction of the rail. The invention realizes automatic measurement of the straightness of the rail, improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and reduces costs by replacing robots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a rail straightness detection mechanism. Background Art

[0002] The rail straightness detection mechanism is a device that can replace manual measurement of rail straightness, and is used to automatically measure the straightness of railway rails. Currently, the measurement of railway rail straightness is done manually, relying on teeth and plug gauges to measure straightness. However, manual measurement has large errors, and the errors in straightness of the same rail measured by different people are also large, and manual operation is inefficient. Repeated measurement of rail straightness over a long period of time requires a lot of labor, which is not conducive to maximizing the interests of manufacturers. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rail straightness detection mechanism for the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, so as to realize automatic measurement of rail straightness, improve work efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and reduce costs by replacing robots.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0005] A rail straightness detection mechanism comprises a machine base, a travel detection mechanism, a roller and rail guide mechanism, a centering and clamping mechanism, a sensor lifting and translating mechanism and a straightness measurement component. Two centering and clamping mechanisms and one roller and rail guide mechanism are arranged on the machine base along the same straight line. The roller and rail guide mechanism are arranged between the two centering and clamping mechanisms. The travel detection mechanism is also arranged on the machine base. The straightness measurement component is connected with the travel detection mechanism through the sensor lifting and translating mechanism. The straightness measurement component is arranged above the position of the rail. The travel detection mechanism drives the straightness measurement component to move back and forth along the length direction of the rail.

[0006] According to the above technical scheme, the walking detection mechanism includes a track bracket and a synchronous belt. The track bracket is arranged on the machine base. The track bracket is arranged with a track along the length direction of the rail. A sliding block is provided on the track. The synchronous belt is installed on the track bracket and arranged along the length direction of the track. The sensor lifting and translation mechanism is arranged on the sliding block and connected to the synchronous belt.

[0007] According to the above technical scheme, the sensor lifting and translation mechanism includes a belt guide mechanism, a servo motor, a sensor translation fixed frame and a synchronous pulley. The servo motor and the belt guide mechanism are fixed on the sensor translation fixed frame, the sensor translation fixed frame is arranged on the sliding block, and the synchronous belt is connected to the synchronous pulley through the belt guide mechanism.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the belt guide mechanism includes two belt guide wheels, namely the first belt guide wheel and the second belt guide wheel, which are arranged on both sides of the synchronous pulley, and the belt passes around the first belt guide wheel, the synchronous pulley and the second belt guide wheel in sequence; the servo motor drives the synchronous pulley to rotate, and the synchronous belt drives the sensor translation fixed frame to move back and forth along the linear track in the opposite direction.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the bottom of the track bracket is connected to the machine base by bolts, and pressure blocks and belt tensioning devices are arranged in sequence on the track bracket along the length direction of the track, and the two ends of the synchronous belt are respectively connected to the pressure blocks and the belt tensioning device.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the roller and rail guide mechanism includes a guide frame, a guide connecting plate and a guide roller, the guide frame and the roller frame are sequentially arranged on the machine base, the roller cylinder is horizontally arranged on the roller frame, the guide roller is fixed on the guide frame through the guide connecting plate, and the two guide rollers are vertically arranged on both sides of the roller cylinder;

[0011] A roller slide is arranged on the roller frame, a roller cylinder is arranged on the roller slide, the roller cylinder can move up and down along the roller slide, the roller cylinder is connected with a lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder is arranged on the roller frame.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the centering and clamping mechanism includes a centering and clamping frame, a clamping assembly and a centering and positioning assembly. The centering and clamping frame is fixed on the machine base, and the clamping assembly and the centering and positioning assembly are both arranged on both sides of the rail position.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, there are two clamping assemblies, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The clamping assembly includes a vertical telescopic cylinder, a cylinder seat and a pressure rod. The vertical telescopic cylinder is arranged on the centering clamping frame, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the centering clamping frame, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the pressure rod, and the movable end of the vertical telescopic cylinder is hinged to the outer end of the pressure rod;

[0014] There are two centering positioning components, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The centering positioning components include a transverse telescopic cylinder and a cylinder fixing seat. The transverse telescopic cylinder is connected to the centering clamping frame through the cylinder fixing seat.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the straightness measurement assembly includes a measuring bracket, a sensor connecting plate and a laser sensor. The laser sensor is arranged on the measuring bracket through the sensor connecting plate, and the measuring bracket is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism.

[0016] According to the above technical scheme, the measuring bracket includes a fixed plate, an upper plate and two side plates. The two side plates are arranged side by side in parallel. The two ends of the upper plate are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two side plates, and the two ends of the fixed plate are respectively connected to the rear ends of the two side plates. The fixed plate is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] It can realize automatic measurement of rail straightness and transfer rail to designated position, thus improving work efficiency, reducing labor intensity and reducing cost by replacing robots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a rail straightness detection mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a walking detection mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a roller and rail guide mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a centering and clamping mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a straightness measurement assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sensor lifting and translation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a belt guide mechanism and a synchronous pulley connected via a synchronous pulley in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure, 1-centering and clamping mechanism, 2-roller and rail guiding mechanism, 3-straightness measuring assembly, 4-travel detection mechanism, 5-sensor lifting and translation mechanism, 6-rail, 7-machine base;

[0028] 1-1-compression rod, 1-2-lateral telescopic cylinder, 1-3-connecting rod, 1-4-cylinder seat, 1-5-compression pad, 1-6-centering and compression frame, 1-7-vertical telescopic cylinder;

[0029] 2-1-guide frame, 2-2-guide connecting plate, 2-3-first roller slide, 2-4-second roller slide, 2-5-roller cylinder, 2-6-guide roller, 2-7-roller frame;

[0030] 3-1-fixed plate, 3-2-sensor connecting plate, 3-3-upper plate, 3-4-side plate, 3-5-reinforcement plate, 3-6-laser sensor;

[0031] 4-1-sliding block, 4-2-pressing block, 4-3-track bracket, 4-4-synchronous belt, 4-5-belt tensioning device;

[0032] 5-1-drag chain fixing plate, 5-2-belt guide mechanism, 5-3-servo motor, 5-4-sensor translation fixing bracket, 5-5-synchronous pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a rail straightness detection mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention includes a machine base 7, a travel detection mechanism 4, a roller and rail guide mechanism 2, a centering and clamping mechanism 1, a sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 and a straightness measurement assembly 3. Two centering and clamping mechanisms 1 and one roller and rail guide mechanism 2 are arranged on the machine base 7 along the same straight line for fixing and conveying the rails. The roller and rail guide mechanism 2 are arranged between the two centering and clamping mechanisms 1. The travel detection mechanism 4 is also arranged on the machine base 7. The straightness measurement assembly 3 is connected to the travel detection mechanism 4 through the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5. The straightness measurement assembly 3 is arranged above the position of the rail, and the travel detection mechanism 4 drives the straightness measurement assembly 3 to move back and forth along the length direction of the rail.

[0035] Furthermore, the walking detection mechanism 4 includes a track bracket 4-3 and a synchronous belt 4-4. The track bracket 4-3 is arranged on the machine base 7. A track is arranged on the track bracket 4-3 along the length direction of the rail. A sliding block 4-1 is provided on the track. The synchronous belt 4-4 is installed on the track bracket 4-3 and arranged along the length direction of the track. The sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 is arranged on the sliding block 4-1 and is connected to the synchronous belt 4-4.

[0036] Furthermore, the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 includes a belt guide mechanism 5-2, a servo motor 5-3, a sensor translation fixing frame 5-4 and a synchronous pulley 5-5. The servo motor 5-3 and the belt guide mechanism 5-2 are fixed on the sensor translation fixing frame 5-4 by bolts. The sensor translation fixing frame 5-4 is set on the sliding block 4-1. The synchronous belt 4-4 is connected to the synchronous pulley 5-5 through the belt guide mechanism 5-2; the synchronous pulley 5-5 cooperates with the synchronous belt 4-4 in the rail straightness detection mechanism to drive the synchronous pulley 5-5 to move. The synchronous pulley 5-5 and the above-mentioned synchronous belt 4-4 cooperate with each other to make the equipment translate left and right.

[0037] Furthermore, the belt guide mechanism includes two belt guide wheels, namely a first belt guide wheel and a second belt guide wheel, which are arranged on both sides of the synchronous pulley, and the belt passes around the first belt guide wheel, the synchronous pulley and the second belt guide wheel in sequence; the servo motor drives the synchronous pulley to rotate, and the synchronous belt drives the sensor translation fixed frame to move back and forth along the linear track in the opposite direction.

[0038] Furthermore, a drag chain fixing plate 5-1 is provided on the sensor translation fixing frame 5-4 for fixing the drag chain of the system.

[0039] Furthermore, the bottom of the track bracket 4-3 is connected to the machine base 7 by bolts, and the track bracket 4-3 is sequentially arranged with a pressure block 4-2 and a belt tensioning device 4-5 along the length direction of the track, and the two ends of the synchronous belt 4-4 are respectively connected to the pressure block 4-2 and the belt tensioning device 4-5.

[0040] Furthermore, a belt tensioning device 4-5 is arranged on the right side of the synchronous belt 4-4, and a pressure block 4-2 is arranged on the left side of the synchronous belt 4-4, which cooperate with each other to ensure the normal operation of the synchronous belt 4-4; the synchronous belt 4-4 on the walking detection mechanism 4 and the synchronous pulley 5-5 in the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 cooperate with each other, and when the synchronous belt 4-4 moves, it drives the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 to move.

[0041] Furthermore, the roller and rail guide mechanism 2 includes a guide frame 2-1, a guide connecting plate 2-2 and a guide roller 2-6. The guide frame 2-1 and the roller frame 2-7 are sequentially arranged on the machine base 7. The roller cylinder 2-5 is horizontally arranged on the roller frame 2-7. The guide roller 2-6 is fixed on the guide frame 2-1 through the guide connecting plate 2-2. Two guide rollers 2-6 are vertically arranged on both sides of the roller cylinder 2-5.

[0042] A roller slide is provided on the roller frame 2-7, and a roller cylinder 2-5 is arranged on the roller slide. The roller cylinder 2-5 can move up and down along the roller slide. The roller cylinder 2-5 is connected to a lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder is arranged on the roller frame 2-7.

[0043] The roller slide is composed of two types of roller slides, namely a first roller slide 2-3 and a second roller slide 2-4.

[0044] Furthermore, the roller and rail guiding mechanism 2 includes a roller frame 2-7, two types of roller slides and a roller cylinder 2-5, and the roller cylinder 2-5 is placed in the middle of the symmetrically distributed roller slides; the roller and rail guiding mechanism 2 is established between the two centering and clamping mechanisms 1, and the guide rollers 2-6 therein are responsible for supporting the rails and fixing the left and right sides of the rails to avoid the influence of the rail movement on the straightness measurement; the roller assembly is mainly responsible for the transportation and delivery of the rails.

[0045] Furthermore, the centering and clamping mechanism 1 includes a centering and clamping frame 1-6, a clamping assembly and a centering and positioning assembly. The centering and clamping frame 1-6 is fixed on the machine base 7, and the clamping assembly and the centering and positioning assembly are both arranged on both sides of the rail position.

[0046] Furthermore, there are two clamping assemblies, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The clamping assemblies include a vertical telescopic cylinder 1-7, a cylinder seat 1-4 and a pressure rod 1-1. The vertical telescopic cylinder 1-7 is arranged on the centering clamping frame 1-6, one end of the connecting rod 1-3 is connected to the centering clamping frame 1-6, the other end of the connecting rod 1-3 is hinged to the middle of the pressure rod 1-1, and the movable end of the vertical telescopic cylinder 1-7 is hinged to the outer end of the pressure rod 1-1; after the vertical telescopic cylinder 1-7 is extended, the pressure rod 1-1 is rotated, and the inner end of the pressure rod 1-1 clamps the rail;

[0047] There are two centering positioning components, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The centering positioning components include a transverse telescopic cylinder 1-2 and a cylinder fixing seat. The transverse telescopic cylinder 1-2 is connected to the centering clamping frame 1-6 through the cylinder fixing seat; the movable end of the transverse telescopic cylinder 1-2 is arranged toward the rail position, and after the two transverse telescopic cylinders 1-2 are extended, the rails are clamped and centered from both sides.

[0048] Furthermore, a compression pad 1-5 is provided between the rail and the centering and compression frame 1-6.

[0049] Furthermore, the vertical telescopic cylinder 1-7 and the horizontal telescopic cylinder 1-2 can be selected as air cylinders or oil cylinders; the centering clamping mechanism 1 is set up on both sides, which is mainly responsible for the clamping and positioning functions during the transportation of the rails. After the rails reach the specified position, the pressure rod 1-1 and the connecting rod 1-3 are driven by the cylinder to fix the rails. After the inspection is completed, the pressure rod 1-1 is released to send the rails out of the inspection mechanism.

[0050] Furthermore, the straightness measurement assembly 3 includes a measuring bracket, a sensor connecting plate 3 - 2 and a laser sensor 3 - 6 . The laser sensor 3 - 6 is disposed on the measuring bracket through the sensor connecting plate 3 - 2 . The measuring bracket is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 .

[0051] Furthermore, the measuring bracket includes a fixed plate 3-1, an upper plate 3-3 and two side plates 3-4, the two side plates 3-4 are arranged side by side in parallel, the two ends of the upper plate 3-3 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two side plates 3-4, the two ends of the fixed plate 3-1 are respectively connected to the rear ends of the two side plates 3-4, and the side of the fixed plate 3-1 is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 by bolts; the laser sensor 3-6 is fixed to the sensor connecting plate 3-2 by bolts, the upper plate 3-3 is connected to the two side plates 3-4 by screws, and the side is an irregular trapezoid connected to the fixed plate 3-1, the sensor connecting plate 3-2 and the upper plate 3-3; a reinforcing plate 3-5 is also connected between the two side plates.

[0052] Furthermore, the straightness measuring component 3 is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 through the fixed plate 3-1. When the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 is started, the laser sensor 3-6 is turned on. After traveling a set distance, the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 stops moving, and the laser sensor 3-6 is turned off to complete the data measurement.

[0053] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: first, the rail passes through the centering and clamping mechanism 1 on the left, then through the roller and the rail guide mechanism 2, and finally through the centering and clamping mechanism 1 on the right to reach the designated position. Then, the centering and clamping mechanism 1 clamps the rail according to the size of the rail to prevent the vibration, movement and other unstable factors of the rail from causing errors in the measurement of the straightness of the rail.

[0054] After the rail reaches the specified position and is successfully fixed, the synchronous belt 4-4 in the walking detection mechanism 4 starts to move. The synchronous belt 4-4 is controlled by pulses and stops when it passes the set pulses; then after the measurement is completed, the synchronous belt 4-4 moves in the opposite direction to return to the initial position before the movement.

[0055] While the synchronous belt 4-4 moves by the pulse signal, the synchronous pulley 5-5 on the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 drives the synchronous belt, driving the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 to move. The sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 is provided with a servo motor 5-3 for driving the synchronous pulley 5-5 to move.

[0056] When the sensor lifting and translating mechanism 5 starts to move, the laser sensors 3-6 in the straightness measuring assembly 3 are turned on and start measuring, and are turned off when the sensor lifting and translating mechanism 5 stops moving forward.

[0057] After the sensor lifting and translation mechanism 5 returns to the initial position driven by the synchronous belt, the centering and clamping mechanism 1 releases the rail, and the roller and rail guide mechanism 2 transport the rail to be measured out of the measurement system, and the straightness measurement of a set of rails is completed.

[0058] A rail straightness detection method using a non-contact sensor combined positioning implemented by the rail straightness detection mechanism of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1, the laser sensor moves along the length direction of the rail, and the laser sensor scans at an angle to collect the local profile information of the rail;

[0060] S2, identifying the characteristic arc surface of the rail through the local profile information of the rail and the position information and parameter information of the laser sensor;

[0061] S3, determining the position of the rail straightness detection area through the position coordinates of the centers of the two arc surfaces of the rail;

[0062] S4, calculate the straightness of the rail.

[0063] Furthermore, before step S1, the laser sensor moves back to the starting point after scanning; if the above information is not obtained, the measurement system self-checks and restarts until the information is fully prepared.

[0064] Before step S2, invalid points are filtered out based on the collected rail local profile information.

[0065] Furthermore, there are two laser sensors, which are arranged on both sides above the rails. A single laser sensor scans the same side of the rail and the surface of the rail. The specific range is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the range of K1 to K2.

[0066] Furthermore, in the steps S1 and S2, the local rail profile information is the shape and point coordinate information of the rail within the sector scanning range of the laser sensor;

[0067] In the step S2, the position information and parameter information of the laser sensor include the spatial coordinates of the laser sensor and the effective scanning area position information of the laser sensor which need to be manually input.

[0068] Furthermore, in the step S2, positioning and identifying the characteristic arc surface of the rail is performed according to the acquired local contour image information of the rail, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] S2.1, image information of the local profile of the rail obtained in real time by the laser sensor;

[0070] S2.2, after smoothing and fitting the image information, identifying the area of ​​the characteristic arc surface of the rail;

[0071] S2.3, identify the characteristic arc segment, and deduce and calculate the fitting center coordinates of the characteristic arc surface of the rail according to the designed arc radius.

[0072] Furthermore, in the step S3, the position of the rail straightness detection area is calculated according to the acquired coordinates of the center positions of the arc surfaces on both sides of the rail, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] S3.1, calculate the horizontal distances L0 and L1 between the centers of the arcs on both sides of the upper surface of the rail cross section and the sensors on the same side;

[0074] S3.2, obtain the horizontal distance L2 between the two sensors;

[0075] S3.3, calculate the straightness detection area on the rail surface;

[0076] S3.4, calculate the straightness detection area of ​​both sides of the rail through the detection area on the rail surface and the coordinates of the center of the arc surface.

[0077] Furthermore, in the step S3.3, the specific process of calculating the detection area on the rail surface is as follows: quickly perform feature recognition and capture on each set of cross-sectional rail profile information data transmitted by the two laser sensors, locate the theoretical center positions of the arcs on both sides of the rail surface, and perform an average calculation of the horizontal coordinates of the theoretical centers of the arcs on both sides based on the approximate symmetry of the rail interface, as the central horizontal coordinate value for locating the detection area on the rail surface.

[0078] Furthermore, in the step S3.2, the horizontal distance between the center of the arc on both sides and the sensors on both sides is calculated using the horizontal projection method; the horizontal distance L2 between the two sensors is determined by the on-site installation process guidance of the sensors, and is measured and manually entered into the system after the sensors are installed.

[0079] Furthermore, in the step S3.3, the central horizontal coordinate of the centered neighborhood area where the upper surface detection area of ​​the rail is located is calculated by the formula 0.5*L0-0.5*L1+0.5*L2.

[0080] Furthermore, in the step S3.4, the relative distance between the straightness detection area on the rail surface and the straightness detection area on both sides of the rail is obtained according to the relevant standards of the railway track, and the central horizontal coordinate of the centered neighborhood area where the straightness detection area on both sides of the rail is located is calculated.

[0081] According to the standard, the areas on both sides of the rail cross section 19.4 mm below the upper surface of the rail are taken as the center of the rail side detection area, and a 7 mm area is taken from the detection area for data extraction.

[0082] Furthermore, the collected data is processed by straightness calculation to obtain a straightness index.

[0083] Furthermore, in the step S4, the specific process of calculating the straightness of the rail includes: grouping all the data of the three straightness detection areas obtained, performing a moving average noise reduction process of a length L, averaging the three groups of data of the same section as the center point coordinates, obtaining the fitting curve equation according to the least squares method, fitting a center line, calculating the distance Zn between the point and the fitting straight line, and calculating the straightness of the three surfaces according to the following formulas; the three straightness detection areas are the straightness detection area on the upper surface of the rail and the straightness detection areas on both sides of the rail.

[0084] Furthermore, the difference between the maximum theoretical residual value and the minimum theoretical residual value of a single point between the fitting curve and the actual data is calculated as the final output straightness result.

[0085] Furthermore, the length L is 3 to 8 mm.

[0086] Furthermore, the optimal length L is 5 mm.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific workflow of the present invention is:

[0088] Step 1: First, the measurement system is started, the sensor moves to a fixed area, sensor A scans and detects whether the data scanned by sensor A is empty. If it is empty, return to the previous step. If it is not empty, sensor B is turned on for scanning and detects whether the data scanned by sensor B is empty. If it is empty, return to the previous step. If it is not empty, the data at this moment is numbered and stored. Move to the next area for scanning to determine whether the data of the preset length is obtained. If not, return to the beginning and scan again;

[0089] Step 2: Take out the first set of data from the storage queue, identify the arc curve in the center area of ​​sensor A, and calculate the theoretical center of the arc surface. Determine whether it is a valid coordinate. If so, identify the arc curve in the center area of ​​sensor B and calculate the theoretical center of the arc surface. If not, delete this set of data and continue with the following data. Repeat this step;

[0090] Step 3: Get the two circle center coordinates calculated in the previous step, find the center point of the two circle center coordinates, calculate the average value of the 7mm test area with the center point as the midpoint, and store these values ​​to determine whether they are valid values ​​and whether they are successfully stored. If all are successful, proceed to the next step;

[0091] Step 4: Based on the average value of the center point calculated in the third step, the coordinates to be measured on the two sides are calculated according to the formula. Similarly, find the average value of the width B (B can be selected from 6 to 8 mm, and the optimal choice of B is 7 mm) of the area to be measured with this point as the midpoint. On the same cross section of the rail, the laser sensor detects and collects the center points of multiple pairs of center coordinates on both sides for multiple times, and determines whether it is a valid value. Select the center point belonging to the area to be measured. If it is, go to the next step. If not, repeat this step;

[0092] (Note: Taking a 2m long rail as an example, this method will measure more than 4000 cross sections, that is, in the second to fourth steps, more than 4000 calculations of each feature point will be performed. The number of cross sections is related to the frequency of the sensor and the speed at which the sensor moves.)

[0093] Step 5: Based on the average values ​​of the midpoints on the three surfaces calculated in the previous steps, obtain the fitting curve formula through the least squares method, traverse all recorded data, calculate the distance between the point and the fitting straight line, and finally calculate the straightness of the three surfaces of the rail according to the straightness calculation formula.

[0094] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail straightness detection mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a machine base, a travel detection mechanism, a roller and rail guide mechanism, a centering and clamping mechanism, a sensor lifting and translation mechanism and a straightness measurement component. Two centering and clamping mechanisms and one roller and rail guide mechanism are arranged on the machine base along the same straight line. The roller and rail guide mechanism are arranged between the two centering and clamping mechanisms. The travel detection mechanism is also arranged on the machine base. The straightness measurement component is connected with the travel detection mechanism through the sensor lifting and translation mechanism. The straightness measurement component is arranged above the position of the rail. The travel detection mechanism drives the straightness measurement component to move back and forth along the length direction of the rail. The walking detection mechanism includes a track bracket and a synchronous belt. The track bracket is arranged on the machine base. The track bracket is arranged along the length direction of the rail. A sliding block is arranged on the track. The synchronous belt is installed on the track bracket and arranged along the length direction of the track. The sensor lifting and translation mechanism is arranged on the sliding block and connected to the synchronous belt. The sensor lifting and translation mechanism includes a belt guide mechanism, a servo motor, a sensor translation fixing frame and a synchronous pulley. The servo motor and the belt guide mechanism are fixed on the sensor translation fixing frame. The sensor translation fixing frame is arranged on the sliding block. The synchronous belt is connected to the synchronous pulley via the belt guide mechanism. The belt guide mechanism includes two belt guide wheels, namely the first belt guide wheel and the second belt guide wheel, which are arranged on both sides of the synchronous pulley, and the same belt passes around the first belt guide wheel, the synchronous pulley and the second belt guide wheel in sequence; the servo motor drives the synchronous pulley to rotate, and the synchronous belt drives the sensor translation fixing frame to move back and forth along the linear track in the reverse direction; The straightness measurement assembly includes a measuring bracket, a sensor connecting plate and a laser sensor. The laser sensor is arranged on the measuring bracket through the sensor connecting plate, and the measuring bracket is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism. There are two laser sensors, which are arranged on both sides above the cross section of the rail to be measured. A rail straightness detection process of a rail straightness detection mechanism comprises the following steps: The laser sensor moves along the length of the rail, and the laser sensor scans at an angle to collect local profile information of the rail; The characteristic arc surface of the rail is identified through the local contour information of the rail and the position information and parameter information of the laser sensor; The position of the rail straightness detection area is determined by the position coordinates of the centers of the two arc surfaces of the rail; Calculate the straightness of the rails; According to the acquired local contour image information of the rail, the characteristic arc surface of the rail is positioned and identified, which specifically includes the following steps: The local profile image information of the rail is obtained in real time by the laser sensor; After smoothing and fitting the image information, the area of ​​the characteristic arc surface of the rail is identified; Identify the characteristic arc segment, and deduce and calculate the fitting center coordinates of the characteristic arc surface of the rail according to the designed arc radius; According to the acquired coordinates of the center positions of the arc surfaces on both sides of the rail, the position of the rail straightness detection area is calculated, which specifically includes the following steps: Calculate the horizontal distances L0 and L1 between the centers of the arcs on both sides of the upper surface of the rail cross section and the sensors on the same side; Get the horizontal distance L2 between the two sensors; Calculate the straightness detection area on the rail surface; The straightness detection area on both sides of the rail is calculated through the detection area on the rail surface and the coordinates of the center of the arc surface.

2. The rail straightness detection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the track bracket is connected to the machine base by bolts. A pressure block and a belt tensioning device are arranged in sequence on the track bracket along the length direction of the track. Both ends of the synchronous belt are respectively connected to the pressure block and the belt tensioning device.

3. The rail straightness detection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller and rail guide mechanism includes a guide frame, a guide connecting plate and a guide roller. The guide frame and the roller frame are sequentially arranged on the machine base. The roller cylinder is horizontally arranged on the roller frame. The guide roller is fixed on the guide frame through the guide connecting plate. Two guide rollers are vertically arranged on both sides of the roller cylinder. A roller slide is arranged on the roller frame, a roller cylinder is arranged on the roller slide, the roller cylinder can move up and down along the roller slide, the roller cylinder is connected with a lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder is arranged on the roller frame.

4. The rail straightness detection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering and clamping mechanism comprises a centering and clamping frame, a clamping assembly and a centering and positioning assembly. The centering and clamping frame is fixed on the machine base, and the clamping assembly and the centering and positioning assembly are both arranged on both sides of the rail position.

5. The rail straightness detection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are two clamping assemblies, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The clamping assemblies include a vertical telescopic cylinder, a cylinder seat and a pressure rod. The vertical telescopic cylinder is arranged on the centering clamping frame, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the centering clamping frame, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the pressure rod. The movable end of the vertical telescopic cylinder is hinged to the outer end of the pressure rod; There are two centering positioning components, which are arranged on both sides of the rail position. The centering positioning components include a transverse telescopic cylinder and a cylinder fixing seat. The transverse telescopic cylinder is connected to the centering clamping frame through the cylinder fixing seat.

6. The rail straightness detection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring bracket includes a fixed plate, an upper plate and two side plates. The two side plates are arranged side by side in parallel. The two ends of the upper plate are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two side plates, the two ends of the fixed plate are respectively connected to the rear ends of the two side plates, and the fixed plate is connected to the sensor lifting and translation mechanism.

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