Docking station with hinged charging tray

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a charging device that can securely hold an electronic device in a usable position, fold into a compact shape, and provide power to the electronic device. One example may provide a wireless charger that may include a wireless charging component, a base, and a hinge that connects the wireless charging component to the base. When opened, the wireless charging component can be positioned vertically relative to the base so that the electronic device charged by the wireless charging component can be held in a vertical position for easy viewing. The wireless charging component can be rotated, folded, or otherwise closed into a cavity or channel in the base, which can facilitate transportation. The hinge can be configured to be easy to open for use while providing increased friction to resist closing. This increased friction can help the charger hold the electronic device securely in place while charging.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 082,183, filed September 23, 2020, which is incorporated by reference. Background Art

[0003] Over the past few years, electronic devices have become ubiquitous. We carry them everywhere we go. They can be an integral part of some of our activities, such as checking email, watching videos, or following the news. They can also supplement some of our activities, such as providing email updates or serving as meeting reminders.

[0004] These electronic devices need to be charged periodically. Typically, a cable needs to be plugged into the electronic device, or the electronic device needs to be placed on a charging pad or other surface in order to charge a battery inside the electronic device or otherwise associated with the electronic device.

[0005] It may also be desirable to continue using the electronic device while it is being charged. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide a charger that can hold the electronic device in a usable position while the charger is charging the electronic device's battery. In other words, it may be desirable for the charger to hold the electronic device in an upright position so that the electronic device's screen is visible during charging. This can allow the electronic device to be used for watching videos, checking meeting reminders, and other electronic device interactions while charging.

[0006] This charging can occur in a variety of locations, such as at work, coffee shops, hotel rooms, and other locations. Therefore, it may be desirable to keep these chargers together. To facilitate this, it may be desirable for the chargers to fold up or otherwise close into a compact arrangement.

[0007] However, electronic devices have mass associated with them. It can be unfortunate if the weight of the electronic device causes the charger to inadvertently fold or close while charging the electronic device. Therefore, it may be desirable for the charger to securely hold the electronic device in place while charging.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a charging device that can securely hold an electronic device in a usable position, fold into a compact shape, and provide power to the electronic device. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Thus, embodiments of the present invention may provide a charging device that can securely hold an electronic device in a usable position, fold into a compact shape, and provide power to the electronic device.

[0010] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may provide a wireless charger for wirelessly charging electronic devices. The wireless charger may include a wireless charging assembly, a base, and a hinge connecting the wireless charging assembly to the base. The wireless charging assembly may wirelessly provide power to the electronic device. When the wireless charger is open, the wireless charging assembly may be vertically positioned relative to the base, so that the electronic device being charged by the wireless charging assembly can be held in a vertical position for easy viewing. When the wireless charger is closed, the wireless charging assembly may be rotated, folded, or otherwise enclosed into a cavity or channel in the base. The resulting compact form factor may facilitate transportation. The hinge may be configured to allow the wireless charger to be easily opened for use, but to provide increased friction to resist closing. This increased friction may help the wireless charger securely hold the electronic device in a vertical position while charging.

[0011] These and other embodiments of the present invention may provide a wireless charger comprising a wireless charging assembly having a housing formed by a top cover above a housing. The top cover may include a high-friction or high-static friction surface that can increase the shear force required to remove the electronic device from the charger. The top cover may be at least partially bonded to increase the normal force required to remove the electronic device from the charger. The top cover may be formed by a rigid layer covered by a high-friction layer. For example, the top cover may be formed by a polycarbonate layer covered by a softer silicone layer. The top cover may be formed using a two-shot injection molding process. The housing may be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The housing may be formed by computer numerical control (CNC) machining, metal injection molding, stamping, forging, using a deep drawing process, or other techniques.

[0012] The wireless charging assembly may include a magnet array that magnetically attracts a corresponding magnet array in the electronic device to hold the electronic device in place against the top cover of the wireless charging assembly. The magnet array may include a plurality of arcuate magnetic segments arranged in a circular or partially circular configuration. The magnets may be fixed in position within the wireless charging assembly. This fixed position may be away from the top cover in the housing to prevent accidental erasure of magnetic data, such as data on a credit card or pass. The magnetic field may increase as the electronic device is attached to or about to be attached to the wireless charger. For example, an electromagnet may be used to increase the magnetic field. Additionally or alternatively, the magnet array may be moved toward the top cover of the wireless charging assembly when the electronic device is attached to or about to be attached to the wireless charger. The use of an electromagnet or a moving magnet array may improve the wireless charger's ability to securely hold the electronic device in place during charging while limiting stray magnetic flux when the electronic device is not attached to the wireless charging assembly.

[0013] The wireless charging assembly may also include a coil and control electronics for charging a battery in or associated with the electronic device. The control electronics may receive power, for example, from a connector on the wireless charger via a tethered cable terminating in the wireless charger, or from a battery or other power source in or associated with the wireless charger. The control electronics may use the received power to generate a current in the coil. The control electronics may modulate the current in the coil of the wireless charging assembly to generate a time-varying magnetic field. This time-varying magnetic field may induce a current in a corresponding coil of the electronic device. The current in the corresponding coil may be used to charge a battery in or associated with the electronic device. Similarly, data may be sent from the wireless charger to the electronic device. The control electronics may modulate the current in the coil of the wireless charging assembly to transmit the data. The modulation may be performed in phase, frequency, amplitude, or other parameters, or a combination thereof. The resulting modulated flux may induce a current in the corresponding coil of the electronic device, which the electronic device may read as data.

[0014] Similarly, data can be transferred from an electronic device to a wireless charger. The coils of a wireless charging assembly can receive a time-varying magnetic field generated by a corresponding coil in the electronic device. This time-varying magnetic field can be modulated and used to transmit data from the electronic device to the wireless charger. The modulation can be in phase, frequency, amplitude, or other parameters, or a combination thereof.

[0015] A ferrite shield may be included in the wireless charging assembly. The shield may be located behind and partially surround the coil to guide the time-varying magnetic field and improve coupling with the corresponding coil. Additional ferrite material (ferrite filler) may be formed around the control electronics to further guide the magnetic field and improve shielding. An electronic shield (e-shield) may be placed on the coil, between the coil and the top cover of the wireless charging assembly. The e-shield may be formed from a layer of copper or other conductive material to intercept the electric field between the coil of the wireless charging assembly and the corresponding coil of the electronic device. The e-shield may have a low magnetic permeability to allow the magnetic field between the coil and the corresponding coil to pass. The e-shield may include a circuit breaker to prevent the formation of eddy currents.

[0016] The wireless charging assembly may also include an identification component that the electronic device can use to determine that it is attached to a wireless charger. Once the wireless charger is identified, the electronic device can determine the charging capabilities and other information about the wireless charger. The identification component may be a near-field communication circuit or component, such as a tag, a ring, and one or more capacitors.

[0017] These and other embodiments of the present invention may provide a wireless charger including a base for supporting a wireless charging assembly. The base may include a channel into which the wireless charging assembly can be folded or closed. The base may be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The base may be formed by CNC machining, metal injection molding, stamping, forging, using a deep drawing process, or other techniques. The base may rest on a base, which may be formed from plastic, silicone, or other scratch-resistant material, to protect a desktop or other surface on which the wireless charger may reside.

[0018] These and other embodiments of the present invention may provide a wireless charger including a hinged portion for attaching a wireless charging assembly to a base. The hinged portion may include a rod having a sleeve. The sleeve may include a cylindrical opening at a first end and a cylindrical opening at a second end. The sleeve may also include one or more other openings for routing wires from within a connector, which may be located on the base, to control electronics housed in the wireless charging assembly. The rod may also include a coupling portion having a first end attached to the sleeve and a second end attached to the wireless charging assembly. The hinged portion may include a first support block attached to the base and having a slot, and a second support block attached to the base and having a slot. A first cylindrical shaft may have a first end inserted into the opening at the first end of the sleeve. The second end of the first shaft may be supported by the first support block. A second cylindrical shaft may have a first end inserted into the opening at the second end of the sleeve. The second end of the second shaft may be supported by the second support block. The hinge portion may also include a first clamp and a second clamp, wherein the first clamp has a ring portion around the first axis and a tab attached to the first end of the ring portion, wherein the tab is located in the narrow slot of the first support block, and the second clamp has a ring portion around the second axis and a tab attached to the first end of the ring portion, wherein the tab is located in the narrow slot of the second support block.

[0019] The hinge allows the wireless charging assembly to move between a downward position, in which the wireless charging assembly is positioned within the channel of the base, and an upward position, in which the wireless charging assembly extends outside the base. When the wireless charging assembly moves from the downward position to the upward position, the loop portion of the first clamp can loosen about the first axis, and the loop portion of the second clamp can loosen about the second axis. This can help the wireless charger be easily opened for use. Conversely, when the wireless charging assembly moves from the upward position to the downward position, the loop portion of the first clamp can tighten about the first axis, and the loop portion of the second clamp can tighten about the second axis. This can help the wireless charger remain open during charging and more securely hold the electronic device in an upright position.

[0020] These and other embodiments of the present invention may include other friction mechanisms in the hinge. For example, one or more wrap springs may be used, wherein a first end of the wrap spring may be attached to the support block, while the remainder of the wrap spring may be wrapped around the shaft. When the wireless charging assembly moves from the upward position to the downward position, the wrap spring may tighten around the shaft, thereby providing resistance to the wireless charger closing and enabling the wireless charger to hold the electronic device in an upright position. When the wireless charging assembly moves from the downward position to the upward position, the wrap spring may loosen around the shaft, thereby allowing the wireless charger to open easily.

[0021] These and other embodiments of the present invention may include other friction mechanisms in the hinge. For example, the hinge may include a shaft having a plurality of longitudinal slots. Multiple bearings may be positioned so that each bearing is located in one of the slots in the shaft. Each bearing may be biased, for example, by a spring. When the shaft is rotated in a first direction, the bearing may push against its spring, allowing the shaft to rotate. This may allow the wireless charger to open easily. When the shaft is rotated in a second direction, the bearing may interfere with the inside surface of the sleeve of the shaft, thereby increasing the resistance to rotation. This may provide resistance to the wireless charger closing and may enable the wireless charger to hold the electronic device in a vertical position.

[0022] The hinges may be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The hinges may be formed by CNC machining, metal injection molding, stamping, forging, using a deep drawing process, or other techniques.

[0023] These and other embodiments of the present invention may include features that can help ensure that the wireless charger is properly closed so that the top surface of the wireless charging assembly is properly aligned with the top surface of the base. In one example, a stopper can be attached to the sleeve of the rod in the hinge. Specifically, the wireless charger can be properly closed. The stopper can be welded, spot welded, or laser welded to the sleeve and rests against the surface of the base. In this way, when the wireless charger is closed, the stopper can bottom out against the base, thereby ensuring that the wireless charger is properly closed. In these and other embodiments of the present invention, magnets, steps, and other features can be used to ensure that the wireless charger is properly closed.

[0024] Various embodiments of the present invention may include one or more of these and other features described herein.The nature and advantages of the present invention may be better understood by referring to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the wireless charger;

[0027] Figure 3 is an exploded view of a wireless charging assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4A and Figure 4B shows a hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is an exploded view of a hinge portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 Another hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 7A and Figure 7B Another hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 8 shows a side view of a portion of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 shows an underside view of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 shows a side view of a portion of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 shows an underside view of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 12 shows a connector insert that can be inserted into a receptacle of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 13 shows a hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 14A and Figure 14B Shown Figure 13 Movement of the hinged portion;

[0039] Figure 15 A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 An exploded view of the wireless charger;

[0041] Figure 17 Shown for Figure 15 A hinge portion in a wireless charger;

[0042] Figure 18A and Figure 18B Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 19A and Figure 19B Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 20 Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Figure 21 is an exploded view of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 22 Shown for Figure 21 A hinge portion of a wireless charger;

[0047] Figure 23 Shown Figure 21 Part of the wireless charger;

[0048] Figure 24 A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 25A and Figure 25B Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 26A and Figure 26B shows a telescopic mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 27A and Figure 27B Another telescoping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0052] Figure 28A and Figure 28B A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0053] Figure 29A and Figure 29B Shown Figure 28A and Figure 28B The movement of each part of the wireless charger;

[0054] Figure 30 yes Figure 28A and Figure 28B An exploded view of the wireless charger;

[0055] Figure 31A and Figure 31B A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0056] Figure 32A and Figure 32B Shown Figure 31A and Figure 31B The movement of each part of the wireless charger;

[0057] Figure 33 yes Figure 31A and Figure 31B An exploded view of the wireless charger;

[0058] Figure 34A and Figure 34B A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0059] Figure 35A and Figure 35B Also shown Figure 34A Wireless charger;

[0060] Figure 36 shows a simplified representation of a wireless charging system incorporating a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments;

[0061] Figure 37A FIG. 37B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments, and FIG. 37B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments. Figure 37A Cross-section taken with the magnetic alignment system;

[0062] Figure 38A FIG38B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments, and FIG38B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments. Figure 38A Cross-section taken with the magnetic alignment system;

[0063] Figure 39 shows a simplified top view of a secondary alignment component according to some embodiments;

[0064] Figure 40A FIG40B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments, and FIG40B shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments. Figure 40A An axial cross-sectional view of a portion of the system is shown, and Figure 40C 40E shows an example of an arcuate magnet with a radial magnetic orientation according to some embodiments;

[0065] Figure 41A and Figure 41B Graphs illustrating force profiles for different magnetic alignment systems according to some embodiments;

[0066] Figure 42 shows a simplified top view of a secondary alignment component according to some embodiments;

[0067] Figure 43Ashows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system according to some embodiments, and FIG. 43B and FIG. Figure 43C Shown through Figure 43A Axial cross-sectional views taken from different parts of the system;

[0068] Figure 44A and Figure 44B shows a simplified top view of a secondary alignment component according to various embodiments;

[0069] Figure 45 shows a simplified top view of a secondary alignment component according to some embodiments;

[0070] Figures 46A to 46C shows a moving magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 47A and Figure 47B shows a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 48A and Figure 48B shows a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figures 49 to 51 shows a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 52 shows a normal force between a first magnet in a first electronic device and a second magnet in a second electronic device;

[0075] Figure 53 illustrates shear forces between a first magnet in a first electronic device and a second magnet in a second electronic device;

[0076] Figure 54 shows an exploded view of a wireless charger device incorporating NFC tag circuitry according to some embodiments;

[0077] Figure 55 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a wireless charger device according to some embodiments; and

[0078] Figure 56 A flow chart illustrating a process that may be implemented in a portable electronic device according to some embodiments is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] Figure 1A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The wireless charger 100 may include a wireless charging assembly 200, a base 300, and a hinge 400. The wireless charging assembly 200 may include a top cover 210 and a housing 220. The base 300 may include a channel 320 defining an interior sidewall 310. The wireless charging assembly 200 may be attached to the base 300 via a hinge 400.

[0080] The wireless charging assembly 200 can rotate relative to the base 300 along the hinge 400. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be in an upward position as shown, wherein the wireless charging assembly 200 is positioned outside the base 300. In this configuration, the wireless charger 100 can be open. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be moved to a downward or closed position, or the wireless charging assembly 200 is positioned in the channel 320 of the base 300. In this configuration, the wireless charger 100 can be closed.

[0081] The electronic device (not shown) can be securely held against the top cover 210 by the wireless charger 100. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be tilted or repositioned relative to the base 300 so that the screen (not shown) of the electronic device can be positioned at an appropriate angle for viewing. For example, the wireless charging assembly 200 can be positioned at 90 degrees relative to the base 300. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be positioned at 80 to 90 degrees relative to the base 300. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be positioned at 70 to 85 degrees relative to the base 300. The wireless charging assembly 200 can be positioned at another angle or across a range of angles relative to the base 300.

[0082] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Exploded view of a wireless charger. Wireless charger 100 may include wireless charging assembly 200. Wireless charging assembly 200 may include a top cover 210 and a housing 220. Top cover 210 may have a high friction or high static friction surface to increase the shear force required to remove an electronic device (not shown) from the surface of top cover 210. The surface of top cover 210 may be at least partially adhesive to increase the normal force required to remove the electronic device from the surface of top cover 210.

[0083] The top cover 210 can be formed of a rigid layer covered by a silicone layer. The top cover 210 can be formed using a two-shot injection molding process, in which a first shot molds a disk formed of polycarbonate or other material, and then the disk is covered with a second shot of silicone or other material. The housing 220 can be formed of aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The housing 220 can be formed by metal injection molding, stamping, CNC machining, using a deep drawing process, forging, or other manufacturing techniques. Similar parts of other wireless chargers shown here or otherwise provided by embodiments of the present invention can be formed in the same or similar manner, and they can be formed of the same or similar materials or materials.

[0084] The base 300 may include a channel 320 defining an interior sidewall 310. The base 300 may be positioned on a base 390. The base 390 may include a bottom layer 330, which may be made of a wear-resistant or scratch-resistant material, such as silicone, to protect a tabletop or other surface on which the wireless charger 100 may reside. The base 390 may also have anti-slip properties to prevent the wireless charger 100 from sliding during use. The base 390 may include a second layer 340 formed of a more rigid material to secure the bottom layer 330 to the base 300. The second layer 340 may include tabs 350 that fit into slots (not shown) on the bottom side of the base 300. Tabs 352 on the second layer 340 may support the hinge 400.

[0085] The base 300 and the second layer 340 can be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The base 300 and the second layer 340 can be formed by CNC machining, metal injection molding, stamping, forging, using a deep drawing process, or other techniques. The second layer 340 can be formed from plastic, polycarbonate, or other materials. Similar portions of other wireless chargers shown herein or otherwise provided by embodiments of the present invention can be formed in the same or similar manner and can be formed from the same or similar materials or materials.

[0086] Hinge 400 may include a support block 410 and a rod 420. Rod 420 may terminate at a first end 422. First end 422 of rod 420 may be attached to wireless charging assembly 200. Support block 410 may be attached to the underside of base 300 using fasteners 412. Cover 402 may be used to protect hinge 400.

[0087] The hinge 400 and other hinge portions shown herein or otherwise provided by embodiments of the present invention may be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, or other materials. The hinge 400 and other hinge portions may be formed by CNC machining, metal injection molding, stamping, forging, using a deep drawing process, or other techniques. Similar portions of other wireless chargers shown herein or otherwise provided by embodiments of the present invention may be formed in the same or similar manner, and may be formed from the same or similar materials or materials.

[0088] Cable 600 can terminate in a connector insert 610, which can be inserted into connector receptacle 510 of base 300. Connector receptacle 510 can be attached to wires 500. Wires 500 can traverse base 300 and attach to components in wireless charging assembly 200. The following figure shows an example of components that can be used in wireless charging assembly 200.

[0089] Figure 3is an exploded view of a wireless charging assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless charging assembly 200 may include a top cover 210 and a housing 220. In some cases, it may be desirable for the wireless charger 100 to simply hold an electronic device (not shown) securely in place. This may be the case, for example, if a wired charging port on an electronic device is to be used instead of wireless charging of the wireless charger 100. Such a device, which may be referred to as a stand and / or wireless charger, may include a magnet array 260. The magnet array 260 may include a plurality of arcuate magnets 261, an example of which is shown below. Figure 36 The magnet array 260 may be supported by a shield 262. The shield 262 may act as a backing plate to guide the magnetic field lines of the arcuate magnets 261. One or more shims 264 may be used to improve the alignment of the arcuate magnets 261 and the magnet array 260.

[0090] In other cases, it may be desirable for the wireless charger 100 to provide charging for an electronic device while holding the electronic device in place. Accordingly, the wireless charging assembly 200 may further include a coil 230 and a plate 270. The plate 270 may include contacts 273 that may be connected to leads 232 on the coil 230. The coil 230 may be driven by a current generated by a control circuit 272 on the plate 270. That is, the control circuit 272 may receive power and generate a modulated current in the coil 230. The modulated current in the coil 230 may generate a magnetic field that may be guided by the shield 240. The shield 240 may improve coupling of the magnetic field with a corresponding coil (not shown) in the electronic device. The coupled magnetic field may be a time-varying magnetic field that may generate a current in the corresponding coil that may be used to charge a battery in or associated with the electronic device.

[0091] The control circuit 272 can modulate the current provided to the coil 230 to transmit data from the wireless charger 100. The modulation can be performed in phase, amplitude, frequency, or other combination of parameters. The data can be generated by the wireless charger 100 itself, or it can be transmitted through the cable 600 (e.g., Figure 2 Data can similarly be provided from the electronic device to the wireless charger 100. The control circuit 272 may also include circuitry for reading data coupled to the coil 230 by the electronic device. This received data can be used by the wireless charger 100 itself, or it can be provided to an external device via the cable 600.

[0092] In other cases, it may be desirable for an electronic device to be able to determine that it is attached to a wireless charger 100. Therefore, the wireless charging assembly 200 may also include a near field circuit (NFC) coil 250. The NFC coil 250 may include one or more components 252, such as a radio frequency (RF) tag, a capacitor, or other circuits or components. The electronic device may provide a magnetic field modulated by the NFC coil 250. This modulation may be used by the electronic device to identify the wireless charger 100. The type of wireless charger 100 may inform the electronic device about the power level and other capabilities of the wireless charger 100.

[0093] An additional ferrite shield 245 may be placed around the board 270 to further improve shielding of the coil 230. The ferrite shield 245 may also shield the control circuitry 272 on the board 270.

[0094] The wireless charging assembly 200 may include some of all of these components. The wireless charging assembly 200 may include additional components. For example, an electronic shield (not shown) may be placed over the coil 230, between the coil 230 and the top cover 210 of the wireless charging assembly 200. The electronic shield may be formed from a layer of copper or other conductive material to intercept the electric field between the coil 230 of the wireless charging assembly 200 and the corresponding coil of the electronic device. The electronic shield may have a low magnetic permeability to allow the magnetic field between the coil 230 and the corresponding coil to pass. The electronic shield may include a circuit breaker to prevent the formation of eddy currents.

[0095] The attachment portion 222 may be welded, spot welded, or laser welded to the housing 220 and the first end 422 of the rod 420 (e.g., Figure 2 ), to secure the wireless charging assembly 200 to the hinge 400. The following figure shows more details of the hinge 400.

[0096] Figure 4A and Figure 4B 4. The hinge portion 400 may allow the wireless charging assembly 200 (e.g. Figure 2 ) moves between an upward position and a downward position, in which the wireless charging assembly 200 is outside the base 300 (as shown in FIG. Figure 2), in the downward position, the wireless charging assembly 200 is housed in the base 300. To more securely hold an electronic device (not shown) in place, it may be desirable for the hinge 400 to provide friction or resistance to the movement of the wireless charging assembly 200 into the downward position. This can prevent the weight of the electronic device from inadvertently closing the wireless charger 100. It may also be desirable to allow a user to easily move the wireless charging assembly 200 into an upward position where it can be paired with an electronic device. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may provide a hinge 400 with an asymmetric friction ratio, wherein the friction generated by moving the wireless charging assembly 200 into the downward position is higher than the friction generated by moving the wireless charging assembly 200 into the upward position.

[0097] The hinge portion 400 may include a support block 410 supporting a rod 420. The support block 410 may be secured to the base 300, such as Figure 2 As shown. The rod 420 may terminate at a first end 422 and may include a sleeve 430. The sleeve 430 may support a shaft 440 (e.g., Figure 5 ). Shaft 440 may support a friction clip, such as friction clip 450.

[0098] Figure 4B FIG4 shows a side view of a friction clamp 450. The friction clamp 450 can be formed from one clamp or from several clamps placed in parallel. For example, 15, 10, 20, or other numbers of clamps can be placed in parallel. The friction clamp 450 can include a ring portion 452 placed around the shaft 440, wherein the ring portion 452 includes an end that terminates in a tab 454. The tab 454 can fit into the slot 414 (e.g., Figure 5 When the wireless charging assembly 200 is moved to the upward position, the shaft 440 can be rotated in a counterclockwise direction as shown. This action can be used to loosen the ring portion 452 from the shaft 440, thereby allowing the wireless charging assembly 200 to easily move to the upward position. When the wireless charging assembly 200 is moved to the downward position, the shaft 440 can be rotated in a clockwise direction as shown. This can be used to tighten the ring portion 452 around the shaft 440, thereby increasing the resistance to the downward movement of the wireless charging assembly 200. The following figure shows more details of the hinge portion 400.

[0099] Figure 5 4 is an exploded view of a hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention. The hinge 400 may include a support block 410. The support block 410 may be attached to the base 300 (e.g., Figure 2 ). The support block 410 may include a slot 414 for receiving a tab 454 on the friction clip 450. The rod 420 may include a U-shaped portion 424 terminating in a first end 422, wherein the first end 422 may be welded or otherwise attached to the wireless charging assembly 200 (e.g., Figure 2). Rod 420 may also include a sleeve 430 having a cylindrical opening 432 at a first end and a cylindrical opening 434 at a second end. A shaft 440 may be inserted into cylindrical openings 432 and 434. Shaft 440 may be secured to sleeve 430 by welding, brazing, or other steps. Washer 470 and end cap 480 may also be inserted onto shaft 440. Wire 500 (as shown) Figure 3 420) can be guided to the wireless charging assembly 200 (as shown) through the sleeve 430 and channel 426 in the rod 420. Figure 2 ). The wires 500 may be protected and hidden from view by the cover 428.

[0100] It may be desirable for the wireless charging assembly 200 to have a top surface that is flush with the top surface of the base 300 when the wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position. That is, it may be desirable for the wireless charging assembly 200 to be properly aligned with the base 300 when the wireless charger 100 is closed. Therefore, a stop 490 may be used. The stop 490 may be welded, spot welded, or laser welded to the sleeve 430. For example, during assembly, the wireless charging assembly 200 may be properly aligned with the base 300. The stop 490 may be positioned so that a surface 492 of the stop 490 is located on the sleeve 430 and a surface 494 of the stop 490 is flush against the inside surface of the base 300. Once positioned in this manner, the stop 490 may be attached to the sleeve 430 by welding, spot welding, laser welding, or other techniques. In this configuration, the stopper 490 can always properly position the wireless charging assembly 200 in the base 300 when the wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position and the wireless charger 100 is closed.

[0101] Figure 6 Another hinged portion according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, a wrap spring 620 may be wrapped around a portion of shaft 440. Wrap spring 460 may include a first end 622 attached to support block 410. As previously described, when wireless charging assembly 200 is moved to the upward position, lever 420 may rotate upward. This may be used to loosen wrap spring 620 from around shaft 440, thereby making it easier to move wireless charging assembly 200 to the upward position. When wireless charging assembly 200 is moved to the downward position, lever 420 may rotate downward, which may be used to tighten wrap spring 620 around shaft 440, thereby increasing resistance to such movement. In various embodiments of the present invention, wrap spring 620 may be wrapped around shaft 440 various times. Wrap spring 620 may taper toward a second end distal from first end 622.

[0102] Figure 7A and Figure 7BAnother hinge portion according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, the shaft 740 may include a plurality of slots 742. Bearings 744 may be placed in the slots 742. The bearings 744 may be spherical, cylindrical, or they may have another shape. The bearings 744 may be biased. For example, they may be biased by a spring 746. The first end of the shaft 740, the bearings 744, and the spring 746 may be inserted into the shield 750, and the second end of the shaft 740 may be inserted into the sleeve 430 and attached to the sleeve, for example by welding, laser or spot welding or other techniques. When the wireless charging assembly 200 is moved to the upward position, the rod 420 may rotate upward and the shaft 740 may rotate counterclockwise, as shown. Figure 7B This rotation can drive the bearing 744 further back into its slot 742 against the spring 746, allowing the wireless charging assembly 200 to move with only limited resistance. When the wireless charging assembly 200 moves to the downward position, the rod 420 can rotate downward and the shaft 740 can rotate clockwise, as shown. Figure 7B This rotation can push the bearing into the inside surface of the shield 750, thereby increasing the resistance to the downward movement of the wireless charging assembly 200.

[0103] Figure 6 7 may include structures such as a stopper 490 for the hinge 400, such as Figure 5 Likewise, when the wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position, the stop 490 can help ensure that the wireless charging assembly 200 is aligned with the base 300. These and other embodiments of the present invention may provide other alignment features to ensure that the wireless charging assembly 200 is properly aligned with the base 300 when the wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position and the wireless charger 100 is closed. The following figure shows an example.

[0104] Figure 8 A side view of a portion of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charger 100 may include wireless charging assembly 200 and base 300. Magnet 201 may be located in wireless charging assembly 200, while magnet 301 may be located in base 300. When wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position, the magnetic fields generated by magnets 201 and 301 may help ensure that wireless charging assembly 200 is properly aligned with base 300. That is, the magnetic attraction between magnets 201 and 301 may help align top surface 204 of wireless charging assembly 200 with top surface 304 of base 300 such that top surface 204 is parallel to top surface 304 when wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position and wireless charger 100 is closed.

[0105] Figure 9A bottom view of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charging assembly 200 can be attached to base 300 via hinge 400 to form wireless charger 100. Wireless charging assembly 200 can include magnets 201 that can be aligned with magnets 301 in base 300. Magnets 301 can be covered by base 390. The polarity of each of magnets 201 and each of magnets 301 can be alternating to enhance the magnetic field. For example, magnet 201 in wireless charging assembly 200 can have an opposite polarity to an adjacent magnet 202 in wireless charging assembly 200. Similarly, magnet 301 in base 300 can have an opposite polarity to an adjacent magnet 302 in base 300. Magnets 201 and 202, as well as other corresponding magnets, can be located away from hinge 400. Magnets can also be omitted to provide space for connector receptacles 510. The cable 600 may include a connector insert 610 that may be inserted into the connector receptacle 510 .

[0106] Figure 10 A portion of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charger 100 may include wireless charging assembly 200 and base 300. Base 300 may include step 305. Step 305 may accommodate magnet 301. Magnet 301 may be attracted to magnet 201 in wireless charging assembly 200, thereby helping to keep wireless charging assembly 200 properly closed when wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position. In other words, the magnetic attraction between magnet 201 and magnet 301 may help align top surface 204 of wireless charging assembly 200 with top surface 304 of base 300, such that top surface 304 is parallel to top surface 304 when wireless charging assembly 200 is in the downward position and wireless charger 100 is closed.

[0107] Figure 11A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charger 100 may include wireless charging assembly 200 and base 300 attached via hinge 400. Magnets 201 and 202 may be located in wireless charging assembly 200, while magnets 301 and 302 may be housed in base 300. The polarity of magnets 201 and 301 may alternate to enhance the magnetic field. For example, magnet 201 in wireless charging assembly 200 may have an opposite polarity to magnet 202 in wireless charging assembly 200. Similarly, magnet 301 in base 300 may have an opposite polarity to magnet 302 in base 300. Magnets 201 and 202, along with other corresponding magnets, may be located away from hinge 400. Magnet 301 may be partially located below magnet 201, thereby helping to conserve space in base 300. This space savings may allow the magnet to be used near connector receptacle 510. The cable 600 may include a connector insert 610 that may be inserted into the connector receptacle 510 .

[0108] Figure 12 A connector insert that can be inserted into a receptacle of a wireless charger is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The connector insert 610 can be formed at the end of the cable 600. The connector insert 610 can include a strain relief 602, a molded portion 630, and a shroud 640. The shroud 640 can house an EMI shield 650. The EMI shield 650 can house a plate 660 that can include contacts (not shown) housed in a shield 690. The connector receptacle 510 can include an EMI plate 570 that can further improve shielding of the connection between the connector insert 610 and the connector receptacle 510. The front plate 580 can be located on the base 300 (e.g., Figure 2 5. At an opening (not shown) for the connector receptacle 510 in the housing 500 (not shown).

[0109] In the above example, hinge 400 can rotate about axis 440. Axis 440 can be located in base 300. Therefore, wireless charging assembly 200 has limited clearance above base 300. However, in some cases, it may be desirable to increase this clearance. Increasing this clearance can allow wireless charging assembly 200 to mate with an electronic device (not shown) when the electronic device is in a portrait orientation. Therefore, it may be desirable to have the hinge rotate about a center other than the base. An example is shown in the following figure.

[0110] Figure 1314. A hinge according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The hinge 1400 can slide in a channel 1430 in the base 1300. The hinge 1400 can include two sliders. Specifically, the hinge 1400 can include a fixed or stationary slider 1410 and a moving slider 1420. The hinge 1400 can be rotated upward until the moving slider 1420 engages the stationary slider 1410. The hinge 1400 can be rotated downward until the moving slider 1420 reaches the end of the channel 1430. In this example, the hinge 1400 rotates about a point outside the base 1300. This can increase the connection between the base 1300 and the wireless charging component 1200 (such as a wireless charging component 1200) attached to the hinge 1400. Figure 14B Increasing the gap may allow an electronic device (not shown) to be attached to the wireless charging assembly 1200 in a portrait mode.

[0111] Figure 14A and Figure 14B Shown Figure 13 The movement of the hinge. Figure 14A , hinge 1400 may include a stationary slider 1410 and a moving slider 1420 housed in base 1300. Hinge 1400 may be attached to wireless charging assembly 1200. In this configuration, wireless charging assembly 1200 may be in a downward position.

[0112] exist Figure 14B 14. In the embodiment of the present invention, hinge 1400 can move through channel 1430 until moving slider 1420 engages stationary slider 1410. This can move wireless charging assembly 1200 upward and away from base 1300. The gap can be sufficient to allow an electronic device (not shown) to be attached to wireless charging assembly 1200 in portrait mode.

[0113] In these and other embodiments of the present invention, wireless chargers with other types of wireless charging components, hinges, and bases can be implemented. These various wireless chargers can have different form factors, different appearances when closed, different appearances when opened, and different functions. The following figure shows an example.

[0114] Figure 15 FIG2 shows a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, wireless charger 1500 may include wireless charging component 1520, base 1530, and hinge 1540. Hinge 1540 may be folded into base 1530 so that wireless charging component 1520 may reside on top of base 1530. This may provide a compact arrangement for transport. The following figure shows more details of the wireless charger. Wireless charging component 1520 may be connected to wireless charging component 200 (e.g., FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0115] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Exploded view of a wireless charger 1500. In this example, wireless charger 1500 may include a wireless charging assembly 1520 having a top housing 1522 and a bottom housing 1524. Top housing 1522 and bottom housing 1524 may form a housing similar to that used for wireless charger 100. Wireless charging assembly 1520 may house a magnet array, coils, ferrites, and other components as shown in other examples herein. Hinge 1540 may connect wireless charging assembly 1520 to base 1530. Cover 1561 may cover the edges of hinge 1540. Base 1530 may include a recess 1532 into which hinge 1540 may be folded to provide a compact arrangement for wireless charger 1500 when in a closed configuration. The following figure shows more details of hinge 1540.

[0116] Figure 17 Shown for Figure 15 The hinge 1540 can be attached to the bottom of the recess 1532 in the base 1530 using a bottom anchor 1534 (e.g., Figure 16 ). The hinge 1540 can be attached to the rear side of the bottom shell 1524 using the top anchor 1526 (as shown). Figure 16 1548 and a housing 1544. The hinge 1540 may include mounts 1541 and 1548 and a housing 1544. The shaft 1543 may attach the mount 1541 to the housing 1544, and the shaft 1545 may attach the mount 1548 to the housing 1544. Specifically, the ribbed portion 1547 of the shaft 1543 and the shaft 1545 may be inserted into the opening 1537 in the bottom anchor 1534 and the opening 1527 in the top anchor 1526 and form an interference fit therewith. The pin 1550 in the housing 1544 may be adapted to fit into the opening 1549 of the mounts 1541 and 1548. The friction clamp 1542 may be placed around the shaft 1543. The tab 1552 may fit into the slot 1551 of the mount 1541. The friction clamp 1542 increases the resistance to the wireless charging assembly 1520 (as shown) relative to the resistance to the movement of the wireless charging assembly 1520 to the upward position. Figure 15 The friction clamp may be the same or similar to the friction clamp 450 (shown in FIG. 4 ). The shaft 1545 may also include a stop 1546 that may limit the movement of the hinge 1540. The cover 1561 (shown in FIG. Figure 16 ) can cover openings 1549 in mounts 1548 and 1541.

[0117] Figure 18A and Figure 18BAnother wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The wireless charger 1800 can be folded into a compact shape, such as Figure 18A As shown. The wireless charger 1800 may include a wireless charging component 1820 supported by a top member 1822. The wireless charging component 1820 may be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (eg, Figure 2 1820) and the same or similar wireless charging assemblies described herein. A hinge 1840 can connect top piece 1822 and base 1830. Top piece 1822, hinge 1840, and base 1830 can be formed from metal plates pressed together with an interference fit. These plates can be covered with a soft good such as fabric, leather, or other natural or manufactured material. Power can be provided to wireless charging assembly 1820 via cable 1860.

[0118] Figure 19A and Figure 19B Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charger 1900 can be folded again into a very compact shape. Wireless charger 1900 can include base 1930 and wireless charging assembly 1920 supported by top member 1922. Top member 1922 and base 1930 can be joined by hinge 1940. Hinge 1940 can be joined to top member 1922 by rod 1942 and to base 1930 by rod 1944. Power can be provided to wireless charging assembly 1920 via cable 1960. Wireless charging assembly 1920 can be connected to wireless charging assembly 200 (such as Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0119] Figure 20 Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, wireless charger 2000 can be formed from stamped and bent stainless steel or other materials. Wireless charger 2000 can include wireless charging component 2020 and base 2030 connected by hinge portion 2040. Wireless charging component 2020 can be connected to wireless charging component 200 (such as Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0120] In these examples, wireless chargers often have a square base and a linear hinge. For various functional and aesthetic reasons, it may also be desirable to have a base with a different shape. For example, a thin, circular base may be desirable. However, implementing a hinge on such a base can be difficult. An example is shown in the figure below.

[0121] Figure 212 is an exploded view of a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless charger 2100 may include a wireless charging component 2120, a base 2130 supported by a base 2138, and a hinge 2140 connecting the base 2130 to the wireless charging component 2120.

[0122] The wireless charging component 2120 can be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (such as Figure 2 ) and the same or similar wireless charging assemblies described herein. In this example, wireless charging assembly 2120 may include an elastomeric ring 2122, a glass or plastic center 2124, a top housing 2125, a magnet array 2126, and a bottom housing 2128. A charging coil, NFC circuitry, and other components may also be included and are not shown for clarity. Base 2130 may be a narrow ring supported by a base 2138 formed of a silicone layer 2139 and a support layer 2137. The following figure shows more details of hinge 2140 and related structures.

[0123] Figure 22 Shown for Figure 21 The hinge portion of the wireless charger can be a hinge portion. The hinge portion 2140 can be a rod formed from nitinol (an alloy of nickel and titanium). Nitinol has the property of being bendable while being able to return to its original shape. This allows the rod 2142 to be attached to the hinge portion 2140 and move relative to the base 2130, even if the hinge portion 2140 is bent to match a portion of the circumference of the base 2130. The hinge portion 2140 can be protected by a silicone pad 2210 and held in place by a compression block 2220 and a support block 2250. The silicone pad 2210 can allow the hinge portion 2140 to rotate with limited wear from the compression block 2220. Fasteners 2230 and fasteners 2240 can hold the compression block 2220 and support block 2250 in place.

[0124] Figure 23 Shown Figure 21 In this example, a portion of the base 2130 may include a groove 2131. The groove 2131 may be used to accommodate a nitinol shaft that serves as a hinge 2140, such as Figure 22 shown.

[0125] Likewise, in some cases, it may be desirable to increase the gap between the wireless charging assembly and the base of the wireless charger. This can allow the wireless charger to hold the electronic device in a portrait position, among other possible benefits. The following figure shows an example.

[0126] Figure 2424 shows a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the wireless charging component 2420 of the wireless charger 2400 can be attached to the base 2430 via a hinge 2440. The hinge 2440 can include a telescopic portion 2442 that can be extended to increase the height of the wireless charging component 2420 relative to the base 2430. The wireless charging component 2420 can be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (such as Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0127] Figure 25A and Figure 25B Another wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wireless charger 2500 may include a base 2530 and a wireless charging assembly 2520. Wireless charging assembly 2520 may be retractable through two positions, as shown at 2520A and 2520B. Wireless charging assembly 2520 may be attached to base 2530 via a hinge 2540. The following figure illustrates an example of how this retractable portion may operate.

[0128] Figure 26A and Figure 26B The wireless charger 2500 may include a wireless charging component 2520. The wireless charging component 2520 may be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (e.g., Figure 2 The wireless charging assembly 2520 can be connected to the wireless charging assembly 2520 along the hinge 2540. Figure 26A Move to the downward position shown Figure 26B The upward position is shown. The telescoping mechanism may include a rack and pinion including a rack 2544 that may be located on the back side of the wireless charging assembly 2520. The telescoping mechanism may also include a pinion including a shaft 2542 and a gear 2546. The shaft 2542 and the gear 2546 may be located on a hinge 2540 that couples the wireless charging assembly 2520 to the base 2530. The rack 2544 and the pinion including the shaft 2542 and the gear 2546 may be formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM) or other processes. When the wireless charging assembly 2520 is moved, the shaft 2542 may rotate, and the gear 2546 may mesh with the gear on the rack 2544.

[0129] Figure 27A and Figure 27B Another telescoping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, the wireless charger 2550 may include an arm 2742 that can be used to position the wireless charging component 2520 to the hinge 2540. The wireless charging component 2520 can be moved from Figure 27A Move the downward position shown to Figure 27BAs this movement occurs, the intersection 2743 of the arm 2742 can travel in the slot 2746. The slot 2746 can maintain alignment between the wireless charging assembly 2520 and the hinge 2540 during its travel. The slot 2744 can allow the arm 2742 to flatten and reverse direction throughout the movement of the wireless charging assembly 2520.

[0130] In these and other embodiments of the present invention, it may be desirable to raise and lower the wireless charging component of the wireless charger relative to the base of the wireless charger. It may also be desirable to be able to tilt the wireless charging component. It may also be desirable to fold the wireless charger into a compact shape for transportation. The following figure shows an example.

[0131] Figure 28A and Figure 28B 28 shows a wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless charger 2800 may include a wireless charging component 2820 and a base 2830. The wireless charging component 2820 and the base 2830 may be joined by a hinge 2840. The wireless charging component 2820 may be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (e.g., Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0132] Figure 29A and Figure 29B Shown Figure 28A and Figure 28B The hinge 2840 can move relative to the base 2830, such as Figure 29A This can change the gap between the wireless charging component 2820 and the base 2830. The wireless charging component 2820 can also be tilted relative to the hinge 2840 as shown. Figure 29B Range of motion shown.

[0133] Figure 30 yes Figure 28A and Figure 28B Exploded view of a wireless charger. Wireless charging assembly 2820 may include a friction pad 2821 attached to the front of a plastic top cover 2822, which may be formed from silicone or other materials. Plastic top cover 2822 may be attached to a support plate 2828 to form a housing for a magnet array 2824, a DC shield 2827, and a coil and ferrite 2826.

[0134] Hinge 2840 can be attached to the back surface of support plate 2828 via attachment ears 2842. Wireless charging assembly 2820 can rotate about hinge 2840 at upper axis 2844. Hinge 2840 can rotate about base 2830 at lower axis 2834, which can be held in place by cover 2832. Friction screw 2845 can be used to adjust the resistance to movement of wireless charging assembly 2820 relative to hinge 2840. Friction screw 2846 can be used to adjust the resistance to movement of hinge 2840 relative to base 2830. The pressure on upper and lower axes 2844 and 2834 can be adjusted by turning friction screws 2845 and 2846, respectively.

[0135] Figure 31A and Figure 31B A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The wireless charger 3100 can be folded into a compact shape, such as Figure 31A As shown. The wireless charger 3100 may include a wireless charging component 3120 and a base 3130 connected by a hinge 3140. The wireless charging component 3120 may be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (eg Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0136] Figure 32A and Figure 32B Shown Figure 31A and Figure 31B The wireless charging assembly 3120 can be tilted relative to the hinge 3140 by Figure 32A The hinge portion 3140 can move relative to the base 3130, as shown in FIG. Figure 32B This can change the gap between the wireless charging component 3120 and the base 3130.

[0137] Figure 33 yes Figure 31A and Figure 31B Exploded view of a wireless charger. The wireless charging assembly 3120 of the wireless charger 3100 may include a friction pad 3122 attached to the front of a plastic top cover 3123, which may be formed from silicone or other materials. The plastic top cover 3123 may be attached to a support plate 3128 to form a housing for the magnet array 3124, DC shield 3127, and coil and ferrite 3126.

[0138] The hinge portion 3140 can be attached to the back surface of the support plate 3128 via an attachment ear 3144. The wireless charging assembly 3120 and the attachment ear 3144 can be tilted relative to the bracket 3145, as shown in FIG. Figure 32AThe bracket 3145 can rotate around the hinge 3140 at the upper axis 3143. The hinge 3140 can rotate around the base 3130 at the lower axis 3142, which can be fixed in the base 3130. This movement can be Figure 32B The base 3130 may rest on a silicone or other pad 3139. A spring 3141 may provide tension to the hinge 3140.

[0139] Figure 34A and Figure 34B A wireless charger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The wireless charger 3400 can be folded into a compact shape, such as Figure 34A As shown. The wireless charger 3400 may include a wireless charging component 3420 and a base 3430 that can be connected together by a hinge 3440. The wireless charging component 3420 can be connected to the wireless charging component 200 (such as Figure 2 ) and other wireless charging components shown in this article are the same or similar.

[0140] Figure 35A and Figure 35B Shown Figure 34A and Figure 34B The wireless charger 3400 may include a wireless charging assembly 3420 and a base 3430 that may be connected together via a hinge 3440 .

[0141] Likewise, the various magnet arrays shown herein can be fixed in position, or they can be moved between a first position and a second position. The following figure shows an example of a fixed magnet array that can be used with these magnet arrays.

[0142] Various embodiments of magnetic alignment systems and components thereof are described herein. The magnetic alignment system may include an annular alignment component comprising a ring of magnets having a particular magnetic orientation or pattern of magnetic orientations such that a "primary" annular alignment component can attract and retain a complementary "secondary" annular alignment component. In some embodiments described below, the primary annular alignment component is assumed to be located in a wireless charging device surrounding an inductive charging coil, while the secondary annular alignment component is assumed to be located in a portable electronic device surrounding a receiver coil that can receive power from the inductive charging coil of the wireless charging device. Many variations are possible; for example, the "primary" annular alignment component can be located in the portable electronic device, while the "secondary" annular alignment component can be located in the wireless charging device. Also described herein are "secondary" annular alignment components that are complementary to the primary and secondary annular alignment components, such that one surface of the secondary annular alignment component is attracted to the primary alignment component, while an opposing surface is attracted to the secondary alignment component. The secondary annular alignment component can be disposed, for example, in a housing of the portable electronic device.

[0143] In some embodiments, the magnetic alignment system may further include a rotational alignment component that facilitates aligning two devices in a preferred rotational orientation. It should be understood that any device having an annular alignment component may or may not have a rotational alignment component.

[0144] In some embodiments, the magnetic alignment system may also include a near field communication (NFC) coil and supporting circuitry to allow devices to identify each other using the NFC protocol. The NFC coil may be located inside the annular alignment component or outside the annular alignment component. It should be understood that the NFC component is optional in providing magnetic alignment.

[0145] Figure 36 A simplified representation of a wireless charging system 3600 incorporating a magnetic alignment system 3606 is shown, in accordance with some embodiments. A portable electronic device 3604 is positioned on a charging surface 3608 of a wireless charging device 3602. Portable electronic device 3604 can be a consumer electronic device (such as a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.), or any other electronic device for which wireless charging is desired. Wireless charging device 3602 can be any device configured to generate a time-varying magnetic flux to induce an electric current in a suitably configured receiving device. For example, wireless charging device 3602 can be any of the wireless chargers, wireless charging mats, pucks, docking stations, etc. described herein. Wireless charging device 3602 can include or access a power source, such as battery power or standard AC power.

[0146] To achieve wireless power transfer, portable electronic device 3604 and wireless charging device 3602 may include induction coils 3610 and 3612, respectively, that are operable to transfer power between them. For example, induction coil 3612 may be a transmitter coil that generates a time-varying magnetic flux 3614, and induction coil 3610 may be a receiver coil that induces a current therein in response to the time-varying magnetic flux 3614. The received current may be used to charge a battery of portable electronic device 3604, to provide operating power to components of portable electronic device 3604, and / or for other purposes as desired. (As used herein, "wireless power transfer" and "inductive power transfer" generally refer to the process of generating a time-varying magnetic field in a conductive coil of a first device to induce a current in a conductive coil of a second device.)

[0147] In order to achieve efficient wireless power transfer, it is desirable to align the induction coils 3612 and 3610. According to some embodiments, the magnetic alignment system 3606 can provide such alignment. Figure 36In the example shown, magnetic alignment system 3606 includes a primary magnetic alignment feature 3616 disposed in or on a surface of wireless charging device 3602 and a secondary magnetic alignment feature 3618 disposed in or on a surface of portable electronic device 3604. Primary alignment feature 3616 and secondary alignment feature 3618 are configured to magnetically attract each other into an aligned position in which inductive coils 3610 and 3612 are aligned with each other to enable wireless power transfer.

[0148] The primary alignment member 3616 can be used as a magnet array 260 (e.g. Figure 2 ) or as any of the other magnet arrays shown herein or otherwise provided by embodiments of the invention.

[0149] According to embodiments described herein, the magnetic alignment components of a magnetic alignment system (including a primary alignment component or a secondary alignment component) can be formed from arcuate magnets arranged in a ring configuration. In some embodiments, each magnet can have its magnetic polarity oriented in a desired direction so that the magnetic attraction between the primary and secondary magnetic alignment components provides the desired alignment. In some embodiments, the arcuate magnets can include a first magnetic region having a magnetic polarity oriented in a first direction and a second magnetic region having a magnetic polarity oriented in a second direction that is different from (e.g., opposite to) the first direction. As will be described, different configurations can provide different degrees of magnetic field leakage.

[0150] Figure 37A shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system 3700 according to some embodiments, and Figure 37B Shown is a magnetic alignment system 3700 across Figure 37A The magnetic alignment system 3700 may be a cross section taken along the indicated cutting plane. Figure 36 3700. In the magnetic alignment system 3700, the alignment components all have magnetic polarity oriented in the same direction (along the axis of the annular configuration). For ease of description, the "axial" direction (also referred to as the "longitudinal" or "z" direction) is defined as being parallel to the axis of rotational symmetry 3701 of the magnetic alignment system 3700, and the transverse plane (also referred to as the "lateral" or "x" or "y" direction) is defined as being perpendicular to the axis 3701. The term "proximal side" is used herein to refer to the side of one alignment component that is oriented toward another alignment component when the magnetic alignment system is aligned, and the term "distal side" is used to refer to the side opposite the proximal side.

[0151] like Figure 37A As shown, the magnetic alignment system 3700 may include a primary alignment component 3716 (which may be Figure 36Specific implementation of the primary alignment component 3616) and the secondary alignment component 3718 (which may be Figure 36 Specific implementations of the secondary alignment member 3618 of FIG. 37 are provided. The primary alignment member 3716 and the secondary alignment member 3718 have an annular shape and may also be referred to as "annular" alignment members. The specific dimensions may be selected as desired. In some embodiments, the primary alignment member 3716 and the secondary alignment member 3718 may each have an outer diameter of approximately 404 mm and a radial width of approximately 6 mm. The outer diameters and radial widths of the primary alignment member 3716 and the secondary alignment member 3718 need not be exactly equal. For example, the radial width of the secondary alignment member 3718 may be slightly smaller than the radial width of the primary alignment member 3716, and / or the outer diameter of the secondary alignment member 3718 may also be slightly smaller than the radial width of the primary alignment member 3716, such that when aligned, the inner and outer sides of the primary alignment member 3716 extend beyond the corresponding inner and outer sides of the secondary alignment member 3718. The thickness (or axial dimension) of the primary alignment member 3716 and the secondary alignment member 3718 may also be selected as desired. In some embodiments, the primary alignment feature 3716 has a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm, while the secondary alignment feature 3718 has a thickness of approximately 0.37 mm.

[0152] The primary alignment member 3716 can include a plurality of sectors, each of which can be formed from one or more primary arcuate magnets 3726, and the secondary alignment member 3718 can include a plurality of sectors, each of which can be formed from one or more secondary arcuate magnets 3728. In the example shown, the number of primary magnets 3726 is equal to the number of secondary magnets 3728, and each sector includes exactly one magnet, but this is not required. The primary magnets 3726 and the secondary magnets 3728 can have an arcuate (or curved) shape in a transverse plane such that when the primary magnets 3726 (or secondary magnets 3728) are positioned end-to-end adjacent to each other, the primary magnets 3726 (or secondary magnets 3728) form an annular structure as shown. In some embodiments, the primary magnets 3726 can contact each other at a joint 3730, and the secondary magnets 3728 can contact each other at a joint 3732. Alternatively, a small gap or spacing may separate adjacent primary magnets 3726 or secondary magnets 3728, thereby providing a greater degree of tolerance during manufacturing.

[0153] In some embodiments, the primary alignment member 3716 can also include an annular shield 3714 disposed on the distal surface of the primary magnet 3726. In some embodiments, the shield 3714 can be formed as a single annular piece of material and adhered to the primary magnet 3726 to secure the primary magnet 3726 in place. The shield 3714 can be formed from a material having a high magnetic permeability, such as stainless steel, and can redirect magnetic fields to prevent them from propagating beyond the distal side of the primary alignment member 3716, thereby protecting sensitive electronic components located beyond the distal side of the primary alignment member 3716 from magnetic interference.

[0154] The primary magnet 3726 and the secondary magnet 3728 can be made of a magnetic material such as NdFeB material, other rare earth magnetic materials, or other materials that can be magnetized to produce a persistent magnetic field. Each primary magnet 3726 and each secondary magnet 3728 can have a unitary structure having a single magnetic region with magnetic polarity aligned in the axial direction, such as Figure 37B 3717. For example, each primary magnet 3726 and each secondary magnet 3728 can be a bar magnet that has been ground and formed into an arcuate structure with an axial magnetic orientation. (It will be apparent that the term "magnetic orientation" refers to the orientation direction of the magnetic polarity of the magnet.) In the example shown, the primary magnet 3726 has a north pole oriented toward the proximal surface and a south pole oriented toward the distal surface, while the secondary magnet 3728 has a south pole oriented toward the proximal surface and a north pole oriented toward the distal surface. In other embodiments, the magnetic orientation can be reversed so that the south pole of the primary magnet 3726 is oriented toward the proximal surface and the north pole is oriented toward the distal surface, while the north pole of the secondary magnet 3728 is oriented toward the proximal surface and the south pole is oriented toward the distal surface.

[0155] like Figure 37B As shown, the axial magnetic orientation of the primary magnet 3726 and the secondary magnet 3728 can generate a magnetic field 3740 that generates an attractive force between the primary magnet 3726 and the secondary magnet 3728, thereby facilitating alignment between corresponding electronic devices in which the primary alignment component 3716 and the secondary alignment component 3718 are disposed (e.g., as shown in FIG. Figure 36). Although the shield 3714 can redirect some of the magnetic field 3740 away from the area below the primary magnet 3726, the magnetic field 3740 can still propagate to areas laterally adjacent to the primary magnet 3726 and the secondary magnet 3728. In some embodiments, the lateral propagation of the magnetic field 3740 can cause the magnetic field to leak into other magnetically sensitive components. For example, if an induction coil with a ferromagnetic shield is placed in the interior area of the annular primary alignment component 3716 (or the secondary alignment component 3718), the leakage of the magnetic field 3740 may saturate the ferromagnetic shield, which may degrade wireless charging performance.

[0156] It should be understood that the magnetic alignment system 3700 is illustrative and that variations and modifications are possible. For example, while the primary alignment member 3716 and the secondary alignment member 3718 are each shown as being comprised of eight arcuate magnets, other embodiments may use a different number of magnets, such as sixteen magnets, thirty-six magnets, or any other number of magnets, and the number of primary magnets need not equal the number of secondary magnets. In other embodiments, the primary alignment member 3716 and / or the secondary alignment member 3718 may each be formed from a single, unitary ring magnet; however, segmenting the magnetic alignment members 3716 and 3718 into arcuate magnets may improve manufacturing because the smaller arcuate segments are less fragile than a single, unitary ring magnet and less susceptible to wear due to physical stresses applied to the magnetic material during manufacturing.

[0157] As mentioned above Figure 37B As described above, magnetic alignment systems with a single axial magnetic orientation may produce lateral leakage of the magnetic field, which can adversely affect the performance of other components of the electronic device. Therefore, some embodiments provide magnetic alignment systems with reduced magnetic field leakage. An example will now be described.

[0158] Figure 38A shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system 3800 according to some embodiments, and Figure 38B Shown is a magnetic alignment system 3800 across Figure 38A The magnetic alignment system 3800 may be a cross section taken along the indicated cutting plane. Figure 36 Specific implementation of magnetic alignment system 3606. In magnetic alignment system 3800, the alignment components have magnetic components configured in a "closed loop" configuration as described below.

[0159] like Figure 38A As shown, the magnetic alignment system 3800 may include a primary alignment component 3816 (which may be Figure 36 Specific implementation of the primary alignment component 3616) and the secondary alignment component 3818 (which may be Figure 36Specific implementations of the secondary alignment member 3618 of FIG. 38 are provided. The primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 have an annular shape and may also be referred to as "annular" alignment members. The specific dimensions may be selected as desired. In some embodiments, the primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 may each have an outer diameter of approximately 404 mm and a radial width of approximately 6 mm. The outer diameters and radial widths of the primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 need not be exactly equal. For example, the radial width of the secondary alignment member 3818 may be slightly smaller than the radial width of the primary alignment member 3816, and / or the outer diameter of the secondary alignment member 3818 may also be slightly smaller than the radial width of the primary alignment member 3816, such that, when aligned, the inner and outer sides of the primary alignment member 3816 extend beyond the corresponding inner and outer sides of the secondary alignment member 3818. The thickness (or axial dimension) of the primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 may also be selected as desired. In some embodiments, the primary alignment feature 3816 has a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm, while the secondary alignment feature 3818 has a thickness of approximately 0.37 mm.

[0160] The primary alignment member 3816 may include a plurality of sectors, each of which may be formed from a plurality of primary magnets 3826, and the secondary alignment member 3818 may include a plurality of sectors, each of which may be formed from a plurality of secondary magnets 3828. In the example shown, the number of primary magnets 3826 is equal to the number of secondary magnets 3828, and each sector includes exactly one magnet, but this is not required; for example, as described below, a sector may include multiple magnets. The primary magnets 3826 and the secondary magnets 3828 may have an arcuate (or curved) shape in a transverse plane such that when the primary magnets 3826 (or secondary magnets 3828) are positioned end-to-end adjacent to each other, the primary magnets 3826 (or secondary magnets 3828) form an annular structure as shown. In some embodiments, the primary magnets 3826 may contact each other at a joint 3830, and the secondary magnets 3828 may contact each other at a joint 3832. Alternatively, a small gap or spacing may separate adjacent primary magnets 3826 or secondary magnets 3828, thereby providing a greater degree of tolerance during manufacturing.

[0161] In some embodiments, the primary alignment member 3816 can also include an annular shield 3814 disposed on the distal surface of the primary magnet 3826. In some embodiments, the shield 3814 can be formed as a single annular piece of material and adhered to the primary magnet 3826 to secure the primary magnet 3826 in place. The shield 3814 can be formed from a material having a high magnetic permeability, such as stainless steel, and can redirect magnetic fields to prevent them from propagating beyond the distal side of the primary alignment member 3816, thereby protecting sensitive electronic components located beyond the distal side of the primary alignment member 3816 from magnetic interference.

[0162] The primary magnet 3826 and the secondary magnet 3828 can be made of a magnetic material such as NdFeB material, other rare earth magnetic materials, or other materials that can be magnetized to produce a persistent magnetic field. Each secondary magnet 3828 can have a single magnetic region with a magnetic polarity (e.g., Figure 38B 3801 ) with a magnetic polarity indicator 3817 in the transverse plane having a component in the radial direction. As described below, the magnetic orientation may be in the radial direction relative to the axis 3801 or in another direction having a radial component in the transverse plane. Each primary magnet 3826 may include two magnetic regions having opposite magnetic orientations. For example, each primary magnet 3826 may include: a magnetic region having a magnetic orientation in a first axial direction (e.g., Figure 38B 38B ), an inner arcuate magnetic region 3852 having a magnetic orientation in a second axial direction opposite to the first direction (as indicated by polarity indicator 3855 in FIG. 38B ), and a central non-magnetized region 3856 having no magnetic orientation. The central non-magnetized region 3856 can magnetically separate the inner arcuate regions 3852 from the outer arcuate regions 3854 by inhibiting the magnetic field from passing directly through the central region 3856. A magnet having regions of opposite magnetic orientation separated by a non-magnetized region is sometimes referred to herein as having a "quadrupole" configuration.

[0163] In some embodiments, each secondary magnet 3828 can be made of a magnetic material that has been ground and formed into an arcuate structure, and a magnetizer can be used, for example, to produce a magnetic orientation having a radial component in a transverse plane. Similarly, each primary magnet 3826 can be made of a single piece of magnetic material that has been ground and formed into an arcuate structure, and a magnetizer can be applied to the arcuate structure to induce an axial magnetic orientation in one direction within the inner arcuate region of the structure and an axial magnetic orientation in the opposite direction within the outer arcuate region of the structure, while demagnetizing the central region or avoiding the creation of a magnetic orientation in the central region. In some alternative embodiments, each primary magnet 3826 can be a composite structure having two arcuate pieces of magnetic material that provide an inner arcuate magnetic region 3852 and an outer arcuate magnetic region 3854; in such embodiments, the central non-magnetized region 3856 can be formed from an arcuate piece of non-magnetic material, or as an air gap defined by the sidewalls of the inner arcuate magnetic region 3852 and the outer arcuate magnetic region 3854.

[0164] like Figure 38B As shown, the magnetic polarity of the secondary magnet 3828 (indicated by indicator 3817) can be oriented such that when the primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 are aligned, the south pole of the secondary magnet 3828 is oriented toward the north pole (indicated by indicator 3853) of the inner arcuate magnetic region 3852, while the north pole of the secondary magnet 3828 is oriented toward the south pole (indicated by indicator 3855) of the outer arcuate magnetic region 3854. Thus, the respective magnetic orientations of the inner arcuate magnetic region 3852, the secondary magnet 3828, and the outer arcuate magnetic region 3856 can generate a magnetic field 3840 that produces an attractive force between the primary magnet 3826 and the secondary magnet 3828, thereby facilitating alignment between respective electronic devices in which the primary alignment member 3816 and the secondary alignment member 3818 are disposed (e.g., as shown in FIG. Figure 36 ). Shield 3814 can redirect some of the magnetic field 3840 away from the area below primary magnet 3826. Additionally, the "closed loop" magnetic field 3840 formed around central nonmagnetic region 3856 can have tight and compact field lines that do not stray from primary magnet 3826 and secondary magnet 3828 until magnetic field 3740 is removed from the primary magnet 3826 and secondary magnet 3828. Figure 37B3840 in the primary alignment member 3816. Thus, magnetically sensitive components can be placed relatively close to the primary alignment member 3816 with reduced concerns about stray magnetic fields. Thus, compared to magnetic alignment system 3700, magnetic alignment system 3800 can help reduce the overall size of the device in which the primary alignment member 3816 is positioned, and can also help reduce noise generated by the magnetic field 3840 in adjacent components or devices, such as a power receiving device in which the secondary alignment member 3818 is positioned.

[0165] It should be understood that magnetic alignment system 3800 is illustrative and that variations and modifications are possible. For example, while primary alignment component 3816 and secondary alignment component 3818 are each shown as being comprised of eight arcuate magnets, other embodiments may utilize a different number of magnets, such as sixteen magnets, thirty-six magnets, or any other number of magnets, and the number of primary magnets need not equal the number of secondary magnets. In other embodiments, secondary alignment component 3818 may be formed from a single, unitary ring magnet. Similarly, primary alignment component 3816 may be formed from a single, unitary ring magnet of magnetic material having an appropriate magnetization pattern as described above, or primary alignment component 3816 may be formed from a unitary inner ring magnet and a unitary outer ring magnet, with an annular air gap or region of non-magnetic material disposed between the inner and outer ring magnets. In some embodiments, a configuration utilizing multiple arcuate magnets may improve manufacturing because smaller arcuate magnets are less brittle than single, unitary ring magnets and less susceptible to wear due to physical stresses applied to the magnetic material during manufacturing. It should also be understood that the magnetic orientations of the various magnetic alignment components or individual magnets need not be precisely aligned with the lateral and axial directions.The magnetic orientations may have any angle that provides a closed loop path for the magnetic field through the primary and secondary alignment components.

[0166] As described above, in embodiments of a magnetic alignment system having closed-loop magnetic orientation, such as magnetic alignment system 3800, secondary alignment component 3818 can have a magnetic orientation in a transverse plane. For example, in some embodiments, secondary alignment component 3818 can have a magnetic polarity in a radial orientation. Figure 39 A simplified top view of a secondary alignment component 3918 is shown having secondary magnets 3928a-h having a radial magnetic orientation as indicated by magnetic polarity indicators 3917a-h, according to some embodiments. In this example, each secondary magnet 3928a-h has a north magnetic pole oriented radially outward and a south magnetic pole oriented radially inward; however, this orientation can be reversed, and each secondary magnet 3928a-h can have its north magnetic pole oriented radially inward and its south magnetic pole oriented radially outward.

[0167] Figure 40A 1 shows a perspective view of a magnetic alignment system 4000 according to some embodiments. The magnetic alignment system 4000 (which may be a specific implementation of the magnetic alignment system 3900) includes a magnetic alignment system having a radially outward magnetic orientation (e.g., Figure 39 4016 and a complementary primary alignment component 4016. In this example, the magnetic alignment system 4000 includes a gap 4017 between two of the sectors; however, the gap 4017 is optional and the magnetic alignment system 4000 can be a complete annular structure. Also shown is a component 4002, which can include, for example, an inductive coil assembly or other component located within the central area of the primary magnetic alignment component 4016 or the secondary magnetic alignment component 4018. The magnetic alignment system 4000 can have a configuration similar to that of the magnetic alignment system 3800 (e.g., FIG. Figure 38B 4002.

[0168] Figure 40B An axial cross-sectional view through one of the arcuate sectors 4001 is shown. Arcuate sector 4001 includes a primary magnet 4026 and a secondary magnet 4028. As indicated by orientation indicator 4017, secondary magnet 4028 has a magnetic polarity oriented in a radially outward direction, i.e., with the north magnetic pole facing radially outward of magnetic alignment system 4000. Similar to primary magnet 3826 described above, primary magnet 4026 includes an inner arcuate magnetic region 4052, an outer arcuate magnetic region 4054, and a central non-magnetized region 4056 (which may include, for example, an air gap or a region of non-magnetic or non-magnetized material). Inner arcuate magnetic region 4052 has a magnetic polarity oriented axially, with the north magnetic pole facing secondary magnet 4028 (as indicated by indicator 4053), while outer arcuate magnetic region 4054 has the opposite magnetic orientation, with the south magnetic pole oriented toward secondary magnet 4028 (as indicated by indicator 4055). As mentioned above Figure 38B As stated, Figure 40B The arrangement of magnetic orientations shown results in a magnetic attraction between the primary magnet 4026 and the secondary magnet 4028. In some embodiments, the magnetic polarity can be reversed so that the North pole of the secondary magnet 4028 is oriented radially inward of the magnetic alignment system 4000, the North pole of the outer arcuate region 4054 of the primary magnet 4026 is oriented toward the secondary magnet 4028, and the North pole of the inner arcuate region 4052 is oriented away from the secondary magnet 4028.

[0169] When the primary alignment member 4016 and the secondary alignment member 4018 are aligned, the radially symmetrical arrangement and directional equality of the magnetic polarities of the primary alignment member 4016 and the secondary alignment member 4018 allow the secondary alignment member 4018 to rotate freely in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction (relative to the primary alignment member 4016) in a lateral plane while maintaining alignment along the axis.

[0170] As used herein, a "radial" orientation need not be exactly or completely radial. For example, FIG. 40C shows a secondary arcuate magnet 4038 according to some embodiments. The secondary arcuate magnet 4038 has a completely radial magnetic orientation, as indicated by arrows 4039. Each arrow 4039 points to the center of curvature of the magnet 4038; if the arrows 4039 were extended inward, they would converge at the center of curvature. However, achieving this completely radial magnetization requires that the magnetic domains within the magnet 4038 be oriented obliquely relative to adjacent magnetic domains. For some types of magnetic materials, a completely radial magnetic orientation may be impractical. Therefore, some embodiments use an orientation that is approximately radial. Figure 40C The magnetic orientation of the fully radial orientation is "pseudo-radial". Figure 40D A secondary arcuate magnet 4048 is shown having a pseudo-radial magnetic orientation according to some embodiments. Magnet 4048 has a magnetic orientation perpendicular to a baseline 4051 connecting the inner corners 4052, 4053 of arcuate magnet 4048, as shown by arrow 4049. If arrow 4049 were extended inward, there would be no convergence. As a result, adjacent magnetic domains in magnet 4048 are parallel to each other, which can be easily achieved in magnetic materials such as NdFeB. However, the overall effect in a magnetic alignment system may be similar to Figure 40C The effect of a perfectly radial magnetic orientation is shown. Figure 40E A secondary annular alignment member 4058, comprised of magnets 4048, is shown, according to some embodiments. A magnetic orientation arrow 4049 has been extended to a center point 4061 of the annular alignment member 4058. As shown, the magnetic field direction can be approximately radial, with the degree of approximation depending on the number of magnets 4048 and the inner radius of the annular alignment member 4058. In some embodiments, 138 magnets 4048 can provide a pseudo-radial orientation; in other embodiments, more or fewer magnets can be used. It should be understood that all references herein to magnets having a "radial" magnetic orientation include pseudo-radial magnetic orientations and other magnetic orientations that are approximately, but not exactly, radial.

[0171] In some embodiments, radial magnetic orientation in the secondary alignment member 4018 (e.g., as Figure 40B) provides a distribution of magnetic force between the secondary alignment component 4018 and the primary alignment component 4016 (also around the entire circumference of the magnetic alignment system). The radial magnetic orientation can also result in greater magnetic permeability, which allows the secondary alignment component 4018 to resist demagnetization and enhances the attractive force in the axial direction and improves shear force in the lateral direction when the two components are aligned.

[0172] Figure 41A and Figure 41B Graphs illustrating force distribution curves for different magnetic alignment systems according to some embodiments. Specifically, Figure 41A A graph 4100 is shown showing the vertical attractive (normal) force in the axial (z) direction for different magnetic alignment systems of similar size and using similar types of magnets. The graph 4100 has a horizontal axis representing displacement from the center of alignment, where 0 represents the aligned position and negative and positive values represent left and right displacements from the aligned position (in arbitrary units); and a graph showing the normal force (F) as a function of displacement. 法向 For the purpose of this specification, F 法向 is defined as the magnetic force between the primary alignment component and the secondary alignment component in the axial direction; F 法向 >0 indicates attraction, while F 法向 <0 indicates a repulsive force. Graph 4100 shows normal force profiles for three different types of magnetic alignment systems. The first type of magnetic alignment system uses a central alignment component, such as a pair of complementary disk-shaped magnets placed along an axis; a representative normal force profile for a "central" magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4101 (dash-dotted line). The second type of magnetic alignment system (e.g., Figure 37A and Figure 37B 40 ) uses an annular alignment component with an axial magnetic orientation; a representative normal force profile for this annular axial magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4103 (dashed line). A third type of magnetic alignment system (e.g., magnetic alignment system 4000 of FIG. 40 ) uses an annular alignment component with a closed-loop magnetic orientation and radial symmetry; a representative normal force profile for this radially symmetric closed-loop magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4105 (solid line).

[0173] Similarly, Figure 41B Graph 4120 shows the lateral (shear) force in the lateral direction for different magnetic alignment systems. Using the same conventions and units as graph 4100, graph 4120 has a horizontal axis representing the displacement from the alignment center and a graph showing the shear force (F) as a function of direction. 剪切 For the purpose of this specification, F 剪切is defined as the magnetic force between the primary alignment component and the secondary alignment component in the lateral direction; F 剪切 >0 indicates the force toward the left along the displacement axis, F 剪切 <0 indicates a force toward the right along the displacement axis. Graph 4120 shows shear force profiles for the same three types of magnetic alignment systems as graph 4100: a representative shear force profile for a central magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4121 (dashed line); a representative shear force profile for an annular axial magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4123 (dashed line); and a representative normal force profile for a radially symmetric closed-loop magnetic alignment system is shown as line 4125 (solid line).

[0174] like Figure 41A As shown, when the primary and secondary alignment components are in the aligned position (0 on the horizontal axis), each type of magnetic alignment system achieves the strongest magnetic attraction force in the axial direction, as shown by the corresponding peaks 4111, 4113, and 4115. Although the strongest attractive normal force is achieved in the aligned position for all systems, the magnitude of the peak depends on the type of magnetic alignment system. Specifically, radially symmetric closed-loop magnetic alignment systems (e.g., magnetic alignment system 4000 of FIG. 40 ) provide a stronger magnetic attraction force when in the aligned position than other types of magnetic alignment systems. This strong attractive normal force can overcome minor misalignments caused by friction and achieve a more accurate and more stable alignment between the primary and secondary alignment components, which in turn can provide a more accurate and more stable alignment between the portable electronic device and the wireless charging device in which the magnetic alignment system is implemented.

[0175] like Figure 41B As shown, the strongest shear force (attraction or repulsion) is achieved when the primary and secondary alignment components are just outside of the aligned position (e.g., -2 and +2 units apart from the aligned position), as shown by corresponding peaks 4131a-b, 4133a-b, and 4135a-b. Similar to the normal force, the magnitude of the peak intensity of the shear force depends on the type of magnetic alignment system. Specifically, radially symmetric closed-loop magnetic alignment systems (e.g., magnetic alignment system 4000 of FIG. 40 ) provide higher magnitudes of shear force when just outside of the aligned position than other types of magnetic alignment systems. This strong shear force can provide tactile feedback to help the user recognize when the two components are aligned. Furthermore, similar to the strong normal force, the strong shear force can overcome minor misalignments caused by friction and can achieve more accurate and more stable alignment between the primary and secondary alignment components, which in turn can provide more accurate and more stable alignment between the portable electronic device and the wireless charging device in which the magnetic alignment system is implemented.

[0176] A radially symmetric closed-loop magnetic alignment system (e.g., magnetic alignment system 4000 of FIG. 40 ) can provide accurate and robust alignment in both the axial and lateral directions. Furthermore, due to the radial symmetry, the alignment system does not have a preferred rotational orientation about an axis in the lateral plane; the shear force distribution is the same regardless of the relative rotational orientation of the aligned electronic devices.

[0177] In some embodiments, a closed-loop magnetic alignment system can be designed to provide one or more preferred rotational orientations. Figure 42 A simplified top view of a secondary alignment component 4218 is shown according to some embodiments. Secondary alignment component 4218 includes sectors 4228a-h having radial magnetic orientations as indicated by magnetic polarity indicators 4217a-h. Each of sectors 4228a-h may include one or more secondary arcuate magnets (not shown). In this example, the secondary magnets in sectors 4228b, 4228d, 4228f, and 4228h each have a north magnetic pole oriented radially outward and a south magnetic pole oriented radially inward, while the secondary magnets in sectors 4228a, 4228c, 4228e, and 4228g each have a north magnetic pole oriented radially inward and a south magnetic pole oriented radially outward. In other words, the magnets in sectors 4228a-h of secondary alignment component 4218 have alternating magnetic orientations. The complementary primary alignment features may have sectors whose magnetic orientations correspondingly alternate.

[0178] For example, Figure 43A 4300 according to some embodiments. The magnetic alignment system 4300 includes a plurality of magnetic alignment elements having alternating radial magnetic orientations (e.g., Figure 42 Magnetic alignment system 4300 is shown in FIG. 4 , and includes a secondary alignment member 4318 and a complementary primary alignment member 4316 (shown). To enhance internal structure, some of the arcuate portions of magnetic alignment system 4300 are not shown; however, it should be understood that magnetic alignment system 4300 can be a fully annular structure. Component 4302 is also shown, which may include, for example, an inductive coil assembly or other components located within the central region of primary annular alignment member 4316 and / or secondary annular alignment member 4318. Magnetic alignment system 4300 can be a closed-loop magnetic alignment system similar to magnetic alignment system 3800 described above, and can include arcuate sectors 4301b, 4301c having alternating magnetic orientations, wherein each arcuate sector 4301b, 4301c includes one or more arcuate magnets in each of primary annular alignment member 4316 and secondary annular alignment member 4318. In some embodiments, the closed-loop configuration of magnetic alignment system 4300 can reduce or prevent magnetic field leakage that could affect component 4302.

[0179] Figure 43BAn axial cross-section through one of the arcuate sectors 4301b is shown, and Figure 43C An axial cross-sectional view taken through one of the arcuate sectors 4301c is shown. Arcuate sector 4301b includes a primary magnet 4326b and a secondary magnet 4328b. As indicated by orientation indicator 4317b, secondary magnet 4328b has a magnetic polarity oriented in a radially outward direction, i.e., with the north magnetic pole facing radially outward of magnetic alignment system 4300. Similar to primary magnet 3826 described above, primary magnet 4326b includes an inner arcuate magnetic region 4352b, an outer arcuate magnetic region 4354b, and a central non-magnetic region 4356b (which may include, for example, an air gap or a region of non-magnetic material). The inner arcuate magnetic region 4352b has an axially oriented magnetic polarity with the north magnetic pole oriented toward the secondary magnet 4328b (as indicated by indicator 4353b), while the outer arcuate magnetic region 4354b has the opposite magnetic orientation with the south magnetic pole oriented toward the secondary magnet 4328b (as indicated by indicator 4355b). Figure 38B As stated, Figure 43B The arrangement of magnetic orientations shown results in a magnetic attraction between the primary magnet 4326b and the secondary magnet 4328b.

[0180] like Figure 43C As shown, arcuate sector 4301c has an "inverted" magnetic orientation relative to arcuate sector 4301b. Arcuate sector 4301c includes a primary magnet 4326c and a secondary magnet 4328c. As shown by orientation indicator 4317c, secondary magnet 4328c has a magnetic polarity oriented in a radially inward direction, i.e., with the north magnetic pole facing radially inward of magnetic alignment system 4300. Similar to primary magnet 3826 described above, primary magnet 4326c includes an inner arcuate magnetic region 4352c, an outer arcuate magnetic region 4354c, and a central non-magnetic region 4356c (which may include, for example, an air gap or a region of non-magnetic material). The inner arcuate magnetic region 4352c has an axially oriented magnetic polarity with the south magnetic pole oriented toward the secondary magnet 4328c (as indicated by indicator 4353c), while the outer arcuate magnetic region 4354c has the opposite magnetic orientation with the north magnetic pole oriented toward the secondary magnet 4328c (as indicated by indicator 4355c). Figure 38B As stated, Figure 43C The arrangement of magnetic orientations shown results in a magnetic attraction between the primary magnet 4326c and the secondary magnet 4328c.

[0181] When the secondary alignment member 4318 is aligned with the primary alignment member 4316 and one of the alignment members 4316, 4318 is rotated relative to the other about a common axis, as shown in FIG. Figure 42 and Figure 43AThe alternating arrangement of magnetic polarity, as shown in FIG43C , can create a "ratcheting" feel. For example, as the secondary alignment member 4318 rotates relative to the primary alignment member 4316, the radially outward magnet 4328b alternately approaches the complementary magnet 4326b of the primary alignment member 4316, thereby generating an attractive magnetic force, or alternately approaches the anti-complementary magnet 4326c of the primary alignment member 4316, thereby generating a repulsive magnetic force. If the primary magnets 4326b, 4326c and the secondary magnets 4328b, 4328c have the same angular size and spacing in any given orientation, each pair of magnets will experience a similar net attractive or repulsive magnetic force, making the alignment stable and robust in the rotational orientation in which the complementary magnet pairs 4326b, 4328b and 4326c, 4328c are in proximity. In other rotational orientations, a torque toward the stable rotational orientation may be experienced.

[0182] exist Figure 42 and Figures 43A to 43C In the example shown, each sector includes one magnet, and the direction of magnetic orientation alternates between each magnet. In some embodiments, a sector may include two or more magnets having the same magnetic orientation direction. For example, Figure 44A A simplified top view of a secondary alignment member 4418 is shown in accordance with some embodiments. Similar to the secondary alignment member 4318 described above, the secondary alignment member 4418 includes secondary magnets 4428b having a radially outward magnetic orientation and secondary magnets 4428c having a radially inward orientation. In this example, the magnets are arranged such that a pair of outwardly oriented magnets 4428b (which form a first sector) are adjacent to a pair of inwardly oriented magnets 4428c (which form a second sector adjacent to the first sector). The pattern of alternating sectors (with two magnets per sector) repeats around the circumference of the secondary alignment member 4418. Similarly, Figure 44B A simplified top view of another secondary alignment member 4418' is shown in accordance with some embodiments. The secondary alignment member 4418' includes secondary magnets 4428b having a radially outward magnetic orientation and secondary magnets 4428c having a radially inward orientation. In this example, the magnets are arranged such that a group of four radially outward magnets 4428b, which form a first sector, is adjacent to a group of four radially inward magnets 4428c, which form a second sector adjacent to the first sector. The pattern of alternating sectors, with four magnets per sector, repeats around the circumference of the secondary alignment member 4418'. Although not shown in FIG. Figure 44A and shown in FIG44B, but according to Figures 43A to 43C It should be apparent that the secondary alignment member 4418 or 4418' is constructed to complement the primary alignment member. Although the number of rotational orientations that provide a stable alignment will vary, Figure 44A and Figure 44B The shear force distribution of the alignment component can be similar to the ratchet distribution described above.

[0183] In other embodiments, various force distributions may be produced by varying the alignment of the different component magnets of the primary alignment member and / or the secondary alignment member. As just one example, Figure 45 A simplified top view of a secondary alignment member 4518 having sectors 4528a-h having position-dependent magnetic orientations as indicated by magnetic polarity indicators 4517a-h is shown in accordance with some embodiments. In this example, the secondary alignment member 4518 can be viewed as being bisected by a bisector 4501, which defines two halves of the secondary alignment member 4518. In the first half 4503, sectors 4528e-h have magnetic polarity oriented radially outward, similar to the examples described above.

[0184] In second half 4505, sectors 4528a-d have magnetic polarities oriented substantially parallel to bisector 4501 rather than radially. Specifically, sectors 4528a and 4528b have magnetic polarities oriented in a first direction parallel to bisector 4501, while sectors 4528c and 4528d have magnetic polarities oriented in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnetic polarities of sectors 4528a and 4528b. The complementary primary alignment member may have an inner annular region having a magnetic north pole oriented toward secondary alignment member 4518, an outer annular region having a magnetic north pole oriented away from secondary alignment member 4518, and a central non-magnetized region to provide a closed-loop magnetic orientation as described above. The asymmetric arrangement of the magnetic orientations in the secondary alignment member 4518 can modify the shear force distribution so that the secondary alignment member 4518 generates less shear force in the direction toward the second half 4505 than in the direction toward the first half 4503. In some embodiments, this asymmetric arrangement can be used when the primary alignment member is installed in a charging cradle and the secondary alignment member is installed in a portable electronic device docked with the charging cradle. Assuming that the secondary annular alignment member 4518 is oriented in the portable electronic device so that the half-ring 4505 is toward the top of the portable electronic device, the asymmetric shear force can facilitate the actions of sliding the portable electronic device downward to dock with the docking station or sliding it upward to remove it from the docking station while still providing an attractive force to pull the portable electronic device into the desired alignment with the docking station.

[0185] It should be understood that the foregoing examples are illustrative and not limiting. If the primary and secondary alignment components of a given magnetic alignment system have complementary magnetic orientations that provide a force toward a desired alignment position, sectors of the primary and / or secondary alignment components can include magnetic elements having magnetic polarity oriented in any desired direction and in any combination. Different combinations of magnetic orientations can produce different shear force distributions, and the selection of magnetic orientations can be made based on the desired shear force distribution.

[0186] In the above embodiments, it is assumed (although not required) that the magnetic alignment components are fixed in position relative to the device housing and do not move in the axial or lateral directions. This provides a fixed magnetic flux. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for one or more of the magnetic alignment components to move in the axial direction. For example, in various embodiments of the present invention, it may be desirable to limit the magnetic flux provided by the magnetic structures. Limiting the magnetic flux can help prevent demagnetization of various debit and payment cards in situations where a user might carry them with an electronic device incorporating one of the magnetic structures. However, in some cases, it may be desirable to increase the magnetic flux to increase the magnetic attraction between the electronic device and the accessory or second electronic device. Additionally, it may be desirable for one or more of the magnetic alignment components to move laterally. For example, the electronic device and the attachment structure or wireless device may be offset from each other in the lateral direction. The ability to move the magnetic alignment components laterally can compensate for this offset and improve coupling between the devices, particularly when the coil moves along with the magnetic alignment component. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention may provide structures in which some or all of the magnets of the magnetic structures can change position or otherwise move. An example of a magnetic structure with a moving magnet is shown in the figure below.

[0187] Figures 46A to 46C Examples of moving magnets according to embodiments of the present invention are shown. In these examples, the first electronic device 4600 can be a wireless charger, such as any of the wireless chargers shown herein, or other device having a magnet 4610 (which can be, for example, any of a ring or other magnetic alignment component, such as the magnet arrays and alignment magnets described above), and the second electronic device (not shown) can be a phone or other electronic device. Figure 46AIn the embodiment of the present invention, a moving magnet 4610 may be housed in a first electronic device 4600. The first electronic device 4600 may include a device housing 4630, a magnet 4610, and a shield 4620. The magnet 4610 may be located in a first position (not shown) adjacent to the non-moving shield 4620. In this position, the magnet 4610 may be separated from the device housing 4630. As a result, the magnetic flux 4612 at the surface of the device housing 4630 may be relatively low, thereby protecting magnetic devices and magnetically stored information, such as information stored on a payment card. When the magnet 4610 in the first electronic device 4600 is attracted to a second magnet (not shown) in the second electronic device, the magnet 4610 may move, for example, away from the shield 4620 to be adjacent to the device housing 4630, as shown. With the magnet 4610 in this position, the magnetic flux 4612 at the surface of the device housing 4630 may be relatively high. This increase in magnetic flux 4612 can help attract the second electronic device to the first electronic device 4600.

[0188] With this configuration, a substantial amount of magnetic attraction can be obtained to separate the magnet 4610 from the shield 4620. Thus, these and other embodiments of the present invention may include a shield that is divided into a shield portion and a return plate portion. For example, in Figure 46B , line 4660 may be used to indicate that shield 4620 is divided into shield 4640 and return plate 4650 .

[0189] exist Figure 46C In the embodiment of the present invention, a moving magnet 4610 can be housed in a first electronic device 4600. The first electronic device 4600 can include a device housing 4630, a magnet 4610, a shield 4640, and a return plate 4650. In the absence of magnetic attraction, the magnet 4610 can be located in a first position (not shown) such that the shield 4640 can be adjacent to the return plate 4650. Similarly, in this configuration, the magnetic flux 4612 at the surface of the device housing 4630 can be relatively low. When the magnet 4610 and the first electronic device 4600 are attracted to a second magnet (not shown) in a second electronic device (not shown), the magnet 4610 can move, for example, away from the return plate 4650 to be adjacent to the device housing 4630, as shown. In this configuration, the shield 4640 can be separated from the return plate 4650, and the magnetic flux 4612 at the surface of the device housing 4630 can be increased. As previously described, this increase in magnetic flux 4612 can help attract the second electronic device to the first electronic device 4600.

[0190] In these and other embodiments of the present invention, various housings and structures can be used to guide the moving magnets. In addition, various surfaces can be used in conjunction with these moving magnets. These surfaces can be rigid. Alternatively, these surfaces can be compliant and flexible to at least a certain extent. The following figure shows an example.

[0191] Figure 47A and Figure 47B , a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, a first electronic device 4700 can be a wireless charger, such as any of the wireless chargers shown herein, or other device having a magnet 4710 (which can be, for example, any of a ring or other magnetic alignment component, such as the magnet array and alignment magnet described above), and a second electronic device 4760 (such as Figure 47B ) can be a telephone or other electronic device. Figure 47A A moving first magnet 4710 is shown in a first electronic device 4700. The first electronic device 4700 may include the first magnet 4710, a protective surface 4712, housings 4720 and 4722, a compliant structure 4724, a shield 4740, and a return plate 4750. In this figure, the first magnet 4710 is not attracted to the second magnet (not shown), and therefore the shield 4740 is magnetically attracted to or attached to the return plate 4750. In this position, the compliant structure 4724 may be stretched or relaxed. The compliant structure 4724 may be formed of an elastomer, silicone open-cell foam, silicone rubber, polyurethane foam, or other foam or other compressible material.

[0192] exist Figure 47B , the second electronic device 4760 has been brought into proximity with the first electronic device 4700. The second magnet 4770 can attract the first magnet 4710, thereby causing the shield 4740 and the return plate 4750 to separate from each other. The housings 4720 and 4722 can compress the compliant structure 4724, thereby allowing the protective surface 4712 of the first electronic device 4700 to move toward or adjacent to the housing 4780 of the second electronic device 4760. The second magnet 4770 can be held in place in the second electronic device 4760 by the housing 4790 or other structure. When the second electronic device 4760 is removed from the first electronic device 4700, the first magnet 4710 and the shield 4740 can be magnetically attracted to the return plate 4750, as shown in FIG. Figure 47A shown.

[0193] Figure 48A and Figure 48B, a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, a first electronic device 4800 can be a wireless charger, such as any of the wireless chargers shown herein, or other device having a magnet 4810 (which can be, for example, any of a ring or other magnetic alignment component, such as the magnet array and alignment magnet described above), and a second electronic device 4860 (such as Figure 48B ) can be a phone or another electronic device. Figure 48A A moving first magnet 4810 is shown in a first electronic device 4800. First electronic device 4800 may include first magnet 4810, pliable surface 4812, housing portions 4820 and 4822, shield 4840, and return plate 4850. In this figure, first magnet 4810 is not attracted to the second magnet, so shield 4840 is magnetically attached or attracted to return plate 4850. In this position, pliable surface 4812 may be relaxed. Pliable surface 4812 may be formed from an elastomer, silicone open-cell foam, silicone rubber, polyurethane foam, other foams, or other compressible materials.

[0194] exist Figure 48B , the second electronic device 4860 has been brought close to the first electronic device 4800. The second magnet 4870 can attract the first magnet 4810, thereby causing the shield 4840 and the return plate 4850 to separate from each other. The first magnet 4810 can stretch the flexible surface 4812 toward the second electronic device 4860, thereby allowing the first magnet 4810 of the first electronic device 4800 to move toward the housing 4880 of the second electronic device 4860. The second magnet 4870 can be held in place in the second electronic device 4860 by the housing 4880 or other structure. When the second electronic device 4860 is removed from the first electronic device 4800, the first magnet 4810 and the shield 4840 can be magnetically attracted to the return plate 4850, as shown in FIG. Figure 48A shown.

[0195] Figures 49 to 51 , a moving magnetic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this example, the first electronic device 4900 can be a wireless charger, such as any of the wireless chargers shown herein, or other device having a magnet 4910 (which can be, for example, any of a ring or other magnetic alignment component, such as the magnet array and alignment magnet described above), and the second electronic device 4890 (such as Figure 50 ) can be a telephone or other electronic device. Figure 49 , the first magnet 4910 and the shield 4940 may be magnetically attracted or attached to the return plate 4950 in the first electronic device 4900. The first electronic device 4900 may be at least partially housed in a device housing 4920. Figure 50, the housing 4980 of the second electronic device 4960 may move laterally across the surface of the device housing 4920 of the first electronic device 4900 in a direction 4985. The second magnet 4970 in the second electronic device 4960 may begin to attract the first magnet 4910 in the first electronic device 4900. This magnetic attraction 4915 may cause the first magnet 4910 and the shield 4940 to be pulled away from the return plate 4950 by overcoming the magnetic attraction 4945 between the shield 4940 and the return plate 4950. Figure 51 , second magnet 4970 in second electronic device 4960 has become aligned with first magnet 4910 in first electronic device 4900. First magnet 4910 and shield 4940 have been pulled away from return plate 4950, thereby reducing magnetic attraction 4945. First magnet 4910 has moved near or adjacent to device housing 4920, thereby increasing magnetic attraction 4915 to second magnet 4970 in second electronic device 4960.

[0196] like Figures 49 to 51 As shown, when the first magnet 4910 and the shield 4940 are pulled away from the return plate 4950, the magnetic attraction between the first magnet 4910 in the first electronic device 4900 and the second magnet 4970 in the second electronic device 4960 can increase. This is shown graphically in the following figure.

[0197] Figure 52 The normal force between a first magnet in a first electronic device and a second magnet in a second electronic device is shown, and the normal force varies with the lateral offset between the first magnet and the second magnet. Figures 49 to 51 As shown, with a large offset between the first magnet 4910 and the second magnet 4970, the first magnet 4910 and the shield 4940 can remain attached to the return plate 4950 in the first electronic device 4900, and the magnetic attraction 4915 can be minimal. The shear force required to overcome this magnetic attraction is shown herein as curve 5210. Figure 50As shown, when the offset, or lateral distance, between first magnet 4910 and second magnet 4970 decreases, first magnet 4910 and shield 4940 may be pulled away from or separated from return plate 4950, thereby increasing magnetic attraction 4915 between first magnet 4910 and second magnet 4970. This is shown herein as discontinuity 5220. As shown in FIG51 , when first magnet 4910 and second magnet 4970 are aligned, magnetic attraction 4915 increases along curve 5230 to a maximum value 5240. The difference between curves 5210 and 5230 illustrates the increased magnetic attraction between a phone or other electronic device (such as second electronic device 4960) and a wireless charger (such as first electronic device 4900) due to the axial movement of first magnet 4910. It should also be noted that in this example, first magnet 4910 does not move in a lateral direction, but in other embodiments of the present invention, the first magnet may be capable of such movement. Where the first magnet 4910 is capable of movement in a lateral direction, the curve 5230 may have a flat peak from zero offset to an offset that can be overcome by a range of possible lateral movements of the first magnet 4910 .

[0198] Figure 53 FIG2 shows a shear force between a first magnet in a first electronic device and a second magnet in a second electronic device, which varies with the lateral offset between the first magnet and the second magnet. In the case where there is no offset between the first magnet 4910 and the second magnet 4970, there is no shear force to move the second magnet 4970 relative to the first magnet 4910, as shown in FIG2. Figure 51 As the offset increases, the shear force (i.e., the force attempting to realign the magnets) may increase along curve 5340. At the discontinuity 5310, the first magnet 4910 and the shield 4940 may return to the return plate 4950 (as shown in FIG. 49 to FIG. 53). Figure 50 5320). As the offset increases, the magnetic shear force may continue to decrease along curve 5330. The difference between curve 5330 and curve 5340 may illustrate the increase in magnetic attraction between a phone or other electronic device (such as second electronic device 4960) and a wireless charger (such as first electronic device 4900) due to the first magnet 4910 being able to move axially. It should also be noted that in this example, the first magnet 4910 does not move in a lateral direction, but in other examples, the first magnet may be able to make such movements. In the case where the first magnet 4910 is able to move in a lateral direction, curve 5330 may remain at zero until the lateral movement of the second magnet 4970 overcomes the series of possible lateral movements of the first magnet 4910.

[0199] For various applications, it may be desirable to enable devices having magnetic alignment features to identify other devices with which they are aligned. In some embodiments where the devices support a wireless charging standard that defines a communication protocol between devices, the devices may use the protocol to communicate. For example, the Qi standard for wireless power transfer defines a communication protocol that enables a power receiving device (i.e., a device having an induction coil for receiving wirelessly transmitted power) to transmit information to a power transmitting device (i.e., a device having an induction coil for generating a time-varying magnetic field to wirelessly transfer power to another device) through a modulation scheme in the induction coil. The Qi communication protocol or similar protocols can be used to transmit information such as device identification or charging status or a request to increase or decrease power transfer from the power receiving device to the power transmitting device.

[0200] In some embodiments, a separate communication subsystem, such as an NFC subsystem, may be provided to enable additional communication between devices. For example, each device having a ring-shaped magnetic alignment component may also have an NFC coil, which may be positioned inside and concentric with the ring-shaped magnetic alignment component. In the event that the device also has an inductive charging coil (which may be a transmitter coil or a receiver coil), the NFC coil may be positioned in the gap between the inductive charging coil and the ring-shaped magnetic alignment component. In some embodiments, the NFC coil may be used to allow a portable electronic device to identify other devices, such as a wireless charging device and / or an auxiliary device, when the respective magnetic alignment components of the devices are aligned. For example, the NFC coil of a power receiving device may be coupled to an NFC reader circuit, while the NFC coil of a power transmitting device or an accessory device may be coupled to an NFC tag circuit. When the devices are in proximity, the NFC reader circuit of the power receiving device may be activated to read the NFC tag of the power transmitting device and / or the accessory device. In this way, the power receiving device can obtain information (e.g., device identification) from the power transmitting device and / or the accessory device.

[0201] In some embodiments, an NFC reader in a portable electronic device can be triggered by detecting a change in a DC (or static) magnetic field generated by a magnetic alignment component of the portable electronic device that corresponds to an expected change when another device having a complementary magnetic alignment component is aligned. When the expected change is detected, the NFC reader can be activated to read an NFC tag in the other device (assuming the other device is present).

[0202] In some embodiments, an NFC tag may be located in a device that includes a wireless charger and a ring-shaped alignment structure. The NFC tag may be positioned and configured so that when the wireless charger device is aligned with a portable device having a complementary ring-shaped alignment structure and an NFC reader, the NFC tag can be read by the NFC reader of the portable electronic device.

[0203] Figure 54 shows an exploded view of a wireless charger device 5402 incorporating an NFC tag according to some embodiments, and Figure 55 54 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a wireless charger device 5402 according to some embodiments. Figure 54 As shown, wireless charger device 5402 may include a housing 5404, which may be made of plastic or metal (e.g., aluminum), and a charging surface 5406, which may be made of silicone, plastic, glass, or other materials that are transparent to AC and DC magnetic fields. Charging surface 5406 may be shaped to fit within a circular opening 5403 at the top of housing 5404.

[0204] A wireless transmitter coil assembly 5411 can be disposed within the housing 5404. The wireless transmitter coil assembly 5411 can include a wireless transmitter coil 5412 for inductive power transfer to another device and an AC magnetic shield and / or an electrical shield 5413 disposed around some or all of the surface of the wireless transmitter coil 5412. Control circuitry 5414 for controlling the wireless transmitter coil 5412 (which can include, for example, a logic board and / or power supply circuitry) can be disposed in the center of and / or below the coil 5412. In some embodiments, the control circuitry 5414 can operate the wireless transmitter coil 5412 according to a wireless charging protocol, such as the Qi protocol or other protocols.

[0205] The primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 may surround the wireless transmitter coil assembly 5411. The primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 may include a plurality of arcuate magnet portions arranged in an annular configuration, as shown. Each arcuate magnet portion may include: an inner arcuate region having a magnetic polarity oriented in a first axial direction, an outer arcuate region having a magnetic polarity oriented in a second axial direction opposite to the first axial direction, and a center arcuate region that is not magnetically polarized. In some embodiments, the diameter and thickness of the primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 are selected so that the arcuate magnet portions of the primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 fit below the lip 5409 at the top surface of the housing 5404, as shown in FIG. Figure 55 5404 . For example, each arcuate magnet segment can be inserted into position below the lip 5409 before or after magnetizing the inner and outer regions. In some embodiments, the primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 can have a gap 5436 between two adjacent arcuate magnet segments. The gap 5436 can align with the opening 5407 in the side surface of the housing 5404 to allow external wires to be connected to the wireless transmitter coil 5412 and / or the control circuit 5414.

[0206] The support ring subassembly 5440 may include an annular frame 5442 extending in the axial direction and a friction pad 5444 at the top edge of the frame 5442. The friction pad 5444 may be made of a material such as silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) (such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)) and may provide support and protection for the charging surface 5406. The frame 5442 may be made of a material such as polycarbonate (PC), glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate (GFPC), or glass fiber reinforced polyamide (GFPA). The frame 5442 may have an NFC coil 5464 disposed thereon. For example, the NFC coil 5464 may be a four-turn or five-turn solenoid coil made of copper wire or other conductive wire wrapped around the frame 5442. In some embodiments, the NFC coil 5464 may be electrically connected to an NFC tag circuit (not shown), which may be disposed on the frame 5442. The relevant design principles of the NFC circuit are well known in the art, and a detailed description is omitted. The frame 5442 can be inserted into the gap area 5417 between the primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 and the wireless transmitter coil assembly 5411. In some embodiments, the gap area 5417 is shielded from the AC electromagnetic field generated in the wireless transmitter coil 5412 by the AC shield 5413, and is also shielded from the DC magnetic field of the primary annular magnetic alignment component 5416 by the closed loop configuration of the arcuate magnet portions.

[0207] Figure 56A flow chart of process 5600 that can be implemented in portable electronic device 5004 according to some embodiments is shown. In some embodiments, process 5600 can be iteratively performed while portable electronic device 5004 is powered on. At block 5602, process 5600 can determine a baseline magnetic field, for example, using magnetometer 5080. At block 5604, process 5600 can continue to monitor the signal from magnetometer 5080 until a change in the magnetic field is detected. At block 5606, process 5600 can determine whether the change in the magnetic field matches the change in magnitude and direction associated with the alignment of complementary magnetic alignment components. If not, the baseline magnetic field can be updated at block 5602. If, at block 5606, the change in the magnetic field matches the change in magnitude and direction associated with the alignment of complementary alignment components, then, at block 5608, process 5600 can activate NFC reader circuitry associated with NFC coil 5060 to read the NFC tag of the aligned device. At block 5610, process 5600 can receive identification information read from the NFC tag. At block 5612, process 5600 may modify the behavior of portable electronic device 5004 based on the identification information, such as to generate a color wash effect as described above. After block 5612, process 5600 may optionally return to block 5602 to provide continuous monitoring of magnetometer 5080. It should be understood that process 5600 is illustrative and that other processes may be performed in addition to or in place of process 5600.

[0208] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0209] For the purpose of illustration and description, the above description of the embodiment of the present invention is presented. It is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is it intended to limit the present invention to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible based on the above teachings. This embodiment is selected and described to fully illustrate the principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that other persons skilled in the art can make full use of the present invention in various embodiments and in the case of various modifications suitable for the specific use envisioned. Therefore, it should be understood that the present invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A wireless charger for an electronic device, the wireless charger comprising: a base having a channel defined by inner sidewalls extending from a top surface of the base to a bottom surface of the base; A wireless charging component, comprising: a housing comprising a shell covered by a top cover, the top cover forming a charging surface; and a magnet array located in the housing; A hinge portion, the hinge portion comprising: a rod having a sleeve with a cylindrical opening at a first end, the rod further comprising an engagement portion having a first end attached to the sleeve and a second end attached to the wireless charging assembly; a first support block attached to the base and having a slot; a first cylindrical shaft having a first end inserted into the opening at the first end of the sleeve and a second end supported by the first support block; and a first clamp having a ring portion surrounding a first cylindrical shaft and a tab attached to a first end of the ring portion, the tab being located in the slot in the first support block, wherein the wireless charging assembly is movable between a downward position in which the wireless charging assembly is disposed within the channel and an upward position in which the wireless charging assembly extends beyond the base, and wherein when the wireless charging assembly moves from the downward position to the upward position, the ring portion of the first clamp loosens around the first cylindrical shaft, and when the wireless charging assembly moves from the upward position to the downward position, the ring portion of the first clamp tightens around the first cylindrical shaft and increases resistance to movement from the upward position to the downward position.

2. The wireless charger of claim 1 , wherein the sleeve further comprises a cylindrical opening at the second end, wherein the hinge further comprises: a second support block attached to the base and having a slot; a second cylindrical shaft having a first end inserted into the opening at the second end of the sleeve and a second end supported by the second support block; as well as A second clamp has a ring portion surrounding the second cylindrical shaft and a tab attached to a first end of the ring portion, the tab being positioned in a slot in the second support block. 3 . The wireless charger of claim 2 , wherein the magnet array is movable within the wireless charging assembly to increase magnetic attraction to a corresponding magnet array in the electronic device.

4. The wireless charger of claim 3, wherein the top cover of the housing for the wireless charging assembly comprises a silicone layer over a polycarbonate layer.

5. The wireless charger of claim 4, wherein the housing for the wireless charging assembly comprises stainless steel. The wireless charger of claim 4 , wherein the housing for the wireless charging assembly comprises aluminum.

7. The wireless charger of claim 2 , wherein the wireless charging assembly further comprises a first closure magnet and the base further comprises a second closure magnet, wherein when the wireless charging assembly is in the downward position, the first closure magnet and the second closure magnet position the wireless charging assembly in the channel in the base.

8. The wireless charger of claim 2 , wherein the wireless charging assembly further comprises a first closure magnet, and the base further comprises a step that houses a second closure magnet, wherein when the wireless charging assembly is in the downward position, the wireless charging assembly rests on the step, and the first closure magnet and the second closure magnet position the wireless charging assembly in the channel in the base.

9. The wireless charger according to claim 2, wherein the wireless charging component further comprises a charging coil, and the wireless charger further comprises: A wire is provided for providing power to the charging coil, wherein the wire is guided through a slot in the rod of the hinge and the sleeve, wherein the hinge further comprises a cap located over the slot in the rod of the hinge.

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