A vibration damping and sound insulation material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vibration damping and sound insulation material, its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of vibration damping materials and their preparation. The vibration damping and sound insulation material provided by the present invention comprises a base material and a film layer attached to the surface of the base material. The base material comprises components such as polyacrylic resin rubber, antioxidant, expanded vermiculite, polyacrylamide, inorganic filler, tackifying resin, flame retardant, etc. The preparation process of the vibration damping and sound insulation material of the present invention includes processes such as mixing, forming and film covering. The vibration damping and sound insulation material provided by the present invention has excellent vibration damping and sound insulation performance, has an extremely high loss factor among similar products, and at the same time has good environmental protection, strength, bending property, low temperature resistance, and flame retardant ability. The construction method is simple and it is suitable for use in the profile gaps of the car body of rail vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration and noise reduction material, its preparation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of sound insulation materials and their preparation. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, the weight of vehicle bodies is getting lighter and the speed of rail vehicles is getting higher, making travel more convenient. At the same time, the mechanical vibration and noise pollution generated by rail vehicles, especially subways and high-speed trains, is becoming more and more serious. Moreover, during the operation of high-speed trains, they often need to travel from cold regions to hot regions, which requires vibration and noise reduction materials to have high performance, low density, a wide temperature range (-40°C to 60°C), flame retardancy, environmental protection, small occupied space, convenient construction and other requirements.

[0003] Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a vibration and noise reduction material with low density, high performance, and adaptability in terms of flame retardancy and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned existing technical problems and provides a vibration and noise reduction material, its preparation method and application.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A vibration and noise reduction material, which includes a base material and a film layer attached to the surface of the base material. The base material includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 - 200 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 70 - 100 parts of polyisobutylene, 20 - 100 parts of polyacrylamide, 50 - 200 parts of antioxidant, 30 - 100 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 50 - 150 parts of expanded vermiculite, 150 - 400 parts of inorganic filler, 70 - 160 parts of tackifying resin, and 100 - 250 parts of flame retardant; the film layer is an aluminized film, an aluminum-plastic film, a non-woven fabric or a hot melt adhesive film.

[0007] Further defined, the polyacrylate rubber and polyacrylamide are thermoplastic resins or reactive resins.

[0008] Further defined, the inorganic filler is one or more of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth, mica, magnetite, basalt, boron nitride, aluminum silicate, flake graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon nanotubes, alumina powder, ceramic microspheres, kaolin, mica, perlite, sepiolite, etc., mixed in any proportion.

[0009] Further defined, the particle size of the inorganic filler is 40 - 2000 mesh.

[0010] Further defined, the cavity diameter of the hollow quartz fiber is 10 - 100 μm, the fiber hollowness is 0 - 0.5, and the short cut length is 5 - 20 mm.

[0011] Further limitation: the tackifying resin is one or more of paraffin oil, polyisobutylene, rosin, petroleum resin, terpene resin, mixed in any proportion.

[0012] Further limitation: the flame retardant is an environment-friendly flame retardant.

[0013] Further limitation: the base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 - 200 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 20 - 100 parts of polyacrylamide, 50 - 200 of antioxidant, 50 - 150 parts of expanded vermiculite, 30 - 100 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 50 - 150 parts of barium sulfate, 50 - 100 parts of polyisobutylene, 50 - 100 parts of mica, 10 - 30 parts of rosin, 10 - 30 parts of petroleum resin, 100 - 250 parts of flame retardant, and 50 - 100 parts of plasticizer.

[0014] Further limitation: the base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 - 200 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 20 - 100 parts of polyacrylamide, 50 - 200 of antioxidant, 50 - 150 parts of expanded vermiculite, 30 - 100 parts of quartz sand, 50 - 100 parts of polyisobutylene, 50 - 100 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 100 - 200 parts of mica, 10 - 30 parts of rosin, 10 - 30 parts of petroleum resin, 100 - 250 parts of flame retardant, and 50 - 100 parts of plasticizer.

[0015] Further limitation: the base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 - 200 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 20 - 100 parts of polyacrylamide, 50 - 200 of antioxidant, 50 - 100 parts of expanded vermiculite, 50 - 100 parts of mica, 50 - 100 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 50 - 100 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 50 - 100 parts of polyisobutylene, 100 - 250 parts of flame retardant, 10 - 30 parts of petroleum resin, 10 - 30 parts of rosin, and 50 - 100 parts of plasticizer.

[0016] A preparation method of a vibration damping and sound insulation material, comprising a mixing step, a forming step, and a film covering step.

[0017] Further limitation: the specific operation process of mixing is: preliminarily mixing all raw materials in a kneader or an internal mixer, and then further mixing in an extruder or an open mill to obtain a premix.

[0018] Further limitation: the specific operation process of mixing is: preliminarily mixing all raw materials in a kneader or an internal mixer, and kneading at 140 °C for 30 min to obtain a premix.

[0019] Further limitation: The specific operation process of mixing is as follows: Polyacrylate rubber, polyacrylamide and petroleum resin are preliminarily mixed in a kneader or a mixer, kneaded at 140°C for 20 min, then the remaining raw materials are added, and kneading is continued at 140°C for 10 min to obtain a premix.

[0020] Further limitation: The specific operation process of forming is as follows: The premix is made into sheets using a two-roll mill or an extruder, then calendered using a calender to obtain sheets with uniform thickness, and cut to obtain regular sheet materials with a thickness of 0.5 - 8 mm.

[0021] Further limitation: The specific operation process of forming is as follows: The premix is made into regular thin sheets with uniform thickness using a flat extrusion press, shaped and spliced through a calender, and cut to obtain regular sheet materials with a thickness of 0.5 - 8 mm.

[0022] Further limitation: The specific operation process of forming is as follows: The premix is extruded side by side using multiple extruders placed side by side, pressed into thin sheets through a calender, spliced into continuous sheets through secondary calendering treatment, shaped and spliced through tertiary calendering treatment, and cut to obtain regular sheet materials with a thickness of 0.5 - 8 mm.

[0023] Further limitation: The specific operation process of film laminating is as follows: A laminating machine is used to apply an aluminized film, an aluminum-plastic film, a non-woven fabric or a hot melt adhesive film on the two surfaces of the sheet material respectively by means of vacuum laminating, thermal laminating or adhesive coating laminating to obtain a vibration and noise insulation material.

[0024] A method for using a vibration and noise insulation material in a rail transit vehicle body is to cut the vibration and noise insulation material into long strips and insert it into the cavity of the rail transit vehicle profile for use.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention:

[0026] (1) The damping and sound insulation material of the present invention is based on polyacrylamide-modified polyacrylate rubber, and the defined ratio is from 1:1 to 8:1. The addition of polyacrylamide is the result of multiple experiments. Among them, small molecules such as melamine that can provide hydrogen bonds have been experimented with, and high polymers such as POE and PE have also been experimented with. Polyacrylamide is a substance with obvious improvement effect. Polyacrylate rubber and polyacrylamide are hot-melt resins or reactive resins, and can form an interpenetrating polymer network structure in a warm or water-soluble state. There is a hydrogen bond bridge between polyacrylamide and polyacrylate rubber, which can enhance the interaction between the two polymers, equivalent to mild cross-linking, forming a three-dimensional mechanical structure network, reducing the creep of the composite material. However, the hydrogen bond is different from cross-linking, and the fracture energy is much lower than that of the cross-linking bond. The hydrogen bond can be continuously broken and formed during the vibration impact of energy. After fracture, the molecular chain will produce relative displacement and friction, effectively consuming the vibration energy. At the same time, due to the formation of a more compact molecular interpenetrating network structure by the hydrogen bond, when the sliding molecular segment moves, it needs to overcome the pulling force of the distal hydrogen bond on the molecular chain, increasing the friction strength between molecules and consuming more vibration energy, so that the loss factor of the damping and sound insulation material obtained by the action of various effective functional fillers and additives is as high as 2.9.

[0027] (2) The glass transition temperature of the polyacrylate rubber used to prepare the substrate is -50°C. Pulling the temperature range of the substrate towards low temperature can maintain good damping performance even in the cold north, and prevent structural damages such as brittle fracture and brittle cracking of the damping and sound insulation material caused by low temperature.

[0028] (3) The polyacrylate rubber used to prepare the substrate is selected as a high-molecular-weight product, so that polyacrylate rubber and polyacrylamide can effectively form molecular entanglement in a solution or molten state. Because the larger the molecular weight, the more other molecules can be entangled, and the more dense the formed interpenetrating polymer network structure is. When the molecules vibrate, they can drive more other molecules and consume more energy.

[0029] (4) Vermiculite and mica themselves have a multi-layered flaky planar structure, providing movable points (irrecoverable deformation) inside the material and generating friction, which is converted into internal energy and consumed. Moreover, they will expand after heating. At high temperatures, they form a network structure with the polymer material. After the temperature drops and is subjected to extrusion force, the polymer network is constricted, making the molecular entanglement network more compact and consuming more energy during vibration.

[0030] (5) The vibration damping and sound insulation material product obtained by the present invention has very high vibration damping and noise reduction performance. Taking the thickness of 1.3 mm as an example, according to the detection method of GB / T 19889.3-2005 "Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of building elements", in the range of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, compared with the aluminum profile without vibration damping material, the weighted sound insulation amount of the aluminum profile pasted with vibration damping material is increased by more than 3 dB, and the percentage of vibration damping and noise reduction effect reaches 65%.

[0031] (6) The vibration damping and sound insulation material obtained by the present invention can be installed in the cavity of the vehicle body aluminum profile, which not only meets the sound insulation requirements but also does not occupy the space in the passenger compartment. In order to facilitate construction, a hot melt film is applied or synthesized on one side of the vibration damping and sound insulation material in contact with the profile. After heating in a high-temperature furnace, the vibration damping and sound insulation material and the aluminum profile are adhered together, which can achieve rapid construction and firm adhesion. Moreover, after pasting, it can be cut and installed together with the base material, without cracking and falling off. It has the characteristics of strong adaptability and wide application range, and can be widely used in many places such as the vehicle body and floor of high-speed rail vehicles and subway vehicles, with good economic value.

[0032] (7) The vibration damping and sound insulation material obtained by the present invention has the advantages of high performance, low density, wide temperature range (-40°C to 60°C), flame retardant (has passed the EN45545 R1-HL2 level), environmental protection (passing the Ministry of Railways standard CRRC J 26-2018 "Prohibited and Restricted Substances for Rail Transit Equipment Products" and TB / T 3139-2021 "Limit of Hazardous Substances in Locomotives and Rolling Stock"). It produces zero pollution during the production and construction process. At the same time, the vibration damping and sound insulation material obtained by the present invention can be recycled and re-produced, with high environmental friendliness.

[0033] (8) The present invention can maintain structural stability within a very wide temperature range, and can ensure that it does not crack, flow, deform, or fall off at temperatures from -50°C to 140°C; at -40°C, in the low-temperature impact resistance experiment (Appendix B of TB / T 3247-2001), there are no phenomena such as falling off, breaking, and cracking after the impact of a falling ball. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration damping and sound insulation material obtained in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a physical diagram of the vibration damping and sound insulation material obtained in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration damping and sound insulation material penetrating into the cavity of the rail transit vehicle body profile;

[0037] Figure 4DMA test curve of the vibration and noise reduction material obtained in Example 3;

[0038] Figure 5 SEM photograph of the vibration and noise reduction material obtained in Example 1 after low-temperature fracture. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] The experimental methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in this field, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels without special instructions.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] The substrate in the vibration and noise reduction material of this example includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 50 parts of expanded vermiculite, 30 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 30 parts of plasticizer, 50 parts of polyisobutylene, 50 parts of barium sulfate, 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 30 parts of petroleum resin, 30 parts of rosin, and 250 parts of flame retardant.

[0043] Its preparation process is as follows:

[0044] (1) After weighing all the above materials, add them to a mixer and mix for 30 min at a temperature of 140 °C;

[0045] (2) Discharge the material, open it on an open mill, take the material off after it wraps around the roll, and shape it on a calender to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm;

[0046] (3) After cutting, laminate it on a vacuum laminator, and apply an aluminum-plastic film with a thickness of 0.05 mm and hot melt adhesive on both sides of the sheet to obtain a vibration and noise reduction material product. The product structure is as shown in Figure 1 shown, and the physical diagram is as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] The substrate in the vibration and noise reduction material of this example includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 50 parts of expanded vermiculite, 30 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 30 parts of plasticizer, 50 parts of polyisobutylene, 100 parts of mica, 50 parts of barium sulfate, 30 parts of rosin, 30 parts of petroleum resin, and 250 parts of flame retardant.

[0049] Its preparation process is as follows:

[0050] (1) Weigh all the above materials and add them to a Banbury mixer. Mix for 30 minutes at a temperature of 140°C.

[0051] (2) Discharge the material, mill it on an open mill, remove the material after it wraps around the roll, and shape it on a calender to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0052] (3) After cutting, laminate it on a vacuum laminating machine, and apply an aluminized plastic film with a thickness of 0.05 mm and hot melt adhesive on both sides of the sheet to obtain a vibration and sound insulation material product. The product structure is as shown in Figure 1 shown, and the physical picture is as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] The base material in the vibration and sound insulation material of this example includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 50 parts of polyacrylamide, 50 parts of expanded vermiculite, 30 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 30 parts of plasticizer, 50 parts of polyisobutene, 100 parts of mica, 50 parts of barium sulfate, 30 parts of rosin, 30 parts of petroleum resin, and 250 parts of flame retardant.

[0055] Its preparation process is as follows:

[0056] (1) Weigh all the above materials and add them to a Banbury mixer. Mix for 30 minutes at a temperature of 140°C.

[0057] (2) Discharge the material, mill it on an open mill, remove the material after it wraps around the roll, and shape it on a calender to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0058] (3) After cutting, laminate it on a vacuum laminating machine, and apply an aluminized plastic film with a thickness of 0.05 mm and hot melt adhesive on both sides of the sheet to obtain a vibration and sound insulation material product. The product structure is as shown in Figure 1 shown, and the physical picture is as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0059] Test the loss factor of the obtained vibration and sound insulation material. The results are as shown in Figure 4 shown.

[0060] Attach the obtained vibration and sound insulation material with a thickness of 1.3 mm to an aluminum profile. According to the detection method of GB / T 19889.3-2005 "Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and building elements - Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of building elements", in the range of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, measure the weighted sound pressure level and sound pressure. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] For the aluminum profile (as a blank sample), according to the test method of GB / T 19889.3-2005 "Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of building elements", within the range of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, the weighted sound pressure level and sound pressure were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0064] Table 2

[0065]

[0066] Comparing Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that within the range of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, the weighted sound insulation of the aluminum profile with damping material is increased by more than 3 dB compared with that of the aluminum profile without damping material, and the percentage of damping and noise reduction effect reaches 65%. The calculation method of the percentage of damping and noise reduction effect is: (sound pressure of aluminum profile - sound pressure of aluminum profile with damping and sound insulation material) / sound pressure of aluminum profile × 100%.

[0067] Example 4:

[0068] The usage method of the damping and sound insulation material of the present invention is as Figure 3 shown. In order to save the space size in the passenger compartment of the vehicle body, the damping and sound insulation material is cut into strips and inserted into the cavity of the profile for use. In order to facilitate construction, a layer of hot melt adhesive is applied or synthesized on the side of the damping and sound insulation material in contact with the profile, and after heating in a high-temperature furnace, the damping and sound insulation material and the aluminum profile are adhered together, which can achieve rapid construction and firm adhesion.

[0069] The difference between Example 1 and Example 2 lies in the different types of fillers. In Example 2, sheet fillers are used, and the loss factor is 20% higher than that in Example 1.

[0070] The difference between Example 2 and Example 3 lies in the addition of polyacrylamide resin. In Example 3, polyacrylamide is added, and the loss factor is 90% higher than that in Example 2.

[0071] The loss factor of the damping and sound insulation material obtained by comparing Example 3 was tested, and the results are as Figure 5 shown.

[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. In view of the fact that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make appropriate changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration damping and sound insulation material, characterized in that, The vibration and noise insulation material comprises a base material and a film layer attached to the surface of the base material. The base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of polyacrylate rubber, 70-100 parts of polyisobutylene, 20-100 parts of polyacrylamide, 50-200 parts of antioxidant, 30-100 parts of hollow quartz fiber, 50-150 parts of expanded vermiculite, 150-400 parts of inorganic filler, 70-160 parts of tackifying resin, and 100-250 parts of flame retardant; The inorganic filler is one or more of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, nano-silica, diatomite, magnetite, basalt, boron nitride, aluminum silicate, flake graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon nanotubes, alumina powder, ceramic microspheres, kaolin, mica, perlite, sepiolite, etc., mixed in any proportion; The tackifying resin is one or more of paraffin oil, polyisobutylene, rosin, petroleum resin, terpene resin, etc., mixed in any proportion; The film layer is an aluminized film, an aluminum-plastic film, a non-woven fabric or a hot-melt adhesive film; The vibration and noise insulation material is used for the rail transit vehicle body. Specifically, the vibration and noise insulation material is cut into strips and inserted into the cavity of the rail transit vehicle profile for use.

2. The vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the inorganic filler is 40-2000 mesh.

3. A vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity diameter of the hollow quartz fiber is 10-100 μm, the fiber hollowness is 0-0.5, and the short cut length is 5-20 mm.

4. A vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame retardant is an environment-friendly flame retardant.

5. A method for preparing the vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the processes of mixing, forming and film laminating.

6. The preparation method of the vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific operation process of the mixing is as follows: All raw materials are preliminarily mixed in a kneader or a mixer, and then further mixed in an extruder or an open mill to obtain a premix; Or all raw materials are preliminarily mixed in a kneader or a mixer and kneaded at 140 °C for 30 min to obtain a premix; Or polyacrylate rubber, polyacrylamide and petroleum resin are preliminarily mixed in a kneader or a mixer, kneaded at 140 °C for 20 min, then the remaining raw materials are added, and kneaded at 140 °C for another 10 min to obtain a premix.

7. The preparation method of the vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific operation process of the forming is as follows: The premix is made into a sheet by an open mill or an extruder, and then calendered by a calender to obtain a sheet with uniform thickness, and then cut to obtain a regular sheet-shaped material with a thickness of 0.5-8 mm; Or the premix is made into a regular thin sheet with uniform thickness by a flat extrusion machine, shaped and spliced by a calender, and then cut to obtain a regular sheet-shaped material with a thickness of 0.5-8 mm; Or the premix is extruded side by side by multiple extruders placed side by side, pressed into a thin sheet by a calender, then subjected to secondary calendering treatment to splice into a continuous sheet, and then subjected to tertiary calendering treatment for shaping and splicing, and then cut to obtain a regular sheet-shaped material with a thickness of 0.5-8 mm.

8. The preparation method of the vibration damping and sound insulation material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific operation process of the film laminating is as follows: An aluminized film, an aluminum-plastic film, a non-woven fabric or a hot-melt adhesive film is respectively attached to the two surfaces of the sheet-shaped material by a film laminating machine through vacuum film laminating, hot film laminating or glue coating film laminating to obtain the vibration and noise insulation material.

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