Channel circuits and electronic devices

Abstract

The present invention provides a channel circuit and an electronic device, comprising: a power channel switch, a signal channel switch, a control module, and a comparison module; the power channel switch is connected between a circuit input end and a first circuit output end, and the signal channel switch is connected between the circuit input end and the second circuit output end; the comparison module is connected to the circuit input end, and is used to: compare the input voltage with a specified voltage threshold, and feed back the corresponding comparison result to the control module; the specified voltage threshold includes a first voltage threshold; the control module is used to: when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, control the signal channel switch to be turned on and the power channel switch to be turned off; when the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, control the signal channel switch to be turned off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of circuits, and in particular to a channel circuit and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] In electronic devices, power channels and signal channels may be provided, wherein the power channel refers to a channel for transmitting electrical energy to achieve power supply, and the signal channel refers to a channel for transmitting logic levels or analog signal levels to achieve logic level or analog signal level transmission.

[0003] In the existing related technologies, the power channel and the signal channel need to use input pins and output pins respectively, which will bring about the problem of too many pins, and further, will cause problems such as large occupied area and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a channel circuit and an electronic device to solve the problem of too many pins.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a channel circuit is provided, comprising: a power channel switch, a signal channel switch, a control module, and a comparison module; the power channel switch is connected between a circuit input terminal and a first circuit output terminal, and the signal channel switch is connected between the circuit input terminal and the second circuit output terminal;

[0006] The comparison module is connected to the circuit input terminal and is used to:

[0007] Comparing the input voltage with a specified voltage threshold and feeding back the corresponding comparison result to the control module; the specified voltage threshold includes a first voltage threshold;

[0008] The control module is used for:

[0009] When the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, controlling the signal channel switch to be turned on and the power channel switch to be turned off;

[0010] When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned off.

[0011] Optionally, the specified voltage threshold further includes a second voltage threshold; the second voltage threshold is higher than the first voltage threshold;

[0012] The control module is further configured to:

[0013] When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold and lower than the second voltage threshold, controlling the power supply channel to be turned on;

[0014] When the input voltage is higher than the second voltage threshold, the power supply channel is controlled to be turned off.

[0015] Optionally, the second voltage threshold is an overvoltage protection voltage threshold, and the first voltage threshold is an undervoltage protection voltage threshold.

[0016] Optionally, the signal channel switch is a bidirectional switch.

[0017] Optionally, the control module is further configured to: when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, supply power from a designated voltage source.

[0018] Optionally, the comparison module includes a first comparison unit for comparing the input voltage with the first voltage threshold, and the first comparison unit is connected between the circuit input terminal and the control module.

[0019] Optionally, the first comparison unit includes a first voltage-dividing resistor, a second voltage-dividing resistor and a first comparator; the first voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal of the first comparator and the circuit input terminal, the second voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal and the ground, and the second input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the first reference voltage corresponding to the first voltage threshold.

[0020] Optionally, the comparison module includes a second comparison unit for comparing the input voltage with a second voltage threshold among the specified voltage thresholds, and the second comparison unit is connected between the circuit input terminal and the control module.

[0021] Optionally, the second comparison unit includes a third voltage-dividing resistor, a fourth voltage-dividing resistor and a second comparator; the third voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal of the second comparator and the circuit input terminal, the fourth voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the second input terminal of the second comparator and the ground, and the second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the second reference voltage corresponding to the second voltage threshold.

[0022] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising the channel circuit involved in the first aspect and its optional solutions.

[0023] In the channel circuit and electronic device provided by the present invention, since the signal channel switch and the power channel switch are respectively connected between the circuit input terminal and the corresponding circuit output terminal, when the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned off and the power channel switch is controlled to be turned on, logic-level signal transmission can be achieved. When the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned on and the power channel switch is controlled to be turned off, power transmission can be achieved. Furthermore, power transmission and logic-level signal transmission can reuse the circuit input terminal (i.e., the IN pin), effectively saving the number of pins, thereby saving area and cost. At the same time, the present invention can switch power transmission and signal transmission based on the comparison result of the input voltage and the first voltage threshold, achieving accurate switching of the circuit, thereby accurately adapting to the transmission requirements of the circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a channel circuit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a channel circuit in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a channel circuit in yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 10-Comparison module;

[0030] 11- a first comparison unit;

[0031] 12- a second comparison unit;

[0032] 20-control module;

[0033] 30. SW1-power channel switch;

[0034] 40. SW2-signal channel switch;

[0035] R1-first resistor;

[0036] R2-second resistor;

[0037] R3-the third resistor;

[0038] R4-fourth resistor;

[0039] Comp1 - first comparator;

[0040] Comp2 - Second comparator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the specification of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper part", "lower part", "upper end", "lower end", "lower surface", "upper surface", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means multiple, such as two, three, four, etc., unless otherwise clearly defined.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "connection" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; it can mean mechanical connection, electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can mean direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] The following specific embodiments are used to describe the technical solution of the present invention in detail. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1The embodiment of the present invention provides a channel circuit, including: a power channel switch 30, a signal channel switch 40, a control module 20, and a comparison module 10. The channel circuit can be provided on the same chip.

[0048] The power channel switch 30 is connected between the circuit input terminal (i.e., the IN pin) and the first circuit output terminal (i.e., the OUT1 pin). Thus, by turning the power channel switch 30 on and off, power can be transmitted between the circuit input terminal (i.e., the IN pin) and the first circuit output terminal (i.e., the OUT1 pin). In a further example, the power channel switch 30 can be a transistor, such as a field-effect transistor or a triode, or any other device.

[0049] The signal path switch 40 is connected between the circuit input (i.e., the IN pin) and the second circuit output (i.e., the OUT2 pin). Thus, by turning the signal path switch 40 on and off, a logic level signal or an analog signal can be transmitted or not transmitted between the circuit input (i.e., the IN pin) and the second circuit output (i.e., the OUT2 pin). In a further example, the signal path switch 40 can be a transistor, such as a field-effect transistor or a triode, or any other device.

[0050] In one example, the control module 20 can be directly connected to the control terminals of the power channel switch 30 and the signal channel switch 40. In another example, the power channel switch 30 and the signal channel switch 40 can be connected through a driver module (e.g., a circuit module that drives the power channel switch 30 through the control of the upper and lower transistors). Furthermore, the number of power channel switches 30 and signal channel switches 40 can be one or more.

[0051] The comparison module 10 is connected to the circuit input terminal (e.g., IN pin) and is used to:

[0052] Comparing the input voltage with a specified voltage threshold, and feeding back the corresponding comparison result to the control module;

[0053] The specified voltage threshold includes a first voltage threshold; correspondingly, the comparison result includes whether the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold and / or whether the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold. The first voltage threshold may be, for example, an undervoltage protection voltage threshold, and may be varied as required.

[0054] In some examples, the specified voltage threshold also includes a second voltage threshold; accordingly, the comparison result includes whether the input voltage is higher than the second voltage threshold and / or whether the input voltage is lower than the second voltage threshold. The second voltage threshold may be, for example, an over-protection voltage threshold, and may be arbitrarily varied based on needs.

[0055] The control module 20 is used to:

[0056] When the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, controlling the signal channel switch to be turned on and the power channel switch to be turned off;

[0057] When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned off.

[0058] In the above scheme, since the signal channel switch and the power channel switch are both connected between the circuit input end and the corresponding circuit output end, when the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned off and the power channel switch is controlled to be turned on, signal transmission of logic level or analog signal level can be achieved. When the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned on and the power channel switch is controlled to be turned off, power transmission can be achieved. Furthermore, power transmission and signal transmission of logic or analog signal level can reuse the circuit input end (i.e., circuit input pin), effectively saving the number of pins, thereby saving area and cost. At the same time, the present invention can switch power transmission and signal transmission based on the comparison result of the input voltage and the first voltage threshold, thereby achieving accurate switching of the circuit, thereby accurately adapting to the transmission requirements of the circuit.

[0059] The control module 20 is further configured to:

[0060] When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold and lower than the second voltage threshold, controlling the power supply channel to be turned on;

[0061] When the input voltage is higher than the second voltage threshold, the power supply channel is controlled to be turned off.

[0062] It can be seen that under the control of the control module 20, the power channel switch 30 and the signal channel switch 40 can form at least three states:

[0063] When the input voltage is higher than the second voltage threshold, the power channel switch 30 and the signal channel switch 40 are both turned off; at this time, no power, logic level signal or analog signal is transmitted;

[0064] When the input voltage is lower than the second voltage threshold and higher than the first voltage threshold, the power channel switch 30 is turned on and the signal channel switch 40 is turned off; at this time, power transmission can be performed;

[0065] When the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, the power channel switch 30 is turned off and the signal channel switch 40 is turned on. At this time, the logic level signal or the analog signal can be transmitted.

[0066] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The control module 20 may be connected to a voltage source (eg, a voltage source supplied to the VDD pin), and further, the control module 20 may be configured to be powered by a specified voltage source when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold.

[0067] In a specific example, the voltage of the designated voltage source may be higher than or lower than the first voltage threshold. For example, the voltage provided by the designated voltage source may be higher than or lower than the first voltage threshold. If necessary, a charge pump or other device may be used internally to boost the voltage to power the signal path.

[0068] When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, the control module may be powered by a designated voltage source or by the power source inputted via the IN pin. Regardless of the method used, it does not depart from the scope of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] In some solutions, the designated voltage source may be generated by a corresponding power supply module. For example, the power supply module may always supply power to the control module 20 or may supply power to the control module only when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold.

[0070] Furthermore, in the above solution, it can be ensured that when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, the control module can still obtain sufficient voltage to meet the power demand of the control module and / or the driving demand for the power channel switch 30 and the signal channel switch 40.

[0071] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The comparison module 10 includes a first comparison unit 11 for comparing the input voltage with the first voltage threshold. The first comparison unit 11 is connected between the circuit input terminal (ie, IN pin) and the control module 20.

[0072] The comparison module 10 includes a second comparison unit 12 for comparing the input voltage with a second voltage threshold among the specified voltage thresholds. The second comparison unit 12 is connected between the circuit input terminal (ie, the IN pin) and the control module 20 .

[0073] In some implementations, if only power transmission, logic level signal, or analog signal transmission switching needs to be satisfied, then only the first comparison unit may be used without the second comparison unit.

[0074] In some embodiments, the functions of the first comparison unit and the second comparison unit may also be implemented in an algorithmic manner using a data processing unit.

[0075] The first comparison unit and the second comparison unit can achieve the acquisition of the required voltage comparison result, thereby providing an accurate and sufficient basis for further control.

[0076] For a further example, see Figure 3 , the first comparison unit 11 includes a first voltage-dividing resistor R1, a second voltage-dividing resistor R2 and a first comparator Comp1;

[0077] The first voltage-dividing resistor R1 is connected between the first input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 and the circuit input terminal (i.e., the IN pin), the second voltage-dividing resistor R2 is connected between the first input terminal and ground, and the second input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 is connected to the first reference voltage UV Ref corresponding to the first voltage threshold.

[0078] Among them, the first input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 can be a non-inverting input terminal. In this case, the second input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 is an inverting input terminal. The first input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 can also be an inverting input terminal. In this case, the second input terminal of the first comparator Comp1 is a non-inverting input terminal.

[0079] In other examples, the voltage divider resistor may not be used, and the IN pin may be directly connected to the first comparator Comp1.

[0080] For a further example, see Figure 3 , the second comparison unit 12 includes a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4 and a second comparator Comp2;

[0081] The third voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected between the first input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 and the circuit input terminal (i.e., the IN pin), the fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected between the second input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 and ground, and the second input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 is connected to the second reference voltage OVRef corresponding to the second voltage threshold.

[0082] Among them, the first input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 can be a non-inverting input terminal. In this case, the second input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 is an inverting input terminal. The first input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 can also be an inverting input terminal. In this case, the second input terminal of the second comparator Comp2 is a non-inverting input terminal.

[0083] In other examples, the voltage divider resistor may not be used, and the IN pin may be directly connected to the first comparator Comp1 . The first and second voltage divider resistors may also be reused with the third and fourth voltage divider resistors.

[0084] The following will be combined Figure 3 The working process of the specific solution of the embodiment of the present invention is described as follows:

[0085] The IN pin can be regarded as an external common input pin (that is, a single contact or interface pin connected to an electronic product). The OUT1 pin is used to output the positive power supply input on the IN pin that meets the operating voltage range of the back-end system to the chip's subsequent power supply system. The OUT2 pin is used to output the analog or logic signal input on the IN pin to the corresponding subsequent circuit or system.

[0086] If the input voltage on the IN pin (whether it is a positive power supply, an analog signal, or a logic high signal) is still higher than the second reference voltage OV Ref of the second comparator Comp2 after being divided by the third and fourth voltage divider resistors R3 and R4, the control module will quickly turn off the power channel switch SW1 and the signal channel switch SW2 according to the output signal of the second comparator Comp2, thereby protecting the backend.

[0087] If the input voltage at the IN pin is still lower than the second reference voltage OV Ref of the second comparator Comp2 after being divided by the third and fourth voltage-divider resistors R3 and R4, and is still higher than the first reference voltage UV Ref of the first comparator Comp1 after being divided by the first and second voltage-divider resistors R1 and R2, then the IN pin is considered to have received the positive power supply voltage required for normal system operation. The power channel switch SW1 from the IN pin to the OUT1 pin is kept on, while the signal channel switch SW2 from the IN pin to the OUT2 pin is turned off.

[0088] If the input voltage on the IN pin is still lower than the first reference voltage UV of the first comparator Comp1 after being divided by the first voltage-dividing resistor R1 and the second voltage-dividing resistor R2, the control module 20 will quickly turn off the power channel switch SW1 and turn on the signal channel switch SW2 according to the output signal of the first comparator Comp1. This means that the IN pin is shared but the analog or logic level within a reasonable voltage range is transmitted to the back-end circuit system through the OUT2 pin.

[0089] If an electronic product needs to share the IN pin to implement analog or logic level (logic high and logic low) transmission, a suitable operating voltage will be supplied to the VDD pin. Then, even if the input voltage on the IN pin is lower than the undervoltage point of the chip (i.e., the first voltage threshold), the channel from the IN pin to the OUT2 pin of the present invention can continue to operate normally.

[0090] It can be seen that in order to avoid the defects of the existing solutions, the specific solution of the present invention has made the following improvements: 1. An additional voltage source (i.e., the voltage input to the VDD pin) has been added. 2. A signal channel switch SW2 designed to optimize the analog and digital logic passing capabilities has been added from the IN pin to the OUT2 pin, and the SW2 switch can be turned off in both directions. 3. The undervoltage point judgment logic is used to distinguish whether the voltage on the IN pin is the positive power supply required for normal operation of the back end or the analog and logic signals that need to be input and transmitted. In this way, the IN pin can support the transmission of positive power through the OUT1 pin, and can also support the input transmission of analog and logic signals in the voltage range from the ground level (GND) to the undervoltage point (Under Voltage).

[0091] In addition, the UV voltage (i.e., undervoltage point, i.e., first voltage threshold) configuration of the present invention ensures that the analog signal voltage upper limit or the logic high level of the analog or logic signal in normal applications of commonly used electronic products is lower than the set UV voltage.

[0092] It is also important to emphasize that:

[0093] Based on the needs of practical applications, the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention has for the first time constructed a circuit architecture of an overvoltage protection switch with a common input pin for signal and power separated into two. The positive power supply and analog & digital signals can be input into the circuit through the same pin (i.e., IN pin), and then can go to different output pins (i.e., OUT1 pin and OUT2 pin) respectively. In comparison, the current existing ones are at most signal analog switches that are divided into two or power switches that are divided into two. These two types of switches do not distinguish between the input voltage range when switching. It can be seen that before the present invention, there has never been a switch that has power and signal input from the common end and outputs power and signal separately to their respective output pins. The present invention realizes this function through a power channel switch and a signal channel switch.

[0094] In the specific embodiment of the present invention, different voltage ranges on the IN pin are used to logically control the on / off switching of the switch. This is a logical control method pioneered by the present invention and meets practical application requirements. For example, in many electronic products, internal charging chips and other circuits often require an external input power supply voltage greater than 3.6V, while analog or digital logic communication within the electronic product often requires a logic high voltage of 3.3V, 1.8V, or even lower. Thus, the specific embodiment of the present invention cleverly utilizes the voltage range of the IN pin to separate the input positive power supply or signal and switch it to the correct output. For example, power above the undervoltage point and below the overvoltage point (i.e., the second voltage threshold) is output to the OUT1 pin to power the system (while simultaneously disconnecting the IN pin from the OUT2 pin), while signals below the undervoltage point (including logic low signals) are output to the OUT2 pin to communicate with other circuits in the system (while simultaneously disconnecting the IN pin from the OUT1 pin).

[0095] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the present invention, only the power path performance design needs to be optimized from the IN pin to the OUT1 pin, with power drawn from the IN pin to power the chip circuit during operation. While only the signal path performance design needs to be optimized from the IN pin to the OUT2 pin, with power drawn from the VDD pin to power the chip circuit during operation, this not only meets the application requirements of power and signal multiplexing, but also allows the circuit of the present invention to be designed and manufactured with a smaller die area, thus reducing costs.

[0096] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including the channel circuit involved in the first aspect and its optional solutions.

[0097] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific implementation," or "an example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A channel circuit, characterized in that: include: Power channel switch, signal channel switch, control module, and comparison module; The power channel switch is connected between the circuit input terminal and the first circuit output terminal, and the signal channel switch is connected between the circuit input terminal and the second circuit output terminal; The comparison module is connected to the circuit input terminal and is used to: Comparing the input voltage with a specified voltage threshold and feeding back the corresponding comparison result to the control module; the specified voltage threshold includes a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, the second voltage threshold being higher than the first voltage threshold; The control module is used for: When the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, controlling the signal channel switch to be turned on and the power channel switch to be turned off; When the input voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold and lower than the second voltage threshold, controlling the power supply channel to be turned on and controlling the signal channel switch to be turned off; When the input voltage is higher than the second voltage threshold, the power supply channel is controlled to be turned off, and the signal channel switch is controlled to be turned off.

2. The channel circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second voltage threshold is an overvoltage protection voltage threshold, and the first voltage threshold is an undervoltage protection voltage threshold.

3. The channel circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal channel switch is a bidirectional switch.

4. The channel circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The control module is further configured to: supply power from a designated voltage source when the input voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold.

5. The channel circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The comparison module includes a first comparison unit for comparing the input voltage with the first voltage threshold, and the first comparison unit is connected between the circuit input terminal and the control module.

6. The channel circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first comparison unit includes a first voltage-dividing resistor, a second voltage-dividing resistor and a first comparator; the first voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal of the first comparator and the circuit input terminal, the second voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal and the ground, and the second input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the first reference voltage corresponding to the first voltage threshold.

7. The channel circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The comparison module includes a second comparison unit for comparing the input voltage with a second voltage threshold among the specified voltage thresholds, and the second comparison unit is connected between the circuit input terminal and the control module.

8. The channel circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second comparison unit includes a third voltage-dividing resistor, a fourth voltage-dividing resistor and a second comparator; the third voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first input terminal of the second comparator and the circuit input terminal, the fourth voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the second input terminal of the second comparator and ground, and the second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to a second reference voltage corresponding to the second voltage threshold.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The channel circuit comprises the channel circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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